i

[^
^i.-^

PROMPTOEIUM PARVULORUM
SIVE CLERICORUM,
DICTIONAUIUS ANGLO-LATINUS PRINCEPS,
AUCTORE

FRATEE GALFRIDO GRAMMATICO DICTO,

EX ORDINE FKATRUM PREDICATOIIIJM, NORTHFOLCIENSI,
CIRCA
A.D. M.CCCC.XL.

OLIM EX OFFICINA PYNSONIANA EDITUM, NUNC AB INTEGRO, COMMENTARIOLIS SUBJECTIS, AD FIDEM CODICUM RECENSUIT

ALBEETUS WAY,

A.M.

LONDINI: SUMPTIBUS SOCIETATIS CAMDENENSIS.

M.DCCC.LXV.

WEaTMINSTER

PRIMED BY JOUN BOWTER NICHOLS

t/

A.ND SONS,

25,

PARLIAMENT STREET.

Y^

[no. lxxxix.]

COUNCIL OF
P^OR

TIIE

CAMDEN SOCIETY
1864-65.

THE YEAR

President,

THE MOST HON. THE MARQUESS CAMDEN, K.G. ARTHUR ASHPITEL, ESQ. F.S.A. WILLIAM HENRY BLAAUW, ESQ. M.A., F.S.A. Trea.virer. JOHN BRUCE, ESQ. F.S.A. Director.
WILLIAM CHAPPELL, ESQ. F.S.A. WILLIAM DURRANT COOPER, ESQ. F.S.A. JAMES CROSBY, ESQ. F.S.A. THE RIGHT HON. T. H. S. SOTHERON ESTCOURT, M.P.,F.S.A. JOHN FORSTER, ESQ. LL.D. THE REV. LAMBERT B. LARKING, M.A. JOHN MACLEAN, ESQ. F.S.A. FREDERIC OUVRY, ESQ. Treas.S.A. EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ. M.P., M.A., F.S.A. WILLIAM JOHN THOMS, ESQ. F.S.A. Secretary. WILLIAM TITE, ESQ. M.P. F.R.S., V.P.S.A. HIS EXCELLENCY M. VAN DE WEYER,D.C.L., Hon. F.S.A.

f he CouNCiL of the

Camden Society

desire

it

to be under-

stood that they are not answerable for any opinions or observatlons that

may appear

in the- Society's publications; the Editors

of the severnl

Works being

alone responsilile for the Rame.

ADVEETISEMENT.

In producing

tliis first

portion of the Promptorium,

tlie

Editor, having Ibr various reasons been induced. to with-

hold for the present his more detailed Preface, feels

requisite to offer a few preliminary observations.

it

The

present edition

formed upon the text of thc Harleian MS. 221, which has been selected as the most ancient, the most correct, and the most copious of the MSS. of
is

which the existence has hitherto been ascertained. The additions that have been made from other MSS., and from Pynson's edition, are numerous these, as likewise
;

the corrections and various readings, are distinguished

from the text by being placed within brackets, with the indication of the sources whence they are severally derived. In a few instances, where the reading of the Harl. MS. appeared so faulty as to justify an alteration
of the text, the rejected word has been given in the notes
;

but more frequently

it

has been considered preferable to

leave the reading of the

MS.

unaltered, and to give

tiie

various reading, which at once suggests the correction.

The authorities whence various readings have been taken

yi

ADVERTISEMENT.
tlie

are indicatecl in

following manner.

Library at King's College, Cambriclge, (k.)

collection of Sir

MS. in the MS. in the

Thomas Phillipps, Bart. at Middle Hill, and formerly in the Heber Library, (h.) MS. in the
;

Chapter Library at Winchester, originally in the possession of

Thomas

Silkstede,

Prior of Winchester, A.D.

1498,

(s.)

fragment contained in Harl. MS. 2274,

marked by the number of the MS. The edition printed by Pynson, in 1499, has supplied numerons additions and various readings, distinguished thus, (p.) and a few, the critical in^ortafforded a few readings, which are
;

ance of which
editions

is

but

trifling,

have been selected from the

by Julian Notary, 1508, (j.) and W. de Worde, The work was reproduced by the last-named 1516, (w.) printer in 1510, 1512, and 1528 but Pynson's text
;

aj^pears to liave
editions,

bceu followed in

all

the subsequent

with partial abridgment chiefly of the Latin

portion of the work, and some trifling variations.

The

integrity of the

MS.

selected as the

groundwork

of the present edition having thus been, in all essential

resj^ects, preserved,

the following modifications have been

deemed

advisable.

The

original consists of

two

distinct

portions,

and alphabetical arrangements, a nomlnale^ and

a verbale, according to the usage, of which other instances

occur in contemporary works of a similar nature.

The

disadvantage of thus separating the verbs from the nouns, and other parts of speech, was evidently material, and

ADVERTISEMENT.
the arrangement
lias

Vll

been simplified by throwing the

orcler.

whole into onc alphabetical

Thc

indications of

genders, declensions, and conjugations, as likewise of

which conveyed important information to the student of Latin, for whose benefit the work was compiled, but are devoid of any
certain inflexions of the Latin words,
utility as regards the present purpose,

have been wholly

cited;

omitted.

Wherever

it

was

practicable, the Latin words

have been corrected by reference to the authorities

in all other cases no attempt has been niade to alter the

barbarisms of a debased Latinity, which, displeasing,

indeed, to the eye of the classical scholar, are not devoid
of information to the archaic student.

been found impossible to preserve the perfect regularity of alphabetical arrangement, in consequence
It has

of the disorder that

had been introduced by the

scribe,

who, writing inore by ear than careful observation of

orthography, has in his transcript continually vitiated the
spelling of the original.

ruptions, introduced

To have corrected these corby the second hand, would have

its

been incompatible with the principle of preserving, in

integrity, the text of the

MS.

the transposition of the

would have destroyed the evidence of their original spelling indicated by the alphabetical arrangement. Some words have, however, where it appeared advisable, been
vvords

transposed

and

if

the Editor should be reproached with

an excess of caution in not making many alterations of

Vail

ADVERTISEMENT.

the kind, he hopes that the inconvenience will be ulti-

mately remedied by means of an orthographic Index,

by the most obsolete and nncouth spelling may be eifectually facilitated. The contractions have throughout been printed at length with tlie exception of the final m and n these have been left in cases where any question might arise as to their power. The chief difiiculty in this respect has occmTcd in regard to
disgiiised
:

which words

it is

proposed to

suj^plv,

wherein the reference to

the verbs, and, although the Editor has

little

doubt that

the termination -nne was here intended by the contraction

h,

yet the irregularities of

tlie spelliug,

contraction, that occur inthe MS., in

and indications of this instance, have

interest.

induced him to leave these, and

the decision of those

all

questionable cases, to

whom

they

may

In a

few instances where the contraction has appeared to be redundant, or erroneous, it has been printed as it stands
in the MS., so that
it

may

be rejected or retained, at the

of the last stroke

option of the reader.

of the

A prolongation

which occasionally, as it is bcHeved, denotes the mute final e, has been indicated in the It must also be noticed, following manner, m', n'.
or n,

that y

is

to be sought in tbe place of

;

that sh
is

is

in-

variably written sch

and that

j?,

which
it

occasionally,

by inadvertence of the scribe, written th, takes the penultimate place, usuaUy assigned to
alphabet.
in the

Anglo-Saxon
z,

The

letter

3 is

found in the place of

at the

ADVERTISEMENT.
close of the alphabetical

IX
as,

arrangement
letter,

however,

its

various and undefined powers would have been insufficiently represented

by that

the Saxon character

has been retained, with the exception only of a very

small

number

of words, in which, the letter having eviz,

dently the simple and ordinary power of

that character

has been employed.

In the

selection of illustrative materials, the Editor has

sought to keep equally in view the curious character of

the work, as affording definite evidence of archaic usages,

and its philological importance. He has thought it also more desirable to establish by contemporary evidence the existence of an obsolete word, or show the immediate source whence it was introduced into the language, than
to enter

upon etymological speculations. The Author excuses himself for the dialectical pecuof his work, written in conformity with the lan-

liarities

guage of Norfolk, with which alone he was acquainted

a comparison, therefore, with the existing dialect of East

Anglia appeared to bedesirable,and

as far as it

it

has been carried out

was practicable. Of numerous contemporary or ancient authorities, whence illustrations have bcen largely

drawn, several MSS. of the Latin-English Dictionary, entitled Medulla Grammatices, compiled, according to Bale,

by the same author as the Promptorium,have been chiefly consulted, as likewise the same work in its printed form, Of the under the title of the Ortus Vocabulorum. MeduUa Grammatices, or Grammatice, the MSS. which

ADVERTISEMENT.
especially be cited

may

are,among several iu tlie Harleian two Taluable Collection, those marked 2257 and 2270
;

MSS.

in the collection of

Sii'

Thomas

Phillipps, Bart.
;

8244 and 8306 (MSS. Heber 1020 and 1360) and the MS. in the Chapter Library at Canterbury, which is the

more remarkable on accoimt of the large number of corresponding Anglo-Saxon words which have been added in the margin, as it is supposed, by the hand of Somner.

A copy is also preserved in the

Library at Holkham.
noticed
is

Pepysian Library at Cam-

bridge, erroneously described as an English

and Latin,
hitherto

instead of a Latin-En2:lish Dictionarv, and another in the

The most ancient MS.

;

in the possession of the Editor

is

and

it

must be

observed that, althoui^h the work

same, the variations of the text in

substantiallv the

all

these copies are

found to be very great, and deserve careful comparison.

A h.ighly valuableMS., dated 1183, consistingof anEnglish

and Latin Dictionary, wholly distinct from the Promptorium, and written apparently in the Xorth-Eastern parts
of England,
is

cited as the Catholicon

Anglicum.

Eor

free use of this important source of illustration the Editor

is

indebted to the kindness of

its late

lamented possessor,
of

the Eight Hon. Lord Monson.

The curious work

John Palsgrave,
garia, 1519,

entitled " Eclaircissement de la langue

Eran^oyse," 1530, the quaint sentences of Horman's Vul-

and various other early printed authorities of equal rarity, have been made available to the utmost of the Editor's abiHty. But much has been inevitablv left

ADVERTISEMENT.
without any explanatory comment
;

XI

and the Editor is apprehensive that the elucidations which he has been enabled to offer will too frequently be found insufficient In a work that has demanded much minute or defective. research and detailed reference, numerous errors must, with the utmost care, have occurred and he will thankfully appreciate any corrections or suggestions with which
;

those

who

are interested in sucii researches

may

favour

him.

Considerable inconvenience has arisen from the

impossibility of gaining access to treatises from which the

Latin words in the Promptorium were derived. Tlie author cited as " Mirivalensis, in Campo florum," is

unknown, and all researches in order to discover that work, which supplied many of the most curious and
obscLire terms,

have hitherto been

fruitless.

No MS.

of

the Derivationes Ugucionis has yet been found which answers to the description here given, " Ugucio versificatus ;" and the " Commentarius curialium"
still

is

likewise

a desideratum.

On

these points of difficulty the

Editor, in behalf of his endeavour to offer in the present

work some contribution towards the archaic lexicography of the English language, would solicit the aid of those who are more conversant than himself with early MS.
literature.

131, Piccadilly,

July 29, 1843.

"^3^

.1:

-S

tJ^.
S5

c;^

^2

1 li

rj/%

t^ iS

PKEFACE.
On the completion
some introductory
European country.
as

of a long-promised contribution to English lexicography

notices

of the most valuable linguistic

seem indispensible, as an accompaniment monuments of its class to be found

to
in-

one

any

Whether we regard the Promptorium Parvulorum * an authentic record of the English hinguage in the earlier half of the
East Anglia,

fifteenth century, as inustrative of the provincial dialects of

or as explanatory of the numerous archaisms of a debased Latinity that

pervades early chronicles and documents,

highly estimated.
If,

its vahie can scarcely be too on the other hand, we take into consideration the curious evidence which it supplies to those who investigate the arts and

manners of bygone times,

at the period equally

it

were

difficult to point

out any relic of learning

details

full of instruction,

and of those suggestive

which claim the attention of students of mediaeval Hterature and

in the varied departments of archteological research.

antiquities

These considerations, not

less

than the great scarcity of the work,

whether we emimerate the MSS. hereafter described, or the few and often
mutilated copies of editions by the fathers of English typography, Pynson,

Juhan Notary, and Wynkyn de AVorde, preserved

"

to

our days, were induce-

In the MS. at King's College, Cambridge, tlie work is entitled, in the prologue, " Promptorius Parvulorum;" in Pynson's edition " Promptorius Puerorum;" and in The last title that by Wynkyn de Worde " Promptuarium Parvulorum Clericorum."
is

doubtless most correct.

Promptuarium
it

in classical latinity signifies a store-room or

repository; in mediseval times

denoted the department in a conventual or collegiate

establishment or the like, whence stores were dispensed, which in a monastery was under the charge of the Cellarer. The author gives " Boterye; celarium, promptuarium;"

p.45; " Celer; promptuarium; Celerere of the howse; cellerarius, promptuarius;" p. 65; " Spence, botery or celere; cellarium, promptuarium;" p. 468. As illustrations of the
use of the term by mediceval writers, I
dialogice ordinatorum," Colon. 1496,

may mention

the " Promptuarium argumentorum " Promptuarium exemplorum," appended to the

" Sermones de Sanctis " printed by Julian Notary in 1510, " Joh. Herolt Promptuarium,"

Nuremb. 1520, and "Jo. Piniciani Promptuarium Vocabulorum " Aug. Vind. 1516. The title, it may be observed, was adopted for a Latin-French and Freneh-Latin vocabulary, " Promptuarium Latinae Linguaa," printed at Antwerp by Plantin, 1564; and the
;

well-known series of medallion portraits " Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum."

first

published at Lyons in 1553

is

entitled

CAMD.

SOC.

XIV
ments
to

PKEFACE.
undertake a task which has
nov^', after

many

unforeseeu impedi-

mentSj been brought to completion.

I wiil not, hoAvever,

consume time
"\vin,

in
for

seeking to propitiate those whose indulgence I might hope to

shortcomings and imperfections Avhich no one perhaps can more truly

esti-

mate or regret than myself.

engaged in the minute
toils

The student of

early literature

who has

-which such an undertaking demands, or in

the wearisome labor of collation,

may be

-willing

perhaps to regard with

leniency deficiencies and even inaccuracies into which the editor

may have

been betrayed in the course of his work.

The
I.

special subjects to

which

have limited
thus stated:

my

observations in the

following preliminary notices

may be

The author
The
Tlie

of the Promptorium, with such traces as

may

be found

of his history or of his Hterary labors.

II.

sources from which his Latinity was derived.

III.

MSS.

of the work,

and

also the printed editions

which have been

available iu the preparation of this volume.

I.

We

are euabled to ascertain Avith certainty, from the author's

own

statement given in the Harleian

MS. at

the close of his Preamlulum, that the

Promptorium was compiled by a Dominican Friar of Lynn Episcopi, Norfolk, A.D. 1440.'' This monastery of Black Friars or Friars-Preachers
stood in the eastern part of the
It is believed that this

town.

Few

traces of

it

are

now

to

be seen,

house existed in the reign of Edward L, and was

founded by Thomas Gedney.*'

to
*

An

anchorage

is

stated to

have belonged
as " fratrem

it,

and herein possibly the author, Avho describes himself

iiifra,

See p.3,

Dugdale, Mon. Angl.

vol. viii. p.

vol. vi. p.

1487; Taylor's Index Monast.

p.

37; Blomefield's

Norfolk,
"^

527.
St.

There was a ehapel of

Catherine in the conventual church, and with this ehapel

probably the above-mentioned anchorage was connected.

of Norwich, wrote a letter to the that they of

Henry le Despencer, Bishop mayor and burgesses of Lynn, 5 Eich. II. desiring
house of
St.

would grant

their part of the

Catherine to John Consolif, a servant

life

Lord

le

Despencer, the bishop's brother, there to live a solitary

;

upon the alms

of the good people

the other part of the house, belonging to the Archdeacon of Norwich,

baving been before granted to the said John Consolyf. Blomefield, ut szipra, p. 513. There waa a remarkable hermitage at Lynn, in a cave on the sea-shore, in the bishop's marsh, at a spot called " Lenne Crouch," where, as appears by a document dated 1349,
a
lofty cross,

110

feet in height,

had been erected

for the benefit of seafaring

men,

But

herniits

and reduses were

essentiallv different.

PREFACE.

XV

predicatorem reclusum Lenne Episcopi," had souglit a retreat from more

active dutics to devote his leisure to the task
If the library of his

which he had undertaken.

owu house could

not supply

him

vvith

the works

necessary for his literary purpose, doubtless they could have been easily

obtained from those of other houses belonging to the Order.

There

is

no reason
its strict

to

suppose that the word reclusus

is

here used in
in a

any other than

sense of an " ankyr," one

who was shut up

cell

building specially appropriated to the purpose, and with a solemn service,

by

episcopal sanction

after

which he could not leave his

except in
in

case of necessity or with the permission of the bishop.*

The expression
friar.

the preface, " Lenne sub regula paupertatis astrictus," probably refers to
tlie

vows taken on the occasion of

anachorita (p. 12).
in Sussex is

his

becoming a Dominican
"

The

author has himself explained the word " ankyr

dered
at
it

by

" recluse," and ren-

An instance of a friar being a recluse

will of St. Richard,

(mclusus)

Pagham

mentioned in the

Bishop of

Chichester;^ and

we read
as

of an anchoress within the nunnery of Clemen-

thorpe, near York, in 1475.

The author was,

we

learn from his

own words,

bred, if not born, in

Norfolk: " comitatus Northfolchie

modum

loquendi solum suxn secutus,

quem solum ab
It

infancia didici, et solotenus plenius perfectiusque cognovi."

may

deserve observation that the peculiarities of the local dialect of

the county should have been thus distinctly noticed at this period.
are,

We

however, informed that, at an earlier time, Samson de Botington,

St.

abbot of

Edmundsbury 1182

1211,

was accustomed

to discourse

to the people in the vernacular of Norfolk, the

county in which he was

born and bred, and that he had a pulpit for the purpose in the conventual
church.*^

There has hitherto been some uncertainty in regard

to the

name

of the

*
is

Heame

stated to have

has given a note, hereafter mentioned, in which the compiler of the work been " frater Ricardus Fraunces, inter quatuor parietes pro Christo

inclusus."

Ames

has inserted a note by a Mr. Lewis,

who was

led to the conelusion that

he had actually been starved to death between four walls; but Herbert observes that
the phrase means no more than that hc was confined or imprisoned; to wliich Dibdin adds " most probably a voluntary recluse or monk." Typ. Ant. vol. ii. p. 418.
^
''

Sussex Archseol. Coll.

vol.

i.

p.

174,
p. 143.

"=

Madox, Form. Angl.

p.

437.

Reyner, Apost. Benedict. in Anglia, App.

XVI
compiler of
tlie

PREFACE.
Promptorium.
tlie

In the Glossary to Hearne's edition of

Langtoft's Clironicle, under

word

" Nesshe," tlie

following statement

and molleo (so 'tis expressed for molHo,) in the Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum (calFd also Medulla Grammaticae), a very scarce folio book printed by Richard Pynson in the year 1499, being the 14th year of the reign of King Henry
appears:

"Maken

nesshe

is

interpreted mollifico

VII. at which time

lency, as

it

was look'd upon

as a

work

of great use

and excelet

may

appear from this printed note at the end.

^ Ad laudem

ad honorem," &c. (as given in the account of Pynson's edition, p. xHi. infra.)

" The author was a preaching

of the East parts of England, to

or black Fryer, and follow'd the dialect

which he had been used from his infancy, as he tells us in his Prologue. His name was Richard Frauncis, as I find by this note written in an old hand at the beginning of a copy of this book that was lent me by Mr. Ward of Longbridge, viz. ^ Nomen Compilatoris istius libri

est Frater

Ricardus Fraunces, inter quatuor parietes pro

is at most some previous possessor of the book,

Christo inclusus."^
the

Against this statement, however, which

or tradition of

anonymous note
cited, first,

may be
edition

an entry of equal authority in a copy of the same

in the public library at

by Pyuson
fuit

Cambridge

" Autor
of the

hujus

operis

Galfredus Grammaticus dictus, frater Ordiuis

S. Dominici.''

To

this friar

we

find the authorship ascribed

by the learned Bale, Bishop of

title

Ossory, himself an East-Anglian, not indeed under the

Prompto-

rium, but as the Medulla Grammatices, distinctly identified however by

the incipial words of the

Preambulum
Bale,

as the

by the name
accustomed

first

mentioned.

work more commonly known whose Catalogue of the writers of

Great Britain was published at Basle in 1557,'' writes also thus with his
critical asperity
:

" Galfridus Grammaticus, ad scholas semper

a puero nutritus, sub corruptis, obscuris, ac barbaris prajceptoribus, prima

ejus artis rudimenta edoctus, corruptior ipse aliorum
evasit.

Sibi ipsi nihilominus,

tandem magister non aUter quam olim arrogans ille Pala^mon,

et bonaj
illaj

adfectus,
literse, et

multa tribuebat, tanquam essent cum eo nato simul

bcne dicendi artes
oborta;,

atque

cum

eo

demum
alios

moriente et

simul essent interiturse.

Ciceronem, Salustium, Servium, Pliuium, Varet

ronem, Vergilium, Horatium, Quintilianum,

*
*>

bonos authores in

Peter Langtoft's Chronicle, edit. Hearne,

vol.

ii.

p. G24.

In tho

first

edition, printed at Ipswich, 1548, the notice of Galfridus varies only in a

few particuiurs from that above cited.

PBEFACE.
lecturis ille contempsit
;

XVll

et

pro

illis

ad Latina^ linguse perniciem, ac bonoDeditque suis

rum ingeniorum nauseam,

sordes ac feces horribiles ex suo Alexandro,"'

Garlandio, Genuensi,'' et similibus, Grammatista protulit.

auditoribus opuscula que sequuntur, Latinis characteribus exarata,

In doctrinale Alexandri,

lib. 3.
lib. 1.

In Joannis Garlandi Synonyma,

In iEquivoca ejusdem,
lib. 1.

Cum

omnis

divisio lilri sit penes.^

In snperiore

libro tractavi deJ^

Expositiones hymnorum,^

lib. 1.

Iste liher dicitur liher hijmnorum.

{nostrce prce.

Hortum vocabxilorum,
Praceptiones pueriles,

lib. 1.

Ut enim multos
Cernentihus

Medullam Grammatices,

lib. 1.

solicite clericorum.

lib. 1.

Et

ejus farinoe alia.

Pra^dicta opuscula
suis
scriptis

omnia

vidi, Parisiis

atque Lonfuisse tes-

dini impressa.

Sunt qui in

Dominicauum hunc
virginis partu

tentur, et claruisse
rico 7 regnante."^

anno a sacratissimo

divaj

1490, Hen-

Alexander Neecham.
^
<=

Johaniies Balbi Januensis, author of the Catholicon.

The Synonyma were printed by Pynson

in 1496,

1500, and 1509, "

cum

expositione

magistri Galfridi Anglici," namely, the author of the

also

Promptorium here mentioned; The first edition, printed by W. de Worde, 1500, 1505, 1510, 1514, 1517, 1518.
is

by Pynson,

in

the Bodleian {Auctayium, Q. 2, 5, 9); the expositio

is

in liatin, with

a few English words; for instance,

corona, armilla).

"

penchelides, Anglice a bee

" (A. Sax. Beag, beah,

e.

The words

are arranged alphabetically by order of subjects,

g.

" Ocillum dic os

quoque ludum, qui se de more portant per inane puella :" thus expounded by the grammarian Galfridus, " et dictum est ocilhim quia in ora moveantur huc et illuc, vel quia ora astantium ad risum moveant, vel quiasolebant
funis
impelli in ora transeuntium, et iste vocatur Anglice (a totre or a rydyng rope,)" namely,

minimum

a swing for children.

See Dibdin, Typ. Antiq., vol. ii., pp. 97, 612 and p. Ixviii. injra. The Multorum Verborum Equivocorum Interpretatio was printed by W. de Worde, 1409, 1506, 1514, and by Pynson, 1514. See Dibdin, Typ. Antiq. vol. ii. pp. 96, 406, 548 and p. Ixviii. infra. e Tanner (Bibl. Brit. p. 305) refers to a MS. of this work in the library at Lincoln Cathedral, unfortunately not included among the cathedral libraries of which the MSS.
; ;

are enumerated in Catal.

MSS.

Anglije.

am

indebted to the Rev. G. F. Apthorp,

is

Senior Vicar of Lincoln Cathedral, for information that there

MS.

of the MeduIIa

Grammatice, the Latin-English dictionary above cited among the works of Galfridus Grammaticus, and that the volume contains a "Liber Hymnorum," stated to be by the

same author
f

as the dictionary.
it is

The shelf-mark

of the

MS. was

formcrly H. 35; in the

present arrangement

A.

3, 15.

Baleus, Script. majoris Brytannie Catalogus, p. 631.

XVlll
Pits,^

PREFACE.
ahvays a keen opponent of the bitter censures of Bale, gives
tlie

following commendation of our autlior, -whilst he concurs in ascribing to

him the compilation of the Promptorium, which, however, he designates by the title of Medulla
:

like^vise

" Galfridus
S.

Grammaticus

in orientaHbus AngHffi partibus natus, ordinis

Dominici Monachus, ut
ita

mecum

multi sentiunt.

Vir bonus

et

simplex,

atque

rebus Grammaticis impense deditus, ut inde cognomen assumpdiscendis atque docendis oranem pene

serit, et in iis serit.

suam

getatem consump-

In quo genere non illaudata reliquit posteris documenta, quae et

Parisiis et Londini fuerunt

ahquando

tyj)is

raandata.

Scripsit

autem

hsec.

" Praeceptiones Pueriles, librum

unum.
....
alia.

uuum. unum.

Ut

etenim multos nostrce prce

solicite

Cernentibus

clericorum ....

Hortum vocabulorum, librum Medullam Grammatices Hbrum In Poetria nova, librum unum.
Claruit anuo

MS. Oxonii

in Coll. Balliolensi.''

Et

postquam peperit

Virgo 1490."

The

list

includes also the works on the writings of

as

Neccham,

John de Garlandia, &c. enumerated by Bale,

statements of Bale and Pits, repeating the

above

cited.

Bishop Tanner, in his Bibhotheca Britannico-Hibernica, foUows the

list

of the writings of Galfridus

Grammaticus, " annon potius Starkey"? as the Bishop remarks.

tionary, adding to Bale's brief account part of the title

Among
in

these he noticed that the Hortus Vocahulorum Avas a Latiu-English Dic-

more fuUy given

the printed

work

as hereafter described.

He
MS.

proceeds to notice as follows

GeofFrey's EugHsh-Latin Dictionary, the

of which,

now in

the Harleian

coUection, No. 221, the learned prehate appears to have

examined iu Sir

Simonds d'Ewes' Hbrary:

"

MeduUam
lib.
i.

Gramraatices, sive Promptuarium parvulorum sive clerico-

rum,

(Ita incipit

Dictionarium Anglo-Latinum
jjer

intitulat.

Promp-

tuarium parvulorum sive clericorum, coJlectum

reclusum Lenn. Episc. A.D. 1440; MS. in
"

fratrem pradicatorem

bibl.

D. Sim. d'Ewes, Bar. 4to.)

under the year 1490. work was written by Galfridus Vinesauf. In the list of MSS, at Durham, 1391, we find " Nova Poetria Galfridi Anglici qui vocatur Papa Stupor mundi." Cat. Vet. Eccl. Dun., Surtees Soe. p. 11. Hence obviously tbis work is erroneously assigned by Pits to Galfridus Grammaticus, who lived in the foUowing
Jo. Pitsei, de
Catal. Scriptorum, &c. p. 679,
*

Rebus Anglicis,

Bishop Tanner observes that

this

century.

See also Cat. Vet. ut

p. 99,

siqrra, p.

177

Codd.

Coll. S. Trin. Cant., Catal.

MSS.

Mr. Coxe, Catal. MSS. Oxon., Coll. Ball. nos. cclxiii., cclxxvi,, ascribes the Carmen " De Poetria nova," dedicated to Innocent III., to GalAngl.
t. ii.,

No. 446.

fridus de

Vino Salvo.

PREFACE.
*

XIX
fol.

Cernentibus

solicite

clericorum.'

Lond. 1499,

MS.

eccl. Lincoln.

H
The

Quod sequuntur Nominale, Verbale,

;

in cujus

margine scribitur

Galfridus Starkey

qutere

annon hoc

sit

cognomen Grammatici
I

Claruit A.D. 14.90.

identity of the

Bale et Pits,

locis citatis."^

name

Galfridus will,

think, scarcely dispose us to

accept the suggestion of the Bishop of St.

scribbling

which he noticcd
in East Anglia, is

in this

Asaph as regards the marginal Lincoln MS. the name Starkcy, not
;

more probably to be regarded as that of a former possessor of the volume than that of the author. Whatever may have been his patronymic, I think that we may confidently ascribe to the Dominican recluse of Lynn, Galfridus, desiguated, from his special studies in an age of very debased learning, " Grammaticus," the laborious achievement

unknown

English-Latin and Latin-English Dictionaries. No doubt can, be entertained of his identity Avith the expounder of the " Equivoca" and the " Synonyma " of John de Garlandia, who is entitled " Maof the
first

I think,

gister Galfridus Anglicus " in the editions of those popular treatises priuted

by Pynson and W. de Worde. The author describes with simple

times, thirsted for

earnestuess in his

Preambulum

the

troubles of aspiiing scholars, who, amidst the prevalent barbarism of his

knowledge

like harts for the Avater-brooks,

and in vain

sought for guides, so that like wild asses they fainted in sobbing and sighs;
according to the lament of the prophet, the youug children ask bread, and

no man breaketh

it

unto them opus

He "drew up

for their use," as expressed

by

the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor, in his valuable Essays on early Lexicography,

'

" a slight compendium,

esile,' chiefly

from the Catholicon, Campus

of the middle

Florum, and Diccionarium.

The most ignorant calumniator

('

ages could not speak of the poor recluse

* Bibl.

sub regula paupertatis astric-

Brit.-Hib. p. 305.

The
It is

description of the Lincoln

it

MS.

given by the learned

bishop would lead us to conclude that

was a copy of the Promptorium, namely, an

English-Latin Dictionary.

probable that Tanner had formed such a supposition

from the circumstance that in the colophon of Pynson's edition of the Promptorium that work is entitled " Medulla Grammatice " (see p. 539, infra), properly the designation of
the Latin-English Dictionary compiled possibly by the same author.

The MS. noticed by

it is

Tanner

is still

in the library, as before stated (see p. xvii., note e)

in fact a Latin-

English Dictionary; at the end is written " Explicit Medulla Grammatice." The volume contains also a " Verbale," and the "Liber Hymnorum cum expositione Galfridi"Tnentioned by Tanner.

XX
tus
')

PREFACE.
in

more disparaging terms than he applies

to himself.

'

Rudis

et

inscius, pkisque aptus discere

quam

docere,'

he contents himself

for the

most part with abbreviating the works of

seeking counsel from the
to

earlier

grammarians, occasionally

mouth

of his betters, but very rarely venturing

words in alphabetical order,

pronounce sentence in his own proper person. He arranges the English first placing under every letter the nouns and

other parts of speech except verbs, and then the verbs

by

themselves."

The

title

of the work denoted

all

its

use

from

its

brevity

it

would be readily

procured and consulted by

follows
:

Mr. Mayor proceeds as was natural to scholars who, having seldom any means of procuring books except by transcribing them with their own hand, and being at the mercy of any scribe who might wittingly or unwittiugly travesty their most careful works, learnt to detest
parvuli or
clerici.

"

The

preface ends in a strain which

pedagogues, teachers, and masters, that

humbly with prayers entreat all when they have examined this will approve what may by God's assistance have been little work, they rightly written, and will piously correct and emend what ia \vritten ill or since humble grammarians and boys may look on this short erringly
a blunder as Avorse than a crime
:

'

volume

as

on a mirror, aud

find freely
"''

and immediately the common words

which belong

to the Latin tongue.'

it

Fortunate indeed had

been

if

the original conscientiously elaborated

by

GeofFrey's

own hand had been

preserved to our times.

perplexities

We
by

should
vitia-

not have been exposed to manifold

tions of the text

occasioned

through the heedlessness of transcribers.

In offering to

students of our old language and literature the resuhs of minute collation of all the

known MSS.

of his Avork,

by which many corruptions of

the text may be amended, I can only renew the simple appeal of the author, " ut, ciim exile hoc opus perspexerint, quod Deo me juvante sit
recte

scriptum approbent, et quod

male aut devie pie corrigant

et

emendeut.''

Scarcely inferior in interest to the Promptorium, as an aid to the

student of fifteeuth-century language and literature,
dictionary, the first
is

the Latin-English

work of that
English-Latin

descriptiou, entitled

Medulla Grammatice

Latin-English and
of Classical

Lexicography (by the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor),

vol. iv.

Journal

anJ '^acred Philology,

March 1857.

PREFACE.
or Grammatices.

XXI
Lynn,
to

The

notices of the recluse of

-whom we are un-

doubtedly indebted for the Promptorium, would be incomplete without

tion as I

some account of the MeduUa, and of such MSS. of that valuable compilahave been enabled to discover. The two works have been ascribed^

with

much
true, is

probability, to the

same author.

have, however, failed to

discover any contemporary statement to that effect ; the

it is

name

of Galfridus,

found as that of the author in several MSS. of the LatinI believe,

English dictionary in question, but such entries are,

hand.

by a

later

This ascription

may be solely on the

lib.
i.

authority of Bale,

who gives,

as

before cited,
"

among

the writings of Galfxidus Graramaticus, the following:

Hortum Vocabulorum,

Ut etenim
i.

viultos (^nostrm prcB.

"MeduUam

Grammatices-,

lib.

Cernentihiis soUcite clertcorum.'^

The Prologus

of the Latin-English dictionary, the

Ortus, printed
I

by

Wynkyn de Worde in

1500, begins " Ut etenim multos," &c.

:

have never
here-

found this preface in any MS.

the only prologue occurring in

MSS.
hujus

after described of the dictionary entitled Medulla, of

which

beUeve the
libri."

Ortus to be a modified reproduction, begins " Hec

See notices of these MSSk, p.
I.

est regula

to hv. ivfra.

title

The second work attributed by Bishop Bale to of MeduUa Grammatices, seems to have boen

Galfridus, under the

in fact the English-

Latin dictionary or Promptornitm, the prologue of which begins alike in

the

MSS. and

in the printed copies with the phrase given

by Bale

" Cer-

nentibus

solicite

1499 jve find " Finit excellentissimum opus, &c. quod nuncupatur MeduUa Grammatice." See p. 539 infra. In Wynkyn de Worde's editionthe
is "opus ... quod merito Medulla Grammatice apud Paruulorum Promptuarium nu.ncupatur." Hence doubtless, has arisen some discrepancy which it is desirable to point out, since Pits and the learned Bisho^) Tanner have followed Bale in ascribing to our author one

clericorum."

But

in the colophon of Pynson's edition of

corresponding phrase
nos, vel

dictionary (English-Latin) under a

title

which properly belongs

to another.a

The MSS.
It

of the Medulla are more numerous than those of the Prompto-

deserves notice that these authorities agree in ascribing the authorship of the
to Galfi-idus

" Hortus Vocabulorum "

first

Granimaticus, and

it

will be

remembered

that Bale

publislied his account in 1548, about a century possibly after the recluse at

Lynn

brought his labors to completion.

largely to that book, although
his

There can be

little

doubt that they contributed

original compilation

may have been amended and

CAMD.

SOC.

XXU
rium
;

PREFACE.
they vary in
tlieir

contents in a remarkable degree

it

might indeed

seem that each transcriber made him, or that he engrafted upon

glosses

sucli modifications of the text as pleased

it

the additioual words and explanatory

which he found inserted by any previous hand. The text also varies greatly from tliat of the Ortus printed by Wynkyn de Worde, a work of considerable rarity, in the compilation of which materials were
undoubtedly derived largely from the IMedulla, but wdth certain additions

from other sources, such as the Breviloquus, the Cornucopia, probably the dictionary by Nicolas Perotti so entitled, and the Gemma Yocabulorum.
It is difficult to

account for the great variations to be noticed in

MSS.
to

of

the jNIedulla and in the early Latin-English Dictionaries which I believe

to

be substantially the same as that work.

to

None

of those

kuown

me

can be assigned
tury.

an

earlier date

than the latter half of the fifteenth cen-

As an

iUustration of this remarkable

oiFer the renderiugs of " Ciniflo," a remarkable

want of conformity, I may word which will be found

"

in the
infraJ^

Promptorium

as the rendering of "

Askysye

or askefise;
:

p. 15,

The

priucipal variations

which

have found are as follows

,

" Cmijio, a fyre blower, a yrene beter" {sic). feyre blowere."

(HarL MS. 1,000.)

s.

"A

(Harl.

MS. 2181.)
(Harl.

"A

aske bathe,

qui sedet in cine-

ribus, et calefactor

ferri.''

MS. 2,270)

"A

fire

blower, and a

" An askfist (Harl. MS, 2,257.) heter of blode iren, or a axe w^adelle." " Askebawe, qui s. sedet in cineribus, or iren heter." (Add. MS. 24,640.)

(Canterbury MS.) "An aske fyse or irne eter." calefactor ferri." " A fyyre blowere, au yryn hetere, an (MS. ColL Phillipps, 8,244.) askefyce." (MS. ibid, No. 8,306.) " Qui flat in cinere, vel qui preparat
et

pulverera muliebrem, angl' aske fyste a fyre bLawer or a yrne hotter."

enlarged by some other haud from the works above enumerated, before
press of
*
its

issue

from the

Wynkyn

de Worde, in 1500.
in Harl.

The reading

MS. 221
it

is

Askysye or Askesye, but possibly the word may

be more correctly Askefise;

vvas

a term of reproaeh
stayed at

among

the Northern nations,

denoting an unwarlike fellow

who

home
v.

in

the chimney-corner like a cat

among
Askefis

the ashes.

See Ihre, Lexic. Suio-Goth.

Aska, and the Saga of Rolf, how the

is

won

the King's daughter to wife.

corresponding French word

given by

HoUyband, " Cendria-, he

likewise by Cotgrave

that keepeth the chimney-corner, a shiggard,"

rendered
lurking

"a

sluggard, slowbacke, idIesbie,'house dove, one that

sits

in the chininey eorner.'"

of a house in Lincolnshire, Askefye Hall, near Spalding, once the abode of Maurice Johnson, but now usually written " Ayscough Fee Hall."

The word may be

preserved, as I

am

informed, in the

name

PREFACE.

xxiii

(Ortus, first edition, by W. de Worde, 1500.) " Qui flat in cinere vel qui preparat pulverem muliebrem, Anglice a fyre blower, or an yren hoter." (Ortus, edit. 1509.)

At

the close of this Preface will be found a

list

of

MSS.

of the Medulla

Grammatice and of other Latin-English Dictionaries of the fifteenth century, which probably may be classed therewith. An account of the

Vocabulorum is there also given. some remarks on the sources from which the Latin "words in the Promptorium were derived, according to the list given by the
various editions of the Ortus
II.

proceed

to ofier

compiler.
1.

See
first

p. 3, infra.

The

of the " auctores, ex

is

quorum

libris collecta sunt

vocabula

hujus Ubelli,"

the most ample and highly esteemed of medifeval diction-

ariesjthe CatlioUconox
It

Summa

of Johannes de Janua,or Januensis,de Balbis.

has been repeatedly printed, the earliest edition being the uoble volume produced at INIayence in 1460, which was followed by another at Venice

Du Cange, the author, a native of Geuoa in the combined the works of Papias and Uguitio, and reproduced a dictiouary largely augmented, " ex multis diversis doctorum texturis elaboratum atque contextum," as stated in a colophon from which
in 1487.

According to

thirteenth century,

we

learn that his labors were completed in the year 1286.*

sevei'ely this great

work and

also the treatises

However by John de Garlandia and

other such writers are decried by Erasmus, in his lamentations regarding the

degraded character of rudimental education at the commencement of the

sixteenth century, the student of medifeval antiquities or of the^iterature

of the period will find in the CathoUcon an auxiliary rarely to be consulted without advantage and instruction.
2. Uguitio, Ugutio, or

Hugo, a native of

Pisa,

was Bishop

of Ferrara

towards the close of the twelflh century.

about 1212.^

The

Ughelli supposes that he died Elementarium compiled about a.d. 1053 by Papias

appears to have supplied the groundwork of his dictionary, of which the design is thus set forth in the preface: " Opus divina favente gratia com

Prifif.

D.

Du Cange

in

Glossar.

med.
t. i.

et inf. Lat., s.

4";
t. iii.

edit.

Henschel,
;

t.

i.

p. 29.

Fabricius, Biblioth. med. et inf. Lat.,

p.

163; Oudin,
p.

p.

579

Maittaire,

Ann.
90,

Typ.,
>

t. i.

p.

271; Wurdtwein, Bibl. Mogunt.,

66; Hallam, Lit. of Europe,

I. c. 1,

Fabricius, Biblioth. med. et inf. Lat.,

s.

t. iii.

304;

edit.

Patav. 1754.
Ital., lib.

Du Cange
iii.

prsef.

46; edit. Henschel,

t. i.

p.

28; Tiraboschi, Storia di Lett.

c.

14.

XXIV
ponere statuimus, in quo, pras

PEEFACE.
aliis,

tionum
et

distinctiones, derivationum origines,

vocabulorum significationes, significaetymologiarum assignationes,

pigritia

interpretationum reperientur expositiones,

naturaliter indiga

quadam doctorum
of
tlie

quorum ignorantia Latinitas non modicum coarctatur.'

it

Numerous MSS.
appear that
the
it

Vocahulai^ium of Uguitio exist, but

It will

does not

was Promptorium cites not only the work

ever printed.*
Brito.
is

be noticed that

tlie

compiler of

in majori volumine,

but also one in

a metrical form designated Uguitio versijicatus^

3.

ence
sive

The treatise by William Brito, to which frequent refermade by the compiler of the Promptorium, is probably his " Sumtna,
difficilium

opusculum

vocabulorum' Biblie," an explanatory Glossary

Holy Writ, sometimes entitled " Lexicon siveVocabularium Biblie," or, as described by Fabricius, " Vocabularius cum vocabulorum Hebraicorum in Bibhis occurrentium interpretatione Latina."
of words occurring in

Some account
col.

of this

work may be found

t. i.

in

Du

Caoge's Preface to his

t.

Glossary, 49, edit. Henschel,

p. 30,

and Bandinius, Codd. Lat.

iv.

213.

The Summa
Difficiles

is

in prose,

but

it

commences with some prefatory

verses:
studeo partes, quas Biblia gestat,
latebi-as nisi

Pandere; sed nequeo

Auxiliante Deo, &c.

qui manifestat

The followang MSS. may be enumerated. In the Bodleian, Laud MS. 1334,71, " Huicii Pisani Dictionarium Latinumf and MS. Bodleii, 2486, 9. " Huguitionis Pisani

Derivationes magnffi sive Dictionarium Etymologicum;" Cat.

MSS. Angl.

t. i.

pp. 70, 129:

:

" Hugonis,

vel Hugutionis, episcopi Pisani derivationes

magnas," &c., Lambeth MS. 80

" Hugonis
ibid.

liber de significatione

verborum, sive derivationes magnoe, opus valde prolixum,"

No. 120, See also Arundel

MSS.
and

in Brit.

abridgement.

MSS.

are also to be found in the Cathedral libraries at

at Caius College,

Mus. 127, 508, and 515, tbe latter being an York and Durham at
;

Balliol College, Nos. 279, 298,

No. 459; Catal. by the Rev. J. J. Smith. In Add. MS. 11611 may be found " Tabula per alphabetum condita a fratre Lamberto de Pisis," an index of all words explained by Uguitio, with the indication of the primary words under which they oceur, facilitating the use of the work. ^ Possibly to be found in the Lambeth Librarj-, MS. No. 502, f. 15, " Regulje grammaticales versibus conclusse."

In some instances reference is made in the Promptorium both to the work " iu majori volumine and also in the versified form. It deserves notice,
,''"'

that,

where the

latter is cited, the reference is rarely to the letter

which

is

the initial of
S.

the Latin word in question.

Thus we

Heere bonde;
Ug. V.
in

vitta;
&.C.

Ug. V.

in

"Cleppyn orclenchyn; tinnio ; Ug. V. in Mete yevare; dapaticus; Ug. V. in A. Mychare;

find

erro;

P."

PREPACE.

XXV

Brito was, according to Pits, a uative of Wales of ancient British race,

monk

of the Franciscan order versed in the learning of his times, and

his Avritings

were highly in esteem in foreign lands

does not appear that the

he died at Grimsby

in 1356.*

It

Summa

has been printed.

Another

treatise entitled

Synonyma ascribed

to

Brito was, according to Fabricius,

printed at Paris in 1508.

British
see

MSS.

of the
;

Summa

are to be found in the

Museum, Sloane MS. 3319 Add. MS. 10,350, from Heber's library also Lambeth MS. 190; MS. CoU. Ball. Oxon., xi.; and MSS, Univ.
iii.,

Libr. Cantabr., Catal. vol.

4. Mirivalensis in

p.

451.

Campo Florum.

large

number of Latin words,

inckiding

many

of obscure and curious character,'' are cited as derived

from

this

work, for which I have made diligent search hitherto in vain.

is

In the library of St. Peter'3 College, Cambridge, there

described
floribus.
;

a treatise thus
Pr. Fulcite

"No. 1748,

86. Liber cui

tit.

Campus florum.
This

me

Observat ordinem Alphabeticum."

treatise,

however,

cousisting of short common-places from the fathers and canonists, has proved on examination wholly difFerent from the Campus Florum used in the

compilation of the Promptorium.

to identify the place or

have

failed equally in the

endeavor

monastery from which the name of the author

may have been

Pits, p.

taken.

The

Cistercian

Abbey

of Mereval (de

Mira Valle)
t. i.

481; Wadding. Ann. Minorum; Fabricius, Bibl. med.

&c.
Brito iscited in the

et inf. Lat.

p.

282;

Tanner,

p. 121,

Promptorium under " Bras

pott; emola;'''' p. 47;

" Chyldys
^ It

belle; hilla;'" p. 75;

" Cok belle;"p. 86; "

Forelle, to kepe

yn a boke;"

p. 171.

may be
if

well to cite a few Latin words given on the authority of the

will

Campus

Florum; the following

parison,

be serviceable, in any future inquiry, for purposes of comto light;

it

any work thus entitled should be brought

title,

may have been known

by some other

"Appulmoce, dyschmete; pomacium. Astelle, a schyyd; iecla. Bane of a pley; coragium. Babulle; pegma, Baselarde; sica. Caraway, herbe; carwy, sic scribitur in campo florum. Hey benche; orcisira. Joppe or folte; joppus. Karde for wulle; campus florum dicit quod cardi
and hence
search has been fruitless.

my

sunt pectines
lytyll

ferrei.

Kyptre of a welle;

iela,

Lullynge songe ; /escennia.

Murche,
These

man; nanus.
will

Parget or playster for wallys; gypsv.m.

Stacyonere; hilliopola.

Renlys for mylke; coagulum.

fyyr; ignis Qrecus,''''

Sprete or quante; conia,

Wyylde

words
<=

show how varied the contents

of the Carapus Floriim

must have been.

Catal.

MSS.

Anglise, vol.

ii.

p. 149.

also because, aa the author states, he

patris

The title was taken from the Canticles, and had compiled the work " contemplacione venerabilis
he had transmitted it for correction. In the Uni" Pratum Florum," beginning " Gram-

domini mei domini archiepiscopi Panormitani, videlicet domini Theobaldi de

Ursinis de

Campo Florum,"
Cambridge,
is

to

whom

versity library,

MS.

treatise entitled

matice

flores

presens liber insinuabit."

XIV.

cent.,

MS. 1619,

f.

98.

Catal. vol.

iii.p.

240.

XXvi
in

PREFACE.
;

called Miravallis or

Warwickshire was first suggested there was a monastery in Champagne Mureau, in the duchy of Bar; and a Cistercian convent
Johannes de Garlondia in diccionario
scolastico.

near Milan also bore the name.*

5.

The writings of

this

author are of considerable interest to the antiquary, however debased

may

be the Latiuity of

liis

treatises,

once among the best elementary auxiliaries

It is

for the instruction of youth.

not without reason that Erasmus thus

bursts forth in contempt of the complicated sophistries of the Schools.

"

Deum immortalem
enarrabantur."

quale seculum erat hoc

quum magno

apparatu

disticha Joannis Garlandini adolescentibus operosis ac prolixis

tariis

commenin

The curious information, however, preserved

the Dictionarius of John de Garlandia, sometimes called de Gallandia or

Gerlandus,
period.

may

induce us to overlook the imperfect erudition of the

The work has been edited with care by M. Geraud in the " Collection de Documents inedits sur Thistoire de France,"'' and subsequently by Mr. Thomas Wright in a valuable vokime of Vocabularies edited by him, and published at tlie expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer.'^ It commences
thus,

" Dictionarius
authors

dicitur libellus iste a dictionibus magis necessariis

scolaris,"

quas tenetur quilibet

mediffival

&c.
are

The statements
contradictory in

of

writers
to

on
the

and

literatm^e

regard

period
native. in the

when John de Garlandia lived, and the country of which he was a M. Geraud came to the conclusion that he was born in France
eleventh century
that he travelled across tlie seas, returned to and there died he supposes that the Dictionarius was
;

his native country,

compiled toAvards the year 1200.

Pottier, in his notices of the

In this opinion

my learned friend Andre

Rouen which
is

MSS.

in the Public Library at

are under his care, was disposed to concur.

There

MS.

of the Diction-

ary in that collection, accompanied

l^y

other treatises

by John de Garlandia,
Tanner, however, and
pointed out a work entitled

inchiding his Liher Distigii mentioned hereafter.

"

AVhilst these pages

were

in the press, Sir F.

Madden has

"

Campus Florum/' by Tliomas

>

Guallensis, of which see a notiee infra, p. Ixxiii.

le

It

is

subjoined to the volume entitled, Paris sous Philippe

p.

Bel; Paris, 1838,

Appendix,

580.
i.;

Library of National Antiquities, &c., vol.

p.

Vocabularies edited by Mr.

Thomas

Wright, F.S.A.,
glosses;
it

120.

The

text here printed

is

accompanied by numerous English

has been taken from Cott. MS. Titus, D. xx. collated with Harl. MS. 1002, it oceurs with the " Liber vocatus Equus sive Caballus," another treatise attributed, as above stated, to John de Garlandia.
f.

176, where

PREFACE.
some other writers
affirm that he

XXvii

was an Englishman, who studied at

Oxford, and subsequently establishcd himself in the University of Paris

early in the thirteenth century

but he returned

to Pai-is,

in 1229 he became a professor at Toulouse, and probably died there soon after 1250. He de;

dicated his treatise "

De

mysteriis

rerum que sunt

in ecclesia," of

which

a notice will be found hereafter, to Fulke Basset, Bishop of London 12411259.

Mr. Wright has entered more fuUy into the history of John de

Garlandia in the Introduction to his poem

Dictionarius above mentioned.''^

De

triumphis Ecclesie edited for

the Eoxburghe Club, and also in an introductory note in the edition of the
Ile expresses the conclusion, to

which

had

been likewise led

to incline, that these treatises

should be assigned to the

early part of the thirteenth century.

The author

of the

Promptorium has drawn

so Largely

upon

these obscure

reUcs of mediteval learning that the vexed questious connected with John

de Garlandia, and the precise period

treatises

when he wrote

these grammatical

once so highly esteemed, are not devoid of interest.

Upon

this

point of literary history, however, the evidence has been conclusively

summed up by

the Rev. J. E. B.

Mayor
cited.'^

in a dissertation in the Journal of

Philology which I have ah-eady

patriotic attempt of

Mr. Mayor observes that " the

viii. 83) to estabUsh the French descent of Johannes de Garlandia has been defeated by the fairness of a later editor of that noble work, M. Victor le Clerc {ihid. xxi. 3G9), who has also proved that Johannes lived, not in the eleventh

Dom

Rivet (Hist. Litt. de la France,

century, as Gcraud maintained as late as 1837, but amid

stir of the thirteenth.

tlie

intellectual
Ecclesia;,'

For, in a

poem

entitled

'

De Triumphis

portions of which have been printed

by Mr. Wright, he thus

. . .

at once

acknowledges and repudiates his native land

*

Vocabularies, &c., Library of National Antiquities, vol,

i.

p.

120, privately priuted,

1857.

Besides tbe dissertation of

in

M. Geraud (Docum.

inedits, ut supra) notices of

Garlandia may be found

et inf. Lat. lib. vii.;

numerous works on mediajval

literature

Fabric. Bibl.
p.

Jobn de med.
Cange,

Tanner, Bibl. Brit. p. 309; France

s.

Litt.,

t. viii.

96

Du

Preface to his Glossary,

45; Leyser, p. 339, &c.

M. G^raud
title

states that the dictionary

above noticed was printed at Caen in 1508, under the

" Joh. de Garlandia Vocavol. iv.

bularium sive vocum ad artes pertinentium expositio."

^
<=

Latin-English and English-Latin Lexicography, Journal of Philology,

Essays on
tlie

March 1857.
vol.
i.

Literature of

England

in the

Middle Ages; Lond. 1846,

;

p.

215.

The poem is preserved in Cott. MS. Claudius, A. x. f. 86 edited for the Roxburghe Club by Mr. Wright, as mentioned in

and the whole hasbeen

the text above.

XXVlll

PREFACE.
Anglia cui mater fuerat, cui Gallia nutrix,

Matri nutricem prsefero mente meam.

Another poem,

'

De

Mysteriis
*

Ecclesige,'

published
.

entire
.

by

Otto,

commemorates the death of that Gemma Aula decens morum, redolens velut area
and
is

pudicitise

flos philosophiae,

florum,'

Alexander of Hales,

dedicated to
as

Fulco Bishop
tells

of London.
us, died in

Now

the irrefragable

doctor,

Johannes himself

1245, and Fulke Basset

retained his see, spite of the need and greed of

King and Pope, from

1244 to 1259. Again, the triumph of the church which Johannes commemorates at greatest length is the Albigensian crusade (De Triumphis Ecclesise, iv. v. vi), and in his Dictionary he tells us that he saw at Toulouse, among other engines of war, that by which Simon de There can no longer, 1 apprehend, be any Montfort was killed in 1218." question as regards the period to which we should assign an author, in
whose productions,
quary
will
still

trifling as their

grammatical vahie

may

be, the anti-

find,

and more particularly

in his Dictionarius, a large

amount of recondite information. 6. Commentarius CuriaUum.

collection of treatises principally

This

curious little work is found in a by John de Garlandia, to whom it is also

there attributed, preserved in the Library of Caius College, Cambridge."

I

acknowledge with pleasure the kindness of the Master and Fellows in

entrusting to

me

that valuable MS., w-hich has proved of no slight advan-

tage in the present undertaking.

The Commentarius, of which no other

;

copy has come under

^

my

observation, consists of six leaves

it is

written
This

Catalogue of

MSS.

in

Caius College Library, by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 385.

volume,

"Ex

doiio Magistri Rogeri Marchallej^contains, besidesthe

Commentarius, "Dic" Sacerdos ad

cionarius Magistri Johannis de Garlandia,

altare accessurus," &c., treating of sacred

cum commento;" commencing,

and
civil

vestmentsand ornaments;
law, &c.

grammar,

logic,

arithmetic, ecclesiastical

" Accentarius

also of certain sciences,

ejusdem.

Diccionarius
(Volume
ecclesie per

alius

ejusdem sub

alia

forma;" the same as that printed by Mr. Wright

and by M. Geraud (Docum. Inedits). " De misteriis eundem Johannem de Garlandia;" commencing, "Anglia quo fulget:" also a " Compendium gramatice per eundem," in verse, commencing " Gramaticam trivialis apex subjicitsibi fermo;" and " Morale scolarium per eundem," in verse. In tlie Histoire Litteof Vocabularies, p. 120),

raire de la France, tom.

viii.

p. 96, three distinct dictionaries are attributed to

John de Gar-

landia.

Of

these, tvvo, doubtless, are

found in the volume here described; the third may

be the compilation of similar nature entitled Commentarius.

PREFACE.
in double columns, in a small neat

XXIX

hand of the thirteenth century, with

liber iste curialium

marginal explanations and interlinear glosses by a second scribe in paler

ink.
It

commences,

"

Commentarius

personarum

et

rerum

et

vocabulorum preorditur," and ends

ii^.cc^.^O".

as followe,

"

Hec

edita sunt

parysius sub venerabili cancellario parysius Galtero de castello Theodorici,

anuo domini
in the style

sexto gloriosum et admirabilem partum beate Marie

If,

Virginis demonstrante."

as appears

most probable,

this tract, written

and manner of the .Dictionanushy John de Garlandia previously

pen, this colophon
in regard to the

noticed, can be recognised with certainty as from his

and date

at its close supply fresh

and conclusive evidence

disputed question of the period

when he

wrote, and agree perfectly with

the circumstances mentioned hereafter in regard to his

riis ecclesie,''

work " de Mystefirst

and

its

dedication to Fulke, Bishop of London, in the

half of the thirteenth century.

The Commeniarius Curialium seems

social life at that period.

well

deserving of being printed, as illustrative not only of language but of

manners aud customs, and of

moreover
torium.
7.
full

of French words explanatory of Latin terms of

considerable portion are found scattered

The text is which a through the pages of the Prompfulget (quo fulget,

Libellus misteriorum qui dicitur Anglia que

Prompt. Winch. MS.) a

treatise is

Among works
p.

attributed to

John de Garlandia
Anglia quo tendis tua

mentioned by Bale,
gives the

153, on the authority of Bostonus

1.

Buriensis, entitled " Mysteriorum Ecclesise, lib.

dum."

Pits, p.

184,
title

same
it.

line

as

the

commencement
it

of a

work with the

thus slightly varied, "

De

mysteriis Ecclesiee:" he
in his list of the
title

mentions also a commentary upon

writings of Garlande.*

Leyser includes
treatise

copy of a metrical

with a similar

but commencing "Anglia quo fulget," msijhe found in Cott. MS. Claudius A. VIII. f. 204b., concluding thus, "Lucida terribulum redolem carapana
sonora;" and there
chiefly
is

also a

copy in a collection of grammatical tracts

by John de Garlandia in Caius CoIIege Library, Cambridge.'' The prefatory lines commence thus
:

Polycarpi Leyseri Hist. poetarum med.

is

aevi,

Halse, 1721, p. 311.

The poem " De

Gissensis, 1842,

Mysteriis Ecclesi"

given by Otto,

Comment.
xiii.

Crit. in

Codd. Biblioth.

pp. 86, 131-151.

^

No. 385,

f,

163, possibly late sac.

This curious collection has been previously

CAMD. SOC.

XXX
Aiiglia

PKEFACE.
quo
fulget,

quo gaudent presule

claroi

Londonie, quo parisius scrutante sophiam

P^lorebat studium, basis aurea fulgide fulco,

Firme

justicie misteria suscipe sacre,

Cuncte studio distincta metroque Jobannis.

In the margin

is

written

"

de Karlandia

(^sic)

seipsum

et

opus

are interlinear glosses as

vvell as

Domino F. episcopo London. Magister J, suum de misteriis ecclesie." There marginal comments by a later hand over
;

basis ain-ea in the third line is to

be read "alludit nomiui suo," namely

Basset. This

work is a mystical explanation in hexameter verse of rites of the

literature, as regards the time

church, vestments and appliances of sacred use, &c.

nion

among writers on medijeval

The

The difFerence of opiwhen John de

been
fol-

Garlandia lived and the country of which he was a native, has been already
noticed.

assertion of Pits, that he

was born
;

in England, has

lowed by Fabricius, Moreri, and

the
that the friend of a bi^hop of

Du

Cange

and, although the dedication of

poem which I have here noticed is doubtless insufhcient evidence to prove London was hiniself an Englishman, yet it
sufHce to

may

show

that the author

was coutemporary with a distinguished

so named is found earlier than Fulke Basset, who was elected in 1241, and died in 1259.-'' It would thus appear that John de Garlandia lived in the thirteenth century, which the

prelate of that see

named Fulke, and none

evidence previously noticed tends also to prove, and not in the early part
of the eleventh century, as stated
Litteraire de la Frauce.

by the Benedictines

in the Histoire

to

Merarius. In a volume of grammatical tracts mostly attributed Johannes de Garlandia, preserved in the Library at Caius CoIIege, Cambridge, as already noticed, I find appended to the " Diccionarius
8.

noticed.

Cataiogue of

MSS.

in Caius College Library,

A copy among Arehbishop

Parker's

MSS. C.C.C. Cant.

is

by the Rev. J. J. Smith, p. 179. described by Nasmyth, " Carmen

ad Fulconem Episcopum Londoniensem de Ritibus Ecclesiastieis." MS. CL. No. 4. M. Geraud, Paris sous Philippe le Bel, Append. p. 583, adverts to this poem by Johu
de Garlandia, but he observes that it is not known who the bishop in question was, his name being indicated only by the initial F. He is, however, identified by the gloss in the MS. above described, The argument thlt the author was born in France, because the name de Garlandia, possibly from a place so called in Brie, is French rather than
English, does not prove that he was not a native of this country, or of a family established
in Englarid,

PREFACE.
eum comento
"

XXXI
-vvith

by
is

that author, a short tract

an elaborate

gloss.'*

second copy

also found in the sarae library,

foUowing the tract

enti-

tled Distigius

or Distigiura^^ attributed to the

little relic

same

writer, as hereafter

noticed.
to

That

of barbarous Latinity,
initiate the

darken knowledge than to

unlearned,

which seems suited rather may probably have

been composed by John de Garlandia, although his name does notappear,

and

have not succeeded in discovering the tract in question in any cataIt

logue of his productions.

commences

thus,

" Merarii nuper

cintillanti

jubare pannidensi rejecta diployde macellam ex bisso subuculam

recino duntaxat influo oloserico."

cum

commentary gives the following explanation of the title of the work. " Merarii, etc. Hecmerariaet hec merenda est comestio qui manducatur in meridie," &c.'^ On comparing sonie of the Latin words that occur in the Promptorium with a refegloss or

The

rence to Merarius or to the Glossa Merarii, as the authority,

all in this treatise,

I find
It

theni

which therefore

is

doubtless that thus cited.

should

seem that Merarius signifies the noon-tide time of the day, when it was usual to partakeof a "nunchion"or noon-meal. (See Nunmete, e?i//a,
p. 360.) Whether the title of the treatise, however, was intended to refer in any manner either to the light of mid-day, or to the tiraely nourishment

then dispensed,

cannot venture to

affii'm.

As

a specimen of

enigmatical contents, the following paragraph

may

be cited:

" Arpaco

its

almost

hinc repente mihi pseudofania phalam efFetavit in campitro machinatam, in

projecto
9.

monobatem,

in yperliminario diapennem."

Distigius.

In one of the
me
I find,

volumes in the Library of Caius College,

mentioned by the Master and Fellows
writings

Cambridge, entrusted to
to aid

as before

my

researche^,

among grammatical

by John de

Garlandia and other writers, a treatise consisting of 42 hexameter lines

thus entitled, "

Opus

istud dicitur Distigium, a dia, duo, et stigos, versus,

quia in duobus versibus comprehendet autor totam sentenciam proverbialem."

nations.

There are a voluminous gloss

It

in Latin

and a few interlinear expla-

commences
MSS.
at
is

thus, " Cespitat (anglice, stumlyt) in phaleris ippus

61.

Catal. of

Caius Coll. Camb. by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 385,

fol.

The

tract above noticed

" *

not mentioned, however, in the de.scription of this curious volume.

Ibid.

No. 136,

fo.

51 verso.
I

So

also in the
est

Ortus Vocabuiorum
liber."

find these words

" Merarius,

i.

meridianus.

Merarius,

quidem

XXXU
(i.

PREPACE.

equus) blattaque (i. purpura) supinus (t. superbus).*" This MS. is probably of the close of the thirteenth century. There exist other MSS. of this
has been attributed to John de Garlandia it has been printed by Mr. Wright in the collection of vocabularies published by Mr. Mayer.'' The text there given, accompanied by numerous English glosses, is taken
tract, Avhich
;

from Harl. MS. 1002,

eariier date.

fol.

113,

scec.

xv., but the text

is

probably of

At the end

is Avritten,

" explicit liber equus caballus;" and

is

henceitmay be conjectured
in the

that Distigius

the same treatise as that cited

See p. xxxv. infra. This curious vocabulary contains a considerable proportion of words adopted from the Greek,

Promptoriiim as

^'liberequi.'^

and in one of the MSS.

I find

the following observation, " Intencio est que-

dam vocabula ex

Grecis extorta provectis proferre, et etiam fatuis et stolidis

sciant."'^

qui volunt esse magistri antequam

10. Robertus Kylwarbi.
as " garrulus

Of

this

vohiminous writer, described by Bale

sophista,"

ample notices have been given by writers who

England, educated
at Paris

have treated of the eminent men andthe literature of the thirteenth century.^

He was
MSS,
in this

a native of

and Oxford;
fo.

Catal. of

Caius CoU. Canib. by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 136,

after the

45.

It
is

occurs

volume immediately

Dicclonanvs of John de Garlandia, and

followed by the treatise entitled Mcrarius described above.

^

Library of National Antiquities, &c., publislied at the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer,
vol.
i.

F.S.A.
'

p. 174.

Among

Sir
,

Thomas Bodley's MSS.

there

is

a copy entitled " Liber Ditigii

{sic),

hoo

est disticha 21

in

quibus ex destinato plures voces e Greeo fonte derivatae occurrunt,

sed addita in margine expositione Anglica."

See the Catal. MSS. Anglise,

t.

i.

p.

135,

No. 2562, 67. Aniong the MSS. in the Conventual Library at Peterborough there was " Liber Distigii Glosatus." Gunton's Peterb. p. 205. This metrical treatise may
have been sometimes desiguated by another
to
title,

John de Garlandia by Bale,

Pits,

and other

writers,

and be identical with that ascribed namely " Cornutum sive disticha."
Cornutus antiquus
is

Haenel, CataL MSS.,

et

p. 531, mentions a novus;" also " Distichium sive cornutus."

f.

MS.

at Basle entitled "

copy

in the British

Museum, Arund.

MS. 243,
manica
et

343, " Cornutus, sive disticba hexametra moralia

cum

interpretatione Ger-

commentario Latino."
{sic)

Garlandria

was printed

at

The "Expositio disticii seu Cornuthi," by Mag. Jo. de Hagenau in 1489. Hain, Repert. Bibl., vol. ii. p. 436.
is

It should be noticed that

Johannes Destigius, an author of English origin,

mentioned

by

Pits, p.

873,

writings of
d

who wrote a work Neccham and Brito.

ii.

" Super Vocabulis Sacrorum Bibliorum;" following the

Leland,t.

p.

286; Bale,
p,

p.

334; Pits,
is

p.

357; Cave.p. 735; Godwin de Pras. p. 136;

''

Ant.

Wood; Tanner,

455.

His name

written " Chiluuardebius

by Leland.

PREFACE.
he became Provincial of the Dominican Order in England
being made a cardinal by Nicholas
Viterbo, as
it
;

xxxiii

was nominated Archbishop of Canterbury by Gregory X. in 1272; resigned the see on

III. in

1278; and died shortly

his

after at

numerous works enumerated by Pits and Tanner there are several grammatical and other treatises which may have supplied materials to the compiler of the Promptorium, such as the *' Tractatus de ortu scientiarum," of which copies exist in Cott. MS. Vitell. A. i., f. 173 in the Bodleian library among the
alleged,

was

by

poison.

Among

Digby MSS.;

in the college libraries of

Merton and

Balliol,

and elsewhere.

He

wrote commentaries on Priscian's treatise

Aristotle.

De Constructione, on Donatus,

and on various works of

11.

Alexander Neccham.
or

full

account of the voluminous writings of

of his time,
is

Neckam

Neccham, one of the most erudite scholars

given

by Leland, Pits, Tanner, and other writers on the literary history of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was a native of Hertfordshire, born
at or

near

St.

Alban's about

a.d.

1157, and pursued his studies in the

his learning

schools of France and Italy,

where

was held

in

high estimation.

In 1215 he became Abbot of Cirencester; he died at Worcester in 1217.

His principal works were theological. Hecompiled also atreatise " De rerum
naturis," a
*'

Repertorium Vocabulorum," an " Elucidarium Bibliothecse,"

difficult

explanatory of

words in the Scriptures; also a

first

treatise entitled

" Isagoge ad Artes."

priores," has recently

The

of these, namely "

.

De

naturis

rerum

libri

duo

been edited by

Mr Wright for the series

of Chronicles

and Memorials of Great Britain published under the direction of the Master of the RoIIs. It was, however, as I believe, from the treatise "De nominibus
Utensilium " of Alexander Neccham that the compiler of the Promptorium derived a large number of Latin words. That curious little work
has been given by Mr. Wright, in the coUection of Vocabularies to which
I

have already made frequent reference, from Cotton. MS. Titus D. xx.,
interlinear English glosses.*

a copy written about the close of the thirteenth century, and accompanied

by

The

text has been collated with two other

MSS.

in the Imperial Library at Paris.''

There was a copy

in the cathedral
&c. published at

Volume

of Vocabularies from the tenth to the fifteenth century,

the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer, F.S.A.

Among numerous words occurring in the Promptorium with references to Neccham, nd likewise found in the treatise " De Utensilibus " given by Mr. Wright, may be cited,
*

XXXI

PREFACE.
is

library at "Worcester, wliere the author, -vvho

said

to

have been an
His

intimate friend of Sylvester de Evesham, bishop of that see, and to have died at the episcopal palace at Kemsey, was buried in the cloisters.

mutilated effigy

is still
:

pointed out.
is

This manuscript

is

now

unfortunately

not to be found

there

a copy in the library at Caius College,

Cam-

bridge, another at St. Peter's College in the

same University f and

at

Oxford

a valuable copy with a French gloss exists at St. John's

College,

MS.

No. clxxviii. 23.

,

The works enumerated

in the foregoing

list,

as the principal authorities

consulted by the compiler of the Promptorium, Avere not, however, the only
sources from which the materials of his dictionary were derived.
It

may

be of some interest to collect the scattered notices that occur under various
words, since they indicate not only the grammatical or other treatises with

which the recluse

to

friar of

Lynn was

conversant, but they

may

also serve

shew the resources of conventual libraries in the fifteenth century. Mr. Hingeston has pointed out, from the number of rare and valuable works

referred to in Capgrave's Chronicle,

how

extensive a store of learning must

at

have been treasured up in the library of the Austin Friars

it is

Lynn,

and

probable that the library of the ueighbouring convent of the Dominiless

cans was not

cited; thus

copiously provided.

Tlie

works of Aristotle are repeatedly

found " Bomolochus,'^ Arisunder " DuUarde," p. 135,
" Egidius super

under the word " Dysowre,"

the same treatise

p. 122, is
is

toteles in Ethicis;"

cited

and, iinder " Deffe or dulle," p. 116, reference occurs to Aristotle " in politicis."

Under

" Telte," p. 488,

is

found a reference

to

rhetoricam Aristotelis."

The
cited

" Historia Scholastica,"

doubtless the po-

pular work of Peter Comestor, a celebrated theological writer of Troyes in

the twelfth century,
is

under " Fyyr forke,"

p.

IGl, and " Prynce

" Garbage of fowlys; entera, vel exto," p. 186 (compare Mr. "\Vright's edition, p. 97); " Jovvpe, garment; yujsa," p. 275 (Wright, p. 98) Latche or snekke; pessula," p. 283 (compare Wright, p. 110)^ " Perre, drynke; piretum," p. 394 (compare Wright, p. 98).
;

Catal.

MSS.

Angliae, pp. 119, 148; compare Catal. of

MSS.

at

Gonville and Caius

College by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 136.

*

Chronicle of England, by John Capgrave, edited for the Series of Chronicles and
to Introd. p. 370.

Memorials of Great Britain by the Rev. F. C. Hingeston; App.

The word word used by Vocabulorum:

<=

in Harl.

MS. 221
i.

is

written Homolochus.

Beu/^okoxos, a

low

jester, is

" Bomolochus,

Aristotle,

Ethics, N. 4, 8, 3,

and

also
:

by Aiistophanes.
i.

Compare Ortus

scurra (a brawler)

Bomolochia,

scurrilitas."

PREFACE.
of prestys," p. 413.

XXXV
are given as the authority for

The "
''

Vitaj

Patrum "*
''

the Latia words occurring under

will

be found to the

Horologium
diviiie,

Gylle, lytylle pot," p. 194. Referonce divine sapiencie " under " Amuce of an
title

hare," p. 11, probably the treatise with that

nican preacher and ascetic

;

by the celebrated DomiHenry de Suson it was translated into French and English, and was printed by Caxton. Pits, however, ascribes to John Wilton, a monk of Westminster, c. 13G0, a treatise entitled " Horologium Sapientias," commencing " Sentite de Domino." The name of an author whom I have not succeeded in
of the fourteenth century,
caldellum,''''

identifying occurs under "Cawdelle;

p. 64,

where

it

is

said

" hoc

nomen

habetiu- in commentario Johannis de Gara."

Under "Feest;

agapes," p. 158, are fouud the foUowing, "Nota, de

tione xUj. Si quis
;

et

Raymundus,
part of the

lib. iii. tit. iv."

Agape in Jure, distincTheformer of these is

a reference to the

first

printed editions exist; the latter to the

Decretum of Gratian, of which several Summa by the Dominican RaiAgain, under another
p.

mundus de
it

Pennaforte, compiler of the Decretals.

word, "Frogge or froke, munkys abyte;^ocMS, in Jure, libro vj.;"

is

179,

probable that

we have a

reference to the Decretals.

References to

" Greg' in dialog." deserve notice; the

work

in question being probably the

Dialogues of St. Gregory the Great, of which several early translations exist. At p. 483 Avill be found " Swerd berare sjmtarius, Greg' in dialog." and in
;

the Winchester
I

MS. "Schyppe,

boote; carabus, secundum Greg' x. dialog."

Matyn at the chesse; mato, ij. "Matynge at the chesse; matacio, in libro iij. de dominis, cap. ij.;" p. 239. Under " Leterone" we find a Latin term for a lectern or desk, disaus, given as "secundum li. equi," posalso

may

here notice the following: "

ij.^^^^and

libro de tribus dietis, cap.

sibly, as

has been already suggested, the metrical vocabulary entitled " Liber

JEquus Caballus,^' given by Mr. Wright

*

among

the Vocabularies published

to St.

The " De

Vitis

SS. Patrum liber " has been attributed

Jerome, but hereon

doubtless,
lives

the learned have been rauch at variance.

Oudin,

t. i.

p. 851.

The work was

as Bellarmine and others have observed, compiled from several authors.

These

have been frequently printed; they were translated into several languages.

translation
his life,

by Caxton from the French, finished, as the colophon states, on the last day of was printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1495. Dibdin, Typog. Ant. vol. ii. p. 43.
^

Mr.

W.

S.

Walford, to whose valuable suggestions

have very often been indebted,

has pointed out that

among

the books of Charles V.

is

" Liber detribus

dietis,"

but there

no clue
p. 81.

to

King of France, 1409, occurs a what may have been the subject of it.

See Bibliotheque Pi'ototypographique,

XXXVl
by Mr. Mayer.*
Grownde,"
p.

PREFACE.
Boetius
is

cited in the Wincliester

463.

The work may have been

his treatise "

MS. under " Sokynge De Consola-

De disciplina scolarium." Fabr. Bibl. Lat. The import of the reference occurring as follows has been sought in vain. "Damasyn, frute; coquineUa, secundum Levasey ;" p. 113; the citation of that authority here occurs only in the Winchester MS. "Hummynge reuma, secundum Levsay," p. 253; "Knast or gnaste of a kandel; emunctura, secundumLevsay,"p. 277.** I have been unsuccessful also in identifying the
;

tione Philosophica," or that "

author cited as Ricardus under the words " Cyndyr,''

p.

p. 78,

and " Wylke,"

528

or the signification of the following reference found in the

Win-

chester

MS. only

" Sete for worthy

?).

menn;

orcestra, vel orcistra,

secundum

ciide" (or cundys

It

may

deserve notice that Galfridus gives, as English Avords, " Caton,"

doubtless the Disticha attributed to Dionysius Cato, " Faceet," a popular

supplement to that work, and " Donet," the grammar most in use in the
middle ages, composed by ^lius Donatus in the fourth century.
notes,
s. V.,

See the

pp. 63, 127.

We

find also several service-books, Antiphoner,

namely ihe portiforium orbreviary for apriest, &c. word may not be undeserving of notice: " Seventene, septem decem, vel decem et septem secundum correcciones fratrum predicatorum," or, according to the reading of another MS. " Cevyntene,
Grail, Missal, "Poortos,"

The

following

secundum nostram correccionem septem et decem." In not quite clear what may be the meaning of the word
of the

this passage it is
correccio, Avhether

the rule (disciplina) of the Order, or some emendation of the original

MS.

Promptorium remaining in the possession of the friars. The copies prove on coUation to present numerous variations not merely in spelling, but in regard to words both English and Latin added or omitted, and moreover certain words are supplied by the text printed by Pyuson which I have not found in any MS. III. I will now enumez'ate the MSS. and editions of the work. 1. The MS. which has been selected as the Text of tlie present edition
is

the Harleian
*

MS. No.

221.

It is

a small quarto of 205 leaves of parch-

Library of National Antiquities, published at the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer,

i.

F.S.A., vol.
^

Vocabularies,

p.

175.
scryftys; audire confessiones,

See also " Schryvyn or here

to

grammaticam ;"
Levsay."

which

in

the Winchester

MS.

is

nichil aliud inveni per added, " scapulagito, secundnm

The

like reference occurs

under "Tninchon, wyrme."

JintL<!/t

Miseum. Harl.MS 221 lol 7 verso.

cii^t ixtCi

~txL

^na, c^
.^'"^

(tiMcot^

^ vbii 4cfiiiir

^iit^^^cti^.^^fhlci nxiBdtr

^^iU^^tSi^ ^ttnrii */"

^biifit^yiiozljdncjAcitt^^

^l?rih?^^

dm eapAribt^btav

^tipaltjdiPie ttc^^-PSz*^

C^i^^iO tlCll tvTi ^

^itctxjzie

mafF^ ^^hi^t^

W^^^i^tkpM^Z attdiuvit

dVcf

Acw^cS J4i^ jilctil tn tSc^uII

?cnc^

^ttVjfiCCC^ |iritr^

A (gtttVfl

(Tl

Ard\vt\t<^

^"tjpV^*^p^e.
^fi/W

^yiOAeAn >1 m f> , nx^^dj^' *ti>crtOA:S t^tn ^

-^ fceclmdt^|irv^

(l^.

J^^^^c^p^ 'Tacszja : ulk.

PREFACE.
ment
is

XXXVl

in excellent preservation.

The

writing, of which a fac-simile isgiven,

;

probably not

much

later

than the date of the compilation

it is

in

two

columns, and carefully executed, distinct, and remarkably uniform throughout.

first

The

leaves measure

9 inches in height by 6^ in breadth.

The

twelve are rubricated, the initial letter of each line being in red.
also

The English words

checkword
at the

are underlined with the same

color.

few

errors and omissions have been araended.

Each quire of parchment has a

leaf,

lower corner of

its
i

last

and the Jeaves are numused

bered, the signatures running from

here and also throiighout the

MS.

A to r, Arabic numerals being A small portion is deficient, by

by Bishop Tanner

some

accidental oversight, namely in the verbs between Clyvyii and Cracchyii.

This
It is

MS. was

formerly in the possession of Sir Symonds D'Ewes, Bart.

is

doubtless the same which

noticed

(Bibl. Brit. p.

305, published in 1748). of the

On
is

the reverse of the fly-leaf at the beginning

is

MS.

the following note

written, " This

book belongs

to

Sir
to

Symonds Dews Library, and

ascertain whether
this

to

be restored."

have been unable

possessor of the

volume was the distinguished

In the of

statesman and antiquary of that name, compiler of the Journals of the

Parliament in the reign of Elizabeth: he died in 1650.

list

MSS.

in the possession of his

grandson, Sir Symonds D'Ewes, Bart. of

in 1685, I fiud "

Stow Langtoft Hall,

Suffolk,

who succeeded

An

ancient

Latin-English Dictionary written about the year 1440," the volume pro-

bably now under consideration, but inadvertently described as LatinEnglish instead of English-Latin.*
that the valuable library at

There cau,however, be
this

little

doubt
part,

Stow Langtoft, of which

MS. formed

had been collected by the eminent and Cotton.

scholar, the friend of Selden, Spelman,

On

the fly-leaf at the beginning of the Harl.

MS.

is

paper, with the

barker."''
I

name probably

of

a former owner,

"

pasted a slip of
liber

hugonis

may
Catal.

here repeat the observation previously

I

made

that this valuable

MS., although as

believe from internal evidence only a transcript, has

t, ii.

MSS.

Angliae,

p. 387.

On

the leaf at the end are

for

some medical

receipts

" M. Breuse Laec me docuit.

A
soverane medicynne for

Holsome herbes

the potte in tempore pestilencie, &c.

;

the swetynge sekenesse

^

secundum niagistrum Walterum

p. v. ante.

Hylle,''''

&c.

See Advertisement,

CAMD.

SOC.

XXXYlll

PREFACE.
tlie

been selected for tbe groundwork of the present editiun, as supplying

earliest,

most ample, aud most correct text among the MSS. of the work

\vhich have

come iinder mj observation. The original by the author's hand has not been brought to light, and there are numerous indications of The age of .-ilterations in spelHng and other minutia? by the transcriber. the transcript, however, may entitle it to be considered as that which
most
faithfuliy represents the original text;
it

contains a

much

greater

number

of words than are found in any other

MS. or

in Pynson's

and subis

sequent editions; in addition to*this a synonyni or explanatory phrase

frequently found in the

HarL MS., contributing

I\IS.

to elucidate the significa-

tion of sonie archaism wliich in the other texts

2.

is

comparatively obscure.

Fragment
of the

of a coj v in Harl.
;

2,274, from wliich a few various

readings have been obtiuned

tliey are in

each instance indicated by

tlie

number

ISIS.

It

contains portious of the letters G.

H. M. N. and

H.; and more nearly re&embles the text of Pynson's printed edition than any of the other MSS. The termination of tlie verbs is written -ynge,
as in
3.

Grawntynge, &c.

MS. preserved

in tlie Library of King's College,

Cambridge

(class

mark, No. 8); a thin volume containing 75 leaves of parchment; dimenThe writing is in double columiis, in a good sions 12 inches by 8 inchcs.
Jegible

hand of

fihe

latter part of the fifteenth century,

and very uniforin

letter in the

throughout the book.

The

initials at the

beginning of each

alphabetical arrangemeut are painted with bright opaque blue, and have

rubricated marginal flourishes, as shown in the facsimile.

of the last leaf the donor
is

On the reverse thus recorded, " Dedit CoIIegio Regali Sam.

The name, probably,
of a previous pos-

Thoni*s ibidem Socius 1684."^

sessor
is

written on a fly-Ieaf at the beginniug, " Rob't london," and repeated

on the

last leaf, in

the same hand, " Rob't london nuper de Aldeby in Com.

"

NorfF. ar."''

The names,

Thomas Wyndham,"

" Joh'es

Buckenham," and

" John Bayspoole," occur also in the volume.

^

Saniuel Thomas, possibly the donor of this book, was appointed prebendary of Wells,
3,

Aug.
^

1681.
edit.

His suceessor in the

.^tall

(Complon Bishop) was appointed

in

1G91.

Le Xeve,

Hardy.
of this naine lived, according to Blomefield (Hist. Norf. vol.
lease of the priory
viii. p.

The family

4) at

Aldby or Aldeburgh, and had a

tach of whoni hore the

manor.

He

mentions three persons,

in Ruccessive generations, living there about the sixteeuth century

and subsequently,

name

of Robert

London.

PREFACE.
In tbe present edition
collation of this
4.
all varioiis

XXXIX

readings and additions obtained hy

letter

MS.

are indicatcd

by the

(K).
;

MS.

in the Chapter Library,

Winchester Cathedral

on paper, con-

sisting of
is

in

114 leaves; dimensions 13| inches by 10 inches.'' The -writing The double cohimns, in a bold clear hand without any rubrication.

text resembles that of Harl.

MS. 221, but

it

is

by no means

identical;

some words which occur

in the other IMSS. or in the edition printed

by

Pynson, but are not in the Harh MS., being here found.

Clyvtn
from

or ryvyn to

Cowryn,

inclusive, accidentally

The verbs from omitted in the Harh

MS.fOccur here, and theyhave been supplied

this

in the present edition chiefly

MS.

The

errors of the scribe are few

and of shght importance;

In regard to certain pecu-

a few words are omitted, and some transposed.

liarities in spelling,

Inoticed woke for oke, wold for old, &c.; awynsweryn,

byyndyn, chawynce, dawynce, fesawynt, grawyntyn, parchemyyn, plyawynt, &c.; rygthe, myth, nygthe, wygthe; also

hwy
The
]>

for
is

why, hwat

for

what; an happel, hirkyn

variably used, and

for irk,

and the Hke.

often but not infine relic of the

many words

are written with th.

This
"

ancient conventual hbrary contains the " Liber Catonis

with other tracts,

and

after the "

It

ExpHcit

" of several of these is

written " Q'

M. W.

Grene."

was

in the possession of

Thomas

Sylkestede, Prior of

Win-

chester about 1498, a liberal benefactor to the fabric of the Cathedral, the
friend of Bishop Fox, to

whom
is

he rendered assistance in founding Corpus

Christi College, Oxford; he died in 1524.

beginning of the volume

iiij

written

On

a leaf of parchment at the

'*

Liber T. Sylkestede, prec.

d.,"

and lower on the page in a smaller hand

written

is

xiij

s.

*'

Anno domini
diffe-

M.cccc. iiij^^ xiiij" (1494).

end

is

" Constat Thome

Wyntou.

On

the reverse of one of the fly leaves at the

Sylksted,'' to

which
Iste

added in
est de
sit."

rent ink " Supprioris," the book having possibly belonged to

viously to his election to that ofHce.

Sancti Swythini

Also

"

him

pre-

liber

domo

Qui eum ahenaverit Anathema

its

On

second fly-Ieaf the record of

chester
*

having belonged

to the

monastery of Win-

is

repeated

also the date m.cccc. iiij"v.

(1485) the Anathema,

This fine volume

is

in perfect

preservation, in the original oak boards covered with

leather.

The

contents, besiues the Promptorium, are

Liber Catonis, Liber Equivocorura,

and Liber Aniani,

Parvum

Doctrinale, or Liber de Parabolis Philosophiac, Liber Theodoii,

thc last consisting of fables in hexameter and pentameter verse.

xl

FKEFACE.
legible, whicli

and a few words scarcely

noticed; he

may

be read

" Ex providencia

Willelmi Greue," wliose name occurs repeatedly elsewhere as before

may have been

all

either the scribe or the donor.

In the present edition

various readings and additions obtained by

coUation of this

MS.

are indicated

by

the letter (S).

It is

with grateful
liberality of

satisfaction that I

would express

my

ackuowledgment of the

the
of

Dean and Chapter iu Mr, Vaux, a volume

assistance iu

entrusting to me, through the friendly mediation

of such value, and from which I have derived

much
5.

my

undertaking.

MS.

in the library of Sir

Thomas

Phillipps, Bart., collated,

by
is

his
It

kind permission, at Middle HiU (No. 8306, Heber Library No. 1360).
is

on paper, dimeusions 11 inches by

iuitials

8g-

inches.

The writing

in

double cokimns in a small neat haud of the close of the fifteenth century

with rubricated

the English words are underUued with red.

to
p.

The
is

Promptorium extends
as in other

166.

On

the

first

column of

p.

167

written iu red ink, " ExpUcit Uber dictus Promtorius Paruulorum," &c.

MSS. aud immediately after, " Brooke owyt yis Boke hoso The name of this former owner, " Joh'es Broke," occurs repeatedly, also '' Thomas Wade," and, iu a haudwritiug of later date Henry Sherbrooke." On the second or right-hand cohimn ( ? xvii. sasc), of p. 167 commences the Latiu-EugUsh Dictiouary entitled " MeduUa
wyss]y loke."
'

Grammatice," aud written appareutly by the same scribe as the Promptorius.

It
is

imperfect in several parts,^ and ends with the word " Ticio,
fyre," p. 342.''

ouis, a

brond of

In this

MS. y

is

used instead of

J).

A
;

few

pecuUarities in speUing deserve notice, for instauce, almyhty, bryth, flyht,

feythtyu, lyth, syth, ryth, nyth, iustead of aUuyghty, bryght, &c.
qAvyl,

qwat,

qhyp, qhyth, &c. for what, whyle, whyppe, &c.

The verbs some-

times termiuate iu -ug, thus, " Betydyug, happyng."

In the present edition aU various readings and additious obtaiued by

coUation of this
6.

MS.

are indicated

MS.

in the British
hite

Ubrary of the
'

Mr.

S.

by the letter (H). Museum, Addit. MS. 22,556, formerly W. Singer, aud obtaiued by purchase in
:

in the
1858.*'

The following
;

portions are lost

to

from Bagge or poke

to

Byggyng
to

or thyng yat

is

^ygg.vi
^

from Hedcjte

Hool
is

aud from Mowar, or maker of mowys,

liv.

Mylkyn.
from

This MS. of the Medulla

described hereafter, see p.

'

Mr. Singer's

library

was

sold by Messrs. Sothehy,

Aug.

3,

1858.

am notaware

JSriiish^Jfiiseum.uiddvlzaTuzlJd^S.

ZZSS^.Jolw 73 verso

<t)'

^ne>

cu-piec^

^vifnt oz prttv

^^ ^^^^ to 6e
'cte

l^^vveincz oz jhfPztBncc
<?t?-fc/^^.//

'

StT^tuo-t^. tiu tuetc cn^i fhi tPcj- iict^ <Ibufbtuo.i0 c-ir <P,10. \6-

ct-

xP t^ /ttr

'

.//

T J^i^- ucAif'ictivn-

att^

;X:>dc^cnt Ot Cn^CAri^vu$-'^eicui&-<intf (^u^vc0'Cntf' ^troircr^ii^. ^ttt^ ^ta

;^

Siipczo.rae.-^AV'
vmcriz^ ccnhi Victn

^T^^Ti^

tTT^&iP' iititm<jVt0fl.n*ca^

f.n^. Vici

iS^^xDa^ctt^.tr
^Pcft^n

it^ ;j^^

jpc^^irj^mrg

ot^Cccu^^x
^tn
jj

<bn^ito

nxjAZO^' ati^^

^ OaP'

^t^^n(avm0'ini ^>f ^ f)^S^nt'2pa^\^a-nC'ftP'

//

^c^coictc^irfcttc^i^^m^^^^
V cttcu^n- (Ptnnto.tie onti^ Kn^t cxnijpTi^^-^ciP// 7tfcbvn 01 c^zcfRjn ^THptiin^
(^c^^utn-U 4tcttt^*^.ipictfUnii.a|y^j^^^

J^Bveu^ ^Sn^v-i^ue*

(l)'i-c^

&c^n O

yvr^tct^n ot caft bcn)'^6tHic vni.rncic B^iic^i^i Gtntu^lOlo^ xc m^ ftr^m th^neze nenM (tt^
?t^fw9i?ti' -^uvnctto.tieyxi^^Cx

mcvccddt 1 1 10

in|

-rtl/ ^* ctll^

ip^v'^

oP- <!tette

^^^iini0 ta-fvT.^oCc
/?

Rittta-t^-Hi

etc tcnoi .V ki

'

tr^^ -mnt^ <nc^

'nSiiv^s^^y' -| jpUcAtne-A ^lj Tp^^Cccz m^C^^c^^^^tv^^cCxe '^

i6fiCy%4c(^//
>fv(|^efntr <^ u^cCinc

^liftvvTtYi ncii?^:^- Oonht^

t^'C

^uvpi

nil&'tc^f'^- neniP.

PREFACE.
It is

xll
10-g inches

on parchment, 106 leaves, dimensions

is

by 7|

inches.

The

writing

of the close of the fifteenth century, in double columns, the

marked with a yellow stain instead of rubrication, as is not uncommonly seen in English MSS. of the fifteenth century. This is not shown in the fac-simile. This MS. is unfortunately imperfect it coramences with the word " Bowntevousnesse." Of many leaves only fragments
initial letters
;

remain, and
line

it

ends abruptly at
first

''

Tryin a truthe be doom," the concluding

being the

of the second

cohimn on the reverse of the

;

leaf, as

if

the scribe had discontinued his task

and on the blank space of the lower

part of the page are several scribblings: "

Sum

Johannis Saulfi" (twice);

a hare

a quaint pen sketch of a pedagogue, possibly John Saulfi, holding

his left hand,
;

an open book in

and in his right a short

also a squirrel,
is

staff or

palmer

for

the correction of his scholars

and other performances of

It

boyish penmanship.
tunately

This

MS.

of considerable interest.

was unfor-

unknown
off.

to

me

until a great portion of the present edition

had

been printed

this

The various readings and MS. are indicated by the

that a

additions obtained
letter

by a

partial collation of

(A).

It

will

be observed that the

collation has

been carried out in the

later part of the

volume

only.
Seller
. . .

It is possible

MS. formerly in

the library of "

Abraam

viri

antiquitatum ecclesiasticarum peritissimi,"

may have been an imperfect

copy of the Promptorium. It is described as a folio volume, " 3,774, Dictionarium Anglo-Latinum, in pergamen. ante annos 200 scriptum, a.h:e(j)a\oy
Ktti

/jeiovpoy."

Catal.

MSS.

Anglise, tom.

ii.

p.

96; published in 1697.*

I

Having thus described the

discovering, I have

existing

MSS. which

have succeeded in

now

to notice the editions issued

all
his

by Pynson, Wynkyn

de Worde, and Julian Notary,

what source the MS. had come into

of these being of the greatest rarity.

first

hands; on the
7.

leaf are the class

is

marks of
broken

some former possessor

until
fo. 6,

L.

6.

26, and

W.

The

early portion

in a fragmentary state,
is

beginning with the word Candelere, after which the continuity

at intervals, until the letter T.

'

Abraam

or

Abednego

Seller

was a writer of some note on matters

ecclesiastical in

His chief works are " Remarques relating to the State of the Church of the first centuries," Lond. 1680; " History of Passive Obedience since the Reformation," &c Amst. 1689; " History of Self-Defence," &c. See Ant. Wood, Watt, and Lowndes. I
his day.

have not succeeded

in ascertaining

what became of

his library;

some of

his

MSS.

are in

thc library of the University of Cambridge.

xlii

PREFACE,
edition

The

hj Richard Pynson
;

in

1499

is

one of the most scarce pro-

ductions of his press

probably, as Dibdin observes, he

may have

reprinted

in subsequeut years a

vohime -which must have proved

it,

so extensively

acceptable;

no other impression of

however, by that printer,

is

industriously prosecuted his art until 1529,

known
title

to

exist.
first

who The
page

vohime
is

is

a small folio of 115 leaves; there

tlie

is

no

page, the
It

blank, the prologue being on

:

reverse of the leaf.

commences

thus

"^
" pro

Incipit prologus in libellum qui dicitur promptorius

solicite

puerorum.
.

Cei'nentibus

clericorum condieiones,"

and concludes,

me

peccatore misericorditer intercedant

etc.

dominum nostmm ihesum

christum,"
"

Explicit prologus."
a. ii.

Sign.

"

Incipit liber quidicitur

Promptorium paruulorum
t

siue

clericorum."

The
titles

signatures a and b have eight leaves each, the rest, to

six.

inclusive,

have only

The book

is

priuted in double columns

there are running

or headings of the pages, "

Nomina
iii.

A Verba
is

A," and so

forth,

throughout the alphabet, distinguishing nouns and other parts of speech from
tlie

verbs, respectively.

On

sign. t

there

the following colophon:

et

"

^ Ad laudem

et

ad honorem omnipotentis dei

intemerate genitricis

ejus.

Finit excellentissimum opus exiguis magnisque scolasticis vtillissi-

mum

quod nuncupatur MeduIIa grammatice.

Inpressum per egregium

Richardum pynson, in expensis virtuosorum virorum Fredrici egmondt et Petri post pascha. anno domini .M.CCCC. nonagesimo nono. Decima v*
die mensis Maii."

In this colophon, here printed with the contracted words

points of interest claim attention
;

extenso,

two

the

first is

the change of

title,

the

libellus,

described in the prologue as " Promptorius puerorum " being here called

" Medulla grammatice; " the second

is

the mention of the patrons through

whose encouragement the

costs of Pynson's

undertaking were defrayed.

By

similar notices in other books from his press

the like favors from Margaret, mother of

Kent and other patrons of

of an ancient race of the

literature.

we know that he received Henry VII., from the Earl of Frederic Egmondt may have been
Dibdin seems to have
whereas from the precidate,

name

in the Netherlands.

assumed that " post pascha" was part of the

PREPACE.
sion with

xliii

which

this is stated
if

such can liardly be the case.

He

speaks of
vol.

Frederic and Peter as

ii.

bothwere of the familyof Egmondt. (Typ. Ant.

Prelim. Ob-:. p.

vii.)

We find about

tlie

time in question a distinguished

of

person of that family, possibly the patron of Pynson, Frederic, son

William IV. Count of Egmond.

In 1472 he received from his uncle the

;

Duke of Gueldres the lordship of Buren he was named governor of Utrecht by the Archduke Maximilian in 1492; two years later Buren was raised
to a

County

in

reward of his services; he died in 1500."

I have,

however,

sought in vain to trace a connection between this personage and England

we
and

learn from Pontanus that he

it

was educated

at the University of Paris,

may therefore

be presumed that he retained some taste for literature.

illegitimate brother of his father,
;

There was a Peter, an

who might have

been living at that time

what was

his

surname does not appear.

Had

these persons, however, been Pynson's patrons on this occasion, the nobility of the former Avould surely have been in

some way mentioned, instead of

It

the

word "

virhiosi" being applied to both.

may

be more probable that

;

these patrons were either merchants or booksellers

in the latter case the

work must have been printed

for

them

as a trade speculation.

Panzer, in

his Annales Typographici, has perhaps

somewhat too

hastily placed the

his lists of

names of Frederic Egmondt and Peter Post pascha

printers (that arranged
rity of this colophon, as

in one of

by

their Christian names), probably

is

on the authoin connection

no other mention of either

I

known

with typography except that, as

have been informed by Mr. Winter Jones,

a Frederic de Egmont appears in the colophon of a Sarum missal printed

at Venice in 1494, "jussu et impeusis prastantissimorum

de Egmont ac Gerrardi Barrevelt

Landoia." (Panzer, vol.
iii.

virorum Friderici impressum per Joannem de Hertzog de

p. 358.)

Mr. Winter Jones considers that the

designations virtuosus, prcestantissimiis, and the like, do not indicate persons

of high rank.

On

the reverse of the last leaf

is

Pynson's device, No.

this rare
335.

4,

Herbert Typ.

Ant., No. 5, Dibdin.

Amore

minute account of
t. iv.

volume may be
Egmond,

Comtes d'Egmond, Art de

is

Verifier les Dates,

in the treaty for

p.

Frederic de

Count of Buren,
relating to the

mentioned

an intended marriage between Charles,

prince of Spain, and Mary, daughter of Henry VII., in 1507; and again in another treaty

same

subject, dated

May

4, 1508.

Rymer,

t,

v.

part

iv.

pp. 241, 255.

xliv

PREFACE.
tlie

found in

Typograpliical Antiquities.^

It

was described by Herbert

Five copies only have

from a copy

in Dr. Hunter's library at

Glasgow,

been seen by

me

one of these, in tbe Althorp Library and pronounced

''

" sound and desirable

by Dibdin, was made

perfect, as

he informs us, by

the acquisition of two copies at the sale of the library of Mr. Lloyd of

Wygfair in 1817; in the Public Library at Cambridge there is a good copy, in which I found the MS. note, before mentioned, " Autor hujus operis fuit Galfridus Grammaticus' dictus frater Ordinis S. Dominici;"''
a third, in
fiue

condition,

is

in the

Bodleian; the fourth, in the Royal

in the possession of

Library in the Britisli

Museum, was
2Z. Qs.;^

James West,
it

President of the Eoyal Society;'' at the sale of his Hbrary in 1773

was

purchased for George ni. for

the fifth

is

in the Grenville library.*

The numerous various readings and

Several editions of
tlie

additions both of English and Latin

initial (P).

words obtained from Pynson's edition are indicated by the

Promptorium issued from the press of

Wynkyn

de Worde, in small quarto form; copies in fine condition are scarcely

less

rare tlian those printed

by Pynson.
to

Notices are to be found in

bibliographicalworksofeditionsinlSlO, 1512,1516,1518, 1519(?),1522,

and 1528;^ of these

have beeu able

p.
ii.

examine copies
ii.

in a few instances

Ames' Typ. Ant.

p.

vol.
vol.

i.

246; Dibdin,
p.

vol.

p.

416

Bibl. Spenc.
i.

Supp.

p.

241,

and Bibliotb. Grenvill.

vol.
'
i.

576.

See also Panzer,

"

vol.

p.

509, and Maittaire,

693.

Shelf-mark, AB. 10, 38.

slightly over

See West's Catalogue, p. 54.

;

The

leaves

measure

lO^ inches in height

the dimensions of the copy in the King's Library, British Museum, by 8f in width are 10| by 7^ in.; of that in the Grenville library, lOf in height.
^

At the beginning
;

of this

volume a

leaf printed

by Pynson

is

bound

in,

unnoticed

by bibliographers

it is

a formula of an indulgence granted by Julius II. and dated 1508,

of the person to

with a blank for the

name

whom

it

might be granted, and purports to

be issued by the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of St. David's, the Pope'3
Commissaries general, to authorise the appointment, by the person for whose benefit
it

was intended, of a confessor, who might grant absolution of sins, with exception of some which are specified, including exportation of arms to the infidels and importation of alum from them. It is printed Archoeol. Journal, vol. xvii. p. 250. e At Inglis' sale a copy produced 38Z. 17*. Another was sold in 1855 by Messrs.
Sotheby
'

for 16/.

There

is

a copy in the choice library of Henry Huth, Esq.

Libraire, edit. 1863,
t. iv.

It is stated in

Brunefs Manuel du

col.

900, that there exist

" des editions abr&gees

sorties des presses

de

Winkyn de Worde,

sans date, et en 1516,

PREFACE.
only
text.
;

xlv

in those wliich I

have seen

perceived no essential variations in the

copy of that of 1516, formerly in Heber's library and obtained

by
I

Sir Frederic

Mudden

in 183G, has been,

amongmany

kindnesses which

have received

at his hands, entrusted for

my

use throughout the j>repa-

ration of this vokime."

Occasionally the Latin-English dictionary, Ortus

is

Vocabulorum, printed by the same printer and in the lilve form, bound up with the Promptorium for the convenience of students.
remarks that

found

Dibdin

Wynkyn

de Worde's Promptuarium Parvulorum was an

editio jjrinceps

abridgment of the dictionary of which the

had issued from

Pynsons press with the

principally, however, of

title

"Promptorius puerorum"; the omissions are

some portions of the Latin explanations, and of

references to authorities, whilst occasionally English synonyms, &c. are

added

in the smaller

volume.

any material
book

significance.

The variations in the title may be without The foUowiug brief description of this rare
sign.

will here suffice.*'

The volume

consists of

G9 leaves,
titles

A.

ij.

to

M.

iij.

it is

printed in

double columus, with running

distiuguishing the

Nomiua from

the

Verba, as in Pynson's edition.

Title.

" Promptuarium paruulorum clericorum

Scolasticis

quod apud nos Medulla

necessarium.

grammatice appellatur.

quam maxime
in
solis

Impres-

sum Londoniis per wynandum de worde hac

Brigide (in the iletestrete) ad signum

vrbe in parochia saucte

tlie title is

commorantem." On

introduced the well-linown wood-cut device used

in 4. de 70
ff.,

by Wynkyn de Worde,

lY-inipr.

en 1522

et

en 1528."
is

mention of any edition without date

by

made.

W.

de

Worde

in

1500, as hereafter

I am not aware on what authority this The Ortus Vocabulorum having been printed noticed, it may be supposed that he likewise pro-

duced an edition of the Promptorium about the same period as a convenient accompaniment. None has been found earlier than the edition of 1510, which is described by Dibdin as the tirst from that press. He mentions a fine copy in the late Mr. Roger
Wilbraham's
a

library.
is

This copy

in

old

brown

calf,

and

in

good condition

the Ortus Vocabulorum,

" Mylles Blomefylde of Bury 8t. 1518, precedes the Promptorium. The name Edmunde " is written several times on the title pages. " Myles Blomefylde owe this
edit.

booke," &c.
in the British
is

Another copy of the Promptorium,

edit.

1516,

is

in the Grenville Library

Museum, and

also

one of

edit.

1628.
is

fine clean

copy of

edit.

1516

in the Public Library at

b

Cambridge; another

in the Bodleian,

Tanner

Coll.

No. 271.
vol.
iii.

p.

1775; Dibdin, Typ. Ant.

See more detailed bibliographical notices in Ames' Typ. Ant. by Herbert, vol. ii, pp. 88, 91, 155; Bibl. Spenc. Supp. p. 2il.

CAMD. SOC.

xlvi

PREFACE.
stars,

composed of tbe sun and

interlaced Arabic numerals 74

W C (William Caxton) with and the name " Wynkyn de Worde" on a scroU. On the reverse " % Incipit prologus libellum qui dicitur promptuarium. Cernentibus
and the
;

initials

at the

bottom are a greyhound,

sagittarius,

in

solicite cleri-

corum," &c. as in Pynson's edition before described, and

readings excepted, in the
sign.

also, a fevv various

A.

ij.,

commence

"

MSS. Nomina A.
;

see p. 1, infra.

On

the second leaf,

^lncipit
On

liber qui dicitur

leaf, reclo,

Promptuafind, after

rium paruulorum
the verbs

siue clericorum."

the last

we

commencing with Y, a note and two distiches relating to the conjugations of verbs, to which immediately succeed a notice " Ad lectorem.

% And yf ye can

not fynde a laten worde," &c. as given p. 54-0,

infm, and the colophou "

et

^ Ad laudem
finit

et

honorem omnipotentis

dei

intemerate genitricis eius

excellentissimum opus scolasticis anglie

quam maxime
vel

necessarium. quod merito

meduUa grammatices apud nos

Impressum Londoniis per
strete")

paruulorum promptuarium nuncupatur.

de worde
in vico anglice

wynandum
solis

(the flete

appellato sub
die vero v.

intersignio

commorantem.

Anno domini

ii.ccccc.xvi.

mensis Septembris."'*
Befiides the numerous editions by Wynkyn de Worde in smali quarto the Promptorium was printed in 1508 by Julian Notary in the same conveni-

ently portable form, suited for the requirements of students.

is

A single copy
Thomas Gren-

known;

it is

preserved in the library of the late Eight Hon.

ville,

now in the British Museuni.'^ I cannot refraiu from grateful acknowledgment of his liberal courtesy in entrusting to me this and also other
precious volumes, from which
edition
is

I have derived uo slight advantage. mentioned by Ames, but Mr. Grenville observed, adverting
liis

This
to the
it."

volume

in

owu

possession, " I do not get trace of

any other copy of

The volume

consists of

73 leaves.
;

The

text appears to follow that given

^y ^^^yi^kyn de Worde
* It

the pages are printed in double columns, sign.

niay deserve mention that the verbs are raostly printed with the termination
in

yn or en;

a few instances, however, with a final

e,

as

" agyne, seneo; seyne, dico

ataehyne," &c. or ynge, as "pargettynge walles, gipso; poyntynge, or portrayen, ^i^o;" and not unfrequently the peculiar form of the A.-Saxon gerundial infinitive, followed
in the

MSS.

of the

Promptorium

(Ece p. xlviii., infra)

is

laid aside; for instance

'JTlie

we

find in
in the

W.

de AVorde's edition " amende, bende bowes, consent," &c. MSS. with 3, and so printed by Pynson, areprinted with y.
^

words written

The dimonsions

of the leavea in this copy are 7^ inclies by 5|.

PREFACE.
a
ii.

xlvii

to n

iii.

On

the

title

f.

1,

**

as in \V. de

Worde's

edition before described, a

Promptorium paruulorum clericorum," &c. woodcut is introduced

portraying the author seated at a desk.

" Cernentibus," &c.

On
the "

the reverse

is

the prologue.

On

f.

commence

dicitur Promptoriura paruuloruni sive

Nomina A. At clericorum."

Incipit liber qui

tiie

end

is

the

colophon,

"Ad

tandem,

e^c.

Impressum per egregium Julianum nota-

rium Impressorem commorantem extra temple barre sub Intersignio Sanctorum trium regum, &c. Anno domini millesimo CCCCC.Octauo xii. die Augusti." On the reverse is a woodcut measuriugS^ inches by 3 inches, being the device of the printer, a tree to which is appended a hehii and an
escutcheon charged with JuUau's
animals, birds, a butterfly, &c.^
,

mark and

initials.

Around the

tree are

A
I

few various readings obtained from the editions by

Wynkyu

dc

Worde and Julian Notary are indicated in the present work by the
initials

may

(W) and (J) respectively. have now described, with minuteness of detail which, I fear, some regard as tedious, all the MSS. and printed texts of the Prompme
;

torium known to

and these have beeu collated

in the preparation

of the present edition.

On

a former occasion I stated the grounds of

preference which influenced

me

in selecting the Harleian

MS. 221

as

the groundwork and text of the present edition, and I pointed out that
all

additions are distinguished from

the text

by being placed within

whence
it

brackets with the authority for their introduction, each word or various

reading being followed by an

derived.

initial

indicating the source

is

The contractions have been printed in extenso, with a few exceptions where any doiibt could arise; thus the letter ti is found with the transverse stroke usually indicating an e,but accompanied also by that letter, as

Biblioth. Grenv. p.
to

anno, which seems

576 Dibdin, Typ. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 585. Herbert quotes it siae show that he had never seen it. I may here recall, amoug many kind;

nesses of a highly-valued friend, the Rev. S. R. Maitland, the coramunication of his dis-

covery, in 1843, of four leaves in a volume in the

Lambeth library, used as fly-leaves, and which I identified as fragments of the rare edition by Julian Notary. They are sign. b iii. and n ii. This fragment is noticed by Dr. Maitland in his List of some of the early printed books in the Archiepiscopal Library, 1843, p. 464, and in an Index of such
English books printcd bofore 1600 as are in that collection, 1345, p. 120.

xlviii

PREFACE.
AltLough probably redundant,

for instance, in tlie

words " dethe, tetche."

or merely an accidental error, the contraction has been printed as in the

MS.
and

The
ii,

chief difficuky has

however arisen from the frequent use of

It

the latter especially in the verbs, "with a prolongation of the last stroke

of the letter in each instance.

should be observed, that in early typo-with the like peculiarity

graphy these
it

letters are not

uncommonly found

is

beheved

that,

occasionally, in writing of the fifteenth century this

final e, and, accordingly,
it

elongated

minim niay denote a mute

has been

thus indicated
to those

m',

n',

crln',

ii',

leaving the decision in questionable cases

who may

take interest in analysing the unsettled orthography of

little

the period.

Whilst, however, there can be

doubt that these terminal

power of mme, or nne, respectively, the anomaUes which occur have induced me to retain them, and especially on account of
contractions have the

the peculiarity in the verbs, Avhich here claims notice.

It is

worthy

of reniark that,
this

though the verbs in the

infinitive

mood

at

the time

when
final

with the

work was compiled were in general no longer written "n" of the Anglo-Saxon infinitive, they are here found
yfi, yfi',

ending in " yn,

on,

yng, en,

eii, efi',

on, one, in."

Those in " yn,

infinitive in

en,

and in

"

may

possibly represent the

Anglo-Saxon

"an;"

but those in "

yfi, yn', yn',

yng,

eii, eii',

Anglo-Saxon gerundial
place
:

infinitive in "

one," should seem to represent the anne" or " enne." On this subject

the following observations of Professor Bain

" In

may

not be deemed out of

Anglo-Saxon the

infinitive

was formed by a

suffix,
'

and had cases

like a noun.

Nom. and
last case

acc.

'

writ-an,' to write; dat.

to writ-ann-e,' for
to

writing.

This

had the meaning of purpose, and corresponded

what same

is

now
'

called the gerund.

The simple form

the case-endings,
so,
*

'

writ-an
'

as our infinitive.
to
'

When

an,'

anne,'

was the were lost,

'

the sign

remained, and, not only

but was erroneously prefixed to

the other cases of the infinitive, instead of being confined to the dative or

gerund
tions.
.

case.

By

this

mistake

we have
'

the

same form

for

both applica-

" Farther, the form

'

'

writ-an
'

nation
'

an
'

'

became
an

first

en

'

changed in another direction. The termiand then ing,' thus producing the form
'

writing

as

infinitive form,

which explains our having an

infinitive

PREFACE.
and a gerund
in
'

xlix

ing.'

This change seems to have been facilitated by the

'

existence of a class of abstract nouns in

ing

'

(Anglo-Saxou ung), which

by

their natm-e are nearly allied to the infinitive.

"

To

increase the confusion

'

ending in

became a form iu ing.' Thus the same ending in EngHsh represents four diiFerent verbal endings in AngloSaxon the infinitive, the infinitive of purpose (gerund), the verbal noun,
ende,'
'

ande,'

still

farther,the imperfect participle originally

'

writende,'

'

and the

participle." "

It will

be seen

that, although

the letter

p should seem

to

have been

fully recognised,

and
to

it
it

takes in the alphabetical arrangement the penultiin the

mate place assigued

th,' wliilst

Anglo-Saxon alphabet, yet not unfrequejitly,

is

through inadvertence or transitional orthography, the scribe has written

'

in other

words the proper character

represented, as

it

was

generally in the following century,

by

a y.

Thus we
p.

find " Blo erye, p.

like.''

40; Erye, or erthe; Eryyn, or of the erthe,"

It

141 m/ra, and the

has been suggested that a

list

of the principal

MSS. and

printed

authorities, mediseval vocabularies, glossarial

and grammatical compila-

tions, with many rare works which throw light on the language of the The enumeration here appended includes period, would prove acceptable.

chiefly

MSS. and

printed works of reference from which I have

materials for the notes.

cited,

With

these will be found, however,

drawn some not thus

but which are of essential iuterest to the student of the English

literature
*
"

and archaisms of the

fifteenth

and the sixteenth centuries.

p.

An

English Grammar, by Alexander Bain, M.A. London, 1863,

95 n.

See the notes, pp. 141, 535, infra.

APPENDIX.
NoTicES OF Glossaries, Vocabulaeies, and other works illtjstrative OF THE English Langoage asd of Medieval Latinity, and used, for the most part, in this edition of the Promptorium.
I.

Medulla Grammatice or Grammatices.

it is

This

is

the earliest Latin-

English Dictionary known to me, and

snpposed to have been compiled

tliis

by

tlie

anthor of the Promptoiinm.

On

acconnt, and also in con-

siilei-ation

of its valne to the student of the langnage of the period, I

it

have thonght

desirable to give a

somewhat
all

detailed description of the of thein being of the later

MS8.

that I have been able to discover,

half of the fifteeiith century, and inclnding those in which, as previously

stated, veiy great modifications of tlie text will be found, althongh, as

on
8ee

carefnl examination I
identical with the
p. xxii.
1.

have been led to snppose, they are substantially

it.

Medulla and may properly be classed with

have not met with any copy of earlier date than a

MS.

in

my

own

possession, obtained about

folio,

1841 from the

late

Mr. Rodd.

It is a

small

containing IIG leaves of parcliment, written in double columns

very logibly by two different hands

is

a proh:)gue

commencing thus

the initials are rubricated.

est regula geueralis

There
libro.

"

Hec

pro toto

Omnia nomina,
gramatice
gramatice."

verbalia, et participia

habent significationem verbormu a

et

quibus descendunt secundum eorum formara

jDueris

anologiam, &c.

Fructum
IMednlla

do sub brevitate.

Incipit liber intitulatus

The dictionary then begins with

and concludes

"

Ahna

virgo abscondita

vel absconsio virginitatis,"

" Zonigogo, as,to gyrd vp.

Explicit Medulla Gramatice."

preservation and in

The date of this MS., which is in excellent the original wooden boards covered with leather, may

be about 1460.
* On the first of three leaves of parchment bound in at the beginning is written, in a hand conteniporary with the MS., " Brother Wylliam Barker I pray youe lett thys booke be bounde at the vtmoste by myddyll lont and my brother slialle pay for tlie byndynge ;"

APPENDIX.
2.

11

MS.

in the Library of the

;

Dean and Chapter

of Canterbnry, shelf-

niark D. 2

it

was entrusted

to

request of Sir

Henry

Ellis,

to

me by their kind perniission throngh the whom I acknowledge with pleasnre my

blue and red

freqnent obligations.

It is Avritten
initials in

donble eohnnns, Avith

in red.

on paper in a small clear hand, in the English words also are

;

It begins Avith the short

tlie

prologue above noticed, bnt, part of the

leaf being torn away,

thus

first

Unes are mutilated;

this prologue ends

''

Et

sic

propter vocabulorum copiam Hber iste

Tliis
;

Medulla gramatice

intituhatur."

MS.
it is

is

in the original

probably of oak

doubtless the

stamped binding with boards, same which occurs in the hst of

dictum Melearning
relic of fifteenth-century

MSS.

at Canterbury Cathedral about 1697, as " Dictionarium

duUa Grammatic."

This venerable

has been regarded with special interest on account of the addition of

numerous Anglo-Saxon words, as supposed, by Sbmner; the MS. of whose Anglo-Saxon Dictionary is in the Canterbury Library. From the nianner, however, in which the Anglo-Saxou words are given, it may be inferred that they were, at least in part, taken from some Vocabulary in Soniner's The English portion is full, and possession not his own compihition.
contaius curious archaisms, inchiding a considerable proportion of words
noticeable as retained in North-country dialects.*^
3.

Harh MS. 1000.

;

An

imperfect copy, ending

with

the

words
;

"

Stamen
4.

est fihmi tele or warpe."

On

paper

written in a neat hand

late fifteenth century

with rubrications.

Harl.

MS.
is

1738.

The MeduUa

in a very abridged form, in a clear

on the reverse

rudely sketclieJ with the pen

Our Lord

rising froin the Sepulehrc.

first
:

On
tlius
:

the third leaf, v. are two short Latin

poems in hexameters, the " Siccine tam crebris frustra commentibus anglos ;" the second At the end " Tliys ys Rychard crebris conventibus angli."
:

heginning

" Conveniunt gallos

ysboke."
is

It niay
:

deserve mention that after certain words of

Diai)olus, the deuol.
fallinge euel.

ill

omen

the sign of the cross

Dis, the

found, thus

Demon, the

deuel.

^
|^

deueh

Comicius,
feuerus,

tlie

Epilencia, the fallinge euel.

I

Febricito, to

haue the

Cxenetarius, that vseth hore hous. <f^

have noticed occasionally a similar practice in

other

''

MSS.

of the period.

Catal.
I

MSS.

Anglie,

found

in this

(or Prussere ?)

t. ii. p. 214; no. 7193, 33. volume the names probably of former pcssessors " Johne Prussey Thonias Wynston This is Gilles Winstou his boke. Egideus Wynston

honyst

man

in the paryssh of saynt Dunstone."

lll

APPENDIX.
on parchment and paper mixed
;

legible hand,

imperfect.
;

At

the begin-

ning

is

the prologue, "

Hec

est regula," as

above

at the end, " Explicit

Medulla Graniatice."
5.

Late fifteenth ceutury.

Harl.

MS. 2181.

Another copy

in abridged form, carelessly wi-itten

on parchment; late fifteenth centuiy.

G.

Harl.

MS, 2257.

A neatly written
it

that of the Oi-tus Vocabulorum, but

contains

MS. The text seems to resemble much that is not found in

;

that book, nor in the Medulla in

its

ordinary foiTQ

possilily

an abridgeof
its

ment

of this dictionary.

This

is

perhaps the most vahiable

iinfortunately imperfect.

MS.
It

kind

in the British

Museum, but

it is

commences
p.

with the word " Boletus est genus fungi," and ends with " Zona."
7.

Harl.

MS. 2270.

Attributed in Catal. Hari.

MSS. voL

ii.

G35,

to Galfridus

Grammaticus, and on the

a contemporary hand,

" Medulla

first

leaf

is

written, but not

by

Grammaticaj Galfridi."

On

paper;

beginniug "
tionary
is

"

Hec est regula generalis," &c. The first word in the dicAlma;" the Last is " Zozimus Exphcit Medulla Gramatice
.

No-\-iter."

8.

Hari.
fully

MS.

6514.

Imperfect; the explanations in Latin are given

more
9.

than in some other copies.

in Brit.

Add. MS.
is

Mus.

2L,6-40. This copy, in small folio, written

end.*^

on
It

parchment,
is

unfortunately imperfect at the beginning and the

;

otherwise in fine condition, written in a neat legible hand

later

probably not

much

than the middle of the fifteenth century.

;

rubricated initial letters

There are plain and some marginal additions occur which seem to
It begins
is

be by a nearly contemporaiy hand.

rium," and the concluding word

with the word " Abhomiuaa male."

It

"

Hec mantica,
to

was
a
of

purchased from Mr. J. O. HaHiwell in May, 1862, and, as stated in

note written by his hand,
Stratford-on-Avon.''

it

had been presented

him by Mr. Hunt

On

the fly-leaf at the end there

is

the followiiig verse

Anno

Milieno quadringentesimo trino

Belluin Salopie fuit in Mag. nocte marie.

the The fatal battle of Shrewsbury was fought on July 23, 1403 Magdalene here referred to being July 22. " This MS. was given ^ The entry by Mr. Halliwell is as follows
;
:

festival of St.

Mary

to

me by Mr. W, O.
I

Hunt

of 8tratford

on Avon, April 23 (Sliakespeare's birthday) 1862.

I

accepted

it

on

the condition that

was

to

be at liberty to

sell it,

adding the proceeds

to the

Shakespeare

fund. J. O. H."

APPENDIX.
10.

liii

in the Catalogue

Cambridge, thus described hy the Rev. Morgan Cowie published by the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 1842, 4to. p. 30 : " C. 22. Medulla Grammatices,

MS.

in the Library of St. John's College,

4to.

writing as the

MS. vellum and paper, principally the latter with MS. 1468. It has the name "William
; '

date in the same

Jenour,' but this

seems to be the name of the owner.

explanation of the words in Latin."
to

It is a
is

Latin Dictionaiy;

the

This
of

one of the
it

MSS.
is

presented
that

the

college

by

Thomas Earl

Southampton;

stated

they were purchased from Mr. William Crashawe, brother of the poet, a
fellow of St. John's admitted 1593.
11.

MS.

in

the Pepysian

amongst Pepys' MSS., Catal. MSS. Anglite, tom. ii. narium Anglo-Lat. wi-itten about A.D. 1450, fol."
12. in

Library, Cambridge, erroneously described p. 209, as " DictioIt

is,

however, a

Latin-English Dictionary, apparently a variety of the Medulla.

MS.

in the

Library at Lineohi Cathedral, written on parchment

double columns with numerous

marginal additions.

It consi:;;ts

of

146 pages.

At

the end

is

written, " Explicit

Medulla Grammatice."
are

Latin-EngHsh vocabulary of 79 pages and three other works

in the vokime, the last of these being a " Liber

bound up

Hymnorum"

attributed to

Galfridus, the author of the

is

Promptorium.
Galfridus)

On a

fly-leaf at the

beginning

written

" Gabridus (sic for

Grammaticus author Anghis

vixit circa

A D. 1490."

Brit. Hib. p. 305, as

This MS. has been cited by Bishop Tanner, Bibl. an English-Latin Dictionary, namely the " Promp-

tuarium," of which he mentions the

MS.

in Sir

Symonds d'Ewes'

library

(now HarL MS. 221), and the edition by Pynson 1499. By the courtesy of the Eev. G. F. Apthorp I have been enabled to ascertain the real description of this volume, which is in good preservation.* The shelf-mark was formerly H 35, altered in 1858, when the Hbrary was rearranged, to

A
*
>

3, 15."

See

p. xvii. ante.

Sir Frederic

Madden

has pointed out Bishop Tanner'a original notes regarding the

Lincoln MSS., as given in his voluminous collections

occurring in Add. MS. 6261,
that the slight error in of "
ff.

now in tlie Britisli Museum, and As before mentioned, I liave little doubt the learned Bishop's account of the MS. above described may
]43, 171.

have arisen from the

the printed editions.

title

Medulia " being occasionally given

to the

Promptoriuni

in

CAMD. SOC.

ll^'

APPEXDIX.
MS.
in the

13.

possession of Sir

Thomas
;

Phillipps, Bart.

No. 8244,
It contains

formerly in Heber's librarr, Xo. 1020

imperfect, on paper.

many English words; the 14. MS. in the same

last

word

is

" Vespilio."

collection as the last.

No. 8306.

Bound up

with a transcript of the Promptorium described p. xl. sitpra. The two dictionaries appear to have been written bj the same hand. The Medulla hegins on p. 167. It is imperfect in several parts, and ends with " Ticio,

abrond
15.

of fyre," p. 342.
in the

On

paper.

Fruui Heber's library, Xo. 1360.

King Edward's Grammar School at Shrews" Incipit liber intitulatus Medulla gramatice, v' Fructum gramatice bnry. qu' medullam de breuitate." The shelf mark is X. 29. 16. MS. in the libraiy of the Earl of Leicester at Holkham, Xorfolk. It is cited by Sir Frederic Madden in his glossary to Havelok, edited by him for the Roxburghe Club in 1828, as a Latin-English vocabulary of the middle of the fifteenth ceutury, and substantially the same as the
Libraiy of

MS.

Ortus Vocabnlorum.^
to the

Chiefly ou paper, partly on velbim.

for

Its

resemblance

Medulla appears by extracts,

which I

am

indebted to the Eev.

R. Collyer, Hon. Canon of Norwich. 17. lu the enumeration " Librorum

pitio

MSS.
c.

Lincolniensi

apud
sive

Londinium,"

Henrici Worseley de Hos1697, occurs " Xo. 6914.66;

Catal.

Medulla Grammatica?
Angliaj, tom.
ii.

Dictionarium Latino-Anghcum."

MSS.

p.

213.

I have not been able to trace where this copy

may now
II.

be preserved.''

Ortus Vocabuloram.
;

The

first
it

Latin-English Dictionary printed in

this country
*

in great measure, as
of

would appear, based upon the Medulla

The name

" Sire John Mendames," parson of " Bromenstrope " (Brunsthcrp)

it is more probably owner of the book. In the list of incumbents of Brunsthorp John Mendham oceurs. He was collated in 1529, and resigned the preferment in 1532.

occurring in this MS., has been supposed to be that of the writer, but
the

name

of a former

BIomefield's Hist. of Norf. vol.

b

vii.

p. 7. in
tlie

There existed formerly a MS.

Chapter Librarj'

at

Exeter Cathedral,
ii.

tlius

noticed in the brief catalogue given in Catal.

MSS.

Angliae, tom.

p. 55.

" 2057-3,
information
is

Dictionarium seu Glossarium Latinum, mutilum."

This

MS. which, from

MeduUa,

formerly received, I had hoped might prove to be a copy of the

not to be

found, as

am

assured by Mr. Charles Tucker, after careful search in the depositories

It
is

of the Chapter.

not mentioned in the short enumeration of

MSS.

at

Exeter

in

1752.

See Dr. Olivers Lives of the Bishops of Exeter, App. p. 376.

APPENDIX.
Grammatice
last described,

Iv

but with considerable modificatioiis and addi-

tions from other som'ces.

Altliough comparatively of more frequent occurit is

rence than the

Promptorium,
is

a book of great rarity.

The earhest
de

edition hitherto noticed

that printed in 1500 by

Wynkyn
is

Worde

in

small foHo, ranging with the editio j^rinceps of the Promptorium issued

from the press of Pynson in the

it

pi'evious year.

It

indeed probable that

may have bcen

intended to supply an accompaniment to that Dictionary.

This rare editio princeps of the Ortus has not been carefully described
the imperfect mention by Dibdin would lcad us to suppose that, having

never examined a copy, he had relied on the brief notice by Herbert

chiefly

derived from the Harlcian Catalogue, in which two copies are

;

enumerated, Nos. 5213, 5304

these

I have been miable to ascertain where

is,

may now be among the books,

found."
chiefly

There

however, a copy of this

first

edition
it

MSS., bequeathed by Junius

to the Bodleian;

is

thus described in Tanner's Catalogue of that precious lexicographical

collection.

" Hortus

Yocabulorum, Impr. Lond. 1500, per

Junii notis." Catal.

Wynkyn
t. i.

de

Worde,

intersparsis Cl.

MSS.

Angli^e,

p.

251.

The following
in the British

description has been taken from a fine copy of this edition

Fo.

1 recto.

being blank.

Fo. 1 verso.

^ Ortus. Vocabulorum the lower portion of the page " ^ Prologus qui ortus vocabulorum
"
'"

Museum,

in the Grenville Library.

iu

libruni

dicitur

feliciter incipit."

"

procul a latio vbi

Ut etenim multos (nostre precipue nationis anglicos qui igitur quam roma est in orbis angulo sumus constituti dicimur) bona:

rum artium
cationum

studiosos ex latinarum dicctionum difficultate illarum signifi-

se inscios censentes

non soham magno tedio

affici

verum studia
adipisceexile opus

ex quibus summos magistratus emolimentum vtique

rentur paruifacere intellexerim
diuersis
:

maximum

multorum rogacionibus ad huc

ex auctoribus collectum vigilanterque correctum imprimendum

propterea quod in eo fructuum copia reperiri possit orappellari decreuimus
s.
:

sum coactus quem tum vocabulorum

'

omnes

igitur
q'.

"

Ending
significat."
tlie

"p. primam conjugationem.

Herbert, Typ. Aiit.,
in
vol.
i.

secuudam.

t.

tertiam.
ii.

quartam
It
is

p.

136, Dibdin, vol.

p. 88.

described by

last-named autlior as
of folio.

quarto, like the subsequent editions by

W.

de Worde, instead

Ivi

APPENDIX.
dictiouary

The
of

commences on

fo.

2,

in

two columns,

sign.

Aij. to
consists

QQiiij., preceded by the leaf forming the

title.

The whole work

266

leaves,

"

A ante

B"

measuring lOg by 7g inches. There are running headings and so forth each of the first six pages has also at the top,
;

in the middle ofthe page, the

word " Vocabulorum," and the

six following

have " Ortus "

discontinued.

(twice printed " Oortus");

after these, this

heading

is

On fo. 266 recto, the dictiouary concludes in the second cohunn ^uththe word " Zucara re. quedam species. anglice sugere ;" after which is the
following coloplion
:

" Adest iste studiosissime lector opusculi

toribus vt vocabulorum significaciones
ticis

ceterisque studiosis
significiones (^sic)

finis quod non minus precepmemorie commendat quam scolaseas ignorantibus conducet. omnium enim vocabu-

lorum

que in Catholicon Breuiloquo

Cornucopia

aut

Medulla grammatice ponuntur continet.

a viris studiosis

quum

igitur

summa

diligentia sit

collcctum vigilantique studio correctum vt magis in lucem prodiret ipsum

comparandum

esse constat.

Per virum laudabilem ciuem

prouidum magistrum"Winandum de worde prope celeberrimum monasterium quod Westmynstre appellatur. Anno incarnacionis doniinice. m.ccccc.
impressum."

Under
initials of

this colophon there is a small

woodcut of the device of

Wynkyn
vol.
ii.

de Worde, being that given

among

the devices of that printer, with the

p.

Caxton and the Arabic numerals 74, Dibd. Typ. Ant.,

Tliis cut

30,

No.

11.'^

measures 1| inch by
this choice to

l;!

inch.
is

Mr. Grenville's note in

edition
is

volume

as follows

" This

first

so rare that

it

was sold

me

as a unique copy, but, according to

Dibdin's Typog. Antiq. the Harleian Catalogue specifies two copies.

have

never seen or heard where they are to be found."'^

Sie.

" Breviloquio " in

edit.

1518.

" Vocabularius Breviloquus;"

Du

Cange,

Prsef.

41.
b

There

is

here no mention of the " Gemnia Vocabulorum," as in the colophon in

subsequent editions.
*

It

may

lie

remarked that the woodcut

in

in the rare

volume above described has the

It

background, not black as

sures If by 1} ineh.
^

Dibdin's fac-similes, but speckled with white dots.

mea-

There was an imjjerfect copy of

first

this
lost.

edition

in

Mr. Roger Wilbraham's library

the

and the

last leaf,

however, being

Dibdin, vvho seenis, as previously observed,

APPENDIX.
The

Ivii

text in this editio princeps varies considevably from that of the later

editions

which I have seen.

;

In some instances, en"ors of the press seem to

is

have been corrected

later,

in others, the earlier edition

more

accvirate

than the

and a large number of hexameter Unes illustrating the meaning of

these reprints do not appear in other respects to have

Latin words, here introduced with the heading " Versus," are not found in

subsequent editions

undergone any material abridgment.

The
copy in

edition printed by

1500 by

Pynson in 1509, is not less rare than that of The following description has been taken from a It was in Herberfs the King's Library in the British Museum.

W.

de Worde.

coUection in 1773.
is

It

is

a small 4to. measuring 7f by 5

Sign.

iii.

wanting.
**

Fo.

1.

Title partly printed in red.

Ortus vocabulorum Alphabetico ordine fere omnia que in Catholicon

:

Breuiloquo
tice

Cornucopia

Gemma

vocabulorum atque Medulla gramrna-

ponuntur, cum veraacule lingue Anglicane expositione continens.

:

Non

immerito ortus vocahulorum nuncupatus

quia sicut in hortulis florum,

herbarum, atque fructuum copia reperiuntur, quibus corpora roborantur,

atque spiritus recreantur
:

ita et in

hoc opere diuersa continentiu* vocabula,

tyrunculis et ad discipliuarum studia anhelantibus

ipsi

animum

excolant, orationes oment, ac

accommoda quibus et tandem in doctissimos vii'os (se

:

modo fata
solet)

sinant) euadant.

Et

si

per obliuionem (^quod

aliis

et

sepe vsu venire

ob multitudiuem vocabulorum aliqua in

:

operibus; ab auctoribus
fuerit,

pretermissa fuerint

aut dictionum significantie

cum opus
;

non

sta-

tim introire occurrerint ad hoc opus confugiant

et

ibidem per alphabeti

ordinem

(vt

paulo ante dixirnus) quecunque optauerint, facile inuenient.

inflectionis, si

Cuius etiam generis, atque

atque coniugationis,

nomina

sint

Cuius vero generis,

condu-

si sint verba, littere

cuique dictioni subiuncte, edocent.

Ojms sane omnihus ad

artes, atque scientias anheluntihus vtile utque

never to have seen the edition of 1500

(in perfect state),

supposed that this book had

century, and that
it

been printed by

W.

de Worde about the close of the

fifteenth

might be the
its

editio princeps of the Ortus,

ranging with Pynson's

folio

Proniptorium.
7:^

In

present state this copy consists of 264 leaves, measuring 10 inches by

ii.

mences with Sign. A.

musca, culex,
f.

" A
W.

inches;

it

comparva

est

nomen prime

littere,"

and ends, "

Zintala,...i.

p.," on the leaf following Sign.

QQ.

iiii.

Dibdin recognised the type

This book was

as the earliest used

by

de

Worde and

discontinued about 1510.

presumed

to

be unique.

Iviii

APPENDIX.
precipue tamen ob Angliccmi sermonis expositionem regioni Aiiglie

cibile.

summe
"

necessarium.

Currite igitur Anglici omnes

:

et paruis

ne parcite

nummis.

Cum
:

poterit paruo

tale volumen emi.

:

^ Yenundatmtitle is

Londoli. in vico nuncupato Fletestrete

Regio.^''

sub intersignio

sancti Georgii

ab Eichardo Pynson Impressore

This

priuted in black and red, the latter being here indicated

by

in a singular fashion described by Herbert as " the form of a jelly glass ;" the heading " Ortus vocabuloram " is a long narrow woodItalics,

and

cut of the full widtli of the page, and piinted in red, the letters being white.

Fo. 1 verso.

The

well

known woodcut
is

of the rnagister seated uuder a

canoi^y at a desk, on which

a large book; three other books and a penner

this lectriniim.^

and inkhorn
Fo.
2,

lie

on the base of
ij.)

(Sign. A.

commencement

of the Dictionary.
e.

"

est

uomen
species.

pi-ime litere latine generis neutri,"

ending " Zucara

Finis

quedam

Anglice. sugere

f.

p."
1[

" Laus

summo

regi dicatur vocibus oris

Quod iam non

cesset merces condigna laboris."

:

On the last leaf, 7'ecto, is the following colophon " ^ Adest studiosissimi lectores opusculi finis quod non minus
:

precep-

toribus (vt vocabulonmi significationes

lasticis
:

ceterisque studiosis

memorie commendent) quam schoomnium enim eas ignorantibus conducet

: :

vocabulorum significatioues que in Catholicon

Breuiloquo

Cornucopia

Gemma
igitur

vocabulorum

aut Medulla grammatice ponuutur, continet.

Quum

summa

diligentia sit collectum, vigilantique studio correctum. vt

:

magis in lucem prodiret

stat.

ipsum a

viris studiosis,

comparandum

esse con-

23rope

Per virum autem laudabilem ac ciuem prouidum Henricum Jacobi nouam scholam ac celeberrimam diui Pauli Apostuli ecclesiam, com-

morantem.

Impressum Londoii. per Piichardum Pynsou Eegium Impressorem. Commorantem in vico nuncupato Fletestrete sub intersignio sancti Georgii. Anno incarnatiouis Doniinice M.ccccc.ix. vndecimo kalendas
:

Septembris."
*

At the top of

tbis

page

is

the autograph "

W"' Herbert,

1773.'"

APPENDIX.

llX

Verso, woodcut device of Pynson, witli his nionograiii on an escntcheon

ensigned with a helm and crest.*

Of subsequent

editions by

Wynkyn

de

Worde

in small 4to.,

ranging as

before observed with those of the

Promptorium issued from the same press, and doubtless intended to*be bound up with them, I may describe that of 1514 as an example.
Tlie title, fo.
'*

1, recto, is

as follows

Ortus vocabulorum Alphabetico ordine fere omnia que in Catho-

licon, Breuiloquo, Cornucopia,

Gemma

vocabulorum, atque Medulla gram-

matice ponuntur,

cum

perpulcris additionibus Asceii.'' et vernacule Angli-

cane expositionem continens.

Londini imjDressus per

wynandum
is

de worde,
solis

ac in vrbe in parrochia Sancte Brigide (in the fletestrete) ad

signum

moram
printer,

trahentem."

In the lower part of the page

the device of the

with the

initials of

Caxton and interlaced numerals 74.

verso,

we

find the prologue given above

leaf, verso, is

On

fo. 1,

"

Ut etenim

multos," &c.

On
"

the last

the following colophon:

Finis.

Adest studiosissimi

lectores

opusculi

finis

:...." (as in

edit. of

1500) " omnium enim vocabulorum

uiloquo, Cornucopia,

significationes

que in Catholicon, Bre-

Gemma

vocabulorum, aut Medulla grammatice po-

nuntur continet ....

Impressum Londoii. per wynandum de worde comfletestrete)

morantem
The

in vico

nuncupato (the

sub intersignio Solis.

Anno
;

incarnacionis Dominice. M.ccccc.xiiii. die vero. xv. Februarii."

dictionary
is

printed in double columns

sign.

A.

1 1 to

LL.

iij.

the

leaves measure nearly

*

7| by 5^ inches.
books
is

The

rarity of these early

so great, that a few

I

text

may be

acceptable.

In edit. 1500

find

" Abamita

examples of variations
soror aui (angl'
flat in

in the

est

my

fathers

aunte;" in edit. 1509..." an aunte)."

Edit. 1500, " Ciniflo, qui

cinere, vel qui

preparat puluerem muliebrem, (angl. aske fyste, a fyre blawer or a yrne hotter)" edit.

1500
a

edit.

1509, "askye

fyster,

a fyre blawer, or a yren heter."

ciuitatis

Edit. 1500, "Colonia,

proprium nomen.-.colen." Edit. 1500, " Dinodacio...a lawsynge;" edit. 1509. .."a lousynge." Edit. 1500, " Fena (stc)...quedam bestia valde timida scilicet cerua, (anglice, a shoo
stypell,

vel

nomen proprium

vel regionis;" edit. 1509,..." id est

harte)"
"

edit.

1509, " Felena...a she harte," &c.

additions from

This reference to

the works of the eminent scholar, Ascensius,

title

father-in-law of Robert Stepliens, does not occur in the

editions,

in

either of the previous

and

it is

not found in that of 1518.

Ix

APPENDIX.
Besides the editions issued from the press of

Wynkyn
for

de Worde, two

printed in France, and not mentioned by Dibdin or other bibliographers,

remain to be noticed.

The

first

of these

was printed
to

Jaques Cousin, of

Eouen, in 1520.

The only copy known

me

is

in the Grenyille Library

in the British Museum. In dimensions and general arrangement, the book on the first leaf is closely resembles the small quartos by W. de Worde
;

introduced a woodcut of the arms of the city of Eouen, the escutcheon is supported by two rams, and over it on a scroll is the motto " In te iesu
spes mea."

On
it

the field of the escutcheon appear the printei-'s initials,

a
scroll

and under
"

is

inscribed " Jaques

cousin."

The
:

title

is

as

follows, printed at the

head of the page, over the woodcut

Ortus vocabulorum Alphabetico ordine fere omnia

c[ue in Catholico.

Breuiloquio, Cornucopia.

Gemma

vocabulorum atque Medulla grammatice

:

ponimtur, cuui vernacule lingue Anglicane expositione continens

nouiter

Impressus Anno

salutis vicesimo supra

millesimum

et

quingentesimum.

Die vero vicesima septima mensis Junii." On the reverse of the leaf is found the " Prologus," as beforc.
dictionary
is

The
the

printed iu double columns,

is
.

Sign.

A.

ii.

to

LL.

iii.

reverse of the last leaf

the colophon
, . .

summa
dihgentia
:

On

" Adest studiosissimi

Quum
:

igitur

sit

collectum
viris

vigilantique studio correctum

studiosis

vt maius in hicem prodiret

ipsum a

comparandum
optimis
et

esse constat.

Impressum. Per Magistrum Petrum

sahitis

Oliuier

caracteribus.

Anno

christiaue vigesimo
Octobris."''

supra

millesimum
edition

quingentesimum Die vero quiuta mensis

Dimensions, 7g inches by 5 inches.

is

Mr. Grenville observed that

this

not mentioned by Panzer, Maittaire, or in any work which he

had

seen.
edition, to

The second
continent,

which alhision has been made as produced ou the

at

was Hkewise printed

Rouen, at the joint costs of a bookseller

hbrarii,"

of that city and of another,

John Gachet, " mercatoris

as he

is

elsewhere designated, and

*

who appears
is

to have carried

on his trade at
at

missal of Salisbury use

in

mentioned
for

in

Ames' Typ. Ant. by Herbert, printed

I

Rouen
unless

1521 by Peter Oliver

date which

Jaques Cousin.

am

unable to aceount for the

title,

discrepancy in

may be

noticed in the colophon as compared with the

we may suppose
for

that the printing

its

commenced on June

27,

and

that nearly four

months were required

completion.

Br(bs7i Miusenm Jlarl.JIS.

J^/ lol 7

verso.

<uibi tftil tu 'i^Tii^

^hmi^toz\)Ancjp\cx\ti^^

'^^^'^
^e.

^
5Sr^^W^4u^/atn i^
tAcmc^ c\tbt
f}]eta tii

if ^ie!

^jgfttvfi

^ ard \VTx-tyn ^_
^

<^^i^<^ubii1'^

%j^^jt^
^cnfip^ ^cmr/aziAribx

4
^'^. J^^R^rcIt^.
,

crlrndt^|ir^

ritcSlfn.

Uii.

APPENDIX,
Hereford possibly, aml at York.*
caine in

1x1

single copy has becn noticed, wliicli

1862 from the Hengwrt library, Merionethshire, into the possession of Mr. Kerslake, of Bristol, to whom I am indebted for pemiission to examine this vahiable book.'' The title commences as before given, and
it

conckules tluis

" Impressum
i

Impensis honestorum virorum Johannis Caillard

trahentis. et Johannis
tionis

Rothomagi per Eustachinm Hardj. librarii Rothomagi moram

feliciter."

Gachet Herfordensis commorantis Anno incarnaii

dominice Millesimo quiugentesimo decimoseptimo incipit

the Annunciation
is

A small woodcut of
page.

introduced at the bottom of the

In the colophon

likewise found the date 1517, " die vero penul-

tima mensis Maii."

St.

On

the last page

there

is

a large woodcut ot
is

George and the anns of England.

stamped binding, probably EngUsh

This unique vohnne

;

in the

original

on one of the sides are figm-es

of St.

John the EvangeHst, St. Barbara, St. Catharine, and St. Nicholas. The foUowing names of former possessors occur, " Thomas Heapey. Iste liber pertinet ad Thomam Thomas Keteylby owith this booke. After the colophon there are woodcuts of the Greek letters, Ketylby."

strangely formed, with the heading, " Sequitur figura alphabeti greci.'\

The book

is

well printed and in fine condition

sign.

iiii.

to

TT
tiiat

ii.

(htlie

mensions 7g
*

inches

by 5|.
to

The

text appears to

foUow

of

John Gaehet appears

with the following

have been established rn 1516 at York; he there pursued

his calling near the Minster.

Herbert possessed a copy of a

:

Missal

title

" Missale

folio

edition of the

York

ad usum celeberrime ecclesie Eboracensis,

optimis caracteribus recenter Impressum, cura peruigili

maximaque lucubratione, mendis

quam
bene

pluribus emendatum. Sumptibus et expensis Johannis Gachet, mercatoris librarii

meriti, juxtta prefatam ecclesiam
et

commorantis anno domini decimo sexto supra

millesimum
fectum."
vol.
i.

quingentessimum.

Die vero quinta Februarii completum atque per-

vol. iii. p. 1437; Maittaire, Ann. Typ., Index, Herbert notices also (p. 1438) a Breviary of York use, " in preclara Parrhisiensi academia in edibus videlicet Francisci Regnault impressum, ac expensis

Ames' Typ. Ant. by Herbert,

p. 74.

honesti viri Joannis Gascheti, in predicta Eboracensi civitate commorantis," 1526; and a York Processional printed " Impensis Johannis Gachet, librarii Ebor. 1530." See

Gough's
*>

Brit.

Top. vol.

ii.

p. 425.

Within the cover

is

pasted a book-label

" R. Wmes Vaughan,

of

Hengwrt,"

being
died
in

that of Sir Robert Williames

Vaughan,

Bart.,

Nanney,

co.

Merioneth,

who

1859.

His valuable collection of

MSS.

has come into the possession of AV.

W.

E. Wynne,

Esq. M.P. of Peniarth.

CAMD. SOC.

Ixii

APPENDIX.
by

editions

Wynkyn

de Worde, and

it is

of

tlie

same

sniall

quarto form as

that of so

many grammatical works from

tlie

liis

press.

Having described
pilation

various editions of the Ortus Yocabulorum, a

comthe

which

may

be placed amongst the most rare and instructive books

it

of

its

class

and period in any coimtry,

may

suffice to notice briefly

grammatical and lexicographical

treatises

fi'om

which materials

for

the

work were obtained.

tance

I have ah-eady pointed out that considerable assisderived.

may have been

from the dictionary,

j^recisely

analogous in

character, attributed by Bale

and other writers to the author of the Promp-

torium, namely the " Medulla Grammatice," to wliich the compiler in the

Prologue of the Ortus acknowledges his obligations.

viously given (see

We

here find

lilce-

wise enumerated the " CathoKcon," of which some notice has been prey>.

xxiii. ante)

a compendium also of that voluminous

work

entitled " Breviloquus " or " Vocabularius Breviloquus," attributed to

Guarinus, probably the learned grammarian of Verona, at the close of the

and the " GemVocabulorum," a dictionary which appears, by the number of editions printed at Antwerp, the Hague, Strasburgh, and elsewhere, to have been
"^

fourteenth centmy ;^ the " Cornucopia" by Xicolas Perotti;

ma

highly esteemed.*^
in

On

comparison of a copy of a Latin-German dictionary

my own j^ossession, printed at Strasbm'gh, 1508, and entitled " Vocabularius Gemma gemmarum," I find its contents for the most part identical witli those of
"

the Ortus, with the exception tliat and

at

EngHsh

Avords are

It

was printed

at Basle as early as 1480,

Strasburgh in 1491,

Of

the Breprsef.

viloquus, see Fabrie. Bibl.

51,
^

Med.et

Inf. Lat.,

t. iii.

pp. 119, 120;

Du

Cange, GIoss.,

Du
Du

Cange, nt supra, Cange,

52.

The " Cornueopia,

sive lingue Latine

commentarii," was
at Deventer in

frequently printed; the

"^

first

edition being that given at Venice in 1489.

prsef.

51, notices the

Gemma
t.

Yocabulorum published
i.

1502, or, aecording to Maittaire, Ann. Typ.,

ever, have
to

p.

728, in 1500.

There may, how-

been more than one such work, somewhat similar in

title

and not readily

Angl.,

be distinguished.

Among MSS.

bequeathed by Junius to the Bodleian occurs

Catal.

"

Gemma Gemmarum,

Dictionarium Latino-Germanicum."

MSS.

t.

i.

p.

Vocabulorum dictus; editio aucta sub titulo Gemma Gemmarum ;" Argent. 1505, and also an edition printed at the same place in 1518, " Dictionarium quod Gemma Gemmarum vocant," &c. but called " Vocabularius Gemma gemmarum " in the colophon. Panzer and Brunet cite several editions
252.
also of the "

We

find the " Vocabularius optimus

Gemma

Vocabulorum Gemmula," the two

earliest

being those printed at Antwerp in

1472 and 1487.

APPENDIX.
found in the latter iu place of Gei-nian.
In the
title

Ixiii

of the edition of the

Ortus in 1514, described p, lix. supri, we find these authorities combined " cum perpulcris additionibus Ascefi " (? for Ascensii, or Ascensianis),
to whicii

no allusion

is

made

in the earlier editions.

Jodocus Ascensius,

father-in-law of the eminent scholar and lexicographer Robert Stephens,

was a writer of considerable note

It

at the period of the revival of learning.

from which of his treatises these pei-pulcne additiones were selected to angment the Ortus. The " frugiferai aunotaeasily be ascertained

may not

tiones " of Ascensius enriched, as

we

are informed, the highly-esteemed

Lexicon by Calepin in 1525*

I have sought in vain to ascertain
this Latin-English dictionary
;

who may have been

the compiler of

to

which I have been desirous to invite

attention as a

comparatively
antiquities.

work of considerable intcrest, and from its rare occurrence unknown to the student of eitlier mediteval language or
however, from the foregoing observations that

It will be seen,

in the preparation of the Ortus, the earliest

work of

its class

printed in

England, the most erudite authorities available at the period had been
consulted.

The following enumeration

writers.

of editions of the

Ortus Vocabulorum

may

be acceptable in default of accurate notices of the work by bibliographical

1500.

W.
;

de

Worde; folio. Hari.

Catal. nos.

5213,5304;
his

Grenv.
in

Libr. Brit. Mus.;

copy with notes by Junius

among

MSS.

the

Bodleian
1508.

imperfect copy in Mr. Wilbraham's Library.

W.

de

Worde; 4to. Harl.

4to.

Catal. nos. 151G9, 15170.

1509

Pynson;

Herberfs

copy, in the King's Library, British

Museum.
1511.

W.

only copy

de Worde;4to. Thorpe's Catal. in 1843, described known imperfect copy in possession of Albert Way.
;

as

the

'

An

account of the literary labors of Ascensius

is

given by Maittaire, Vit. Steplia-

norum, pp. 17, 109. His treatises " De Epistolis" and " De Orthograpliia Latinorum dictionum " were included in a collection published in 1501, to which he prefixed a preface

" ex

officina nostra litteraria in Parrhis. Lutetia."

Another of

his works, the "

Voca-

bulorum

Interpretatio,"

may be found
p. 403.

iii

the

Opus Grammaticum

of Sulpitius Verulanus,

printed by Pynson, 1505, and stated to be " cuin textu Ascensiano recognito et aucto."

Dibdin, Typ. Aut.

vol.

i.

IxiV

APPENDIX.

1514.

W.

de

Worde; 4to. Grenv.

vi. lot.

Libr.;

and Gen. Libr.

Brit.

Mus.

Heber
Albert

Catal. part

2583; copy, sligbtly imperfect, in possession of

Way.

1516.
t.

W.

de Worde,

4to. Heber

Catal. part

\{. lot

2584. Maittaire,

p. 294. 1517. Eustace Hardy, Eonen, for Joh Caillard and Joh. Gacliet 4to. See p. Ix. supra ; formerly in the Hengwrt library. 1518. W. de Worde; 4to. Mr. Wilbraham's library; copy from
;

IL

Heber's hbrary in possession of Sir Frederic Madden. 1520. Peter Olivier, Kouen, for Jaques Cousin 4to.
;

Grenv.

Libr.

Brit.

Mus

1528.
1532.
of Mi'.

W. W.

de Worde; 4to. Gen. Libr. Biit. Mus.

de Worde, 4to. Geu. Libr. Brit.

Mus

copy in possession

Heury Huth.

1533.

W.

de

Worde

4to. Ames' Typ. Ant. by Herbert.

The valuable Enghsh-Latin (3.) " Catholicon in Lingua materna." Dictiouary, frequently cited in the notes to this edition of the Promptorium as the " Cathohcon Anglicum," is a MS. which was kindly confided
to

me

in

wliolly

1841 by Lord Monson, as before stated.* Its contents are distinct from those of the Promptorium; the nouns, verbs, and

other parts of speech are arranged consecutively in al2)habetical order,

instead of forniing, as in the Promptoriimi, a Nominale and a Verhale.

The MS.
by
6.

consists of 16 " quatenii," or

192 leaves

dimensions 8f inches

At

the end of the Dictionary, which forms 183 leaves, are the fol-

lowing note and colophon:

" Nota.

Quum ad
proficere

utilitatem et

comodum

siugulorum, in grammatica
et

precipue

cupiencium, hanc

brevem
sic

summariam tabulam
respicienti

extractam de tabula prescripta Catholicon breviter nuncupatur in linguam

maternam, Deo disponente,

studenti, supplicans si

disposui,

jam

proferre

seu

qua

in ea reprehensione digna invenerit, aut corrigat,

aut oculis clausis

pertranseat, aut

saltem

^ Sed
*

inquirendo quisque prudenter caveat,

p. x. I reeall

humane ignorancie imputet, tum de variacione linguarum

my
attention was directed to this

See Advertisement,

with pleasure that

Jate

remarkable MS. by a valued friend at Lincoln, the

Mr. E. J. Willson, by

whom

it

had been

cited as explanatory of a few architectural terms.

AFPENDIX.
diversarum,

Ixv

tum de

translacione

diversorum verborum

Latinorum

in

linguam maternam transformandorum.

1[

Et quicquid

inferius offendero,

mihi parcat

socialis dileccio.

Amen.

Corpus scribentis benedicat lingua

Explicit Catliolicon in lingua materna.

legentis.

Anno domini

1483."

I have found no clue to the author

indicate that

the dialectical peculiarities seem to

it was compiled in the North-Eastern parts of England amongst names of places occm-ring in it, besides London, Salisbury, Bath,

Oxford and Cambridge, I notice Norwich, Lincoln, York, Eichmond,

Ripon, Durham, and Carlisle
ties,
;

no other places in the North-Western counchief aiithors

however, are found.

The

and Latin works

cited are

Virgil, Ysidore, Papias, Brito,

Hugutio, the Catholicon, the Doctrinale,

;

the gloss ou the Liber Equivocorimi (by John de Garlandia)

many hexa-

meter verses also are given from some popular grammatical work, possibly

by that

wiiter.

A fenny district may have

find sedge

been familiar to the author, since

hill,

amougst other words we

and sedge

rush and rush

;

hill,

namely, as I imagine, the stack or pile of sedge or rushes also reed and reed bed, fen, marsh, " natte " and " natte " maker, " schergrysse,
carex,^''

"jonkett for

fish,

/jrtssa,"

&c.

On

the fullowing indication of a former owner:

ecclesie Cathedi-alis beate

the reverse of the last leaf

" Liber

is

Thome Flowre

Succ'

Marie Lincoln.

Anno domini
is

M.ccccc.xx."*

This venerable
Its value as a

relic of

media?val learning
state of our

in very perfect condition.

memorial of the

language at the period can

scarcely be too highly estimated,

and
is

it

is

probable the

MS. may
list

be the

author's holograph,''

At

the end

found a Latin and English

pater, a fader," &c.

of tenns

of consanguinity
(4.) I

commencing " Hic

am

indebted to Sir Frederic

Madden

for pointing out to nie

another copy of the English-Latin Dictionary last described, written as he

a I do not find the sub-chanter

Thomas Flower

in the Fasti of Lincoln.

occurs amongst the prebendaries of that church in 1571.

described

may have been

of Lincoln CoUege,

Oxford
edit.

John Flower The owner of the MS. above Thomas Flower was one of the
vol.
iii.

proctors of the university in 1519.

*>

Le Neve,

Hardy,

p. 486.

Some
iu

curious indications oocur of popular notions, which

may

give a clue to the

country where the author lived.

rife

We

find the belief in the Igiiis fatuus,

which

is still

some fenny

districts,

here shewn by the word "

o'

Hobb

Trusse, hic prepes, hic neis

gociu^.''''

In some parts of England the Will Lantern," or " Hob-thrush;" Atig. Sax. thyrs.
country dialect.

the wisp

Brockett gives "

known as " Hob and his Hob tlirust," North

Again, we find " Sterne slyme, aM!'i>," the

jelly (r)'g?e//(t) projccted

Ixvl

APPENDIX.
Brit.

suppSsed about 1450.

at the sale of Newmaii's coUection

Mus. Add. MS. 15,562. It was purchased by Messrs. Sotheby in 1845, and is

unfortunately imperfect, beginning

hic accusator,'"

"...

calumpniari,''^ &c.

an accusere,

and ending,

f.

142

vo. ""Wrathe,
:

/ra,"

&c.

On
is,

paper.

The various readings are numerous and of value mostly the same as that of Lord Monson's MS.
(5.) Latin-English

the text

however,

Vocabulary,

attributed to

"William

Liggram, a
contaius

monk

of

Christ-Church,

Canterbury.
class.

Harl.

MS. 1587; which

other treatises of the

same

(6.) Latin-EnglishVocabuhary, Brit.

Mus. MS.Reg. 17
Early xv. ceut.
f.

C xvii.f. 21 r%
at the

edited by Mr. T.

Wright

in his

vohune of Vocabularies published

p.

expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer,

185.
list
;

In the same

MS. may be found

(7.)

another similar

38.

Latin-English Vocabulary, xv. cent. Brit. Mus, Add.

MS. 25,238;

purchased from Lord Robert Montagu, in June, 1863.

classed by subjects, beginniug

" Hic pater, hic genitor, a Fadur," &c.

The words are

Ou

paper, 58 leaves,
(8.) Latin-English

Vocabulary by Xicholas de IMunshulle, a writer not

noticed by Lelaud, Bale, or Pits. Bishop Tanner designates

him

"

Anglus
BibL

Grammaticus

insignis.

Scripsit

cmn
Coll.

interpretatione
Triu.

Anglica,
1,

de generibus nominum, sive nominale,

'

Hic Deus, Anglice Gode.'

Bodl. super A.
:

MS.
93.
avi,

Oxou. B.

10.

MS. BibL

1, art.

De
in

conjugationibus, &c. verborum, sive verbale

supinis, to glyde.

Pr.

labo, bas,
p.

atum

MS.

ibid."

Tanuer, Bibl. Brit. Hib.

537.

Coxe,

CataL Codd. MSS. ColL

S. Trin.,

Xo.

xiv.

am

uncertain whether this

Reference to

according to popular belief from the

stars, as

noticed hereafter, p. 474.

the noisy flights of wild fowl frequent in Lincolnshire or

Holdemess

is

probably fouud in

" Gabriell rache,

Kennett
the

hic camalion

:''"'

Ratche

signifies a

hound;

see p. 422, <//.

Bishop

states in his Glossarial Collections,

Lansd.

MS. 1033,

that " in Staffordshire the

in'

coaliers going to their pits early in the

air,

moming

hear the noise of a pack of hounds

which they give the name of Gabriel's Hounds, tho' the more sober and judicious take them duly to be wild geese making this noise in their flight." HoIIoway
to

gives, in his Provincial Dictionarj-, "

Gabble ratchets, birds which make a great noise

iu

the air in the spring evenings (North)."

APPENDIX.
nominale
is

Ixvli

identical with

tlie

" Glossanum Latino-Aiiglicnm " amongst

;

the Bodleian

MSS.

No. 2562, 67

Catal.

MSS.

Angliaj,

t. 1,

p.

135,

where a

list

of the principal subjects nnder which the words in the

MS.

are classed

may

be found.

(9.) " Nominale sub compendio compilatum tara de fixis

bilibus ;"

quam

de

mo-

Latin-English Vocabulary, xv.

;

cent.,

in

the collection of Mr.

of Vocabidaries,

Joseph Mayer

edited by

Mr. T. Wright
is

in his

Volume

before noticed, p, 206.

This nominale
its class

veiy

full,

and more instructive

than any compilation of

(10.) Pictorial

that I have seen.

Latin-English A-^ocabuhiry, in Lord Londesborough's

Library

it

contains illustrative sketches which are copied in the edition

*of this curious

nominale given by Mr. T. Wright

in his

Volume

of

Vocabularies, before noticed, p. 244.

(11.) Vocabulary of

Date xv.

cent.

names

of plants alphabetically arranged, Latin,

French, and English, xv. cent. Brit. Mus. Sloane

a similar
list in

three languages, biit less

full,
;

Harl.
it

MS. No. 5. Compare MS. 978, f. 24 v.,

hasbeen edited by Mr.
I

which appears to have been written about 1265

T.

Wright

in his

Volume

of Vocabularies, before noticed, p. 139.

pilations of this class are

numerous and deserving of attention

Commay

mention Latin-English
the cmious
''

lists of plants, Sloane MSS. 347, 3548, &c. In Practica " of a skilful physician of the time of Edward III.,

John Arderne
Sloane

of

Newark, a

list

of plants

is

given in French and English.

In Anindel MS. 42 may be found an Alphabet of Plants that contains curious matter on the virtues
56, 2002,

MSS.

Hari.

MS.

549.

of herbs, with incidental notices.

The author mentions his garden " by Stebenhythe by syde London," and relates that he brought a bough of cypress with its apples from Bristol " into Estbriztlond," fresh in Septemshow that
it

ber, to

might be pi-opagated by

slips

f.

68

v.

Dictionary

of plants exists also in Eeg.

MS. 18 A.

vi.''

Of the

earlier

Herharia and

Glossaries see the " Leechdoms, &c., of Early England," edited by the

Kev. O. Cockayne, for the Chronicles, &c., published under the direction
of the Master of the Rolls.

Of the

popular treatise attributed to

.ffimilius

Macer, a translation was made,

according to Bishop Tanner and Warton, by John Lelamar or Lelarmoure, master of

Ixvill

APPENDIX.
John de Garlandia.

(12.) " Liber Equivocorum vocabulorum," by

Amongst grammatical

treatises

by

this autlior, of

been given pp. xxvi. xxxii. swpi^a, this and the " Synonyma" claim notice on account of the Enghsh words occurring in the commentary or
" expositio," attributed to the avithor of the Promptorium. There are numerous MSS. of both works, of which also several editions were printed by Wynkyn de Worde and Pynson See Herbert, and Dibdin, Typ. Ant. voL ii. pp. 96, 406. I have consulted chiefly the edition by W. de Worde,
;

wbom some

account has

Lond. 1499.
sitio

As a specimen of the work and of the accompanying expoby Galfridus, the leanied rechise of Lynn, I may cite the following
:

curious passage

" "
1[

Fungus

boletus et fungus dicitm- ales.

gus id
ostrich

Hic docet autor quod fungus habet duas signiiicationes. Nam fimest boletus anghce paddokstole. Vel est quedam avis anglice an
:
:

quia ut ahqui dicunt est

illa

qui comedit ferrura

.i.

ferreos claves

anglice hoi-senayles.

^ Fungus

dicitur

fungor,

fungei-is,

secundum

vocem

sed a defungor, defungeris, secundum significationem, defungor

id est mori, quia

comedentes fungos, sicut phires faciunt in partibus trans-

marinis, sepius moriuntur.

Unde

Marcialis cocus,

Defunctos fungis hominis

mateme

negabis,

Boleti leti causa fucre tui."

(13). "

Synonyma," by John de Garlandia.

See
p. xvii

This
I have

work, fonnerly, as

was

also that last mentioned, in

high esteem for instruction of scholars,

,

has been ah-eady noticed.

of the edition by
fridi

supra.

made

use chiefly

W. de

Anghci," nainely,

Worde, 1500, " cum expositione magistri Galthe author of the Promptorium, whose commentaiy
Sloane

Hereford School, about 1373;

Ant. p. 158.
^

MS.

5.

version printed by Robert

Wyer,

without date, describes this Herbal as "practys'd by Doctor Lynacre.''

See Ames's Typ.

It

may

deserve notice that the " Poetria nova," ascribed by Pits to Galfridus
xviii. svjrra,

Gram-

maticus, as stated p.

but probably written by Galfridus Vinesauf, as Bishop

Tanner

observes, seeras to have been regarded at this time as a production of the former.

Under
pas.sage,

the

word " sanguis "

is

the explanation

fridus in Poetria, autor istius libri,

" idem quod progenies. Unde Gal Egregius sanguis confert Bartholomei." If
est te

this

however,
it

may be taken
some
later

as referriiig to the Friar of

Lynn,

it is

obvious that

we

mu.st ascribe

to

commentator, by

whom

additions were

made

to his expositio.

APPENDIX.
on
this trealise is

Ixlx
Pits.

mentioned by Bale and

'u\

likewise the " Equivoca," are written

hexameter

The " Synonyma," and verse, the former com-

mencing
"

Ad

mare ne videar

latices deferre

cammino."
as given by Bale

The Expositio by Galfridus Grammaticus begins,

"

^ Cum omnis

libri divisio sit utilis,"

&c.

(14.) " Vocabula Magistri Stanbrigii."

John

Stanbridge, a native of

Northamptonshire educated at Winchecter, fellow of

took active part in establishing early
treatises long in estimation.

New
;

College 1481,

grammar
his

schools

he was author of
in
;

Of these
de

Latin-EngHsh Vocabulary

hexameter verse with interlinear English explanations most deserves notice

it

was printed by

Wynkyn

Worde

in 1500, 4to.

seven editions issued

p. 91.

subsequently from his press, the latestin 1532. Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. ii. Another Latin-English Vocabulary, " Vulgaria Stanbrigii," with

phrases, &c. was printed by

see

W.

de Worde, withoat date.

Of the

author,

Bale, Pits, Tanner, and Ant. " Protovates Anglice,^''

Wood.

Robcrt Whyttynton of Lich-

field,

whose numerous grammatical works are

described by Dibdin, ut sup. p. 173

lars.

203,

was one of Stanbridge's scho-

(15.) " Vulgaria,"

by William Horman.

This

author, from whose

ilhistrations

quaint sentences and phrases in English and Latin

many

have

been cited in the notcs to the Promptorium, was a native of Salisbury,

educated at Winchester, Fellow of

New

College, 1477,

Head-master and

The first edition of his Vice-provost of Eton, where he died in 1535." " Vulgaria Puerorum" was printed by Pynson in 1519, in small 4to. ^*"
and reprinted by
Pynson.

Wynkyn

de

Worde

in 1530.'^

may

cite a

remarkable
ij.

sentence as a specimen of this singular work.

" The prynters haue founde out a

;

It occurs sign. 0.

edit.

by

crafte to

make

bolcis

by brasen

Athenae Oxon.

cording to Bale and Pits,

Tanner. Bibl. Brit. Hib., p. 412; Fuller"s Worthies, &c. AcHorman vas not of Oxford, but of King's College, Cambridge.
vol.
.

See Cooper's Athenae Cantabr.

i

p. 51.
vol.
i.

Described fully by Herbert, Typ. Ant.

Dibdin, Typ. Ant.
vol,
ii.

p.

265; Dibdin,

vol.

ii.

p. 480.
is

p.

286, from a copy in Mr. Johnes' library; there

copy of

this edition in the British

Museum ard

another at Althorp.

CAMD. SOC.

Ixx

APPENDIX.
Calcographi artem excogitaueruut im-

letters sette in ordre by a fi^ame.

primendi libros qua

literce

formis sereis excudunt."

(16.) Withars Short Dictionary. Herbert, who remarks that this is a vocabulary rather than a dictionary, notices an edition, -without date, " Im-

printed in the Lite house of 'NYilliam Caxton " by

4to.

Wynkyn

de

Worde
its

Typ. Ant.

t. i.

p.

293.

It

is

an Enghsh-Latin Vocabulary, " ga-

thered especially out of Columel, Grapald, and Phnie," as stated in

title.

This popular httle work was reprinted by Berthelet in 1554 and

1559, and by H.

Wykes
by the

in

1567;

it

was revised by Lewis Evans and

it

printed by T. Purfoot in 1572; and, having been corrected by Fleming,

was again put

edition first

1594 and 1599. Of the noticed Dibdin remarks that he had never heard of a copy.
forth
jjrinter last

named

in

Typ. Ant.,

vol.

ii.

p.

323.

rarity; it is entitled

The first edition is of great (17.) Huloefs Ei),i^lish-Latin Dictionary. " xVbecedarium Anghco-Latinum pro T}TuncuHs,
Lond. Gul. Eiddell, 1552, foh

Piicardo Huloeto Excriptore."

At

the

end

is

a "peroration to the English reader," shewing that the author had

been for ten years engaged

on the work

he promised to improve
it

it if

brought to another iiupression.

He

dedicated

to the Bishop of Ely,

Thomas Goodricke, Lord

the translation of the
in the time of

Chancellor, a scholar of some note, employed in

New

Testament and the compilation of the Litiu-gy

Edward VI.
chiffly

An

edition greatly

augmented by John Higaddition of the

gins was printed 1572 by

Thomas Marsh, with

French,

and many phrases,

pubhshed
in 1564.

from Thierry's French and Latin Dictionary,

work

as almost a

Anthony Wood speaks of this revised edition of Huloefs new book. It is dedicated to Sir George Peckham.
Dictionary by Peter Levins, or

(18.) English-Latin
scarce

Levens.

This

voluiue

is

entitled "

Manipulus Vocabulorum.

Dictionarie of

Enghsh and Latin wordes

hath ben
.
. .

set forthe

in suche order as

none heretofore

necessary not onely for Schollers that want variety of Words,

but also for such as use to write in EngHsh meetre."

Lond. H. BynneTreasurer of the

man, 1570.

ito.

In the dedication to

i\Ir.

Stanley,

APPliNUIX.
Queeu's miut, allusion
set forth a
is

Ixxi
that " Maister
scale.

made

to the

fact,

work of the same kind, but on a larger

Howlet" had The author was

1560
into the

a fellow of

Magdalen CoUege, Oxford, 1557; he

See Wood's Atheufe, and Tanner.
I

retired in

country, and occupied himself in the instruction of youth, and the practice

of medicine.

have seen oue copy only

of this work, preserved amongst the books giveu by Seldeu to the Bodleiau Library.

Early Treatises, Dictionaries

c^-c.for teaching

French.

(19.) Treatise by Walter de Bibelesworth.

to give instructions in

The

early works coiupiled

French may be cousulted with advautage, as throw-

iug light on archaisms occurriug in the Promptorium.

Of
first

this

class of

grammatical writings, comparatively

the " Doctrine," or
''

little

known, may

be mentioued
fist

Treytyz kc

mouu

sire

Gauter de Bibelesworthe

ma dame

Dyouisie de Mouncheusy pur aprise de langwage."

Of

this

curious metrical treatise, iu Freuch verse with

English glosses, I have

MS. 220, and the little roll, Sloaue MS. 809.^ It has been edited by Mr. Thomas Wright from the Aruudel MS. with various readiugs from other copies, aud may be fouud iu his Volume
consulted a copy in Aruudel
of Vocabularies, priuted iu
See also Sloane MS. 513,
VI.
f,

1857
f.

at the

expeuse of Mr. Joseph Mayer.'*

a fragment in Cott.

139; Harl. MSS. 490, 740

MS.

Vesp.A.

60; a

MS.

at All Souls' Coll. Oxford,

No. 1429: Catal. MSS. Anglise; and

'

a copy in the Public Library at Cambridge, No. 1396, but attribnted to

mun

seignur

Gauter de Bitbeswey."

Catal. of

MSS.

Libr. Univ.

Camb.

vol.

iii.

p. 3.

Mr. T. Wriglit

has printed numerous English glosses from this

valuable copy formerly in the
lipps, Bart.

Heber Library

Notices of the treatise

MS. in Reliquiie Ant. vol. ii. p. 78. A now in possession of Sir Thomas Philby Bibelesworth may be found in M. Genin's Preface
is

to the edition of Palsgrave's Esclarcissement

de

la

langue Fran^aise, Docuraents inedits

sur l'histoire de France, &c. Paris, 1852, p. 27.

>

may here
:

refer to

an elementary

treatise

which

have not had the opportuiiity of

examiuing, preserved at Magdalen College, Oxford, No. 188, thus described by Mr. " Institutiones lingute Gallicanse cum onomastico exemplisque Latitia lingua Coxe

Anglicanaque
p. 86.

editis.

Incipit

Diccio

gallica," &c.

Catal.

MSS.

Bibl. S.

M. Magd.
p. 29.

It is noticed at la

some length by M. Genin, Introd.

to Palsgrave's

" Esclarcisse-

ment de
sirailar

langue Francoyse," reprinted in Coll. de Doc. Int^d. Paris, 1852,

la

work, supposed by the Abbr dp

Rue

to

havc bcen written Ump. Edw. L, may

be scen in Harl.

MS. 4971.

Ixxll

APPENDIX.
to

The " Treytyz " is supposed Edward I., or possibly as early as

lady for Ayhom
it

haye been

writteii

in

the time

of

the reign of

Heniy

III.

The

father of the

was composed was "WilHam de Mounchensy, a leader of

note at the battle of Lewes, and

among

the captives and disinherited at

Kenilworth
of

Joan, his only

sister,

espoused William deValence, half-brother

;

Heniy

III.

He was

killed

by the Welsh in 1289

Dionysia, his heiress,

Of the author of this, the earhest elementaiy work of its class, little is known. Mr. Wright cites some Anglo-Norman verses in a MS. in the Bodleian, in which Walter occurs in a discussion with his friend Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, on the crusade.* Amongst many kindnesses which I recall with pleasure, rendered by the late Mr. Holmes of the British Museum, I may here mention the gift of a transcript of a Writ of Privy Seal addressed to the Chancellor, 22 Jan., 30 Edw. L; being for a pardon under the great seal,
man-ied the second son of the Earl of Oxford.
in consideration of

good

services rendered in

Scotland, to Walter " de

Bibisworthe," for breach of the park of Robert de Scales at Eevenliale,

and of the king's prison

(20.) " Femina,"
College,

at Colchester.

MS.

formerly preserved in the Library at Trinity

of later date than the treatise last de-

Cambridge

Although
MS.
is

scribed, this remarkable It

perhaps of even greater value and interest.

was

first

noticed by Hickes,

who

printed a portion of the

first

chapter,

entitled " de

assimihtudine bestianmi," with some pertinent remarks on

the philological interest of this curious composition.

mission of the Master and Seniors of Trinity College the

to

By the Hberal perMS, was entrusted

its

me

in 1843,

and I
is

liave thus

beenenabled to

offer the following descrip-

tion.

The work

compo.seil of

numerous chapters,
pi.storis "

of the body and

members, of the
of the

first

clothing in infancy, of rural matters, of the craft of

baking and of brewing (" de arte

and "
of

braciatricis "), of fishing,

names of herbs,

birds, beasts, &c.,

buikhng houses, and various

matters connected with social or daily Hfe.

distiches, alternately

These subjects are set forth in French and English, wath marginal notes to guide

the learner in regard to pronunciation.

The authors intention

MS. No.

is

thus

This interesting fragment, date about 1300, preserved in Fairfax

;

24, has

been printed by Sir F. Madden

Reliquiae Ant. vol.

i.

p. 1.34.

APPENDIX.
declared at the commenceraent
:

Ixxiii
iste

" Liber
sic

vocatm* femina quia sicut

femina docet infantem loqui maternr.m

rice

docet iste liber juvenes rethoinfantis,"

loqui gallicum."

The concluding chapter, " De moribus

gives admonitions for discreet behaviour in the various relations of social

life,

citing the

favorite
lilce,

moral treatise by Magnus Cato, the Proverbs of

Solomon, and the

"
1[

and ending

as follows

Ore priez dieu

issint puissetez finer,

Qe

a soun joye pm-rez vener.

prajetli

Now
Tlien follows a

God

so ^e

That to hys joye

30

may eud, may kome, so

be hyt.

Amen."

" kalender " or alphabetical table of words in three

columns, " linia scripcionis," the word written according to the orthography of the period; " Regula locucionis," the proper pronunciation " Regula
;

construccionis," the English rendering of the word.

For

instance, " Chien

secundum pikardiam, Chaan secundum parisium,"

first

as written under the be pronounced " cheen vel chann, an hounde;" and " Chiet secundum pikardiam, Chiat secundum parisium," has the pronun-

head,

is

to

ciation

" cheet vel chaat, an kat."

This cm-ious table ends with the aspibenedictus.

ration " Qui scripsit

nova."''
I learn,

cannen

sit

Amen.

ExpUcit

Femina

with great regret, from the librarian, Mr. Aldis Wright, that this

precious vokime, which was restored by

me

in Feb. 1844, is

no longer to

be found amongst the

MSS.

at Trinity College.

It is fortuuate that

some

portions should have bcen preserved by Hickes, although insufficient to

make

aniends to the philologist for so untoward a

loss.*^

The volume was thus entered

;

in the

catalogue,

" B.

14, 39; Liber de Ordine

Creaturarum

B. 14, 40

the Life of St. Margaret in very old English verse; Liber

Its value

rhetoricus dictus Femina, et Miscell. alia."

was well known through notices and i. pp. 144, 154. The Life of St. Margaret is there printed entire, pp. 224, 231, and described as " Dialecti NormannoSaxonicoe omnium longe nobilissimum specimen ;" thirteen distiches are also given frora " Femina." Some notice of the MS, is given by Sir Henry Ellis, Orig, Letters, third
fac-similes given by Hickes, Ling. Septentr. Thes. vol.
series, vol,
>

ii.

p. 209.

At the
is

close of the

" Femina "

is

a treatise of the same kind but of later date,

;

givihg phrases, idioms, and dialogues suited for the requirements of a traveller
these

one of between a person fresh from the wars of Henry V. and another who asks the

Ixxiv
(21.)

ArPENDlX.
The Book
French
Ant.
fur Travellers.
is

Tlie

earliest

pmited Treatise

for in-

struction in

Caxton's " Boke for Travellers," thns cited in

iv. p.

my
See

notes infra. and so entitled in Dibdin's Bibl. Spenc. vol.

also his Typ.
vol.
i.

319.

pp. 315, 317.

This rare production of Caxton's

press

is

folio,

without date, printed at Westminster, as

Ames

supposed,

The author has not been ascertained. It is printed in two columns in form of a vocabulary French and English being a compendium of household matters, animals, birds, fishes, fruits, viands, merchanbefore 1484.
;

dise,

&c.

From
many

the copy at Althorp, the only perfect one

of Mr.

known

to

Dib-

din, previously in possession

Lister Parker, I was pemiitted to

extract

curious

illustrations of

words in the Promptorium.

vol.
ii.

Mr.

Blades mentions in his Life of Caxton,

Cathedral Library at Eipon
fect
;

p.

133, a fine copy in the

;

another at Bamborough Castle

an imper-

copy (Spencer duplicate) in possession of the

leaves, formerly in

Duke

of Devonshire;
in the

and a fragment, two

Ames's possession, now

Douce
(22

collection in the Bodleian.

" LTitroductory to write

Barcley."

This

scarce

and to pronounce Frenche, by Alexander vohmie issued from the press of Kobert Coplande
:

work " at the comaundement of the iTght hye, excellent, and rnyghty prynce, Thomas, Duke of Xorfolke," namely, Thomas Howard, High Treasurer to Henry VII. appointed Earl Marshal 2 Hen. YIIL, chief commander at Flodden. Sir Henry Ellis has pointed out with much probabihty that
London, 1521, foL

The author

states

that he undertook the

Barclay

may have compiled

liis

" Introductory "

from materials of

carlier

news; the traveller relates the siege of Harfleur, the memorable battle of Agincourt, the
deaths of the Duke of York and the Earl of Suffolk. The King, he savs, is on his way home, the prisoners had reached Dover, the Londoners had gone forth to Blaekheath vvell armed that these foreigners might see what stout men the King had left at home
for the safeguard of the realm.

Doubtless the arrival of Katherine of France made the

study of Freneh fashionable

the

name

of Williara Kyngesmylle, an O.xford

is

pedagogue

who
*

kept an " ostelle " in that University,

mentioned

he may have been the author "

of this portion of the j\IS.

Bale, p. 723, gives amongst his

Gallica," beginning

" Multi ac
of

uumerous writings one

homines
literati ;"
;

entitled
is

De

pronunciatione
p.

varii

this

repeated by Pits,

745.

For further notices

Barclay see AVood's AthenEc

Warton's Eng. Poet.

sect. xxi.\.;

Ritson^s Bibliogr. Poct. p. 46.

APPENDIX.
date.

IXXV

He

was, liowever,

a scliular of niore tbau ordinary attainments,

;

conversant with languages

his

principal work, the " >Ship of Fools,"

is

stated to have been translated out of Latin, French,

and Dutch, whilst he

was chaplain

in the college of St.

Mary

Ottery, Devon.

(23.)

''

A good

boke to lerne to speke French."

rare little

manual
Grenv.

intended probably for the use of travellers and merchants.

Printed by
(ibid.

Pynson, without date (Brit. Mus.); and

Libr.)

Wynkyn

de Worde.

(24.) Introductory to learn French, by Giles Dewes.

This veiy

scarce

work was compiled by a teacher of note

in

the sixteenth century, whose

name should perhaps be written du Wes,

posed that he was a native of France
;

or

du Guez

de Vadis.

It is

sup-

he was clerk of the library at West-

minster to Henry VII. and Henry VIII., and instructor in French to Prince Arthur aud the Lady Mary, Plis work is entitled, " Au Introductorie for to

leme

to

rede, to

pronounce and to speke French trewly,"

of

&c. compiled for the

Lady Maiy, daughter

Henry VIII.

London,

John Waley,

4to.

It consists

of grammatical rules,

a large vocabulary,

letters, dialogues,

&c. which seem to have passed between the princess,

her teacher, and her almoner, as exercises. It appears by internal evidence

that the work was compiled about 1527,

when the Lady Mary was

eleven

years of age,*

copjy of this edition is in the Grenville Library, Brit.

lilcewise printed

Mus.

The work was

by Thomas Godfray, Lond.

s.

d.

and by N, Bourman for John Eeynes [1532?] (Grenv, Libr.) Ofthe edition by Godfray a reprint has been editedby M. Genin, and is appended
to

that

of

Palsgrave's

" Esclarcissement,"

noticed

hereafter.

These

reprints of
lished

two works of extreme rarity form a volume of the

;

series

pub-

by the Minister of Public Instruction

Coll. de

Docum.

Inedits sur

THist. de France, 11^ serie, 1852.

See tbe account of Dewes

xxxv., where
to the

in

the Introduction bj
St. Olave'3

M. Genin,

p. 14.

Weever has
states that

preserved his epitaph formerly in

Poet. vol.
ii.

Church,

See also Warton^s Hist, Eng,

sect.

it

is

stated tbat he died in 1535.

coiirt

Stowe

he

was preceptor, not only

to the
p.

personages of the English

Scots,

above mentioned, but also

Hist.

King

of France, the

King of

and the Marquis

of Exeter,

London,

230.

JXXVI

APPEXDIX.

(25.) " Lesclarcissement de la langue Francoyse," by Jolin Palsgrave,

1530.

A minnte
is

description of this importaut book, whicli

is

dedicated to

Henry VIII.^

given by Dibdin, and more recently by

]\I.

Genin in the

Introduction to the reprint edited by

Inedits sur Thistoire de France."^

him

for the collection of "

Documents

The work, the

earliest existing

grammar

of the French tongue, consists of niles for pronunciation, a very fuU voca-

buiary of substantives in English and French alphabetically arranged,

similar

tables

of pronouns,

adjectives,

and other parts of speech, an

ample Hst of verbs being specially valuable to the student of obsolete expressions, on accoimt of the quaint sentences by which each verb is
illustrated.

The author, who

styles himself in the

Title "

Angloys natyf
sister of

de Londres, et gradne de Paris," and who studied also both at Cambridge

and Oxford, had been chosen

VIII., previously to her

to instruct the

Lady Mary,

Henry

mamage
,

with Louis
is

XIL

In the Privy Purse

Expenses of Heniy VIII. 1513, Palsgrave

designated " scolemaster to

my

lady Princes," and he accompanied her to France in the following year.

for

His services are veiy favorably recognised by Henry in the privilege

seven years prefixed to the work, anddated 8ept.
shortly after
its

2,

22 Hen. VIII. (1530),

July,'"

completion, as thus stated in the colophon,

xviii.

"The imprintin

yng fynysshed by Johan Haukyns the

beforementioned.
It has,

daye of

the year

however, been supposed that the book

may have

been produced from the press of Pynson, by

were sold under the
aiithor's direction.<=

whom

it is

certain that copies

On

his return

from France with

the youthful Queen, Palsgrave was

;

much

in request as a teacher of the

young nobility he enjoyed considerable prefemient in the church, and was collated by Cranmer to the rectory of 8t Dunstan's in the East,

*
^

Typ. Ant. vol.

iii.

p. 36.5.

Deuxieme Serie, Histoire des Lettres et des Sciences, Paris, 1852, 4to. A single copy of the work was found in France in the Bibliotheque Mazarine. A reprint of the rare grammar hy Giles Dewes before described is giveu in the same volume, and an ample Index to Palsgrave's work is a most valuable accessory to this reprint. In a letter to Cromwell from Stephen Yaughan, who was very desirous to obtain a copy of the work, it is said that Palsgrave had instructed Pynson to sell it only to such persons as he might direct, " lest his proffit by teehing the Frenche tonge myght be mynished by the sale of the sanie."' Sir H. EUis, Orig. Letters, third series, vol. ii.
"^

p. 214.

APPENDIX.
London.*
;

Ixxvii

The " Esclarcissement " is a volume of great varity the only copy known to Anthony Wood was that among Selden's books in the
Bodleian, but five copies
British Museum, and
are

noticed by Dibdin

it

may

be found in the

in the University Library at

Cambridge.

The first printed Vocabulary, Latin (26.) " Catholicum Parvum." and French, appears to be the rare volume printed for Louis Cruse, al. Garbin, at Geneva, 1487, entitled " CathoUcum parvum." A Latin-French
dictionary

was printed by Martin Havard

at Lyons, 1499.

The " Catholi-

cum

abbreviatimi," or " Vocabularius brevidicus," was pubUshed by

Anre-

thony CayUaut at Paris about the close of the fifteenth century, and
printed there by

John Lambert

in 1506.''

(27.) French-Latin Dictionary by Robert Estienne (Stephanus).

The

earUest French-Latin Dictionary

that pubUshed by Estienne at Paris, In 1538 he issued his " Dic1539, reprinted with additions in 1549. tionarium Latino-GaUicum ;" an edition " muUo locupletius " appeared in
is

154G

the work was apparently foundedon his " Thcsaurus Ungujs latinaj,"
first

of which the
in 1536.

edition

was pubUshed

at Paris in 1531,

and the second

In these last he introduced French interpretations of the Latin

In 1557 this learned lexicographer brought out at Geneva a words. " Dictionnaire des mots Fran^ois." See Brunet under Estienne, Nicot, &c.
(28.) " Dictionaire Francoislatin, &c. corrig^ et augmente par Maistre This is the Paris, chez Jacques du Puys, 1564 ;" foUo. Tliieriy.

Jehan

French-Latin Dictionary by Robert Estienne abovementioned, and repiinted

For more
vol.
;

full

particulars regarding this remarkable scholar see Athenoe

vol. vi. p.

Oxon. by

Bliss,

i.

p.

122; Beloe"8 Anecdotes of Literature,

i.

344; Baljer's Biogr.

Dramat.
ii.

Cooper'3 Atbenfe Cantabr. vol.

p. 119; Ellis'8 Origj Letters, third series, vol.

p. 211.

b I

may here
It
is

notiee the " Petit Vocabulaire Latin-Fran^-ais

du

xiii* si^cle,"

recently

published by Chassant from a

of Lyra.

MS.

at

Evreux, and formerly in the library of the abbey

Paris, 1857,

accompanied by a short Nominah arranged by subjects.

12mo.

CAMD. SOC.

Ixxviii

APPENDIX.
left

from a copy

by him at his death,

in

which

many

additions had been

made by

Thievry and other leamed scholars."

(29.) Latin,
scarce little

English, and French Dictionary by John Yeron.

is

Tliis

volnme

entitled " Dictiouariohmi

Puerornm, tribus

linguis,

Latina, Anghca, et Gallica conscriptnm.

In hoc nndte tantum pura?que

simt dictiones, &c.

Parisiis, cui

Latino

gallicum nuper ediderat Rob.

Stephanus

Anglicam interpretationem Joannes Veron nunc primum adOn the iecit. Londini, apud Reginaldum Wolfium. Auno mdlii." 4to. reverse is an addi'ess in Latin verse by Veron (mispriuted Herou) " ad
yoiith he says that

puenim linguanim studiosum," and in a subsequent address to British he was iuduced by the sight of 8tephens's Dictionary to
There are two signatures A.
i
,

undertake the work.

on the second of

whicli tlie Dictionary begins, concluding

on the reverse of the leaf follow-

iug sign. Gggg.

in

V.

The Latin words

Italic.

are printed in

Roman, the Euglish

Wack

letter,

the French in

This dictiouary coutains cuiious ar-

chaisms.t

It is very rarely

to be found, owing doubtless to the destruc-

tion of such elementary books in the

hands of heedless learners, amongst

in request, not only as

whom

the book must have been

much

an auxiliary

to instruction in the

Frencli tongue, but as the

tlie

most convenient Latin-

Euglish dictiouary produced subsequently to

Promptoriiim.

(30.) I cannot close this section of uotices of early lexicography without

mention of the valuable work of Eandle Cotgrave, frequently

followiug pages.

cited in the

Subsequently to the appearauce of Palsgrave's French grammar and vocabularies in 1530, no Freuch and English word-book of
*

This

may have been

in

Queen of Seots

Edinburgh

the work which occiirs in the Inventory of the books of " Dictionar in Frenche and Latine. Castle, 1578.

Mary

Ane

vther Dictionar in Frenche and Latine." Inventaires de la royne Descosse, edited for the

Bannatyne Club by Mr. Joseph Robertson,

late
^

Pref. p. cxlv. contributed to the

Club by the
Latin and

Marquis of Dalhousie, 1863.

Dibdin, Typ. Ant.
vol. iv, p. 18.

Lowndes

notices only a Dictionary in

English by John Yeron, newly eorrected and enlarged by R.

W.

(Rodolph AVaddington),

given as Yernon

Lond. 1575 and 1584. See also the notice by Watt. The author's name is sometimes in one of his theological works he styles himself " Senonoys," and he
;

was probably a native of Sens.

APPENDIX.
note
is

Ixxix

found, with the exception of Claiidius Hollyband's French and

Engpre-

lish Dictiouary

published in

1593, 4to., a volume of sonie

rarity,''

ccded in 1573 by his " Freuch Schoolemaister," to which a brief vocabulary was annexed, until the publication of Cotgrave's " Dictionnaire of the

French and English Tongues,"

It
Cecil, knight,

first printed by Adam Islip, London, 1611. was decUcated tothe author's " verygood Lord and Maister, 8ir William

Lord Burghley," eldest son of the Earle of

J.

Exeter,'^

aud

commended " au favorable Lecteur Fraucois " by Parisien." The work must have proved highly
1632
it

L'oiseau de Tourval,

acccptable,

and may

still

be consulted with advantage by the students of obsolete language.

lu

received the desirable addition of an English-French Dictionary

by Robert Sherwood.<^

Glossaries of Pr^ovincial
(31.) "

and

obsolete

Words,

^-c.

Collection of English
first
;

Words

not gcnerally used

;"

Ray, F.R.S.

The

by John and

edition of this well-kuown and valuable glossary

was published in 1674

Proverbs," 1768.
*

the second,

much augmented,

in

1691

it

was

republished iu the fourth edition of the author's " Collectiou of English

The elementary works by

this teacher of

languages were in

much

esteem.

Lowndes

does not mention the rare "

of

Campo
alias

di Fior, or else the Flourie Field of foure languages,

M. Claudius Desainliens,
I

It contains

dialogues in Italian, Latin, Freneli, and English,

Holiband ;" Lond. Thos. Vautrouillier, 15S3, 12mo. In regard to early aids to
Dictionary by William Thomas, 1548,

the study of Italian

may

cite the Italian-English

as containing obsolete English words.

^

Sir William

was grandson of the

.

Lord High Treasurer, created Baron Burgiiin

ley

by Elizabeth in 1571

He

appears by the preface to have been well skilled

French,

and may have received

^

instruction from the author.

may here mention

the useful " Alvearie, or Triple Dictionarie in Englishe, Latin,

and French," by John Baret, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Cooper's Atlienie It was printed by Denham in 1573, and agaiii in 1580, with Cantabr. vol. i. p. 421. Several early and rare the addition of Greek to the three languages before mentioned. polyglot vocabularies might be enumerated as containing archaisms not undeserving of the
attention of the student of our language in the
elator'" in six
Joli.

Tudor
to

age.

I recall a curious

" Nomen-

tongues, including Latin, French, Italian,

;

Daubmann

of wliieh a copy
;

was shewn
is

and Englisb, Nuremberg, 1548; me by Mr. David Laing in thc Signet

Library at Edinburgh

the Italian

designated as " TFe/sc/i."

Ixxx

APPENDIX.

Tlie Glossary appended (32 ) Glossarial Collections by Bishop Kenuett. by the learned Bishop of Peterborongh to his " Parochial Autiquities," of

which the

first

edition appeared in 1695,

is

liighly to be appreciated.

woidd
which
tion
is

invite attention to his valuable collection of obsolete

and provincial

expressions preseiTed in the British

I

Museum,

in

Lausdovme MS. 1033,

Tliis large corupila-

have cited frequently iu the foUowiug pages.

distinct
;

whoUy

from the printed Glossary, and seems well deserving

doubt that uumerous dialectic words are here to

of pubHcatiou
tions, there

independeutly of the vahie of the etymological suggeslittle

can be

be fouud, which have subsequently been

whoUy

disused aud forgotteu.^

(33.) Glossary uf Archaic

aud Proviucial Words, by the

late

Eev.

Jonathan Boucher, Vicar of Epsom.

A portion
was

of this work, coutaiuing

the letter A, was printed after the death of the author in 1804 by Sir F.

Mortou Edeu

Lond. 1807, 4to.

It

entitled "

Supplement to Dr.

Johuson's Dictionary, or a Glossaiy of Obsolete aud Provincial Words."

lu 1832 auother edition commenced under the editorial care of the late

Mr. Huuter, author of the Hallamshire Glossaiy, and of Mr. Joseph Steveusou.

Two

parts were j^iublished in 4to. coutaiuiug Boucher's lutroduc-

toiy Essay, with the Glossary as far as the

word

" Blade."

Mr. Bouchers

MSS. remained

in

Mr. Huuter's hauds

sold by

at the

dispersion of his Ubraiy,

after his death iu 1861, these Glossarial coUections

were purchased by Mr.

they were agaiu sold at

EusseU Smith, aud

him

to

Mr. HaUiwell

Messrs. Sotheby's in 1864, aud came iuto the possession, as I beUeve, of

Mr. C. E. Hodgkiu, West Derby, Laucashire.

(34.) " Glossary of
thors, particularly

Words,

Phi-ases, &c. iu the

works of EugUsh au;"

Shakespeare and his contemporaries

by Ai'chdeacon
replete with
fii-st

Nares.

This valuable work, which

4to.
;

I have often cited as explainiug artitle, is

chaisms of au earUer period thau that set forth iu the

curious Ulustrations of early lauguage and Uteratm'e.

It

was

pub-

Ushed in 1822, Lond.

*

a secoud edition, considerably augmented, was

these coUeetions -were probably compiled towards the
after the earliest printed notice of local words,

The Bishop died

in

1728

close of the previous century,

and not long

as carly as

name)y that published by Ray

the
]\IS.

1674, but brief and nieagre as compared with

Glossarv above fitcd.

APPENDIX.
produced in 1859 by Mr.
J.

Ixxxi

O. Halliwcll and Mr. Thonias

Wright

Lond. 2

vols. 8vo.

by Williani Holloway." (35.) " General Dictionary of Provincialisms London, 1840, 8vo. In the Litroduction certain local expressions, chiefly occurring in the Eastcrn and Nortliern parts of England, are emnnerated,
;

supposed to be of Danisli origin.

(36.) " Dictionary of Ai-chaic

and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, by Mr. James Orchard Halliwell,

&c. from the fourteenth century ;"

F.R.S. 2
(37.)

vols. 8vo.

1847.

" Dictionary of Obsolete

and Provincial English, containing

words from the English Writers previous to the nineteenth century which
are no longer in use or are not used in the
are

same sense, and words which now used only in the Provincial Dialects :" compiled by Mr. Thomas Wright, M.A. London, 1857, 12mo. lu this useful work of refereuce

nmnerous

illustrations of
Gillett,

East Anglian dialect

will be found,

communicated

by the Rev. E.

Vicar of Runham, Norfolk.

(38.) " Vocabulary of East Anglia, an attempt to record the vulgar

tongue of the twin

last

sister counties,

Norfolk and Suifolk, as

it

existedin the

twenty years of the eighteenth century," &c.

By
from

the late Rev. Eobert

vols.

Forby. London, 1830.

Edited by the Rev. George Turner, 2

12mo.

A supplementary volume
the late Rev.

was published

in 1858,

collections

made by

W.

T. Spurdens of

North Walsham, 1840.

Mr. Forby's

autograph papers, containing the originals of his Vocabulary, are preserved

in the library of Caius CoIIege, in

Cambridge, to which they were prcsented

IVIiller.

1846 by the Rev. George

Catalogue of
p.

MSS.

Gonville and

Caius CoU. by the Rev. J. J. Smith,

304.

Forby commenced

his glossarial collection,

About the time when Mr. a similar work was compiled by

Mr. Anthony Norris, described as a " Glossary or Dictionary explaining the obsolete words used by old English writers, with references to examples where they occur
;

to

which

is

added a catalogue of

local

and vulgar
is

words used in the county of Norfolk, about 1780."

illustration of the county of Norfolk,

This

MS. volume

supposed to have formed part of the collection made by Mr. Norris for the

which camc into the possession of the

Ixxxii
Riglit

APPENDIX.
Hon.
the
J.

H.

Frere.
tlie

It

was subsequently in
to the late Mr.
it

Sir

John Fenn's Li-

brary, and passed into

liands of the Rev.

Jonathan Boucher, deceased in

1804

MS. was then added

and

Dawson Turner's NorfoUc

collections,

at their dispersion

was purchased by the Hon. F. WalIn regard to the nunierous provin-

pole of Rainthorpe Park, Norfolk.

cialisms wliich occur in Norfolk, relics of the peculiar dialect with which

the author of the Fromptorium declared that he was exclusiyely conversant,

it is

not without iuterest to observe that a writer on agricultm"al sub-

jects, eighty years since,

Mr. Marshall, has stated

that, during

avery short
has given

time

wliilst

pursuing his observations, he registeredin Norfolk nearly 1000

local expressions or deviations

from estabhshed language.

afifairs.^

He
;

those words

only that relate to rural

The

late

Mr. Goddard

Johnson of Norwich

me

that he had gathered

notice.''

made large collections of Norfolk words he informed oOOO or upwards which did not come under Mr.

Forby's

His

MSS.

are, as

believe,

in possession

of

Mr. R.

Fitch, F.S.A., at Norwich.

(38.) " Suffolk

Localisms of that
1823, 12mo.

Words and Phrascs an attempt to coUect the Lingual County by Edward Moor, F.S-A." Woodbridge,
;
:

Tlie foregoing notices

may

doubtless appear tediously diffuse

and I have

tliought

it

inexpcdieut to extend them by an enumeration of certain books,

those especially that relate to pro^dncial dialect, cited in the followiug pages.

The bibliography
endeavor to

of early elementaiy

works on Language would form an

;

instructive chapter in the History of English Literatm-e

offer sonie contribution

it

has been

my

towards a subject which the dissertain

tions of Mr. JNIayor, already cited, have

"

no slight measure tended to

Browne
" Certain

Rural Economy of Norfolk,

vol.

ii.

p.

376, published in 1787.

is

short

list

of Norfolk provincialisms

given by Sir Tliomas

in his

Mr. Halliwell points out a Vocabulary of the xvth century written in Norfolk Add. MS. 12,195. In Cullum's Hist. of Hawsted, 1784, a list of Suffolk words niay be found. I have frequently cited the " Points of good Husbandry " by Tusser, whose quaint verses, first published in 1557, are full of illustrations
Miscellany Tracts," Lond. 1684, p. 146.
;

of East Anglian dialect

and of words occurring

in the

Promptorium.
dialect,

I cannot

omit to

mention a recent Version of the Song of Solomon in Norfolk

Gillett,

by the Rev. Edward

Vicar of Runliam, u diligcnt collcctor of relics of the aucient vernacular of his

countv.

APPENDix.
bring nnder consideration.
I may refer to his whom the revival of

Ixxxiil
erudite account of Elyot,

Coopcr, and Holyoke, by

tionary " of Franeis

learning in the sixteenth

centnry was essentially aided in this country.'*

To the " Copious Dic-

time, in 1664, and often cited in

Goukhnan, however, pubKshed at a comparatively late my notes, I would advert not merely as combining the labors of his learned predecessors, of whom an ample notice
set forth in the Preface,

is

but as containing archaisms of interest to the

of the Scottish

student of language, with certain expressions mostly of North-country

veniacular.

To Dr. Jamieson's Dictionary

Language

have also often becn indebted, and scarcely

the preservation of

less fi-equently to

the re-

searches of Brockett, of Hunter, and of others to whose timely care

we owe

many

of the fast-fading traces of provincial dialects.^^

TiiE

Campus Florum

see p. xxv. ante.

press, Sir Frederic ]\Iadden, to

WHiikt the foregoing pages were in the

whose friendly assistance I have frequeutly been indebted, has

called

my

attention to a writer

who probably may have been

the authority often

in

cited

by the compiler of the Pi'omptorium as " Mirivalensis

Campo
to

Florum," and whom, as before stated, I have long in vain sought

identify.

Leland has given many particulars relating to " Thomas GtiaUensis,

a Leandro Alberto Bononiensi
"

Thomas Anglicus de Malleis^ coiTupte

" Latin-Euglish and English-Latin Lexicography," by the Rev. J. E. B, Mayor (Librarian of the Public Library of the University of Cambridge), Journal of Ancient and Sacred Philology, voL iv. 1857.
*>

may

refer to the Bibliographical List of

works

illustrative of the Provincial Dialects

of England, by
cited in

John Russell Smith, Lond. 1839, in which various volumes occasionally the notes and not enumerated above will be found. The numerous additions to
render an enlarged edition of Mr. Russell Sniith'3

this class of philological literature

useful Hand-Iist very desirable.

c

Probably for Walleis or Waleys, as he

is

sometimes called.

Leland

cites several of It

his treatises

on the authority of Leander Albertus, de Viris

Illustr.,

lib. iv.

may be

well to notice that there was a writer of an earlier period, Johannes Guallensis, a Franciscan of Worcester, about 1200, of whose voluminous
p.

works see Bale,

p.

317, Pits,

342; some confusion seems to have arisen in regard to his wrltings and those of Thomas Guallensis. There was moreover another Thomas, professor of theology at
III., elected

Oxford, in the time of Henry

Bishop of

St.

David's in 1247.

Ixxxiv
dictus;" a

APPENDIX.

Domimcan whose commentaries on vaiious books of the Old Testament he had seen in the library of Warden Abbey, Bedfordsliire.
writings of
tliis

Amongst numerous

author, probably of Welsli oxigin,

in the

Leland thus mentions one existing at Oxford

Public Library

" Extat in bibliotheca pubHca Isiaci liber, cui titulus

Campus Flonan, a
Leland obworks of Gualp. 333.

Guallensi scriptus, copiosus videHcet Juris Canonici index."

serves that previous writers
lensis
;

had not ascribed a date

to the

according to his

own

conjecture that eminent scholar lived about

the times of

Edward

11.

Comm.

de Script. Brit., vol.

notices.^'

ii.,

Bale and Pits give some additional

From

the fonner

we

leam that Thomas

Walleys {alias Gualensis) a theologian of Oxford, was

1332, he suffered imprisomiient.
tliiis

a strenuous opponent of tenets advanced by Pope John XXIII., and that

in consequence, about the year

Bale
:

gives a

list

of treatises attributed to Walleys, including one

entitled

"

Campum Florum

Juris Canonici,
is

lib.

i.

Disciplina claustrali

deditus.''^

Tlie enimieration of his writings

augmented by

Pits, with references to

]\ISS. in the collegiate hbraries of both the universities.

This Hst in-

cludes several
it

MSS.

in the

Hbrary of St. Peter's CoUege, Cambridge, and

may

deserve notice that I there found, as previously stated (p. xxv.

supra), a treatise entitled "

buted to Johannes Wallensis.

Campus Florum," and also several works attriOf the author, however, of the " Campus
it

Florum" there

preserved, I have found no indication;

commences with

the words " Fulcite

me

fioribus," wliich differ, as will presently appear,

incij)ial

from those given as the

to

words of the treatise by Thomas Walleis

which

my

attention lias been called by Su* Frederic

Madden.
;

It is stated

by Pits that Thomas Walleis, or GuaUensis, Hved in 1333

according to some accounts, however, he was Hving as late as 1410.

The autograph

Collections by Bishoj) Bale, alphabetically arranged, for

the continuation of his work, are preserved, as I

am

informed by Sir

Frederic Madden, in the Bodleian Libraiy amongst Selden's

G4, B.
;

MSS.

(No.

Xo. 3452, Codd. Jo. Seldeni, Catal.

first

MSS.

AngHa-).

compiled after the

that, largely

edition printed at Ipswich in

They were 1548, and before

augmented, printed at Basle in 1557.

;

These Collections well

has stated

deserve to ho printed, as Sir Frederic observes

theu- value being greatly

cnhanccd by thc circumstance

a

that,

in

all

instances, Bale

Bale, Seript. Bryt. p. 4iiG; Pitseus, de Illustr. Ang. Script. p. 429.

APPENDIX.
the autliorities, whicli are omitted in his printed work.
notices of the Campxis

IXXXV
The following

name
1359.

Flonm

occur at

fol.

30, but not under the author's

"

Campus Florum

vocabularius quidam erat apud

circa

locum devotis monachis valde amenum, factus

Nicholaus Brigan in CoUectionibus.

Miram vallem, annum Domini

'

Campus Florum (Thoma^ Gualensis interlined) li. i.; incipit, Disciplina claustrali deditus apud Miram vallem.' Claruit autor anno Domiui 1359. Ex Collegio Magdalene Oxony Under the article of Thomas Wallcys, fol. 176, the work is thus noticed more briefly " Thomas Walleys Dominicanus, doctor WalUcus,'' &c. and at the cnd of the list of his writings, " Campus Florum, copiosus

index juris Canonici,

li. i.

Ex

Lelando de

viiis illustj-ibus."

Nicholas Brigan, or Brigham, called by Bale in his printed work " Brigamus," was his contempox-ary, " Anglicarum antiquitatum amator

maximus;" he compiled, about 1550, certain collections which seem to have been used by Bale, entitled " Venationes rerum memorabilium," also
"

Remm

quotidianorum,

lib. xii."

Sir Frederic

Madden

notices that the

line in the

Bale, Script., p. 718. name " Thom^e Gualensis "

'^

had

been added above the

passage above cited

he considers this

interlineation to be subsequent to the original entry, but not later than

1552, the latest date that he found in the volume.

It

would seem that

;

Bale had really seen a copy of the work at Magdalen College

he certainly

assumes that Thomas Walleys was the author.

sought for
of
in vain,

No MS.
MSS. MSS.

corresponding

with his description appears to be found at the present time, and I have
it

either in the enumeration of in

in the library

Magdaleu CoUege, given about 1697

Catah

Angl., tom.

1,

part 2, p. 71, or in the recent and valuable Catalogue compiled by Mr.

Coxe.

I have been equally unsuccessful in

my

endeavors to trace the

at Oxford.

MS.

described by Leland as existing in the

PubHc Libraiy

Pits, p.

749, writes in commendation of the erudition of Brigham, of his repute as a

lawyer, historian, poet, and antiquary.

to be

In 1555 Brigham caused the remains of Chaucer

removed

to the chapel of St.

Blaise in Westminster Abbey,

and deposited

in the

marble tomb which bears a Latin verse composed by him.

See Wood's Athense.

CAMD. SOC.

NDEX
in

Of the principal Acthors and Works noticed

the Preface.

Abecedarium Ang.-Lat., by Huloet, Ixx. Alvearie, by John Baret, Ixxix. n. Anglia que fulget, by Joh. de Garlandia,

Forby, his East Anglian Glossary, Ixxxi.

Gachet, John, bookseller at Hereford and

York,
Balbis, Joh. de, or de Janua, .xxiii. Bale, his account of the author of the
toriuni, xvi.
;

Ixi.

Gara, Joh. de, xxxv. Garlandia, Joh. de, notices

of,

xxvi.

Promp-

'

Synonyma,
Equivoca,

xvii. Ixviii.

his

unpublished eolleetions
to

xvii. Ixviii.

in the Bodleian, Ixxxiv.

Dictionarius, xxvi.

Barclay,
Ixxiv.

John,

Introductory

French,

'

De

Triumphis

Ecclesie,

Baret. John, his Dietionary, Ixxi.x. Bibelesworth, Walter de, Ixxi. Boetius, references to his worki, xxxvi.

^^ Merarius, xxx. Distigius,

Anglia que

fulget, xxix.

xx.xi.

by Caxton, Ixxiv. Boucher, Rev. J., his Glossary, Isxx. Breviloquus, Ixii.
for Travellers,

Book

Gemma

Vocabulorum, 1. Good Book to learn French, Ixxv.

Gouldman, Francis,

his Dictionary, Ixxxiii.

Brigham, Nicholas, Ixxsv.

Brito, William, .xxiv.

Campus Florum,

xxv. Ixxxiii. Catholicon, by Johannes de Janua, sxiii. lingua materna, Ixiv.

;

Gratian, Decretum, ssxv. Gregory the Great, reference to his works, XXXV. Guallensis, or Wallensis, Johannes, Ixxxiii.
Halliwell, Mr. his Ixxxvi.

Dictionary of Archaisms,

parvum,

Ixxvii.

abbreviatum, Ixxvii. Caston, his Book for Travellers, Ixxiv. Commentarius Curialium, xxviii. Cornucopia, by Nic. Perotti, Ixii.

Higgins, John, his edition of Huloet's Dictionary, Ixx. Historia Scholastica, xxxiv.

Holloway, his Dictionary of Provincialisms,

Ixxxi.

Comutus,

or Disticlia, xxxii. n.

Cotgruve, his French Dictionary, Ixxviii.

HoUybandj

his Dictionary, Ixxix.

his

Campo

di Fior,

iljid.

n.

Decretum Gratiani. xxxv. Dewes, Giles, Ix.xv.

Dictionariusjby Joh. de Garlandia,xxvi. xxix. by Ugutio, xxiv. n. Distigius, by Joh. de Garlandia, xxxi.

Horman, William, his Vulgaria, Horologium Sapientiae, xxxv.

Hugutio,
xxiii.

Ixix.

or

Ugutio,

his

Vocabularium,

Huloet, his Dictionary, Ixv.

Introductory to write French, by Barclay,
Ixxiv.

Elementarium, by Papias, xxiii. Equus, Liber vocatus, xxxii. xxxv.

Estienne, Robert, his Dictionaries, Isxvii.

by Giles Dewes, Ixxv.

Janua, Johannes de, his Catholicon,
xxiii.

Femina,

liber vocatus, Ixxii.

INDEX.
Johnson, Mr. Goddard,
Cilossary, Ixxxii.

Ixxxvii

his

East Anglian

Singer's Library, ihid.; printed by Pynson,

xlii.;

by

Wynkyn

de Worde,

xliv.

by

Julian Notaiy, xlvi. Kennett, Bishop, his Glossaries, Ixxx. Kylwardby, Robert, xxxii.
Levasey, Levsay, author thus citcd, xxxvi. Levins, Peter, his Dictionary, Ixx. Libellus Misteriorum, xsix.

Ray, his Provincial Glossary, Ixxix.

Sherwood, Robert,
Ixxix.

his

Eng. Fr. Dictionary,

Anglian Glos-

Spurdens, Rev.
sary, Ixxxi.

W.

his East

Mayer, Mr. J. ancient Vocabularies published by him, see Wright, Mr. Thomas. Mayor, Rev. J. E. B. his notices of tho Promptorium, xix.; of Joh. de Garlandia,
xxvii.

Stanbridge, John, Ixix. Stephens (Estienne), his Dictionaries, Ixxvii.

Summa, by Johannes de Janua,

xxiii.

Manipulus Voeabulorum, by
Marshall, his
Ixxxii.

P. Levins, Ixx.

by Brito, xxiv. by Raimund de Pennaforte, xxxv. Synonyma, by Johannes de Garlandia, xvii.

Ixviii.

Glossary

of

Norfolk

words,
of

by Brito, xxv.
the

Medulla Grammatice, descriptions

various

MSS.

liii. liv.

Merarius, xxx.
Mirivalensis,
Ixxxiii.

Tanner, Bishop, his account of the author of the Promptorium, xviii.

his

Cafnpus

Florum,

xxv,

Thierry, his Dictionary, Ixxvii.

Moor, Major, his Suffolk Glossary, Ixx.xii. Munshulle, Nicholas, his Vocabulary, Ixvi.
Nares, his Glossary, Ixxx.

Ugutio, or Hugutio,

xxiii.

Neccham, Alexander, xxxiii. Nomenclator, in six languages,

Veron, or Vernon, John, Ixxviii. Vitse Patrum, xxxv. Vocabula, by John Stanbridge, Ixix.
(by

Jchn

Vocabularies, collection

Daubmann,)
Norris,

Ixxix. n.
his Glossary, Ixxxi.
Iv.; list

Anthony,

Ortus Voeabulorum,

of editions,

Ixiii.

of, published by Mr. Joseph Mayer, xxvi. xxxiii. Ixvi. Vocabularium, by Hugutio, xxiii. Vocabularius, by Brito, xxiv. Vocabulary, Latin-English, Ixvi. Ixvii.

Palsgrave, John, his French Vocabularies, Ixxvi.

Papias, xxiii.
Pits, his

Grammar and
Vulgaria, by

of plants, Ixvii. brevidicus, Ixxvii.

W. Horman,

Ixix.

account of the author of the Promptorium, xviii.

Pratum Florum, xxv. n, Promptorium Parvulorum, its author, xiv. MSS. in the Brit. Mus. xxxvi. xxxviii. xl.; MS.at King's CoII. Camb. xxxviii.; at Winchester Cathedral, xxxix.; in Sir Phillipps' Library, xl.; formerly

Wallensis, or Walleis, Johannes, Ixxxiii. Withal, his Short Dictionary, Ixx. Wright, Mr. Thomas, Vocabularies edited by, xxvi. xxxiii. xxxv. Ixvi. Ixvii.; his edition of the Treatise by Walter de Bibelesworth,
Ixxi. his Dictionary

Thomas
in

of Obsolete

Words,

Mr.

Ixxxi.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Incipit preambulum.'
diciones,

Cernentibus

sollicite

clericorum con-

nunc statuum et graduum diversorum numerose videntur jam varii clericali se nomine gloriantes, qui tamen in suis colloquiis
passim qnotidieque barbarizando, sic^ usum et artem Latine loquele,
aut pene, aut penitus perdiderunt, quod eorum

quam

plures quasi

de doctis indoctos, de sciolis inscios, noverca virtutum et viciorum Unde ego, dictus indigne mater degenerans produxit oblivio.
frater predicator,^ et

Lenne sub regula paupertatis

clericorum

astrictus,

ta-

libus

ut valeo

compassus, ac juvenum

gramaticare*

volencium misertus, presentem libellum non tam rudem^ sed quam

utilem eisdem scribendum curavi;
potissime

cum

ipsis

qui

nunc

ad usum^
rant, sed

clericalis loquele velut cervi

ad fontes aquarum deside-

Latina vocabula ignorantes, et instructorum ad libitum

copiam ut cupiimt non habentes, singultu et suspiriis ut onagri in siti sua deficiunt, ac velut intema fame, sic eciam tabescunt, quod
pene de
eis

illud

poterit recitari, Parvuli petierunt

eis.'

Trenorum eloquium merito cum mesticia jam panem, et non erat qui frangeret
prefatus,

Igitur

ego

aptus discere
'

quam

docere,

quamvis rudis et inscius, plusque* tamen ut ex libris gramaticorum in'

Incipit prologus in libellum qui dicitur

Rudemquam,
k.
p.

k. p.
is

Promptorius
2 Sic
3
*

Puerorum,
p.
p.
p.

p.

Promptorius

the

word usum
iv. 4.

omitted

in

parvulorum, K.
quod,
Predicatorum, K.

Harl.
'
'

MS.
is

Lamentations,
k. p. plus

omitted in Harl.

MS.

Grammatizare, k.

CAMD. SOC.

^
tellexi,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORCM.

ad predictorum profectum, exile

lioc

opus collegi, precipue

aliisque

Catholicon,
tractibus,

Campo

florum,

Diccionario,

opusculis

et

sepius

vero ex

inquisicione

meliorum,^

sed

rarissime

quamvis quandoque ex ingenio fallibili, et capite proprio personali. In quo quidem libello primo Anglicana vocabula^ secundum ordinem
alpliabeti,

prout gramaticalia gramaticorum in

conscripsi,
et

libris

reperiuntur
sibi

ac

scribuntur,

postea

correspondencia
;''

Latina,

cum

notulis parcium,

generum, ac declinacionum

in^ qualibet litera alpliabeti,

exceptis,^

nomina

et cetere

partes,

tamen ut verbis tamen

sic

primo pariter sunt

inserta, et

tunc tandem ipsorum verba

breviter declinata, ordine quo supra sunt secuta." Comitatus tamen Korthfolchie " modum loquendi solum sum secutus, quem solum ab infancia didici, et solotenus plcnius perfectiusque cognovi.

Opus autem
si

corum, peto

placeat

gramatice curiosis,

Promptorium parvuloram, sive cleriquod liic seclusis scriptis sub quodam quasi breviloquio, medullam tamen*
istud
appellari, eo
sui aut in
et

verborum continens, pre brevitate

a cunctis clericis valeat possideri
;

promptu, aut de

facili,

currendo per muha, sed statim

humiliter dcposco, ut

et

quod in eo queritur non disin promptu poterit inveniri.^

Cunctos tamen pedagogos, didasculos, sive eciam magistros, precibus

cum

exile

hoc opus perspexerint, quod Deo

me juvante

sit

recte scriptum

approbent, et quod male aut devie

pie corrigant et emendent;^'' quatinus gramatici exiles et pueri in

volumello hoc brevi,

tanquam
necnon

in

speculo,

possint

inspicere,

et

communia vocabula que

et statissime invenire:
Majorum,
2 K. p.
'

sunt ad linguam Latinam spectantia libere

et

quam

pkires

alii

absque rubore

K.

rated in one alphabetical arrangement with

omitted in Harl.

MS.
in the pre-

the other parts of speech.

^ ^

These have been omitted

See Preface.
p.

Subseeuta, K. perscripta,

p.

sent edition.

Comitatus

tamen

Orientalium
p.

An-

Sub. K.
*

glorum
fa* ^
'"

modum
p.
p.

loquendi quem, &c.

This arrangement has, for greater

Tantum,
k.

cility of reference,

been changed

in

the

invenire, Harl.

MS.

present edition

the verbs are incorpo-

Emendant, K,

PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
post terga
etatis,

3
forte aut

metencium
aliis

'

splcas

eciam possint colligere, qui

confusi, id

aut aliarum causarum pre pudore

discere erubescunt.
utilitatis

quod minus

sciunt ab

Igitur quicunque sibi in hoc

opere inculto^
reddant, et pro

aliquid solaciive perspexerint,

me

peccatore misericorditer intercedant.

Deo gratiaa ExPLiciT

preambulum

in

libellum predictura,^

secundum vulgarem modutn

loquendi orientalium Anglorum.

Isti
libelll,

sunt auctores ex

quorum

libris

collecta sunt vocabula hujus

Lenne Episcopi, Anno Domini mllleslmo CCCC. XL. Cujus anime proplcieter Deus. Hoc modo Et intitulatur liber iste Promptorium parvulorum. scribuntur nomlna avictorum Infra In hoc llbro. CATH. Januensls In suo Cathollcon
per fratrem predlcatorem reclusum
. .

Ugultlo in majorl volumlne

Uguitio verslficatus
Brlto
Mirivalensis in

....
.

UG.

UG. v.
BRIT.

campo florum

C
3

f.

Johannes de Garlondia, In Dlcclonarlo

scolastlco

Commentarlus curlalium
que fulget

Libellus mlsterlorum qui dlcitur Anglla } ^, i.,Tam T LIB. MIST. i

>

Merarius
Distlgius

Kobertus Kylwarbi

Alexander Neccham

.... .... .... .... ....

.

> TMr^r^

COMM.

mer. DiST kyl^* NECO.

Cum
vante
'

aliis variis

librls

et llbellls inspectis et intellectis,

Deo

aclju-

cum

tota curia

celesti.''

K. H. p. metuencium, Harl.

MS.
K. h.

K.

p.
tlie

inculte, Harl.

MS.
de Worde
tlie

'

Qui
is

dicitur Promptorius parvulorum,

entitled,

In

edition by

W.

work
*

Promptuarium parvulorum clericorum, quod apud nos Medulla grami

matice appellatur.
Thislistof the Latin authorities consulted by the compiler of the Promptorium

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORCM.
Nota, quod quicunque alterius patrie vocabula, a
vocabulis aut sillaba aut littera aliquo
in

dicte

prime

modo

discrepancia, voluerit

hoc libro inserere, caveat ut semper secunda'

observetur, ut puta,

NESE, aut
sed^
sic

MON

scribat,

litera cum prima non scribat HONDE pro HANDE, uec NOSE pro pro MAN, nec kaye pro kete.2 et sic de aliis; hande vel hond, nese vel nose, et sic de aliis:

quia aliter liber cito viciabitur et ordo scribendi confundetur, ac

scrutatores

vocabulorum

scrutando

deficient,

dum

ea

que scru-

tabuntur
found only

in locis debitis

non inveniant.^
is

in the

Harl.

MS. and

now

printed for the

first

time.

See in the Preface

notiees of the writings above enumerated.

'

K. secundam, Harl.

MS.
^

^
*

In locis debitis secundum vocem literarum scribantur, k.

Invenient, Harl.

Vel k.

MS.

The

list

of authors

is

in

the Harl.

alone,

Preambulum, but has been hore transposed. In the King's which is above given, is found at the end of the volume.

MS. placed before the MS. the admonitory Xote

PROMPTOEIUM PARVULORUM.

A-BACKE,

or backwarde. retrorsum.
a-ferde.

Retro,
Territus^

Abowte. Circum, circa. Abreggyn. Abhrevio.

A-BASCHYD, or
perterritus.

Abbrochyn
of
depleo.

or

attamyn a

vesselle

drynke.'

Attamino,

cath.

A-BAscHEMENT,

or a-fer.

Terror,

pavor, formido.

Absence, or beynge a-way.

sentia.

Ab-

A-BATYN. Sxjhtraho. A-BATEMENT, or wjthdrawynge of

wyghte,! thyngys.
tio.

Absent, not here, (or a-way, k.)

Absens.

or

mesure, or other
defalca-

Subtractio,

Abbeye. Ahbacia. Abbesse. Abbatissa. A-BYDYNNE. Expecto, prestolor. Abydynge. Expectacio. Abyte, i. clothynge. Habitus. Able, or abulle, or abylle. Habilis,

Absteynyn. Abstineo. Abstynence. Abstinentia. Abstynent, or absteynynge, or he that dothe abstynence. Abstinens.

Abulle, supra
idoneus,

in able.

Habilis,

Abulnesse.
idoneitas.

Habilitas, aptitudo,
or

idoneus.

Ablyn,
lito.

or to

make

able.

Habi-

Abundance,

grete

plente.

A-bocchement, or a-bocchyuge.^ Augmentum, cath. Amplificamentum, cath.

Abundancia. Abundyn, or haue plente. Abundo. Acent, or assent, or grawntynge.

Assensus,

Abhominable. Abhominabilis. Abhominacyon. Abhominacio. Abbott. Ahbas. Above. Supra, superius.

'

AcENTYN,
grawntyn.

(assentinge,

p.)

or

Assencio.
for

A-cETHEN

trespas

(acethe,

K. aceth, p.).*

Satisfactio.

^ '

Wyghte, King'8 MS. weyte, p. The Harl. MS. reads mete. Augmentum, adaugma, a-bocchement. med. qr. ms. phill.

" Thilke tonne, that I shal abroche." chauc. Wif of Bathes Prol. " And if it suffice not for asseth.'" p. plouhm. See Jamieson, under Assyth, and Spelman.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

AcHE, an erbe.i Apium. A-CHETYN. Confiscor.

(acombrynge or a-combrement
w. a-comyrnient, p.) A-coRDYD, or of on Concors.
Vexacio. a-corde.
at

AcHWYx,
wynge,
vitans.

or fleyn.

Vito., devito.

AcHUYNGE,

or beynge ware (ache-

k. achue, p) Precavens,

(AcoRDYD,

or

made

one,

or a-slet, or a-slonte (acydnande, k. acydenam, p.) Ohlique, vel a latere. A-CYNEN, or ordeyn. Assigno.

A-cYDE, or a-cydenandjs,

Concordatus, p.) A-coRDYN. Concordo. (AcoRDYNG. Concordancia, k.

p.)

A-CLOYED.2 Acclaudicatus, inclavatus.

AcLOYjEN,
A-coLDE.
gorosxis.

(acloyin, k.)

Acclau-

dico, acclavo, inclavo.

Frigidus, algidus, friAcohjtus, P.)

or Convenio. AccoRNE, or archarde, frute of the oke.5 Glans. AccusYD. Accusatus. (AccusYN. Accuso, H. p.) AccusYNGE (accusacyon, p.) Acfytte

A-coRDYNGE, or beynge
mete.

cusacio.

(AcoLYTE.

A-coMELYD for conlde, or aclommyde (acomyrd, p. acomEviratus, enervatus. A-coMERYD,4 (acombred, w. acouVexatus. tyi-d, p.)
bred, w.)^

Adam, j^ropyr name. Adamant, precyowse

mas.

stone.^

Adam. Ada-

Addycyon,
encrese.
to, p.)

or puttynge to for (addyng or puttynge

Addicio.

A-coMERYNGE,
'

or

a-comerment.

Admytyn, orgrawntyn.
for

Admitto.
Fr. Vache,

parsley.
2

Ache, or hoppe, ort. voc. See Cotgr.

Skinner give3 ache,

smaliage, from

" To aeloye with a nayle as an yuell smythe dothe an horse foote, enclouer. Acloyed as a horse's foot, encloiii." palsg. Tiie more usual sense of the word is as " My stomake is accloyed, fastidiosus, nauseabundus.'''' Horman uses it. Florio renders inchiodare, " to elow, or pricke a liorse with a naile." ^ "/o ay la mayn si istoniye, so aconieled." gaut. de bibelesw. Arundel MS. 220. Acomlyt. MS. Phill. In the later Wycliffite version, Isaiah xxxv. 3, is read, " Coumfort je clumsid, f<^er comelid hondis,.and make ^e strong feble knees." MS. Cott. Claud. E. II. In the earlier version the passage is rendered, " Coumforteth tlie hondes loosid atwynne," MS. Douce. In the Latin, "manus dissolutas." * "1 am accombered with corrupt humours, ohruor piiuita. The snofFe acombreth the matche, that he can nat burn clere, fiuigi elychnimn olsident.^' horm. Piers Ploughman uses the word in the sense of to overcome, or destroy.

" And

let his

shepe acomber in the mire." chauc.

See Depos. of Ric. II. published by the Camden Society, pp. 29, 30. * Glans, an acharne, Yocab. Harl. MS. 1002. Accharne, okecorne, ORT. v. A.S. In tbe curious inventory of the effects of Sir Siraon Burley, who was befficern. headed 1388, are enumerated, " deux jMirs des pater nosters de aumlre hlanc, Vun countrefait de Atchernes, Vautre rounde.''^
^

MS.

in

the possession of Sir

" Lapis ferrum attrahens,

an adamounde stone, magnes."'

Thomas Phillipps. whitinton GR.4mm.

Aymant. palsg.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
A-DO, or grete bysynesse.
tudo.
Sollici-

Aftyr parte
hyndyr
crowpe.

of a beste,
p.),

or the or

(parte,

the

A-DEWE,

or farewelle (adwe or far

Vale.
(affaclylle,

Clunis.

wel, p.)
p.)i

Aftyr parte,
k.

or hynder parte of

Affodvlle herbe
dilla, K.)

the schyppe.

Puppis, cath.
Postea, postmodttm

Affodillus, cdbucea.
liertyly

{Affa-

Aftyrward.

Affeccyon, or
ynge.
tUS,

wellwyllAffec-

Affectio.

Agas.5 Agas, propyr name. Agatha. A-gaste, supra in a-ferde.

Affecte, or welwyllynge.
CATH.

Age,

Etas,
vij

senium,

senectus,

senecta.

A-FENCE, or offence. Offensa. Afendyd, or offendyd. Offensus. A-FERRE, not nye (afer, p.) Procul. A-ferde (or trobelid, k. h. p.)^
Territus, perterritus {turbatus,

The

agys.
continet

qucB

Prima, infancia. vij annos ; se-

perturbatus, K. P.) Affermyd, or gi-awutyd be worde.

Affirmatus. Affyrmyn, or grawntyn.
assero.

cunda, puericia, usque ad quartercia tumdecirnum annum ; adolescentia, usque ad xxix"^. annum ; quarta juventus, usque

ad

quinquagesimum

annum

Affirmo,

Affermynge. Affirmacio. Affynyte, or alyaunce. Affinitas.^ A-FORNE (afore, ?.)* Ante, coram.

A-FORNANDE
afromhand, Antea.

(afoiTuande,
j.

h. p.

aforehaude, w.)
terror,

A-FRAY.

Pavor,

formido.

quinta gravitas, usqui ad Ixx'^, a?inmn ; sexta senectus, que nullo terminatur termino (non terminatur certo numero, p.) senitim est ultima pars senectutis. Sej)tima erit in resurrectione fincdi cath. A-GAYNE, or a-^eyne (ayen, p,). Iterum, adhuc. A-GEYNE, or a-gaynewarde. Retro. A-gaynbyer, or a raumsomere.
;
.

Affrayed, supra.
vore jjercussus. Aftyr. Post.
'

Territus,

pa-

(Ageyn

Redemptor. byinge.
K. H. P.)

Redemptio,

" Affadyll, a yelowe floure, o^Vodli/^e." palsg. Forby, in enumerating among the provincialisms of Norfolk the word afeard, noticed that formerly it was not, as at present, synonymous with afraid. " This wif was not aferdene affraide." chauc.
2

The Harl. MS. indeed, renders both aferde and afrayed by territus, but the reading of Aferde or trothe King's MS. agreeing with the printed editions, seems preferable. Compare Abaschyd or aferde. A.S. a,(ered,territvs. belid, turbatt(S,perturbatns. 3 After Affynyte, the Harl. MS. has the word A-foyste, lirida. See under the
letter
*

F. Aforen, aforne, afore. chauc. A.S. aet foran. The Harl. MS. gives Aoas twice, first without any corresponding but probably it is the same as Hagas puddynge, tucefum.
*

Latin

word,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Antiquatus,
or
senectus, ve-

Agyd.
Agyn,

Agrotone wyth mete

(agrotonyn,
k.).

teranus, veteratus.

or diynke Ingurgito.

growyn agyd.

Seneo,

senesco.

Agglot, or an aglet to lace wyth alle.i Acus, aculus, (acula, p.)

Agrotonyd, or sorporryd wyth mete or drynke.^ Ingurgitatus. Agrotonynge, or sorporrynge.

Ingurgitacio.

Agwe, sekenes
or
to

Aggrkggyn,
Aggravo.^

greue more.

querquera.

c. F.

(ague, w.). Acuta, cath.

A-HA.

Evax.
Dolor.

Aggroggyd, or aggreuyd.
gravatus.

Ag-

Ake, or ache, or akynge. AkYN. Doleo, CATH.

a-greuynge. or Aggravacio, aggravamen. noGravamen, Aggreuauns, cumentum, tedium. Agreuyd. Gravatus, ut supra.

Aggruggynge,

Akyr Akyr
p.)4

of londe.

Acra.

of the see flownyge (aker,

Impetus maris.

Agrimony, or egrimoiiy,
Agrimonia.

lierbe.

Alle, or euery dele. Totus. Alle, or ylke. Omnis, quilibet. Alabaster, a stone. Alabastrum, Parium, c. f.

To agglet a poynt, or set on an agglet vpon a let of a lace or poynt,/er. poynt or lace, ferrer. palsg. Wyll you set none agglettes vpon your poyntes ? enThis word denotes properly the tag, but is often used to signify ferrer voz esffui/leites.'" the lace to which it was attached. " Myn aglet, mon lasset, a point, laferrure d^un lasset. R. PYNSON, Good boke to lerne to speke French. 2 Agregier,sn2oporier axec peiiie.^'' roquef. lacombe. ' Agroted, chaucer, Legend of Gr. AV. is explained cloyed, surfeited. * This word is still of local use to denote the conimotion caused in some tidal rivers, In the Ouse, near Downham bridge, above Lynn, the name is at the flow of the tide. eager, as also in the Nene, between Wisbeach and Peterborough, and the Ouse near York and other rivers. Camden calls the meeting of the Avon and Severn, higre. Compare Skinner, under the word eager. In Craven Dial. acker is a ripple on the water. Aker seems, however, to have had a more extended meaning, as applied to some turbulent
'*

currents, or commotions of the deep. The MS. Poem entitled Of Knyghthode and Batayle, Cott. MS. Titus A. xxiii. f. 49, commending the skill of mariners in judging of the signs of weather, makes the following allusion to the aker.

"

Wcl know they the remue yf it a-ryse, An aker is it clept, I vnderstonde, Whos myght there may no shippe or wynd wyt
This remue in th'occian of propre kynde Wyt oute wynde hathe his commotioun The maryneer therof may not be blynde, But when and where in euery regioun It regnethe, he moste haue inspectioun, For in viage it may bothe haste and tary, And vnavised thereof, almyscary."

stonde.

of the sea.

Aker seems to be derived from A.S. oe, water, and c^dm. See Nares, under Higre.

cer, a turn; sae-cir signifies the

ebb

1'ROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Allabowte.
guaque.

Undique,

circiim-

Ale.

Cervisia,

o.

f.

cervisia

A-LAYDE.
permixtus.

Temperatus, remissus,
p.)

quasi Cereris vis in aqua, hec Ceres, i. Dea frumenti ; (et hic nota bene quod est potus Anglorurn, p.)

A-LANGE, orstrauiige (alyande,

Extraneus, exoticus. A-LANGELY, or straungelj (alyaundly, j.) Extranee. A-LANGENESSE, or stmwngenesse. (alyaundnesse, J.) Extraneitas. Alas. Euge, euge, prodolor.

Ale

wliyle hys (it

is,

k.) newe.^

Cclia, C. F.

COMM,
or softynge of dysto softe, or
relese

Allegyance,
ese.

Alleviacio.
Allevio, mitigo.

Aleggyn, or
peyne.

Ablaste (alblast, p.) Balista. Alblastere. Alblastarius, (balistarius, k. p.)

of auctoryte auctours, p.) Allegacio. Alegoyn a^vtowrs. Allego.

Allegyaunce

(of

vel alebrey (albry, v.y Alebrodium, Jictum est. Alkamye metalle (alcamyn, v.y Alkamia. Aldyr tre, or oryelle tre. Al-

Alberey,

Aley yn

gardeyne. Peribolus, CATH. c. F. peramhulatorium et perioholum, UG. (perambulum,

DICC. P.)

nus, c. F.

Aldyrbeste.

Optimus.
viz. locus iihi

Aleyne, propyr name. Alanus. Allefeynte, or feynte. Segnis. Allefeyntelye (alfeynly, k.)
Segniter.

Aldyrkyr
kar, p.)3 alni
0. F.
et

(alderkerre, k. alder-

Alnetum,
tales

arbores

crescunt,

Allefully. Totaliter, Algatys, or allewey.6

omnimode,
p)enitus.

coinplete.

Omnino,
Integer.

Aldyrleste.-*

Aldyrmann.
nior.

Minimus. Aldirmannus,

Allehole
se-

fro

brekynge.

Allehole,
incolumis.

or alleheyle.
(all

Sanus,
p.)

Aldyrmoste. Aldyrnexte.
'

Maximus.
Propinquissimus.

Allehooly

holy,

In-

tegre, integraliter, totaliter.

" Alebery for a sicke man, chaiideau,''' palsg.

broth.

which Cotgrave renders, cauJle,

warm
^

Alcarayne, arqaemie, palsg. A mixed metal, supposed to be produced by alchymy, and which received thence the name. See Nares. ^ Carre, a wood of alder, or other trees in a moist boggy place, ray. See Forby and Moore. Ducange gives haheir, kaeytm, salictum. Aller, the gen. plur. ealra, A.S. is used by Chaucer, both by itself, and compounded
:

" Shall have a souper at your

aller cost."

Prol. Cant. Tales.

and alderfastest. * Compare Gyylde or gile, new ale. Ceiia, Orosius informs us, was the name of a Spanish drink made of wheat, and here seems to signify tUe sweet and unhopped
also, alderfirst, alderlast, alderlevest, that is dearest of all,

There occur

wort.
*

thee, thou

" Wyli you algates do it ? le voulez vous faire tout d force ? " palsg. " I damned must algates be dead." chauc. Sompnour's Tale. A.S. Algeats, ovmino. CAMD. 80C. C

10

PnOMPTORIUM PARVULOECir.
or affynyte.
Affinitas.

Alyaunce,
marche.^
lexander.

ALYSAUifDER,

herbe,

or

stan-

3Iacedonia.

Alysauxder, propvr name.

A-

A-LYKE, or euyn lyke. Equalis. Allelykely, or euynly (a lyke wyse or euynly, k. p.) Equaliter.

Elimosina, roga, c. f. et dicitur elimosina ab el, quod est Deus, et moys quod est aqua, quasi aqua Dei ; quia sicut aqua extinguit ignem, ita elemosina extinguit peccatum.

Almesse of mete yeuyn to powre men, whan men haue ete. Mestelenium,

comm.
or

A-lyke, or lyke yn lykenes.

milis.

Si-

Almesmann,
man,
p.).

woman (almesfulElimosinarius, rogac. f.

A-lttylle. Modicinn, parum. A-LYYE, VivUS. Extranens, Alyen, straunger.

alienus.

tonus, rogatoria,

Almesshowse.
c. f.

Alyen, straimger

of

an

other
c. f,

londe. AlteUus, altella, ug.

Xenodochium., xenodocium, et xenoditim, orphanotrojihium, proseuca, cath. Allmy^ghty (almyghty,

vel

Alye. Affinis. Aly, or alyaunce. Affinitas Alkenkexgy, hcrbe morub. Morella ruhea.

Oninipotens, cunctipotens.

xYllmyghtyhede.
cunctipotencia.

OmnijJOtencia,

Alkenet herbe. Alkanea,

eklicus, p.)

{ylicus,

Almoste. Fere, pene, ferme. Alone. Solus. Alowaxs. Allocacio.

Almauxde
(Almauxd

frute

(almon.

p.)

Alowede.
ken,
p.).

Allocatus.
(or re-

Amigdalum.
tre, k. almon tre, p. Amigdala, amigdcdvs, cath.) Almary, or almery.2 Ahnarium, (^arniarium, c. F. almariolum,
P.).

Allowyn yn rekenynge
Alloco.

Alpe, a biyde.*

Ficedula,

c. f.

Allwey. Semper, continue. Alom, or alym, lyke glasse (alum

glas, p.)

Alumen, cath.
ug.

Almeey

of

mete kepynge, or a
Cibutum,
c. f.

Alure, or alurys of a towre or

stepylle.5 Canal, cath. grunda, (Canalis, p.)

saue for mete.^

Almesse, oralmos (ehnesse,

h. p.)

Gerarde gives the name alexanders to the great or horse parsley, hipjioselinum. " Almariolum, a lytell almaiy or a cobborde. Scrimum,A7iglice almery." ort. voc. " All niy lytell bokes I putt in almeries, (scriniis chartoiyhilaciis, fomlis vel aiinariis) A.S. Almeriga, scriniuni. all my greatter bokis I put in my lyberary." horm. ^ " Almery, aumbry to put meate in, unes almoires.^'' palsg. " Ficednla, ?iv;odey.-ale or an alpe." med.gr. In Norfolk the bull-finch is called blood-olph, and the green grosbeak, green-olf, probably a corraption of alpe. FORBr. Ray gives alp as generaliy signifying the bull-finch. See Moore. alure secnis in its primary sense to have been the passage behind the battleThe ments, aUorivvi, amhvlacrv.m in French allevre or aUee and \vhich, serving as a
'

''

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

11
Almicia,
c. f.

Ambrose
Ambrose,
b?-osius.

herbe.

Ambrosia, sal-

(Amyse
K. p.).

furred.3

gia silvestris, cath.'

piopyr

name.

Am-

Amonge,

or

sima

tyme.

InterInter.

Amendyd. Correctus, emendatus. Amendynge. CorrecAio, emendacio.

dmn, quandoque. Amonge sundry thyngys.

A-mowyntyn,
Amsote, or a
a
folt, p.)
c. p.

or sygnifyyii.
fole

Dep.

noto, significo.

Amendynge,

or

reparacyon

of

(anysot, h.

thyngys j^at byn weryd or a-peyryd (worn, p.) Reparacio. Amendyn, or reparyn. Reparo.

Stolidus, buburius,

insons.

Amuce

Amendyn.
fawty.

Emendo.
fat
ar or

of an hare. Ahnucium, habetur in horologio divine sa-

Amendyn thyngys
Corrigo.

done
lete.

piencie.

Amercyn yn
Amercio.

a
]>e

corte,

Ancle, infra in ankle. Annys, propyr name (Auneys,

n.

Annyce,
see.

p.)

Agnes.
Anetuni,
iiifra

Amerel

of

Amirellus,
p.)

Aneys

classicarius, cath. c. f.

Amye

(iVmy,

propre name,
(or

Atnia.

seede or spyce> anisum. Anely^d, or enelyd, anoyutyd.

in

Amysse, or wykkydly
done, p.)

euyll

Anelynge,
Anelyn,
or

or enelynge, infra in

Amyce

Male, nequiter. (amyte, h. k. p.)^ Amita,

auoyntynge.
enelyn metalle,
or

amictus.

other lyke.5

channel to collect the wateis that fell upon the roof, and were carried off through the gargoilles, the term alure came to be applied to the channel itself, as it is here rendered. See Ducange, under tlie words Alatoria, Alloriuni. Alure occurs in Robert of Gloucester.
"

Up the alurs of the castles the ladies then stood, And beheld this noble game, and which knights

were good."

" The towrs to take and the torellis, Vautes, alouris and corneris." Kyng Alisaunder.

Ambrose, ache champestre palsg. Anilrosia, herha ^jr^cZw/oi', wylde sawge, ort. " Ambrose, amhroisie, the herbe called oke of Cappadocia, or Jerusalem." cotgr. it is a piece of fine linen, of an Tlie amice is the first of the sacerdotal vestments oblong square form, which was formerly worn on the head, until the priest arrived then thrown back upon the shoulders. It was ornamented with a before the altar, and rich parure, often set with jewels, which in aneient representations appears like a Dugdale gives an inventory in his History standing collar round the neck of the priest. of St. Paurs, taken 1295, which details the costly enrichments of the amice. ^ " Ammys for a channon, a!t(??i'^e." palsg. This was the canonical vestment liiied with fur, that served to cover the head and shoulders, and was perfectly distinct from See atoiuciuin in Ducange. the amyce. * The King's MS. gives Ancya herbe, anisum, and Aneyssede, anetuia. * The word to anele was used in two senses, " to aneele a sicke man, anoynt hym with
'
,

voc.
*

12

PKOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
VlX.

AXETHYS.I
phenere,

Anoyntynge,
anAntiphonarius,
p.

or enoyntynge (an-

Antyfenere (antyphanere,
h.)
to (^anti])hanarium, p.)

elynge, or enelynge, ut supra).

Inunctio.

A-Noox, or
c. f.

as-faste (anon, h.p.)

cito,

Angylle

take wyth fysche.2

Confestim, protinus, mox,

statim, illico.

Piscale, jistuca, fuscina,

(Jiamillus, p.)

A-NOTHYR.

Alter, alius.

or angwys (angyr k. p.) Angor, c. f. angustia. Angur, or wrathe (angyr or

Angure,

wretthe,
cundia.

k.

h.

p.)

Ira,

ira-

Responsum, responantiphona. AwNSWERYN. Respondeo. Antyloppe, beste. Tatula, c. f.

sio,

Answere.

Angrye.

Iracundns, bilosus, felAngustia,

or

litus, felleus,

Angwysche.
angaria.

malencolicus. agonia,

(Antym. Antiphona, k. h. p.) Antony, propyr name. Antonius. Ape, a beste. Simia. A-pece (abce, p. apecy, k.^) Alphabetum, abecedarium,
c. f.

Anyyntyschyn,
Exinanio.

enyntyschyn.

Akniuersary, or
day, K. H.)
niversarius.

yereday (^erAnniversarium, an-

he fat lernythe fe abece. Alphabeticus, abecedarius, c. r. Apechynge.4 Appellacio. A-PECHOWRE, or a-pelowre. Ap(abce, p.) lenier, or
pellator.

A-pece

Ankyl.

Cavilla, verticillum.

Ankyr

of a shyppe.

Ancora.

Apeyrynge,

or apeyrement.^

Pe-

Ankyr, rechise. Anachorita. Anoyntyd, or enoynted (anelyd,

or enelyd, ut supra). Inuvctus. Anoyntyn (or enoynten, p.)

joracio, deterioracio.

Appeyryjt, or make wors.

joro, deterioro.

Pein

Inungo, ungo.

A-peel, or apelynge, apechpige (apel, h.)

su])ra

I lefte hym so farre past, that he was houseled and aneeled, covimunie et enholy oyle. huylle : and to aneel a potte of erthe or suche lyke with a coloure, ^?ome)'." palsg. As applied to metal it signifies to enamel, and occurs in that sense. Laeombe and Roquefort give the word neelle, emaille. In Robert of CtIouc. Wiclif and Chaucer, this word is written vnnethe, vnnethis. A. Saxon Un-ea'5e, vix. ^ A. Sax. Anjel, hamus. In the St. AIban's Book, 149C, is a treatysc of fysshynge with an angle; Shakespeare uses the word to signify the implement of fishing. " Angle Angle twache, lumhricas, which occurs in Vocahula rodde, verge d pescher.'" palsg. Stanbrigii, 1513, seems to be the worm serving for a bait. A. Sax, Angeltwecca. elfr. ' Cotgrave renders Abece, an abcee, the crosse row. Fabyan relates that, in 1425, many honeste Appeyching, accusement. palsg. men of the cytye were apeched of treason." Ajjescher, to impeach. kelham. * R. Brunne uses the Cor. v. wicL. litil sourdow apeyreth al tlie gobet " 1 verb to apeire, which occurs also in Chaucer, Cant. Tales
'

"A

" To apeiren any man, 6r him defame."

"

To appyre,

or

waxe worse,

empirer,'^ palsg.

PROMPTORIUM PARVDLORUM.

13
or

Appelyn. Appello, cath. A-PELE of belle ryngynge

of bellis, p.)

A-queynte,
(apele

knowen.

Notus,
cog-

cognitus, agnitus.

Classkiun, cath.

A-queyntawnse.
nitio, agnitio.

Noticia,

Apperyn. Ajipareo, compareo. A-PLEGGE (apledge, p.) Obses,

CATH. vas. Applyed. Applicatvs. Applyyn. Applico, oppono.

Aqueyntyn, or to make knowNotik'c]ie (make knowen, p.)

fico,

notum facio.
Quietatus,

Aqwytte.
tatus.

acquie-

Applyynge. Applicacio. Oppono, (Aposen, or oposyn.

K. H. P.)

Aqwytawnce
Aqwytyn,
sekyr.

(or quitaunce, p.) Acquietancia.

or to make qwyte and Acquieto.
or

Apostata, he pat
ordyr.

Apostume
tema.

leuythe hys Apostata. (apostym, k. p.) Ajws-

Aqwytyn,
Peddo.

qwytyn and

yeldyii.

Apostylle. Apostolus. Apryle monythe (Aprel,

Aprile.

Arage,
h.)

herbe.2

Attriplex {artri-

plex, p.) A-ray, or

tus,

Appulle, frute. Appullhorde.

CATH.

Ponmm, malnm.
Pomarium,
Pomarius,
po-

a-rayment. Ornaornamentum, apparatus,

cultus.

Appulkeper.
milio,

Arayment. Pararnentum. A-rayn, or cloJ)yn (arayen,

Induo,
yen,
nesto,
vestio.

p.)

pomo,

c. f.

Appulmoce,
mos, F.y

dyschmete (appulPomacium, c. f. Po7nilins, poAppullseller.

milia, cath. pomilio, c. f. ug.

A-RAYN, or
p.)

to

make
Orno,

honeste (araadorno, hoc.

decuso,

decoro,

f.

Appulle tree. Pomus. Appullyerde, or gardeyne,

orcherde. Pomerium, cath.

KYLW. Arayne, or ordeynyd (arayen or

or

ordeyne, p.)

c. f.

Araynye,
Arena.

or

Ordino, paro. erenye, or sonde.^

cum
'

e et

non cum

a.

Recipes for niaking this dish occur in the ancient books of cookery. See Harl. MS. 279,
;

Form
f.

of Cury, pp.

42, 96,

and other

Kalemlare de Potages dyuers, Apple muse and Cott. MS. Julius, D. viii. f. 97. The following is taken from a MS. Take and of the XV. cent. in tbe possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps. " Appyl mose. sethe appyllys in water, or perys, or bothe togyder, and stamp heme, and strayne heme, and put heme in a dry potte, with bony, peper, safferone, and let hit haue but a boyle, and serue hit forthe as mortrewys." " Atriplex domestica, Arage, or medlus." roy. ms. 18 A. VI. f. 66 b,where its Tirtues are detailed. Arage, aroche. palsg. ^ There seems evidently here an error of the scribe in the Harl. MS. Arayn, aecording to Ray, is the name given in Nottinghamshire to thc larger kind of spiders. It is used also in Yorkshire. The Latin-English Dictionary in Mr. Wilbraham's library renders ara^iea an arayne, arantinus, an erayn webbe the former word is in the Medulla rendered, an attercoppe. See further, under Eranye.
16
b.
^
:

14

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or

(Aranye,
K. H. P.)

erayne.

Aj^anea,

A-RESTENEssE, OT a-restcnesse of
flesshe.3

Rancor, rancitas.
Aresto,

Arbytrowre, Arhitcr. Archangel yu heujn (arcawngel,

H.).

Arestyn, or a-tachyn.
attachio.

Archangelus.
defe
nettylle
H.)

Archaxgel,
aungell, p.)

(arc-

Argumente. Argumentum. (Arkawngell, or archaungel.

Archangelus, h.
p.)

Archangelus.
(aars,

Ars, or arce
culus, jiodex.

Anus,
dicc.

Arme. Brachium. Armehoole. Acella,

CATH. in hrachium.

suhyrcus,

Arswyspe.
anitergium.

Mcniiperium,
]?at

Arceter, or he
Artista.

lernethe or

Armyn. Armo. Armys, of auncetrye.

techethe arte (arcetyr, h. k. F.y

Armure

(ai-moure,

p.)

Arma. Arma,

Arch yn

a walle.

Archus.
arciis,

armamentum, c. f. armatura. Arneste, or hauselle (or eruest,

H. p. ansal, k.

Archer. Sagittarius. Sagittaria, Archerye.

cajh.

Strena,

p.).

Arneste, or emeste, seryowste.

Seriositas.

A-rechyn,
yn, p.)

or strecchyn (astretch-

Arnestely, or

ernestely.

Seriose.

Attingo.
p.)-

A-ROWME,

A-RENGE, or a-rewe (arowe,

Seriatim.

or morevttere.'* Eemote, deprope, seorsum.

A-RESTE, or
tyd,
K.

resty, as flesche (arees-

Arte. Ars. Artyn, or constraynyn.

coarto,
stringo.

areest

or reestyd,

p.)

stringo,

astringo,

Arto, con-

Rancidus.

A-RESTER, or a-tacher, or a catcherel,

or

catchepolle.

Au-

Arowe. Arwe,

Sagitta.

or or

ferefuUe
ferdfull,
^javerfws,

(amhe,
(p.)^

k.

garius,

A-RESTE,
tacio.
'

apparitor, cath. c. f. Aresor a-restyuge.

arowe,
rnidus,

Tiformidolus,

formidolosus.
arcieii.

Arcetour,

palsg.
all

Roquefort explains
story

<ircieii

as

etudiard en

'i>hiloso])hie,

artifex, artatws.

a-rewe, im"^etuo tenore rem expliiabo.''' horm. miracles " the wiche God schowed for dreamed that if he went to the place where the Earl liad beeu slaiu he schulde have ayenne his sigiite ; and so he dremed iij nightes arewe." Harl. MS. 4690, f. 64 b. * Among recipes of the XIV. century in a MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Pliillipps is one " to sauen venesone of rasticiphe (or rastischipe)." See the Roll of A.D. 13S1, in Forme of Cury, p. 111, " to do away Restyng of Venisone." Skinner derives resty from A. Sax. rust, rubir/o. * " Aroume he hovyd, and withstood." Rich. C. de Lion. The word occurs in K. Alis, 3340, Chaucer, Book of Fame, b. ii. 32. See Wilbraham's Cheshire Glossary,
'^

" I

shall

tell

the

the

The monkish chronicler Dowglas Seinte Thomas of Laiicaster, that

relates of the a blinJ priest

under
*

tlie

word

rynt.
torj^escere ])ro
fiinore.

A. Sax. earg, ignavv.s, earjian,

Tlie

word arwe occurs

in

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

15

Arwygyll
As.

worme.'

Aurealle.
auris.

AsKYS, or aschys (aske or asche,

K. H. p.)2

(aurialis, p.) ug.

Ciner, cinis,
k.

c. f.

Qiiasi, sic, veluti.

AsKYSYE
fyse,

(askefise,

p.

askein flo,

Temptatus, prohatus. A-SAYYD. A-sAYYN. Tempto, attempto. A-SAYLYD. InSultUS. A-SAYLYN. I)isi{i0. CATH. A-SAYLYNGE. InSultuS. A-scHAMYD, or niade a-shamyd.
Verecundatus. A-SHAMYD, or shamefaste.
cunclus, piidorosus.

H.3)

Ciniflo,

ug.

CATH.

AsKYN.
AsKY'NGE.

Peto, postido, jwsco. Peticio, postulacio.

AscHE AsLET

tre.

Fraxinus.
a-slowte

Vere-

(asloppe, h. a slope, p.) Ohlique. AsoYLYN of synnys (or defautes,

p.)

or

Ahs&Lvo.

AssE, a beste. Asinus. AssENEL, poyson (assenyke, pysone, K. H. p.)

Squilla,

c. f.

AsoYNYD, or refusyd. Refutatus, ASOYNYN. AsoYNYNGE, or rcfusynge. Refutacio.

AssENT, or acent, or a grannte.

Assensus.

AsPE
(asfast,

tre.

Tremidus.

AsFASTE, or a-noon
anone,
p.)

or

A-sPYjE (aspye,
spye.

Statim,

confestim,

protinus, inox.

AssYNGNYN,

supra in acynyfi (asynyn or acynyn, p.)

Petitor, jjostidator.

AsKER.

k. h. p.), or a Explorator. AsPYYN. Exploro. AsPYYNOE. Exploracio. AsPYYD (aspyed, or perceyued, perceptus, h. p.) Exploratus.

" Frensche men arn arwe and feynte." In Yorkshire arfe is used C. de Lioii, i. 3821. in the sense of fearful. See Boucher, under the words Arew, Arf, Arghe, and Arwe ; and Jamieson, under Erf, and Ergh. P. Ploughman uses the verb to arwe, to render
timid.
'

wiggle. MOORE.
^ '

called in Norfolk, erriwiggle. forby. In the Suffolk A. S. ear-wigga, vermis auricularis. A. Sax. Axe, axsa, cinis. See Boucher, under the word Ass. The reading of the Harl. MS. Askysye, is here given, although probably

This insect

is

dialect, arra-

it is

an error,

The printed editions all agree with the other MSS. in giving the word Askefise. In the MS. of the Medulla Gramra. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, No. 1022, ciniflo is rendered, an aske fyse and in another, No, 1360, hetere, an askefyce." The word does not occur in ^' cinipk/o, a. fyre blowere, an yryn several MSS. of the MeduUa in the Brit. Mus., nor in the Ortus Vocabulorum, but in Mr. Wilbraham's curious Latin-English Dictionai-y, printed about the same time as the Promptuarium, ctHJ^o is explained to be one ^' qai fial in cinere, vel qui preparat Anglice, aske fyste, a fyre blawer, or an yrne hotter." 2)Hlverem mvMelrem, The Harl. MS. 2257, a variety of tlie Medulla, renders the word "a heter of blode iren, or an axe wadelle " and it appears in Ihre's Lexic. Suiogoth. v. Aska, that askefis was applied as a term of reproach to those who remained indolently at homo by the fireside, as axewaddle is used in Devonshire. See Palmer's Glossary, and Boucher under the
by inadvertence of the scribe.
; ;

word Axewaddle.

'

16

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(astyl schyde.^
c. f.

AsTELLE, a schjyd
K.

(AsTROLOGY.

Astrologia, p.)

shyde, p.) Teda. tula, CATH, cadia.

as-

AsTRONOMERE. Astronomus. AsTRONOMYE. Astronoviia.

A-STRUT, or strutyngly (strowtingly, p.)

AsTYLLABYRE,
tyrlaby,
c. F.

r.)

instrument (asAstrolahium,

Turgide.
Distinctus,
divisus,

A-suNDYR.
disjunctus.
Attonitiis, conster-

AsTONYED, or a-stoyned yn mannys wytte.

natiis, stupefactus,

perculsus.

A-SONDYR, or brokyn. Fractus. A-suNDERLY. Disjunctim, sejmi'atim, divisim.

AsTONYD, as mannys wytte.

tono, CATH. UG. in tono.

At
yn

AsuRE.2

Asu7-a.

AsToxYNGE,
wytte.

or

a-stoynynge

AsuRYN,
securo.

or

insuryii.

Assecui'0,

Stupefactio,
or

conster-

natio, attonicio.

AsTOYNYN,

brese

werkys.
Quatio,

Attachyn, supi'a in arestyn. Athamyd, as a wessel wyth drynke,

(atamed,
p.)' Attaminatus,-Dicc.

(astoyn, or brosyn, p.) quasso, cath.

fnlle

depletus, cath.

AsTORYN, or instoryn wyth nedethyngys. Instauro. AsTRAY, or a best f>at goythe astray. Palans, c. f. vagida, CATH.

AsTRAYLY
p.)

(astray,

or

astrayly,

Palahunde, kylw.
or

(AsTRETCHYN
tingo, p.)

arcchyn.

At-

a wesselle wyth drynke, Attamino, depleo. Atthamynge of a wesselle wyth drynke. Attaminacio, depletio. A-tastyn. Pregusto. Atteynyn, supra in strechyn (astretchyn, p.). Convinco. Atteyntyn.
or abbi*ochyn.

Attamyn

(AsTROLOGERE.
See ScHYTD.

AstrologUS, P.)

Attyr, fylthe.* Sanies. Attyrcoppe.5 Aranea.

de bois, roquef. a piece of a

Astelle,

estelle, cojieau, eclat

wooden

log cleft for burning.

2 " LaziriuM, i. e, incaiisium, or asur colour," ort. voc. See Ducange, under the word Lazur; and directions " for to make fyn azure of lapis lazuli," and distinguishing lapis " lapis almaine, of whiche men maken a blew bis azure." Sloan, MS. 73, lazuly from f. 215 b. ^ John de Garlandia says, " Precones vini clamant gula hiante vinum attaminatum in tabernis, ^^ortando vinu,m temptandum, fusum in cratere,'' which the gloss renders atamyd. Liber dictus Diccionarius, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 177 b. " This sore is full of matter, or ater; purulentum.' * A. Sax. Atter, veyicnum. HORM. Atter has the same sense in Norfolk at tlie present time, and Skinner mentions See whytouwre. the word as commonly used in Lincolnshire. * A. Sax. Atter-coppa, aranea, literally a cup, or head of poison. See a curious tale of tlie effect of the venom of the atturcoppe at Shrewsbury, in the Preface to Langtoft"s Chron Hearne, i. p. cc. The Medulla renders aranca, an attercoppe, and the English Gioss. on the " Liber vocatus Equus," Harl. ^MS. 1002, f. 114, explains the and same word as addurcop. Palsgrave gives " Addircop or Spiners web, Araignie
;''''

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORtTM.
A-TYRE, or tyre of women.^
duniculum, cath. cnltus,

17

Re-

c. F.

A-VAUNCEMENT. Bmpficium. A-VAUNCYD (avaimtyd, h. avaunted, p.)

A-TYRYNynwomeyns
in

a-ray, supra

Benefciatus.
k. p.)

Arayn. Redimio,
(atrete, p.)

orno, cath.

A-vAUNCE, orboste (avaunt,

Atreet

Tractatim,
h. atwyxt,
k.

(tractim, distincte, K.)

A-twyxyn (atwexyn,
p.)

Inter.

Jactancia, arrogancia. A-VAUNTYN, or boostyn.3 Jacto, arrogo, ostento. A-VANTAGE (auamitage, p.) Pro-

A-TURNEYE
stitutus.

(atmnie,

h.

p.)

Sujfectus, c. F. atturnatus, sub-

Atte

1>e

laste.
(avayle,

Tandern,
k.
p.

de-

CATH. emolumentum, avauntagium, (prerogativa, p.) Aw^BE (awlbe, p.) Alba, poderis, CATH.
ventus,

mum,

novissime.

AwBEL
awayt, proventus,
Valeo,
K.

or

ebelle

tre

(ebeltre,

A-WHYLE

p.)-*

JEbonus,

viburnus,

w.)2 Profectus, emolumentum.

AwBURNE

Dicc. (ehe7ius, p.) coloure. Citrinus.

or drede.

A-vaylyn, or

profytyii.

AwE

Timor, pavor, ter-

prosum, CATH.

ror,

formido.

A-wAYTE, or waytynge (awaytinge,

ratus.
p.)

Exploracio,
or

explo-

A-WEY, or nott here. Absens. AuELONGE (awelonge, h. aweylonge, p.)5

Oblongus.

(AwAYTiNGE,
p.

takinge

heede,

AvENCE

herbe.6

Avancia, sana-

Attendens.')

munda.

Cumberland the word attereob signifies the web, as it does also \n YorkSee boucher and jamieson. In the Legenda Aurea, spiders are called spynSaynt Felyx, f. 72. In Trevisa's version of the Polychronieon, it is said that eoppes. in Ireland " there ben attercoppes, bioode-soukers, and eeftes tliat doon noue harme." Caxton, f. 63, b. " Atyre for a gentilwomans heed, atour.'"' palsg. See hereafter under tyre. ^ " Auayle, pivjiit.'" palsg. See an enactment in Rot. Parl. VI. 203, regarding certain mauors " witli all proufites and avayles to the same perteyning." ^ " Though you do neuer so many good dedes, you lese your mede if you auaunte you of tliem, se vanter.'"' palsg. The word occurs in another sense in Elyot's Librarie, "Vendito, to sell often, to auaunt, venditatio, an auaunt." * It is very doubtful what tree is here intended. Forby observes that in Norfolk the asp tree, popuhis tremula, is called ebble, which seems to be merely a variation of In a vocabulary in Harl. abele, the name given by botanists to the populus alha. MS. 10(i2, i'iiw?-WMni is rendered " a awberne." The Promptuary gives hereafter eban In early French writers the ^' lois d''auhor'" is often mentioned as in TRE, Ehanus. esteem for making bows but its nature has not been satisfactorily explained, and posIn German the yew tree is called ehen. sibly it may have been identical with the awbel. * This word occurs again herealter, warpyn, or wex wronge or avelonge as vesselle, In Harl. MS. 1002, f. 119, ohlongo is rendered to make auelonge and in the ohlongo, editor's MS. of the MeduUa, ohlongus is rendered auelonge, A. S. Awoh, ohlique. Moore gives the word avellong, used in Suftblk, when the irregular shape of a field interferes with the equal distribution of the work. Avens, caryophillata, SKINXEK. The virtues attributed, at the time the Promp-

Ray

says that in

sbire.

'

">

CAMD. SOC.

18

promptorium parvdlorum.
of cora (awene, k. awiie,

AvENE

A-vYSTs.

Delibero.

v.y Arista, cath. AvEXERE.2 Abatis, duorum generum, cath.

AwKE,

or

angry.6

Contrarius,
Sinister.

bilosus, perversus.

AwKE,
k.
p.)^
/)er-

or wronge.

A-VEXTURE. Fortuna, A-wERE, or dowte (awe, Dubium, ambiguum,

plexus.

(AwKLY, AwKELY,

or wi"ongly, k. Sinistre.) or wrawely.

or

Perverse,

contrarie, bilose.

AwMBRERE,
Ipe

awemenere (awmor amner, p.)7

AwFYX

of

chekar.4

Alfinus.

nere, k.

awmener

AwGRYM.5 Algarismus. AvYSEMENT. Inclicie, deliberacio.

AvYSYD.
Provisus, avisatus.

Elemosinator, rogatorius, c. f. AwMEBRY, or awmery. Elemosinariuni, rogatorium.

torium was compiled, to auaunce, by some called harefoot, which it resembles, may be found in Roy. ^IS. 18 A. VI. f. 67, b. It was used in cookery ; see the Forme of Cury, p. 13. By modern botanists it is known as the geum. " Arista. spica, an awne of corne, an ere, or a glene." dict. wilbr.
'

The avenere was an officer of the household who had the charge of supplying provender for the horses. A curious aecount of his duties ocrcurs in MS. Sloane, 1986, f. See AlaAis in Ducange and Spelman. The 28, b. quoted in Boucher's Glossary. his Clerk Avenar occurs in the Household Book of the Earl of Northumberland, 1511 duties were "for breving daily of horssemete and liuereis of fewell." Ant. Kepert, iv. 233. ' " I stand in a wer, whether I may go or turne agayne, hesito.'''' horm. * The awfyn or alphyn was anciently the name of the bishop in the game of chess. Hyde derives it from the Arabic, al-jil, an elephant. The piece was called by the French The third chap. of the seconde tracfol, at an early period, and subsequently avjin. tate of Caxton's game of the Chesse, 1474, " tretethe of the Alphyns, her ofRoe ande Alphyns oughte to be made ande formede in manere of Juges syttynge maners. The in a chayer withe a book open to fore their eyen. Theyr offyce is for to counceylle " Alfyn, a man of the chesse borde, a.vlfiii." palsg. the Kynge." See Dueange, Douce's Remarks on the European names of Chessmen, Archaeol. xi. p. 4(i0, and Sir F. Madden"s remarks on the chess-men found in Lewis, Archseol. xxiv. p. 225. Horman, speaking of chess, says, " We shulde have 2 kyngis, and 2 quyens, 4 alfyns, 4 knyghtis, 4 rokis, and 16 paunis." f. 2S2. b. * " Augrym, algorisme. To eounte, reken by cyfers of agryme, enchifrer. To cast an accomptes in aulgorisme with a penne, enchifrer. To cast an accomptes with counters, after the aulgorisme maner, calcaler. To cast an accomptes after the comen maner, with counters, compter par iect. I shall reken it syxe times by aulgorisme, or you can caste it ones by counters." palsg. It would hence appear that towards the commenoement of the XVIth century the use of the Arabic numerals had in some degree superseded the ancient mode of calculating by the abacus and counters, which, Hereafter we at the period when the Promptorium was compiled, were generally used. find the word counti.nge borde as an evidence. They were not indeed wholly disused at a time long subsequent an allusion to calculation by counters occurs in ShakeAlgorithm speare, and later authors prove that they had not been entirely discarded. or algorism, a term universally used in tlie XlVth and XVth centuries to denote the science of calculation by 9 figures and zero, is of Arabic derivation. * " Aukwarde frowarde, jje;-Mers. Aukwar leftehanded, f/auche, Auke stroke, reuers."
*
; ; :

palsg.
'

" Saynt Johan

tlie

Elemosner was mercyfull

in

suche wyse that he was called

al-

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

19

AwMBLARE,
darius,
larius.

as a horse (awmilere, K.H. aumlinge horse, p.)i Grac.

AwNTYR

f.

ambulator, amhu-

or happe (aunter, p.)^ Fortuna, fortuitus. AwNTRoN (awntryn, K. aventryn, Fortuno, cath. p.)*

AwMTR,
p.)

or ambyr (awmbyr, k. h. Ambra, c. f. (AuMENERE, H. awmener or am-

A^TOTEROws, or dowtefulle.
tunalis, fortuitus.

For-

AwNTEROWSLY.
forsan.

Forte, fortasse,

Elemosinarius.) AwNCETYR. Progenitor. AwNCETRYE. Progenitura, pronere, p.

sajiia, herilitas.

A-voYDAWNCE. Evacuacio. A-voYDYD. Evacuatus.

A-V0YDEN.5 Evacuo, devacuo. A-V0WE.6 Votum.

AwNDERNE
dyrn, p.)2
c. F.

(awndyryn,

k.

awn-

Andena, ipoporgiuni,

A-wowYN,
Voveo.

or to

(auowen, or
p.)

make a-wowe. make auowe, p.)^

AwNGEL. Angelus. (auncenyd, AwNSCHENYD

Antiquatus, veteranus.

A-vowYN,

AwNTE, moderys
teria,

systyr.
c. f.

MaAniita,

or stonde by the forsayde worde or dede. Advoco, CATH.S

terere, k.)

cath. Tia,
faderys
p.)

A-vowTERE
A-vowTRYE.

AwNTE,

systyr.

(avoutrere,H.p. avowAdulter, Adultera.

CATH. {aunta,

Adulterium.

mosner, or amener." leg. aur. f. 83. At the inthronization of Abp. "Warhani, 1504, to each of the tables wa3 appointed an almner, with sewer, panter, and other ofiBcers. LEL. coLL. vi. 18. Of the duties of the " aumenere " at the table of a great lord, see a curious English poem, of the times of Henry VI. appended to the " Bolve of Curtasye."
'

Sloan. MS. 1986, f. 43. De officiariis in. curiis Doiidmrum. " Amblyng horse, /irttguewet;." palsg, 2 Among " thingis that ben vsed after the hous," in Caxton's Boke for Travellers, " upon tlie herthe belongeth woode or turues, two andyrons of yron (brandeurs), a " Awndyrene, andena.'^ Vocab. Roy. MS. " Aundyern, chenet." tonge, a gredyron." " I lacke afyre pan and andyars to bere up the fuel. Alaribus vel ypopyrgiis ."" PALSG. HORM. It appears that andyrons and dogs were not identical, as generally is understood, for in the Inventory of Sir Henry Unton's effects, 1596, printed by the Berkshire Ashmolean Society, the two are enumerated as occurring together, and both occur also singly. Cotgrave renders " chenets, and landiers, a,ndiions harpon defer pour reteiiir et arrester un p)o%dtre, dogge of iron." * " Aunter, adventure." palsg. " He bosteth his dedes of aunters." horm. " To aunter, put a thyng in daunger, or aduenture, aduenturtr.'''' palsg. * " To auoyde as water dothe that ronneth by a gutter or synke, se vuyder. To blede, or auoyde bloode." palsg. * " Auowe, veu." palsg. This word occurs in R. de Brunne, Wiclif, and Chaucer. The phrase " perfourmed his auowe " occurs ia the Legenda Aurea, f. 47. ' " I have auowed my pylgrymage unto our lady of Walsyngham, fai aduoue." In the same book the word is used in a sense somewhat different. " To auowe, PALSG. warrant, or make good or upholde, as in marehaundyse or such like. Take this clothe of my worde, I auowe it for good, je le pleuuys.'''' * " But I wol not avowen that I say." chauc.
;

20

PROMPTORirM PARVCLORUM.
Babyrlyppy'd. Labrosus, cath,-^ Baker or baxter (bakstar, p.) Pistor, pxinicius, cath, panificus, panifex, panificator.

AwTERE. Altare, ara. AwTERSTOXE. Siqieraltare. AwTORTTE (auctorite, p.) Auctoritas.

AWTOWRE.
AxYLTRE, or ( AxE, or exe

Aiictor.

exyltre.

Axis.
Securis,

to hewe, p.

dolabra.) A-5EXE (ayeu, p.) Itenim, adhuc, rursum, rursus,

Bace, or fuudauieut. Basis. Bace, fysche.* Bace chambyr. Bassaria, vel camera bassaria, sive camera
bassa.

Bace pleye. Barrus. Barri,

bar-

A-3EXS, or a-geus (ayeusorageyne,

p.)

Contra, adversus.
p.)

A-3EXWARDE (ajenwarde,
contrario,
e

E
In-

rorum, dantur ludi puerorum. Bacexett. Cassis, cath, in galed. Bacularius, bachBachelere,
iUarius, bachalarius.

converso.
wyll, p.)

A-3EN WYLLE (ayen

vite.

Babe, or

lytylle cliylde.

Infans,

Bacxjn flesche. Petaso, baco. Bad, or wykyde, Malus. Badde, or uowglit worihe. InvaUdus. BADLY,or wykkydly, Male, inique.

pueiHlus, x>usillus, pusio, dist.

(Baffyn
Baulo,
her

as as

howudys,

k.

h. p.

Babewyx,
ipos,

or

babeweu (babwyu,

baffo, latro.)

Detippus, c. f. figmentum, cliimera. Bablyx, or waveryn (babelyu, p.) LihriUo.

or babwen, p.)^

Baffynge
glatio.

howndys folowynge
Nicto,

pray.

cath.

ug.

Baffynge

Babelyxge,

or wauerynge.
(babyll,
p.)"'^

Va-

cillacio, libriUacio.

Babclle, or bable

hriUa, CATH. pegma,

'

c. f.

Licath.

bawlyuge of or howndys. Baulatus, baffatus. Bage, or bagge of armys (badge, bannidium, BanicUum, p.)^ KYLW.

" Babwyne beest, laboyn.''' palsg. " Lihrilla, hamlus cum corrigia plumhafa ad lihrandum carnes. Pegma, baculus cum massa 'plumhi in siimmitate pendente, et ut dicit Ccrnutus tuli ho.culo scenici lude" Librilla diciiur instrumentum lihrandi, idem est perculiendi lapides in, 6a/." CATH, In the Yoeabulary, Roy. casira, i. mangonus, a bable, or a dogge malyote." ort. Voc. MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 56, b. oecur under Nornina annoritm, with mase and other weapons, " Dog babuUe, hahrilla, Babulle, Pegma.'" Palsgrave renders " Bable for a foole, See Douee's Illustrations of Shakespeare, where -will be found numerous maroiie." representations of the bauble. Bauhella, in old P>ench hahioles, trinkets, gewgaws. ^ Piers Ploughman describes Covetyse as " byttel browede and baberlupped." In old French the thick lips of some animals are called haheines. roquef. * " Bace, u.ng har." " Luhin, a. base, or sea wolfe. Bar, the fish called a palsg. base." COTGR. The basse, or sea perch, the hiptis of the Romans, labrax lupus, CDv. seeras to be the fish here intended, and not the coal-fish, according to the explan*

ation in Boucher's Glossary.

*

" Badge of a gentylman,

la

deuise d^ung Seigneur.'" palsg.

It

was a cognisance

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Bagge, or poke (pocke,
culus.

21
toole.

k.)

Sac-

Bakke

of egge BaivKebytere.

Ebiculum.
de-

Detractor,
p.)

Bagge, or

sacclielle (sechelle, k.)

tractrix, ohlocutor, oblocutrix.

Saccellus.

Bagbytyn (bakbyten,
traho, detracto, cath.

De-

bocyn owte, quei^e Tumeo. infra in bocyn. Bagge pype. Fanduca, kylw. (Bagge pypere. Panducarius, p.) (Bahche, or bakynge, K.batche, p.
or

Baggyn,

(Bakbytyng,

k. backebytinge, p.

Detractio, oblocutio.)

Bakhowse,
Bakyn,
fico.

or

bakynge

howse.

Pistrina, pistri)ium, cath.

or to bake, or

Pistura.)

Pinso, pani(baked,
p.)

Bay

Bacca. Bay, or wytk-stondynge.

frute.

Obsta-

Bakyn,
Pistus.

bake

culum.

Bayyd, as a horse
dius,

(bay, p.)

Baomnes

Bakyn Tuder
K.).

pe askys

(aschys,

ug.

et

ibi

nota

Subcinericius.
(or bahche, k.)

colores equorum.

Bakyxge
tura.

Pis-

Bayyn, or berkyn a-yene (ageyne,

p.)

Relatro.
as benys or pesyn.'
flyinge
best,
k.

Baynyd,
sus.

Fre-

Bakynge howse. Panificium. Bakward, or bakstale.3 A retro.

Baxter,
sup7'a in baker (bakstare,
in bacun. K. P.)

(Bakke,
p.
tilio.)

fleynge byrde, w.^

bak, Vesper-

Bakun, supra

Bakke.

Dorsum.
of a beste.

Bakke Bakke

of

man, or woman.

Tergus, cath. Ter-

Bakwarde. Eetro, retrorsum. Balle of pley. Pila. Balle of fe ye (iye, p.) Pupilla. Trabes, Balke yn a howse.-*
trabecula, comm.

guin, CATH.

or ornament, forming part of the livery assigned by a chieftain to his followers, which The word is probably deriveJ from A.S. beag, corona, led to the use of uniforms. See in Harl. MS. 4632, an interesting list of badges of cognisance, printed in armilla. CoUect. Topogr. et CTenealogica, vol. III. p. 54. * This word seems to signify shelled, and consequently prepared for the table, from bayn, ready. See Jamieson and Boucher. In Norfolls bein means pliant or limber, FORBY. Compare beyn or plyaunte, which oecurs hereafter. " Backe, a beest * " Lucifuya, quedam avis lucem fugiens, a backe." ort. voc. " Vespertiiio, a reremouse or backe." eliot. palsg, that flyeth, ckauvesouris." A.S. Hrere-mus. ' Bakstale may be derived from A. S, stael, stal, lociis, staius. In German stelleih
signifies to place,
*

" With his owen hand than made he ladders three, To climben by the renges and the stalkes Unto the tubbcs honging in the balkes." chauc.
" Trabes, a beame, or a balke of a hous."
palsg.

MiIIer's Tale.

A.S. Balc, trabs.

pouste,'''' i, e.

ort.

VOC

" Balke,

imutre.

22

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
p.)

Balpley, or pley (plainge,

at
])e

Balyschepe

balle.

Pililudus.

Balpleyere.
dulus idem

PiUlucUus,
est,

Upi-

ludipihis.

Balauxce. Statera, Ubra, falanx

{halanx, p.) trutina.

Baldemoyn (baldmony,

k, balde-

monye, p,)i Genciana. Bale, or bane.2 Mortiferurn,

(balyshype, k.) BaUiatus. Balke in a howse, supra. Trahs. Balke of (on, p.) a londe eryd.^ Porca, CATH. Balkyn, or to make a balke yn a londe (in erynge of londe, p.) Porco, c. F. in porca. Balky^, or ouerskyppyn, Omitto.

Bale

toxicum, letiferum, letale. of spycery, or other lyke.

BALHEWjOr i^leyn (balwe,or playne,

p.)6

Planus.
cursere.

Bulga, c. F. Balle, schepys name, BaUatoi\ haUatrix {halator, p.) Baleys.3 Virga. Baly (baley, p.)-* BaUivus. Baly, or seriaiint men arestynge. Angarius, cath. apparitor.

Bannare, or
cator,

Impremaledicus,
in bale,

imprecatrix,

maledica.

Baxe, or poyson {supra

p.)

Vide supra.

Mortiferum,

exitium, intoxicum, letifenim.

Baxe

Ballyd, Calvus. Ballydxesse. Calvicies.

"

Banna, coragium,
hidium, p.)
sick

of a pley (or mariage, p.) c. f. {pre-

Look how a

man

for his hele

Takith baldemovn with the canele.'"

GOWEE.
" Genciana ys an herbe

Of the
that
2

virtues attributed to this herb, see Roy.

MS. 18 A. VI.
;

clepyth baldemoyne, or feldewort." signification here given to bale is uncommon its usual meaning is mischief, woe or calamity. Thus Hampole, in the Pricke of Conscience, calls the day of doom " the day of bale and bitterness." S. Balew, exitiurn, 3 Hereafter occurs in the Promptorium ^erde baleys, virga. Virga is rendered a jerde or a rodde, med. and ort. toc. ; and such the baleys seems to have been, and not a besom, halai, in the present sense of the word. Matthew Paris relates that in 1252 a person came to perform penance at St. AIban's, '\ferens in manu virgam quarn vulgariter baleis a^ypellamus," with which he was disciplined by eaeh of the brethren. Wats in the Glossary observes, " Ita Norfolcienses rnei vocant virgam majorem, et ex pluribus longiorihus viminihus qualihus utuntur padagogi severio7-es in scholis.'"' Baleys occurs in Piers Ploughman in the same sense. Forby does not notice it but the verb to balase occurs amongst the provincialisms of Shropshire see Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua. * In the Wicliffite version Baili seems to imply the charge or office, " jelde rekenynge of thi baili, for thou myght not now be baylyf." Luc. 16. " He is my ryue and bayly, Inquilinus prediorum urhicorum et rusticorum." HOrm. * " Crebro, a balke bitwyne two furrowes, Porca vorat furfur, aratrum vult vertere porcam.'''' med. harl. ms. 2257. " He hath made a balke in ihelsinde, scannumfecit, iive crudum svlam etinrnotum reliquit." horm. " Baulke of ViwAe, separaison.'''' palsg. A.S. Balc, porca. The word is still in use in Norfolk and Suffolk. * In Gawayn and the Green Knyjt oceur the expressions " a balj berg," and "balje hawnchej," which are explained by Sir F. Madden to mean ample, swelling. Mr. Stevenson, however, in Boucher'8 Glossary, interprets the word as smooth or unwrinkled.

me

The

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORITM.

23
Bannicio, han-

Banere. Vexilhm. Banntn, or waiyyn.

Bannyschynoe.
Imprecor,
nitus, exilium.

Banynge,

maledico, execror. or cursynge.

catio, maledictio.

Baptym.2
ImpreCATH.

Baptismus, baptisma,
p.

(Baptyst, or baptisar,
tista.)

Bap-

BANYowRE,orbannerberere. Vexillarius,
vexillifer,

primipilus,

UG.

Baptyzyn (baptyse, p.) Baptizo. Baratowre.3 Pugnax, cath.

rixosus, c.F. jurgosus,

Banke Banke

of watyi'.
of
])e

Ripa.
Litus.

see.

Banker.i

Scamnarium, amphip.)

Barbaryn Barbaryn
baris.

frute.

Barbeum,

c. f.

tre (barbery, p.)

Bar-

taba, c. F. UG.

Banyschyd (banysshed,
nitus, exulatus.

Ban-

Barbican
Barboure.

by-fore

castelle.*

Antemurale, kylw.
p.)

Banschyji (banysshe,

Bannio.

Barhitonsor.

' The banker was a cloth, carpet, or covering of tapestry for a form or bench, from the French ''^hanqider, tapis pour mettre sur un banc, sti-agulum ahaci.^'' nicot. cotgr. " AmphitajHi est tapetum circumiilosum, a woU loke." ORT. " Tajies utriiique villosus.'''' DUC. ; denoting the coverings of arras and tapestry work, wrought, perhaps, on both sides, such as are enumerated in the Inventory of Sir John Fastolfe's effects, 1459. there also find " Banker, hangyng tapestry worke," Archoeol. xxi. 257, 265. which may mean the tapestry commonly in use for hangings, or that the Banker was in this instance the covering of a high-backed seat, over which it was hung. In an earlier Inventory of the Priory, Durham, 1446, occur " iij Bankquerez paleat' de llodio intenso ornatu murorinn ejusdem camerce,^'' these last being of the costerw pro et remisso ; same suit as the Bankers, that is, of eloth of say, paly dark blue and hght. Inventoriea published by the Surtees Society, i. 92. In the Teutonic, lavck-werck is rendered by Kilian, " ta^ies, ojnts imlymitum, vulgo bancalia, scamnalia, suhsellii stragulum.^^ Vocabulary of nearly the same date as the Promptorium gives " pe^JOtasina hachis, banquere." ROY. MS. 17. C. XVII. This word has been in Boucher's Glossary incor-

We

rectly explained to
^

mean a table-cloth. not an error of the scribes, but a singular corruption of orthography. In In the other MSS. as well as tlie printed editions, the sarae spelling occurs. the Wicliffite version it is thus written, as also baptym, and baptem, in the Legenda Aurea. The observation would be trivial, did it not afford an evidence of the predominant influence of the French language in England at the period the word is evidently thence received, and not from the Latin. ^ Compare hereafter debate maker, or barator, incentor. feyghtare, or baratowre, pugnax, which is distinguished from feyghtare, pugnator, showing tbat the word implies one of a contentious disposition, and not an actual combatant. * Spelman explains the barbacan to be " munimen a fronte castri, aliter antemurale dictum ; etia.m foraraen in iirhium castrorumque mceniis ad tragicienda missilia. Sax. burgekening. Vox Arahica.^^ Pennant asserts that the Saxons called the barbican to other writers have suggested a different the north-west of Cripplegate, burgh-kenning BuUet would denve it from the Celtic, har, etymology, A.S. burk-beacn, urhis specula. Lye gives barbacan as a word adopted in the Anglo-Saxon before, lach, an inclosure. language, and we must certainly not seek thence its derivation. The best specimens of the outworks to which this name was given were at York, and called the Bars, of which
Baptym
is
; ;

one

still

exists in

good preservation.

24

PROMrXORIUM PARVULORUM.

(Barborery, or barboiysh hous,

K. barbours
p.

hous for shauynge. Barhitondium.)

fysche (barbell fisshe,
of
])e

Barren Barryn
(julo,

harnes.

Stipo, constipo.

dorys, (wyndowns, K.) or

ofer shyttynge.

Bessido, repa-

Barbylle
p.)

Barhyllus.

Barryn-ge
mowthe.i
shettynge,
ohseracio.

of

Barbulle, sekenes Bare. Nudus. Baryn, or to make

denudo.

p.)

doiys (or other Repagxdacio,

Stijmcio,
(barryjer,

bare.

Kudo,

Barryxge

of harneys.

constipacio.

Baryne (barevn, p.) Sterilis. Bareyxte (bareynesse, p.) Sterilitus.

Barrere, or barreere
K.)
rus, c. F.

Pararium, harraria, barp.)

Barelle. Cadus. Barenesse. Nuditas.

Bargayne (bargany,
tacio, stipulacio,

Lici-

cath.

Barre
Barre

of

a gyrdylle,
Stipa.

or

oj^er

Barganyyx, or
gayne.
licito,

to

make

bar-

harneys.2

Stipulo, cath. mercor,

of ]>e schyttynge of a dore (shettmge, p.) Fessulum, re2?agulu)n, vectis, clatrus, cath. Barre abo^n-te a graue or awter Barre, plur. c. f. (barres, p.)

UG.

c. F.

Barge, schyppe. Barcha. Barke. Cortex. Barke, powdyr of (for, p.) lethyr. Ferunium (frunium, p.) cath.

UG. in gero, {cerre, v.)

Barkere
frunio,

(barkar,
c. F.

p.)

Cerdo,

(Barred as a girdell, p. Stipatus.) Garratus, Barryd wyth p-eii.

UG. {cerratus, p.)
'

Barkarys
water, p.)

barkewatyr (barkars Naucea, c. f.

Burbul, papula. rot. ms. 17 C. XVII. de infirmitatihus. It is probably the same as under the tongues of horses and eattell, the which Barhes aux veanx, the barbles." cotor. they kill, if they be not speedily cured. ^ The ornaments of the girdle, which frequently were of the ricliest deseription, were termed barres, and in French clou.r ; they were perforated to allow the tongue of the buckle to pass through them. Originally they were attaehed transversely to the wide tissue of wliieh the girdle was formed, but subsequently were round or square, or fashioned like the heads of lions, and similar devices, the name of barre being still reThus a eitizen of Bristol bequeathed in 1430, " zonam tained, though improperly. liamizatam curn harris argenti rotundis.'" In the description of the girdle of Richesse,

"

barhes, pushes or little bladders

in Chaucer''^

Romaunt

of the Rose,

we

read,
full fine

" The barris were of gold

Vpon

a tissue of sattin,

Full hevie, grete and nothing light, In everiche was a besaunt wight."'

The word was similarly applied to In the original, " les cloux furent d^or epure."" the ornanients of other parts of costume, such as the garter, woni by the Knight of the Order, or spur-Ieathers, as in Gawayn and the Green Knyjt, i. 287.
" clene spures under Of bry^t golde vpon silke bordes
Barred
ful

ryche."

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

25
cath.
c.

Barkyn

lethyr.

Fi^unio,

tanno, or

Melotes,

f.

melota,

tannio, c. F.

UG. in mellese.

Barkynge
ledyr, p.)

of lethyr

(lethyr

Frunicio.
to

Barlylepe,
(barlep,

p.)^

kepe yn corne Cumera, ug. in

triticum,

camos.

Barly corne. Ordeum,

c. F.

lorde (barun or baron, Baro. Baronesse. Baronissa. Baronye. Baronia. Bartryn or changyn, or chafare oone thynge for a othere. Cambio, campso, cath.
p.)

Baroone

Tempus ordeacium. Barlymele. Alphita, ug. in al. Barme.3 Gremium. Barmclothe, or naprun."* Limas,
Barlysele.2
CATH.

Bartrynge,
chafyre.

changynge or Cambium, c. f.

of

Barnyskyn
'

(barme
lep."

skyn,

p.)^

ceBarowe.'' Cenovectorium, novium, UG, in cenon, c. f. Baselarde.''' Sica, c. f. clunabulum, cath. (pugio, brit. p.)

" Sporta, a bere rendered " a berynge

2

In one MS. of the MeduUa it is A.S.Bere,hordeuM,lea,p,co7-bis. See beringe lepe. In Norfolk at the present tinie the season of sowing barley is ternied barley-sele, in
lepe, or basket." ORT. voc.

Suffolk, barsel. forby,

^
*

moore. A S. sel. occasio. barme this litel child she leid." chauc. A.S. bearra, greinium. Chaucer uses the word it occurs in the Miller's Tale " A barme cloth as white as morrow milke
"

And

in hire

Upon her lends, full of many a gore." The MeduUa explains limas to be " vestis que xtrotenditur ah umhilico usque ad pedes, qua utiintur servi coci et femine. Anylice, barm cloth." A.S. barm-rsesl, or barm-cIatS,
mappula, elfric.
' The melotes is explained in the Catholicon to be " quedam, vestis de pilis vel pellihus taxi facta, a collo ^^i^ndens usque ad lumhos, qud monachi utuntur, Et iste hahitus est necessarius proprie ad ojperis exercitium, eadem ut pera ut dicunt.'''' Uguitio says, " melota ex i^Mihus caprinis esse dicitur, ex una vero parte dep^endens.'''' See Ducange. The King's MS. gives barniskyn, but the reading of the printed editions appears to be preferable, barme-skyn, implying simply an apron formed of the skin of a beast. Barmskin is preserved in the dialect of Lancashire, where it means a leathern apron. ^ barowe or crowde was a small vehicle, whether precisely similar or not to the barrow of the present times, cannot be asserted. When Sir Amiloun was worn out with leprosy, and reduced to " tvelf pans of catel," the faithful Amoraunt expended that little sum in the purchase of a barowe, therein to carry the knight about.

" Therwith

thai

went

And bought hem

ful yare a gode croude wain."

Amis and Amiloun, 1867.

" Cenovectorium, a berw. Instrumentum cuvi quo deportatur A.S. berewe, vectula. cenus.''^ med. See crowde, barowe. ' The Baselard was a kind of long dagger, which was suspended to the girdle, and worn, not only by the arnied knight, but by civilians, and even priests. Thus Piers

Ploughman,

in allusion to the neglect of clerical propriety, says,

" Sir John and Sir Jeffery hath a girdle of silver, A baselard, or a ballocke knife, with bottons ouergilt."

Knighton tells us that the weapon with whieh Sir William Walworth put Jack Straw to death was a basillard. Sir William was a member of the Fishmongers' Company, who CAMD. SOC. E

26

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
p.)

Basket, or panyere (panere,

Calathus.

Bastynge
CATH.

of clothe.

Suhsutura,

Basket, or a

lepe.^ Sporta, corbes

Batayle.
elliim.

Bellum, pugna,
Perticulus,

ducath.

{cajustntm, cartallum, p.) Bassenett, supra in bacenett

(basnet, p.) Basone wesselle (basun or bason,
vessell, p.)

Batte

staffe.5

fustis, batiUus, UG. in bachis.

Felvis.
(bast,
p.)

Baaste, not wedloke

BastarcUa.

Bastarde. Bastardus, notlms.^ Bastarde, comyn of fadyr and modyr geuteylle (comyn of nngentyl fadyr and gentyl moder,
P.)

stavys Fustigo, haculo. Batyn, or abateii of weyte or mesure. Subtraho. Batyn, or make debate. Ju7-gor, vel seminare discordias, vel dis(battis, p.)

Battyn, or

betyn wyth

cordare.

Battfowlere.
CATH.

Aucubaculator,

Sjiurius, spuria, cath.

Bastarde, of fadyr

gentylle,

and

Batfowlyn

(or

go

to take birdes

modyr

vngentylle.
castelle

NotJius,

in the nyght, p.)

Aucuhaculo.

notha, CATE.

Battefowlynge.'^
or cytye.^
in facio.

Aucubacubabiearium,

Bastyle of a

latus, (cATH. in hamis, p.)

Fascennia, vg.

Bathe.

Balneum,

Bastyn
sutulo.

clothys.^

Suhsuo, cath.

habiecttorium, UG.

Bathynge.

Babieacio.

preserve the -weapon traditionally recorded to have been used by him on this Among Songs and Carols edited by oceasion, and which he presented to the Company. " Pugio, a dagger or a Thos. Wright, is a spirited poem describing the baselard. " hoked baslarde (hizachius) is a perels wepon with the Turkes." baslarde." ort.
Btill

HORM.
'

In old French laselaire, hadelaire, from halthearis, eoquef.

See Ducange,

lasnlardus.

See LEEP, or baskett. " Lepe, or a basket, co?-Jei7Ze." palsg. A.S. leap, co5-5i. " Bast, hatard.''' ROQCEF. " He was bigeten o baste, God it wot." Artour and Merlin. Weber, iii. 360. ^ Fascenia Js explained to be " clausihilis vallatio circa castra et civitates que solet " Closture de hois, palis.'''' fieri quihmdam fascihus stipttlarum et lignorum." cath. CATH. ABBREV. Roquefort gives " BastHle, chateau de hois." In Caxton's boke of the Fayt of armes, part ii. c. xxiiii. of habillements that behouen to an assawte, are directions at length respecting bastylles and bohverks of wood, formed with palebordes See called penelles, with defences after the manner of towers, and other batellements. also c. xxxiT. Lord Berners, in his translation of Froissart, writes, " They landed lytell made dayly." and lytell, and so lodged in Calays, and there about, in bastylles that they * " This dublet was nat well basted at the first, and that maketh it to wrinkle thus, ce fourpoynt n^estoit ^;as hien hasty.'''' palsg. Cliaucer uses this word, Rom. of the Rose, " With a threde basting my slevis." "Besten. Fris. Sicambr. leviter consuere.''^ kilian. " Lo Judas, oon of the * This word occurs in the Wicliffite version, Matt. x.xvi. 47. A.S. batt, fustis. twelve. cam, and with him a greet cumpany with swordis and battis." ' " Batfowlynge, la pipee." palsg. The Catholicon explains hamis to be "'fusfis aucupalilis, scil. virgula qve sustinet rheie in cjuo capivntur fere, vtl que levat rhete in (^uo capiuntur aves.^''
"

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

27
or obedyeut to anopyr Ohedio.)

Batyldoure, or wasshynge beFeretorium, dicc. Batylmext of a walle. Protyllc^

Be buxum,

(obeyyn, k.

pugnacuhan.

Batowre

of flowre

water (batour, Bawde. Leno.

p.)

and mele wyth Mola, c. f.

or
c.

Besegyde. Obsessus. Becegyn. Ohsideo. Besegynge. Obsidio. Becekyn, or prey (beseche

pray, p.)

or

Rogo, oro, deprecor.

Bawdekyn
sylke.
serica,

clothe,

(of
f.

p.)

Besekynge, or prayere.
cacio,

Deprero-

Olosericus,

olo-

supplicacio,

oracio,

cath. ug.
Strophius, cath.
or tre.

gatus, ragacio.

Bawderyke.2 Bawme, herbe

Balsamus,

Becemyn. Decet. Besemynge, or comelynesse.

cencia.

De

melissa, melago.

Bawme,
j.

oyle (baume, p. beaume,

N.)

Balsamum.

Bawmyn

Bawstone,

(balmyn, p.). Balsamo. or bawsone, or a gray (baunsey or bauston, best, p.)^ Taxus, melota, cath.
beste.

Beche, tre. Fagus, cath. Becydyn. Juxta, secus. Besyttyn, or dysposyn (becettyn,
K. besette, p.)

Dispono.
tliorus,

Bed.

Lectus,

stratus,

Bee, a

Be betyn. Be besy. Be borne.

Apis. Vapulo.

stratorium, grabatum. Bedclothe, or a rayment for a

bed.

Lectisternium.

Solicitor.

Bede, or bedys.

Numeralia, de-

Nascor.

preculce. c. f. (vagule, p.)

" Batyldore, laUouer a lessive, betyl to bete clothes with, hattoyr.'" palsg. FeritoHum ' explained in the Medulla to be " instrumentum cum quo nmlicres verlerant vesturas in lavando, a battyng stafFe," " or a betyll.'" ORT. voc. Thus is found 2 " Baudrike. carquant, baldi-ike for a ladyes necke, carquan." palsg. " A/iabola est ornamentum mulieris a collo dependens, a baudrik." in the Ort. Voc. The word had, however, a more general sigtiitication ; it is derived, probably, from haudrier, a strap orgirdle of leather, but was afterwards used to denote similar appliances of any material, and of costly decoration. In Gawayn and the Grene Knjt, bauderyk is the appellation of the guige, or transverse strap by which the shield was suspended round the neck. Hall relates that " Sir Thomas Brandon wore a great bauderieke of gold, greate and massy, trauerse his body ;" and he further describes the Earl of Southampton, Great Admiral of England, as " wearing baudrick-wise a chayne at the whyeh It did hang a whistle of gold, set with ryche stones," which was a badge of office. would appear that the bauderyke was properly a belt worn transversely, as was the '^ gakderob. edw. i. 1299. haudre de serico, argento munitum pro cornu Bet/is." lib. It signified also the cingidum, or military belt, and in the 16th century the jewelled ornament worn round the neck both by ladies and noblemen. See Hairs Chronicle, p. .'508, baldrellus and baldringus in Ducange, and Boucher's Glossary. * ' Bawcyn, or brok, These words fiber, castor, taxiis, melota.'' garl. synonvm. A. S. broc, a badger. are in the MeduIIa and Ortus explained as signifying the brocke. and baucines in William and The word bausenej occurs Cott. MS. Nero, A. x. f. 62
is
:

the Werwolf.

See Bawson

in

Boucher's Glossai^.

28

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
prayers.i

Bede, or

Oracio, supsupplicator,

Beggar.

Mendicus, mendica.
as a fathyr.
as

plicacio, interventus.

Bedman.
exorator.

Orator,

Begetare Begetare
trix.

Genitor.

mothere.

Geni-

Bedewoman,
catrix.

Oratrix,

suppli-

Begetyn. Genero, gigno. Begetynge. Genitura,

racio.

gene-

Bedele, Preco, bidellus. Bedered-man, or woman.2

j^g.

Bygylyn

(begyle,

p.)

Decipio,

cumbens, clinicus, clinica. cath. Bedyk, or proferyn.3 Offero. cath. Bedyxge, or profeiynge, Oblacio. Beddyxge. Lectisternium, lectuarium,

fraudo, seduco, circumvenio. Begyl^vnge, or dysseyte. Decepcio, fraus.

Begyle.

Fraus.
or thyggyn (thigge, p.)^
fode, as

Beggyn

Bedys, supra

in bede.

Mendico.

Beddys syde. (Bedlawyr,

SjJonda, kylw. c.f.

s^qjra in
bedered,-*

Beggyn bodely
drynke.

mete and

Victo, cath.

K. p. Decu7nbens.)

Be-drabylyd,
ludosus.

or drabelyde.

Fa-

Beggynge. Mendicacio. Begynnare. Inceptor, inchoator. Begynnyn. Incip)io, inchooi

Bedstede.

Stratum.
or welle plesyde. Letor.
(beflf,

Begyn a-yene
Begynnynge.
p.)

(ageyne, p.)
Incepcio,

Itero.

Be fayne,
Byffe,

incho-

flescbe

Bopul-

acio, initium, exoi-dium.

villa, bosor.

Begynts^ynge, or rote of a Jjynge.

{filinius, vel

Befyce, Filius
eher filius, p.)

Origo, ortus.

Be
Predictus,

glad, or meiy.
or

Letor, jo-

Beforeseyde.
fatus.

pre-

cundor.

Beholdere,
seyynge.

lokar

vpon yn

Beforesette. Prefixus. Beforetyme. Ante, antea. Beforne a thynge (before, Coram, ante. Be-fote, or on fote (afote,
Pedestre,

Inspector.
or seen.

Beholdyn,
p.)

Intuor, in-

spicio, aspicio.

Beholdyn, or bowndyn (beholde

p.)

or bounde, p.)

Obligor, teneor.
intuicio.

adv.

vel

pedestris,

pedester, cath.
'

Beholdynge. Inspeccio, Be-herte. Cordetenus.

In the Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. occiirs " ro^acio, oracia, A.S. bidde, oratio, biddan, peUre. 2 A.S. bedredda, clinicv.s. ^ The verb is used in the sense of proffering in Gawayn and the Green Knyjt, in Robert de Brunne's Chronicle, and in Sir Tristrem. A.S. beodan, jubere. * In the will of Sir Thomas de Hemgrave, dated 1419, among the Hengi-ave evidenees in the possession of John Gage Rokewode, Esq. is the following bequest to the bed" Item lego cuilibet pav.perum vocatorum bedlawermen infra ridden poor in Norwich civitaiem predictam iiiid. od orandum pro anima mea." ' See hereafter thyggy^ge, mendicacio, A.S. pigan, accijjcre cihum.
deprecacio, a bede or prayer,"
:

PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
Beheste.i
Promissio.
Retro, a retro, pone. or bakewarde. He-

29
rendylle.4

Bek watyr,
torrens.

Rivulus,

Behynde. Behynde,
trorsum.

(Beke, tokyn,

(Beken with
conniveo.

Behotyn, or make a bcheste (or

bebestyn, h. behote or beheste, Promitto, pollieior. p.)2 Behouely (behouable, p ) Oportunus,

p. Nictus.) the iye, p. Annuto, Connivet hic oculis,

Beknyn
UG.

annuit ipse manu.) Annucio (bekyn, p.) {annuo, p.) annuto, nuto, c. f.
or a bek (bekenynge,

Behouelynesse (behouableuesse,
p.)

Beknynge,
p.")

Oportunitas.
Oportet.

A^mutus,

nntus

{annic-

Behouyn.

tus, P.)

Bey, or boy.
inge,
J.

Scurrus.
(strekp.)^

Beekne,
Far,
rus, p.)

or fyrebome (bekne,
ug. in fos.

Beykynge, or streykynge
N.)

c. F. et

k) (Pha-

Protencio, extencio.

Beyn, or plyaunte (beykn,

Flexihilis.

Be-laggyd.^
dosus, p.)

Madidatus (palu-

Beyton hoorse. Beyton \\jt\\ howndys,berys,bolys,

or otherlyke.

Belamy. Amicus pulcher, et est GaUicum, et Anglice dicitur,

fayre fryude.

Com7nordio,cATH.

vel canibus agitare, (^ohlatro, P.)

Beytynge of horse. Pahulacio. Beytynge of bestys wyth howndys.

Exagitacio.

Be lawfulle. Licet. Be lefulle, idem est.

Beldam, moderys modyr.
lona, c. f.

Bel-

(Beytinge of houndes,
tratus.)

p.

Oblac. f.

Beldam,

Bek, or lowte.

Conquiniscio,

and moders faders modyr, bothe (beldame, faders or moders whether it be, p.)^
Avia, cath.
c. f.

{inclinacio, p.)
'

See BEHOTY.\, or make a beheste. In the Wicliffite version Acts ii. 39 is rendered, " the biheeste is to 30U and to joure sones." Horman speaks of making " behestes to God and sayntis. I haue behest a pygge to Saynt Antony, voto muicupavi.'''' " Nutio, i. proinissio, a promyse, or behyghtynge. Promissio, a beheste." ORT. " To behest or promesse, to behyght." palsg. * The A.S. behatan, vovere. Chronicler of Glastonbury, Douglas, relates, amongst the miracles of St. Thomas of Lancaster, tliat a certain sick man " beheten to God and to Seinte Thomas thatte iff he Harl. MS. 4690, werre hole thatte he sehulde come thiJer to seke him " (at Pomfret). f. 64, b. In the WicUffite version we read, " what euere God hath bihi^t he is mijti to do," Rom. iv. 21. ' Bane in the dialects of Yorkshire and Somerset signifies near, or convenient. * *' Torrens, aqua sordida ex inundationibus pluviarum, a beke or ryndell." A.S. beec, rivulus. The word is commonly used in the North. See Brockett. * A passage in Gautier de Bibelesworth, where he speaks of one who has been splashed by horses in miry places, " Cy vent vn garsoun esclate," or esclauote, has this gloss in the margin, " bilagged wit swirting." Arund. MS. 220, f. 303. A.S. lagu, aqua. ^ " Recommaunde me to your bel-fadre, and to your beldame, a vosire tayon et a vostre taye.^'' boke for irav. caxt.

30

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(bild-

Beeldtoge, or byggynge
inge, p.)

Beeme

of webstanys lome.
gladde.

Li-

Edificacio, stnictura,

ciatorium, cath.

Belle. Camj^ana. Bellevenesse, or feythe. Fides. Bellfray. Cam.panarinin, uo. Belt. Venter, alvus, uterus. Bellyn, or lowyn as nette (roMugio. lyn, p.)i Bellyxge, of roiynge of bestys
(bellinge
gitus.

Be mery and
letor, jocor.

Jocundor,

Benche.

Scamnum.
of

Bexdyxge
lyke.

bowys,

or

o])er

Tencio.

Bende bowys.

Tendo, cath.

of

nete,

p.)

Mu-

or made fayre (belched, Venustus, decoratus. Belchyn, or make fayre. De-

Belschyd,
p.)

BEEN,or tohaue beynge (be or haue be, p.) Sum, existo, subsisto. Been abowte yu bysynes, as wyvys and meii yu occupacyon (or ben

Been abowtyn,

coro, venusto.

Belshykge

(belchinge, p.)

Ve-

Satago. or be abowte-warde (be abowte or am abowte, p.) Nitor, conor.

besy, p.)
wyllfully.

nustacio, decoracio.

Been a-knowe
Jiteor.

Con-

Belsyre, or belfather, faders or moders fader. Avus, cath. (Belt, or ax. v? Securis.) Belte, or gyrdylle. Zona.

Be a-knowe

a-geyne "^^Tlle, or be coustreynynge. Fateor. (ConJiteor sponte, fateor mea facta

coacte, p.)

Belowe

(belows, p.)

Follis.
c.f.

Belwedyr, shepe. Titurus, Bellejtare (belle^eter, k.

Be-lytylle and
tirn,

Been

a-qweyntyd

or

knowyn

bell-

yatere, p.)^ Campanarius, cath.

lytylle.

Para-

jiaulisper, paulatim.

Beeme, Beeme,
K.)

Trahs. or balke, supra. or (of p.) ly^hte (ly^the,

Noscor. Been a-schamyde. Eruleo, jmdeo. Been ydylle. Vaco. Bene corne (been, p.) Faha. (Beneday, p.4 Frecare.)
(aqueynt, p.)

Radius.
lygthte.

Beme
'

Radio.

Benefyce. Beneficium. Benefyjyd. Beneficiatus. Benett, ordyr.5 Exorcista.

" Cheueranx cheyrist et tor torreye, kide motereth, bole belleth." g. de bibelesw. " de natnrele noyse des hestes.'''' This word is retained in the dialeet of Shropshire, and See Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua, and in Soraerset to ])elg has the same sense.
A.S. bellan, hoare. Jenning's Glossary. ^ This word appears of ratlier questionable introduction the printed editions in which It is not found in the MSS. it appears omit the next word belte, or gyrdylle. ^ Campunarius is explained in the Catholicon to be a bell-founder. See hereafter 3ETYN metel, jetynge of metelle as belIys,/aio. A.S. geotore, /?or. * A. Sax. bene, precatio, daj, dies. The word seems synonymous with A. Sax. bentiid, rogationum dies, by which name the three days preceding Ascension Day were
:

known.

" Exorcista, id

est

lesser orders in the Christian

adjurator vel increpator, a benette or a conjurer." ort. The Church were four, Ostiarius, Lector, Exorcista, Acolythus.

The

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORU.M.
Benett, propyr
dictus.

31

name.

Bene-

Benethyn
Bengere
Techa.

(benethe, p.) Inferhis.

k. benewith tre, p.)^
p.)2

(Benwyttre,

(or bere awey, p.) Asporto, aufero. Bere downe, or presse downe. Comprimo, deprimo.

Beryn a-way

of corne (bengge,

Beere downe vndyr

pedito.

J)e

fote.

Suhto

Bengere

of a mylle (bengge, p.) Ferricapsia, dicc. Bepyr, or bewpyr (beawjDere, p.) Pulcher pater.
Particulariter.,

Bere downe,
grownde.

or caste

downe

Sterrio, prosterno.

Bere

companye,

Be-plotmele.3
partitive.

Be-qwethyn,

or

qwethyn

yn

Bere Bere owte. Effero. Bere parte, or be

Particijyo,

fellyschyppe (felaweshepe or Associo. p.) yn. Infero.

partenere.

testament. Lego. Bere, a drynke. Hummulina, vel humrnuli potus, aut cervisia

cath,

Bere wytnesse. Testificor. Berberyn tre, supra in barbaryn

tre.

hummulina (^berziza, p.) Bere, or beryn. Porto,

fero.

gero,

Beerde

(berde,

p.)

Parba, ge-

nobardum, cath.

funetions of the third extended to the expulsion of evil spirits by the imposition of hands upon persons possessed, reeently baptized, and catechumens. The ceremony was always accompanied with aspersion, and the name benett was doubtless taken from the aqua henedicta, eaa lenite, or, perhaps, from the vessel called in French beuitier, which contained the holy-water. In a will dated 1449 is a bequest of "a gret holy-water scoppe of silver, with a statf benature, the sayd benature and statf weying xx noliles in plate." The staff benature was the asperso7-ium, termed in the Promptorium strenkyl halywater styc. Fox, relating the death of Hooper, states that it was part of the ceremony of degrading Bishops to " take from them the lowest vesture whieh they had in taking bennet and eollet" (i. e. acolyte). Eccles. Hist. iii. 152, A.D. 1555. T. Becon, in the Keliques of Rome, says, " Bonifaee V. decreed that sueh as were but benet and colet should not touch the reliques of saints, but they only which are subdeacons, deacons, and priests." Edit. 1563, f. 183. This appears to be the wood-bine, whieh in Swedish is called beenwed. Linn. Flor. Suec. Verelius explains the Icelandic heimoid to be ossea pericliniinis species, a bony kind of honeysuckle, beimvid signifying bone-wood. Ivy is in the North called bindwood. See Jamieson. ^ See BYNGGER and byn(JE, iheca, cumera, A.S. bin. In Norfolk and Suffolk still pronounced bing, as in Danish, bing, cumulus. forby. * This is one of the number of words in which the A.S. Mael, ^jcim, occurs in composition. The A.S. form of these adverbs is mselum, in parts, bit-niselum, dael-maelum, &c. We have retained piecemeal, but the rest are wholly obsolete. See in Nares, drop-meal, ineh-meal, and limb-meal. P. Ploughman uses pounde-mele and percelIn tbe Liber Festivalis we read that William Tracy, after the murder of St. mele. Thomas of Canterbury, " fylle syke and roted all his body, in somoche that himselfe with his owne hondes cast away his owne flesshe lompe-mele." Palsgrave gives " by ynche-meale, laeiinehual, par poidcees, and flock-meale, juftj- troupeou.x.'''
'

The

" Only that point his peple bare so sore That flockmel on a day to hini they went." chauc. CIerke's T.

32

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Berde, or brynke of a wesselle, Margo. or otlier Ijke. Berdyd. Barbatus.

Berynge a-way.
lacio.

Asportacio, ab-

Berynge
(Beringe
CATH.)

yn.

Illacio.
p.*

Bercel
Bere,

(berseel, p.)

Meta.^

lepe,

Canistra,

beste.

Ursus.

Beere

of (for p.) dede

men.

Fe-

retrum, libitina, loculus. Bereynyd, or wete wyth rayne. Complutus, UG. in pluo.

Berkar, as a dogge. Latrator. Berkyn. Latro, baffo, baulo. Berkynge. Latratiis.

Berme

of

ale

or

otber

lyke.

Berewarde.2 Bery, frute.

c. F.

Ursarius.

Morum,
stone.^

cath.
Beril-

Beryl, precyous
lus.

Spuma, CATH. Bermyn, or spurgyn as ale, Spumo. other lyke.^ Barnakylle, byrde (bernack,
bernak,
p.)^

or k.

Barnacus,

bai--

Beryxge.
'

Portagiura, latura.

nita, barnites, c. f.

See hereafter but, or bereel. " Bearwarde, gardeur cVours.^'' palsg. A eurious representation of the bear-ward, and baiting the bear, oecurs in the Louterel Psalter, illuminated in the early part of the In the It has been engraved in Vetust. Monum. VI. pl. xxiv. reign of Edw. III. Household Book of the Earl of Northumberland in 1511, under the head of Rewards, " 6s. 8rf. to the Kyngs or Queenes Barward, if they have one," when they is one of come to the Earl, Ant. Rep. iv. p. 253. The Earl had also in his own family an oiBcial Shakespeare uses tlie word, and also of the same kind, whose reward was 20. bearard or bear-yerd, wliich are synonymous. 3 Beryl is used by Chaueer and the authors of the XlVth and XVth centuries to denote the precious stone so called, and also a finer description of crystal glass, which resembled it in transparency or colour. This distinction is not preserved here ; but it Beryll, a precious stone, berU." "Berall, fyne glass, heril. is made by Palsgrave : Elyot renders " Glessum, crystal or berj'lle." See Whitaker's Cathedral of St. Germains,
'
ii.

280.
*
;

One of the MSS. of the Medulla renders sjwrta, a berynge lep in the Ortus, it The word is perhaps synonymous with barlyexplained as a bere lepe, or basket. LEPE, to kepe yn corne, which occurs above, and in the printed editions is spelled
is

BARLEP. A. S. bere, hordeum, leap, corbis. * A. S. beorma, fermentum. See hereafter sporgyn, taken from the French, espurger. ^ Alexander Neccham, who died in 1227, gives in his treatise de nataris rerum, a curious account " de ave que vitlr/o dicitur bernekke," which grew, as he asserts, from wood Roy. MS. 12 G. XI. f. 31. The steeped in the sea, or trees growing on the shores. marvellous tales respecting this bird, wlaich has been supposed to be the chenalopeces, mentioned by Pliny as a native of Britain, are to be found in length in Gesner, Olaus Magnus, and many ancient writers. Giraldus gives in his Topographia Hibernise, c. xi. a detailed account " de hernacis ex ahiete nascentihus,^^ as a phenomenon of which he had been an eye-witness on the Irish shores, and states that these birds were, on account of This indulgence, of which the propriety their half-tishy extraction, eaten during Lent. was argued by Michael Meyer in his treatise de volucri arlorea, was sanctioned by the authority of the Sorbonne. It is scarcely needful to observe that the origin of these strange statements is to be found in the multivalve shell-15sh, the lepas anatifera., which " Ciconia, i. ibis, a berattaches itself to submerged vs'ood, or the bottom of ships.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

38

Bernak
Berne

for horse (bemakill, r-.y

Chamus, cath.
of
lathe
(or
lathe,
p.)2

or wo (in hard plyt set, k. withholden in harde plyte or nede, p.)

Detentus.

Horreum, c. f. Berwiiam, horsys colere

(beru-

ham

for hors, p.)^

JF^phiphiiim,

Berstayle (bestali, k. bestayle, Armentum, cath. (p.)5 Beste (beest, p.) Bestia, pecus,
a n im a l, jumentrim.

epijium, cath. vel collare equi.

Berwe, or schadewe (berowe

shadowe, wnbra.
p.)*

or

Beestely, or lyke a beste

p.)

(bestly,

Umbraculum,
mna,

Bestialis.

Bestylynesse
Talentum,
c. f.

(bestlynesse,

p.)

Besaunte.
dragma, UG.

Bestialitas.

Besme

or

besowme
alle

(besym, p.)

Bestylywy'se, Bestialiter. Be stylle, and not speke. Taceo,

sileo,

Scopa, Beste, or
K.)

c. F.

obmutesco.

the beste (aldyrbest, Optimus.

Beestnynge, mylke (bestnynge, Collustrum, c. f. kylw. K. p.)6

UG. in colo.

Bestad, or wythe-holdyn yn wele

nacle, a inyrdrummj'll or a buture." ort. toc.

"

barnak." med. gramm.

Junius
ac,

derives the

name from

the fabulous origin of the bird, A. S. bearn, filius, and

See Claik, in Jamieson, and larnache in Menage. est quoddam genus freni, vel capistntm, an halter or bernacle." ort. voc. Junius derives the word from the French berner, comprimere peiula.ntiam ; and RoqueTho fort mentions a kind of torture practised by the Saracens, termed lernicles. Wicliffite version renders 2 Kings, xix. 28, " y schal putte a sercle in )>i nose J>irlis, and a bernacle in Vi lippis." Cott. MS. Claud. E. ii. * Berne is the contraction of A. S. bere, hordeum, and ern, loctcs. Lathe, which does not occur in its proper place in the Promptorium, is possibly a word of Danish introduction into the eastern counties, Lade, horreum, dan. Skinner observes that it waa very commonly used in Lincolnshire. It occurs in Chaucer
quercm.
'

" Chamus

"

Why

ne hadst thou put the capell

in the lathe."

Reves Tale.

" Granarium, " Horreum, locus uli reponitur annona, a barne, a lathe."' ort. voc. " A lathe, apotheca, horreum.'" cath. angl. lathe." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVIL ^ " Bargheame, epiphium.^'' cath. angl. This word is still retained iii the North of see Barkhaam in Brockett'3 Glossary, Barkham, Craven dialect, Brauchin, England Cumberland, Brechame, Jamieson. It occurs in the curious marginal gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220, f, 302.
;

" Les

coics

Coleres de quyr,
*
*

de chiuaus portunt esteles, et bourle hoceles."

hames (hamberwes, MS.

beruhames.

Phill.)

A.S. bearw, berwe, nemus.

the word is doubtless of the Harl. MS. seems here to be erroneous adopted from the French, lestail, cattle. " Colostrxm, novum lac guod siatim primo * " Bestynge, colusti-um." cath. angl. Colustrum, beestynge or mulgetur post fetum, quod cito coagulatur, beestnynge. ruddys." ORT. voc. A.S. beost, bysting, coluslrum.

The reading

CAMD. SOC.

34

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Betayne, herbe (batany, or betony, F.y

Betys

Betonica.

Betakyis' a thjnge to anothere. Co77imitto, commendo. Bete, or Betune^propvr name (Betiyse, K.)

Beta vel bleta. herbe. Betony^e supra in Betayne. Betrayyn'. Prodo, cath. trado. (Beuer, drinkinge tyme, p.^ Biberrium.)

Beatiix.
Cogito,
recogito,

Beuekeche, drynke (beueriche,

p.)

Bethyxkyn'.
meditor.

Hibria, biberia, KYhV,\{bibina, p.) Bevyr, beste.3 Bever, c. f. castor, fiber.

Betyden', or happeu'.
evenit.

Accidit,

Malleus, malleolus, ug. Verbero, cedo. Betyn', or bete. BETYN',or smytyn'. Percucio,ferio. Verberacio, verber. Bety^nge. Betynge (instrument, p.) /-

Betylle.

Be ware, Caveo, cath. precaveo. Be woode, or madde.'* Furio,

insanio.

Be wone, or vsyd (wonte,p.) Soleo. Bewrayer of counsel. Recelator,

Et cath. in celo. nota alia infra in Lable. Bewrethyn', or wreyyn' (bewreyen,p.) Prodo, recelo, revelo
recelatrix,

stmmentum, vei-beraculum, ug. Bettyr. Melior. Bettyr. Melius, adv.

'

See a curious account of the virtues attributed to betony in the XYth century, Roy. Horman 18 A. VI. f. 68, where it is said to be " also clepyd byschuppyswort." The observes that " nesynge is caused with byten (betonica) thrust in the nostril." powdered root of heliebore was another houiely sternutatory anciently much in request. - " Merendv.la, a beuer after none. Merenda, comestio in meridie vel cihus qui Harrison. in his description of England, prefixed to declinante die sv.mitur." ORT. Holinshed's Chronicles, i. 170, remarks that " of old we had breakefastes in the forenoone, beuerages or nuntions after dinner, and thereto reare suppers, generallie when but nowe it was time to go to rest, a toie brought into England by hardie Canutus those are very well past, and ech one, exeept some yoong hungrie stomach that cannot higher classes, The fast till dinner time, contenteth himself with dinner and supper." This was he observes, dine at 11 and sup at 5, merchants seldom Ijefore 12 and 6. Sherwood renders, " Bever, or drinking, un. reciner, collation, written about 1579. gouster. To bever, reciner;" and Cotgrave explains un reci ner a.s " an afternoones nuncheon, or collation, an Aunders-meat." See hereafter nunmete, which seems to have been mucli the same as the intermediate refection here called beuer. The worJ bever still signifies in Suffolk an afternoon snack. moore. ' A.S. beofer, castor. That the beaver was anciently an inhabitant of these islands, the laws of Howel Dha, and the curious descriptiun of its habits given by Giraldus, in The fur of this animal was in his Itinerary of Wales, 1. ii. c. 3, satisfactorily prove. Piers Ploughman says, estimation from an early period.

MS.

" And

With

yet vnder that cope, a cote liath he furred foyns, or with fichewes, or with fyn beuere,"

'' Me fyndeth furres of beuers, of lombes, pylches of hares and of conyes, On treuue fourrwes d^escurieus," &c. caxton, Boke for Travellers. The beuer hat is mentioned by Chaucer as a part of female attire, and by Hall as woni by the Stradiote light horsemen

jn 1513.
^

See

WOODE

or

madde.

A.S. wod, furiosvf.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

35
p.)

Be wrothe. Irascor. Be wrathe yn valewe (be

p.)

(commaundinge,
wortlie,

Manda-

Valeo, CATH.

Bewte

(beawtye,

p.)

Decor,

species, pulchritudo.

By and by. Si(jillatim.^ By thy selfe (by the selfe,

Seorsum.

p.)

Byare. Emptor, institor, cath. Byble, or bybulle. Biblia. Byce, coloure.Byddyn', or comawndyn'. Mando,
precipio, hortor, exortor.

tum, preceptum, imppr'um. BYDDYNGE,or prayuge. Oracio, deprecacio, exoracio, supplicacio. Bye, or boye.'* Bostio, ug. Byggyn', or byldyn'.^ Edifico. BYGGYNOE,or besldynge (byldinge, Edijicacio, structura. p.) (Byggynge, or thyng that is byggyd, h. Edijicium.)

Bycche, hownde or bylke (bycke,

p.)

Licista,

comm.
(bikyr,
p.)^

Byker, cuppe

Cim-

Byddyn' bedys, or
(bydde or pray.

seyn' prayers

p.)^

Oro.

bium, coMM. BiKYRof fytynge (bykere or feightinge,

P.)'''

Byddynge,
'

or

commawndement

Pvgna.

sigillatim, fro seel to seel." Harl. MS. 2257. Palsgrave renders byce by azur : the word is, however, probably taken from the In somc Freneh couleur hise, which properly means a brownish or blaekish hue. curious instructions respecting tlie production of fine azure from lapis lasuli, it is distinguisli this last " from lapis almaine of wliiche nien maken a observed tliat, to blewe-bis azure,'' they should be exposed to fire, in which the inferior material turns rather black, and becomes " brokel." Sloan. MS. 73, f. 215, b. Probably b_yce, or rather blue byce, as it was in ancient times usually termcd, was a preparation of zaffre, of a dim and brownish cast of colour, in comparison with tlie brilliancy of the true azure. ' A.S. biddan, orare. In the Book of Curtasye, the young child, on coming to charch, is tbus admonished,
^

The Medulla renders "

" Rede, or synge, or byd prayeris To Crist for ali thy Cristen ferys." Sloane
*

MS. 1986,

f.

22 b.

" Bosfio, an oxe dryver." ORT. Compare bey or boy, scurrxis. * " To hyge, fundare, coiidere, edificare. A hygynge, construccio, stnccttira. Bygynge \ndyT erthe, sutterrayieus." cath. angl. A. S. hyggsin, cedijicare. See Big, in Boucher'8 Glossary, and Jamieson. * What was the precise kind of cup called byker, or beaker, it is not easy to determine. This word occurs as early as 1348, in the accounts of the Treasurer of Edward, Prince of Wales " li magne pecie argenti, vocate Bikers, emellate in fundo, cum cooIn this instance they were destined to perctdis cum batellis, et ex rmd parte deaiiratis." Becher in German (Beltz, Memor. of the Garter, p. 385.) be presented to ladies, possibly we derived signifies a cup or goblet, as does beker in Dutch and Teutoiiic Of the vessel to which the name was originally given from Flanders or Germany.
;
;

In the later Latinity bacar, bacckarium, cognate derivation is the Italian hicchiero. have the same meaning see Ducange. The common root of thesc words was perhaps the Greek /3(xof, vas habens ansas. menage. " Anon ' " Beckeryng, scrimysshe, meslee. Bicker, iyghtyng, escarmoioche." PALSG. after the fylde began to beker." horm. Skinner suggests the Welsh bicre, conjlictus, as the etymon of this word, which, however, he inclines to thirik bf Anglo-Saxon origin.
;

36

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Bekeryn', or fjgtityn' (bikkeringe, p.) Pugiw, diinico. Bylle of a byrde. Rostnim.

Byndyn' wythe comawnt* ture (comavndement,

or scripk.

cum-

Bylle

of (or, p.) aniattoke. Ligo,

marra.

Byle, sore. Pustula, ug. Byllerne, 'watyr herbe.^ Berula,

C, F.

naunt, h. couenaunt, p.) Ohligo. Byndynge, lyste of a sore iyme. Fasciola, kylw. ug. Bynd^^nge. Ligacio.

Byngger, supra

in

Bengere.

Byyn
Tedula, cath.
(bille, k.)2

Bylet, schyde. Bylet, scrowe

tricula,

Ma-

Emo, mercor, a thynge. comparo. Byyn' a-jen' (ageyne, p.) Redimo.

Byynge.
Empcio.
a-^en (ageyne, p.)

cath. {billa, k.) Bollyn', or jowyn' wythe tlie bylle as byrdys (byllen or iobbyn as bryddys, k. iobbyn with the byl,
H. p.)3

Byynge
demcio.

Re-

Byynge

place, or place of byynge.

Rostro.

Byllyn' wythe mattokys.

nizo, marro, cath.

Ligo-

Emptorium, c. f. Bynge.5 Theca, cumera. Bypathe. Semita, orhita,

c. f.

callis,

Byllynge Byllynge
nizacio,

of byrdys.

Bostratus.

trames, ug.
tre.

Ligoof mattokys. marratura. Bynde, or wode bynde. Corrigiola, vitella, cath. (edera volubilis,
K.)

Byrche
CATH.

Lentiscus,

cinus,

Byrdune
Byryn'

(byrdeyne, p.)
(beryyn,
h.)

PonSepelio,

dus, onus, sarcina.

Bynde, a twyste of a wyne (vyne,

p.)

Capriolus,

c. f.

Byndyn' wythe bondys. Ligo,

ligo, vincio.

(d-

humo, funero. Byryto', or grauyn', or hydde vndur tlie grownde. Humo, sepelio, UG.

' The curious treatise of the nature and properties of herbs, Roy. MS. A. VI. f. 69, b. gives " BiUura, an lierbe that me clepyth billure ; he ys much wcrth to rype boceh." Elyot explains lav.er to be " an herbe growyng in the water, lyke to alisaunder, but hauyng lesse leaues. Some do call it bylders." * The Catholicon explains matricula to signify carta promissionis, and cites the life of St. Silvester, which says that he inscribed the names of widows and orphans " in matriculd."' Spelman gives A.S. hille, schedvJa ; tlie word bylet was, however, probably of French introduction, as also was scrowe or scroU, escroii. ^ To job signifies still in Norfolk and Suffolk to peck with a sharp and strong beak. FORBY. Tusser calls the pecking of turkies jobbing. * The word is thus written, but the correct reading probably is comnawnt. See hereafter cum.nawnte, pactum, * Forby gives bing in the dialect of East Anglia, Danish, bing, cumulus. A.S. bin, prasepe. The word bi/ina occurs in a deed of the year 1263, in Chron. W. Thorn,

1912, where
*'

it signifies a receptacle for grain. Cumera is explained by Uguitio to be frumentarium de festucis,''^ and no doubt the bin was anciently formed of wickerwork, as in German benne crates, Belg. benn, corhis. In the Indenture of delivery of Berwick Castle, in 1539, occurs " in the pantre, a large bynge of okyn tymbar with 3

vas

partitiona." Archseol. xi. 440.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

37
(bityl

BvRYYDE

(biryed, p.)

Sepultus,

Bytylle worme
Buhoscus. Bytyn', or byte.

wyrme,

k.)

tumulatus.

Beryynge
Byryele

(biryinge, p.)
(berycl,
h.

Sepulp.)i

tura, tumula.
biriell,

Bytynge.

Sepulchrum, tumulus.

Bytynge Mordax.

Mordeo. Morsura. or grevows fretynge.

Byrthe. Hativitas, partus. Byschelle, or buschelle (bysshell

otherwyse called bnsshell, p.) Modius, chorus, bussellus. Bysshoppe (byschop or buschop, H.) Episcopus, antistes, poiitifex, presul.

Byttyr. Amarus. Byttyrnesse. Amaritudo. Byttyrswete.2 Amarimellus, musceum, kylw. (BY31NG supra in byinge, h. Bysinge, p. Emptio.) Blabbe or labbe, wreyare of cownselle

Byschypryche (bysshoperike,
Episcopatus, diocesis. Bysy (besy, p.) Assiduus,
licitus, jugis.

p.)

(bewreyar, h. p.)' anuhicus, cath.

Futilis,

so-

Blaberyn, or speke wythe-owte

resone (with owtyn, k. oute of, Blatero, cath. p.) Blade. Scindula. Blade of an herbe (blad or blade,
p.)

Bysyly. Assidue, jugiter. Bysynesse. Assiduitas, diligencia,

solicitudo, opera, cath.

Byscute

brede

(bysqwyte,

h.

Tirsus, c. F.

bysket, p.)
K.)
H.)
Sop)io,

Biscoctus.

Bladyn'

Bysjyn' chyldur (bissyn chyldryn,

nemor,
c. f.

lallo, UG.

Byssynge

of chykiyrne (bys^ing,

(bladen heftis, Scindulo. Bladyn' herbys, or take away the bladys. Detirso, cath.
haftys
k. h. p.)

Sejncio,

Byssynge songys
Fascinnina,
c. f.

(bysjing,

h.)

Bladsmythe. Scindifaber. Blaffoorde or warlare (bladfard, H. blaffere, p.)*

nenia, cath.

Traulus.

Bytt of a brydylle. Lupatum, c. f. Bytt or bytynge (byte, p.) Morsus.

'

(Traulus peccat in R, peccat

in

sidunus, p.)

tnore ancient sense of this word, as denoting the place, and not the act of interhere distinctly preserved. A.S. byrigels, se^mlchrum. In the WicIifBte " And the kyng seide, what is this biriel which version biriel occurs often in this sense. I se ? And the citeseyns of tliat cite answeriden to hini, it is the sepulcre of the man of God that cam fro Juda." IVth Book of Kings, xxiii. 17 Harl. MS. 2249. In Mark v. 5, the demoniac is said to have "hadde an hous in birielis." So likewise in Leg. Aur. " It happed after, that vpon the buryels grewe a ryght fayre flouredelyse." f. cxi. Tho Latin-English Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 145, gives " Mausoleum, a byryelle, anahati~uhi, a chyrchestyle." * The Solanum dulcamara, or woody nightshade. ^ See hereafter lable, or labbe, whicli occurs in Chaucer. This word is doubtless derived from the same source as blabbe and blaberyn. Skinner would derive the verb to blabber from the Latin, " q. d. elahiare, i. e. lahiis quicquid occurrit effuiire." Compare teut. blapperen, garrire, belg. lapperen, blaterare. * This word signifies a person who stammers, or has any defect in his speech. The

The

ment,

is

38

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Blasynge, or flamynge of Flammacio.
fyre.

Blak. Ntger, ater. Blakenesse. Nigredo.

Blakyn', or make blake. Denigro,
ritupero, iiicrejyo.

Blake thorne.
Blame.
rium.

{Prunus, p.)
noxa,
vitvpe-

Culpa,
p.

Blasynge of aimys. Descripcio. Blaste of wynde. Flatus. Blanke phimbe (blavmbhimbe, K. H. blawmbhimb, otherwyse
called

whyte

lede, p.)^

Albian
or
o]7er

(Blamen,
crepo.)

Culpo, vitupero, in-

p)lumhum.

Blanchyn'
decortico.

almandys,
p.)

Blameworthy. Culpabilis. Vituperium. Blamynge.

Blankett, Yollon clothe.' Lodix. Blankett, lawngelle. Langellus. Blasfemare. Blasphemator. Blasfemyn'. Blasfei7io. Blasfemynge. Blasphemia.
Blasyn', as lowe of fyre (as doth
the leme of a fyre, p.)
scribo.

lyke (blaunchyn,

Dealbo,

Blanchynge
lyke.
K.)3

of almondys or other Dealbacio, decorticacio.

friite

Blawndrelle,

(blaunderel,

Melonis, c. f. Sanguino, cruento. Bledyn'. Sanguinacio, fleoBledynge.

botomia.

Blasyn', or dyscry armys.

Flammo. De-

Bledynge
CATH.

boyste.4' Yentosa,

guna,

It appears in Ducange that lalhus and llesus are Ortus renders " travlus, a ratelare." synonymous with travlvs ; the first of these is reiidered in Cooper's Thesaurus, one " that cannot well pronounce words, a mafHer in tlie mouth." Blanket is taken from the French blanchH, woollen cloth, no doubt of a white
'

the distinction here made is not very elear, but lodix appears to have been a colour bed-covering, as we now use the word blanket, langellvs, blanket cloth generally. " Langeul, langnis, Uanchet, drap de laine.^'' roquef. The Medulla explains lodex to be " a blanchet or a whytil ;" the latter word, which is merely a version of the French, is still retained in North Britain to denote a woollen wrapper used by females." " Lodix, qtiicquid in lecto siqyponitur, et pro^n-ie jpaiUius villosus, Anglice, a blanket.''
;

See hereafter daggysweyne, lodix. ORT. voc. ^ In Sloan. MS. 73, f. 213, are directions for making blanc plumb, alburn jylumbum, " strong reed wine drestis, and brode platis of nevve leed, in a great erthen pot or with This MS. is of the close of barel, and closed for six wokis or more in hoot horsdunge." an earlier receipt occurs in Sloaii. JNIS. 25S4:, f. 6. the XVth century ' Lydgate mentions this among the fruits more choice than " pechis, costardes,
;

etiain

wardons."

" Pipus,

And
" Blaundrell, an apple,

quinces, blaunderelle to disport, the pome-cedre corageos to recomfort.

brandureau.''''

Minor Poems,

p. 15.

palsg. " BlanduTnau, tres blanc ; pommes de " Blandureau, the white apple, Caleville blanc, qni venoient d' Auvergne.'''' roquef. called in some parts of England a blaundrell." cotgr. * The Catholicon gives " Guna vel guina, vas vitreum the following explanation quod el Latinis a similitudine cucurhitcc ventosa vocatur, qv.ce animata spiritu per igniculvm in. superficiem trahit sanguinem.'''' papias ; see Ducange. The operation of cupping, which is one of ancient use, was doubtless well known to the Friar of Lynn,
:

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

89

Bledynge
c. F.

yryn.

Fleosotomium,

{Jleohothomium, p.)

Bleddyr. Vesica. Bledderyd. Vesicatus.

Blemschynge. Obfuscacto. Blere yed (blere iyed, p.yLippus. Blerydnesse (blere iyednesse,
p.)

Lippitudo.
or

Bleyke

of

coloure.i

Palltdus,

Blerynge
mowthe.

mowynge wythe
Valgia.

the

subalbus.

Bleykclo})E, or qwysters (blechen clotlie, k. p. blekyD, h.)^ Candido.

Blerynge wythe mowe makynge.^

Blese
Patento, valgio. or flame of fyre (blase or

Bleystare, or wytstare
K. bleyestare

(bleyster,
h.

or qwytstare,

p.)3 or whytster, Candidarius, cath. c. f. Bleyne. Papula, cath. et ug. in popa.

bleykester

lowe, p.) Flammella. Bleschyn', or qwenchyn' (blesshyn, p.) Extinguo.

Bleschynge, or qwenchynge of
fyre

(blensshinge,

p.)

Ex-

tinctio.

Bleke (blecke, p.)^ Atramentum. Blekkyn w)'the bleke (blackyn

with blecke,
p.)

Bletyn', as a schepe.

Balo.

Bletynge

Atramento.
p.)

(Blextere,
fuscatus.

k.

Ohfuscator.)

of a schepe. Balatus. Blevyn, or levyn aftyrwarde (blevyn or abydyn, k. p.) Bemaneo,

restat.

Blemschyde (blemysshed,
Blenschyn' (blemysshen,
fuSCO, CATH.

ObOb-

Blevynge, or
p.)

releve, or relefe (or

levynge or

relef, k.)7

Reliquia,

vel reliquice.

who compiled
monastic

the Proinptorium, as one of the means resorted to when, according to the there were at stated seasons {tem^Jorilius minucionis) general blood-lettings. See Martene de Antiq. Ritibus, and Mr. Roke\vode's note on Chron. Joc. de Brakelonda, p. 11, In the Chirurgica of John Arderne, surgeon to Edw. III. where he speaks of cupping, " veniosacio,'''' a representation is given of the bledynge boyste. Sloane MS. 65, f. 70. Compare the verb bovston. *' ' Bleke, wan of colour, blesme." palsg. A.S. blaec, paUidus.
institutions,

" Some one,

for she is pale

and bleche." gower, Conf. Am. B.

v.

Bleek is still used in Norfolk to signify pale and sickly. forby. ' Teut. bleycken, excandefacere insotando. A.S. ablsecan, dealhare. ^ The Latin-English Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1587, renders " Albatrix, candidaria, " Whitstarre, hlanchisseur de toylles.'''' palsg. blecherre or lawnderre." See whytSTARE. * Horman says, " Wrytters ynke shulde be fyner than blatche, atramentum scriptonum, " Bleche for souters, attrament noyr." Palsg. lectius esset sutorio." A.S. blsc,

atrummtum.
* " Lippus dicitur qui kahet oculos lachrymantes cum palpehris euersatis, blered of the In Piers Ploughman the verb to blere occurs, used metaphorically. eye." ort. voc. " He blessede hem with his buUes, and blerede hure eye." " To bleare ones eye, begyle him, enguigner." palsg. * " I gyue him the best counsayle I can, and the knaue bleareth his tonge at me,

tirer la
"^

langue." palsg. See mowe, or skorne. See RELEEP, or brocaly of mete.

40
Bleyly, or gladely

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(blythely, p,)

Bloo
c. F.

coloui'e.

Lividus, luridus,

Libenter, sponte, spontanee.

Blyxde.

Cecus.
(blyndfellyd,
h.)

Blyndefylde
^Excecatiis.

Blo erye (blo erthe, p.)^ Argilla. BurbuBlobure (blobyr, p.)"'

lium, UG. burbalium, c. F.

Blyndyn', or make blynde. Exceco. Blysdfellen', idem est. Blyndnesse. Cecitas.

Blode, Blody.

Bloode hownde.

Sanguis, cruor. Molosus, Sanguinolentus.

c. F,

Blynnyn,

or cesun, or leve-warke.^

Desisto, cesso.

Blysse. Beatitudo, gaudium. Blyssyd, hevynly. Beatus. Blessyd, erthely. Benedictus,

felix.

Bloode yryn, supra in bledYNGE YRYN. Bloode latare. Fleolotomator,

C. F,

Bloke

stoke (blooc, or Truncus, codex, cath.

flowre,

h.)'*

Blyssyn', or blesse.

Benedico.
hillaris.

Blome

Flos.
P.)

Blessynge. Benedictio. Blythe and mery. Letus,

Blyji, or gladde, or

Blomyn', or blosmyn' (blosym,

Floreo, fioresco. Blonesse. Livor.

make glad

(blyym or glathyn in herte, k. bUthen or gladden, p.) Letifico. Blythyn', or welle-cheryn'. Exhillero.
*

Bloryyn' or wepyn'
Ploro, fieo.

(bleren,

p.)^

Bloryynoe
p.)

or

wepynge

(bloringe,

Ploratus,fietus.

the Pricke of Conscience, terms the day of final doora " the day of salle blyne." Harl. MS. 6923. Fabyan, in the Prologe to vol. ii. speaks of the great devotion that occupied, without any intermission, the numerous religious houses in London,

Hampole,

in

sorowe that neuer

" When one hath done, another begyn,

So that
of prayer they

neuer blyn."

" To blynne, rest or cease of, cesser. He neuer a bysshoppe to his kin." palsg. A.S. blinnan,
' is,

felt

wo

or neuer sall blynne, that hath

cessare.
;

The reading of the Harl. MS. erye may at first sight appear to be corrupt it however, retained, because hereafter there occur erye, or erthe, and eryyn, or of
This word occurs in Chaucer, Test. of Creseide,

the erthe.
^

"
" Blober

And

at his

mouth a blubber
bouteillis.''

stode of fome."

The verb to blubre occurs in an " The borne blubred analogous sense, in Syr Gawayn lin. 2174. ther inne as hit boyled hade." Blubber still signifies in Norfolk a bubble, from blob, See Bleb in Skinner, and Jamieson. as Forby says, * " Blocke of a tree, troncliet, tronc. Blocke of tynne, saum.on crestain.''^ palsg. * Skinner gives blare as an English word, from Belg. blaren, mnffire. Teut. blerren, clamitare. It is retained in the dialect of Norfolk, as applied to calves, sheep, asses, and children. forby. Blore signifies a roaring wind, as in the Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 838, " hurried headlong with the south-west blore."
upon water
(or bubble)

palsg. and the Grene Knyjt,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Blosme, or blossum. F7'otis. Blosmynge, or blossummynge.
Frondositas.

41
Collafizacio.

BoBETYNOE. Booc or boos,

netystalle (boce, k.

bose, netis stall, h. p.)- Boscar,

Blotte vpon a boke. Oblitum^ c.f. Blottyn' bokys. Ohlitero. Blottynge. OblitteraciQ, (Blottyd, p. Oblitteratus.) Blowyn' as wynde. Flo. Blowyn' wythe horne. Corno,
c.F. cornicino,

cath. bucetum, pj'esepe. or boos of a booke or oj)er lyke (booce, h.) Turgiolwn, ug. Bocyn' owte or strowtyn'.^ Tur-

BocE

geo, c. F. UG.

BocY^NGE or strowtynge.

Turgor.

kylav.

Blow'n as a man wythe honde (blowen with sounde, p.) Fxsufflo, sufflo (insufflo, P.)

BocHERE. Carnifex, macellurius. cath. BocHERYE. Macellum,

carnificina.

BocLE
Flacio,

Bloynge (blowynge,
jlatus.

p.)

Blewe
tus,

of coloure.

Blodius, blue-

or boculle (bocul, k. h. bokyll or bocle, p.) Fluscu/a, DICC. KYLW. BocLYD as shone or botys (bokeled, p.)

DICC.
or blunt warkere (wor-

Phisculatus.

Blunderer
ker, p.)

BoDE

or

massage

(boode,

h.)*

Hehefactor, hehejicus. Blunderynge, or bhuit warkynge.

Hebefaccio. Blunes.se, supra in blonesse.

N^unciuni.

Blunt Blunt

of wytte. of edge,

Hebes.

and bhiternesse
quere post in

BoDY, Corpus. BoDYLY. Corporaliter. BoDYLY. Corporalis. BoFFETE. Alapa. Buffetyn', or suffetyn'^
p.)

(bofeten,

(bluntnesse,

p.)

DUL and DULNESSE. Bobet.^ Collafa, collafus, cath. Collaphizo. Bobettyn'.

'

Alapizo, alapo, cath. Bofetynge. Alapizacio. Bofet, thre fotyd stole (boffet
stole, p.)^

Tripes.

is

" Bobet on the heed, coup de poing.'''' palsg. In the Midland and Northern counties, a stall where cattle stand all night in winter See Craven Dialect, and Jamieson. Ang. Sax. called a boose ; in Scotland, a bowe.
*
'

bosj, pnesepe.

" To booce or boce out as workeThis word occurs in Palsgrave as a verb active. This brpda holowe thynge to make it seem more apparent to the eye, endocer. erer hath boced this pece of worke very well." * A.S. bod, jiissurii. * The word suffetyn', which occurs here only, and is not found in the other MSS., or the printed editions, may be an erroneous reading, but possibly it is a corruption of the French word sovjjleter, to cuff on the ear. Jamieson gives the verb to souff, or strike. * Skiuner gives " Buffet-stole, vox agro Linc. usitatissima ; est autem sella levior portatilis, im nllo cuhitorum aut dorsi fn.kro, credo parum, deflexo sensu a G. buffet, The buffet, however, was mensa ; meiisce eaim vicem saiis commode. supi>lere potest.^'' in France termed also the credence ; and under this a low stool the court-cupboard Hif^kea without a back might be plaoed, but for what special purposes does not appear. Forby explalns the buffetderives the word from A.S. beod, menm, and fset, vas.

men do

CAMD. SOC.

42

PROIIPTORIUII PARVULORVJI.

Baggyschyx

(boggysche,

k.

h.

boggisslie, p.)

BoGGYSCHELY. BocHCHARE, or
char, p,)i

Tumidus. Tumide.
vn-crafty
c. f.

BoYSTows garment. Birrus, cath. BoYSTOwEsxEssE (boystousnesse,

Ruditas. (boke, p.) Liher, codex. BooKBYNDER, OT amcndere. Sosius, UG. in soros. BoKELERE. Pelta, ancile, kylw.
P.)

(bot-

BooK

Iners,

(BoTCHARE
sartor.)

of olde thinges, p.

He-

BoHCHE,
CATH.

sore (botche, p.)

p.)

Ulcus,

C. F.

pama,

CATH.
bokylle.

BoKELYX, or spere wythe

BocHMENT (botchement,

Ad-

Plusculo.

ampli/icamenttim, ditamentum, CATH. augmeiitum, auctorium. BoY, supra in bey. Scuri^s. BoYDEKi'^', or bodekyn. Subucula, perforatorium.

BoKERAM,

clothe.5

BoKETT. Situla, rnergns, c. f. BoKULLE, supra in bocle (bokvll,

BoKULLE makere.
DICT.

Pluscidanus,

BoYSTE

or box^.

Pix

(pixis,

p.)

alabastrum, c. f. Boyst6n".3 Scaro, ventoso, UG. BoYSTows."* Rudis.

stcol

BoLAS

frnte (bollas, p.)

Pepulum,

mespihim, kylw. cath. BoLAS tre.6 Pepulus.

in Norfolk to be a four-legged stool set on a frame like a table, and serving as the pcor man's sideboard, stool, or table. In the History of Hawsted, by Sir Jolin CuHum, p. 2.5, the bequest occurs in 1.553 of "a buffed 81001," whieh is explained to be an oval stool without a back, and generally having a hole in tlie seat, for the convenience of lifting it. The Inventory of the etiects of Katharine Lady Hedworth, 1568, comprises the following articles " In my Ladyes Chaniber, 2 cupl)ords, 6s. 8J. 2 cupbord stoulles, os. 4f/. 3 buffett formes, 3. one litle buffet stole, 6(/." ^\'ills and Inver.t. i. 282. printed by the hurtees Society. Seehereafter buffett stole. ' Palsgrave gives the verb " to Uotche, or bungyll a garment as he dothe that is nat " Thou hast but bodchyd and countiefeat Latten, a perfyte workeman, fairouiller.''' imagiiiarie umhratilisque figKre.^'' horm. * buyste, alalastrum, pixis hosiiarium pro hostiis.'''' cath. angl. " Leckitus estvas olei amplum, vel ampalla ampla que auricaico solet fieri, Anglice, a b&yste cr This woid is from the old French boiste, lostia, in late kytte for oyle." ORT. voc. Latinity lusteo., or hv.siula, and these are derived from 'pV^^^t o^" Menage supposes, material chiefly employed. from lnu:us, the See Buist, in Jamieson.
;

"A

'

* " Hudis, indoctus, rudere.^'' CATH. angl. inordinaius, quasi rari datus, boystous. Rudo, to make boystous." oRT. voc. " Boystous, styffe or rude, lourd, royde. Unweldiy, boystouse, lovrd. Boystousnesse, roydeur, Chaucer uses the word thus " I am a boistous man, right thus say I." impeiuosiie." Manciple's Tale. The WicliflBte version renders Matt. ix. 16, " No man puttith a clout of bostous eloth into an olde clothing ;" in tlie original the sense is raw, unwrought cloth. * " Buckeram, hovgvera.m.'^ palsg. If In medieval Latlnity lcqvtran/ius. DUC. it signified a coarsegrained cloth, the name may be of French derivation, froni bourre, flocks of wool, and grain but some ancient writers describe it as telce subtilis, species.
:

See above bledYiNGE boyste. " Bustus, rudis, rigidvs. To be bustus,

William Thomas, in his Principal Rules of Italian Grammar, 1548, See MENAGE. renders " hucheraroe, buckeramme, and some there is wliite, made of bomhase, so thinne that a man m; see through it." * ^' A'b\i\a& tre, pepuius." cath.a^gl. " Pgpw/ifi, a bolaster." ort. voc.
i

PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.
BooLDE, or hardy Audax, animosus,
mus.
(bolde,
p.)

48

BoLKE,

or hepe. Cumulus, acervus.

liucto,
F.

uiujnani-

Bolkyn'.CATH. C.

eructo,

orexo,

BoLDE, or

to hoinely.

Presump-

BoLKYNGE,
BoLNYD.

or bulkyugc.
c. F.

Orexis,

tuosus, effrons, c. f.

eructuacio,

BoLDELY, or hardely. AudacAer. BoLDELY, or malapertly. Effronter,

c. F.

Tumidus. Bolnyn'.3 Tumeo, turgeo, tumesco.

presumptuose.

BoLDENESSE, or hardyncsse.
dacia.

Au(to-

BoLDENESSE, or homelynesse
homlynes, k.)
Presumpcio.

BooLE, a beste
Taurus.

(bole, net, beste, h.)

BoLNYNGE. Tutnor. Bqlstyr of a bedde.* Culcitra. BoLTE. Petilium, tribulum, kylw. BoNE. Os. BoNDE. Vincuhtm, ligamen. BoNDAGE. Servitus. BoNDE, as a man or woman. Servus, serva.

BoLLE,
C. F.

vesselle.

Conclia,

luter,

UG.
of

BoLLE, dysche.

BoLLE

Cantare. balaunce, or

skole

BoNDMAN. Servus nativus. BoNDSCHEPE. Nativitas. BoNDOGGE (bonde dogge,

p.)^

(scoole, H.)

Lanx, cath.
Bullio. pottys on

BoYLYD mete.
Bolyyn' or boylyn'.

Molosus. BoNE, or graunte of prayer (boone, Precarium, cath. c. f. p.)

])e

BoYLYN

ouyr,

as

pcticio.

fyre (buUyn,

Ebullio.

BoNET

of a seyle.

Artemo, cath.

BoLYYNGE, or boylynge of pottys

or othere lyke.' Bullicio, bullor.

sirapion, c. f.

BoLLYNGE owere
Ebullicio,
c. F.

as pottys plawyn.

BoNY, or hurtynge (of hurtynge, K. H. p.)6 Fleumon, cath. flegmen,

c. f.

{tumor, p.)

" Bulla, tiimor, laticttni, i. aquarum, a bollynge ora bloure." garland. equiv. " Ructo, to bolkyn." med. gr. " Bolke nat as a bene were in tby throte, ne " To bocke, belche, roucier. Bolkyng roiite point.'''' PYNSON, boke to lerne Frencli. of the stomake, routtement.'''' palsg. A.S. bealcan, eructare. Skinner gives " Boke, vox agro Llncolntensi familiaris, signijicat nauseare, eructare See Boke, or Voke, Forby. * In the Wiclitfite version, 1 Cor. v. 2, " Ghe ben bolnun with pride." Chaucer speaka " Bollynge yes out se but febely, ocidi 2'rominentes."' horm. of " bollen hartes." " Bolnyng or swellyng of a bruise or sore. See how this tode bolneth, s^enjle.'''' palsg.
*

.''"'

" iJoistarre, trauersin, chevecel.'''' palsg. S. bolster, ceroical. "A bande doge, Molosus.''' cath. angl. Skinner conjectures that the word " band, vinculum, q. d. canis vinctus, ne scilicet noceat ; vel si bandog is derived from malis, alj A.S. bana, interfector.'''' The Catholicon explains Jlegmen to be " tumor sanguinis. Item fiegmina sunt quando in manihus et pedibus callosi sulci sm<." It would appear to be the same as a bunnian, the derivation of whieli has been traced from the Frencli, " higne, hosse, enCotgrave renders it a bunip or knob, and he gives also flure, tumeur." ROQfEF. " Bigne, club-footed." Sir Thos. Browne, P'orby, and Moore give the word bunny, a small swelling caused by a fall or blow in Essex " a boine on the head." In Cullum' Hawsted, among tlie words of local use, is given bunny, a swelling from a blow.
* *
;

u
BoNY,
or grete

PROMTTORIUJX rARVUI.ORUM.

knobbe (knowe, w.)

BoRDURE abowte
dore,
K.

a thvnge (borh.)

cath. BoNSCHAWE, sekenesse (bonshawe,

Gibhits, gibber, calhts,

i"ound a-bowtyn,

p.y

Tessedo, sciasis.

Limbus, orarium, c. f. ora. Borderyn', or to niake a bordur

BooRE,
CATH.

swyne.

Aj)er,

verres,

(maken
Limbo.

a
hole.

border about,

p.)

BoRAGE, herbe.
dis, fitriosis,

Borago.
{_('[! o.

Bore, or
p.)

Foramen.

Stultis, leprosis, scabidis, titmi-

Boryn', or holyn (make an hole,

gaudia semper BooRDE. Tabitla, mensa, asser. BoRDECLOTHE. 3rappa, gansape,

Dicit borago,
c. F.

BoRYNGE,

BooRDE, or ganie.2 Ludus, jocv.s, BooRDON, or plejTn' (bordyn, p.) Ludo, jocor. BoRDELE. Lupanar, prostibulum. BoRDYouRE, or plevare (bordere,
p.)^

Perforo, p^enetro, cavo. or percyuge. Perforacio, cavatura. Bormy'n', or pulchyn' (bom}Ti, K. p. boomyn, h.)-* Polio, cath. BoRWAGE (borweshepe, k. boro-

wage,

p.)

Fidejussio,

c. f.

Lusor, jocidator.

Mutu(borower, p.) ator, c. F. sponsor, cath. BoRWYNGE. Mittuacio, mxttuum. (BoRWE for a-nothire person, k.
borowe,
sponsor.)
h. p.^

BoRWARE

BOORDEKNYFE. MensaCuUt, COMM. UG. KYLW.

Fidejussor,

' ' " The baneschawe, oscedo."" c.-vth. angl. Oscedo, qiiedam infirmitas quo ora " De ininfaatium extdcero/ntur i. e. oscitatio, oris aperiio, a boneshawe." ORT. John Baneschaw, cratica, i. passus.^^ Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 40. firmitatibus Arderne, who was surgeon to Edward III., says in his Chirurgica, " a( guttam in osse Sloan. que dicitnr bonsehawe, multum valet oleum de vitellis ovorum, si inde ungatrir.'" MS. 56 f. 18 b. In Sloan. MS. 100, f. 7, is given the recipe for "a good medicyn Take bawme and fef^irfoie, \>b oon deel bawme, and ^e J^ridde parte for boonschawe. fel>irfoie, and staumpe hem, and tempere hem wi}> stale ale, and lete Jje sike drinke In Devonshire the sciatica is termed bone-shave, and the same word signifies Jjerof.'" in Somerset an horny excrescence on the heel of an horse. ? A.S. sceorfa, scahies. ^ " A bowrde, jocus. A bowrdeword, dicerium, dictorium." cath. angl. " 3Iis" Bourde or game, jeu. Nugaciter, bourdly." ORX. voc. tilogia, a bourde, i. fahula. Bourdyng, jestyng, Joncherie. To bourde or iape with one in sporte, trvffler, lorder,
,
.

iouncher." palsg.

ANGL.

bowrder, mirnilarius, rnimilogus, lasor, yof u/for, e< cef mSj' a harlotte." cath. i. falulator vel gesticulator." oaT. voc. * " Bornysoh, burnir." palsg. Chaucer and Gower use burned in this sense frequently, as in the Knightes tale, " wrought all of burned steele."
^

"A

" Mistilogus, a bourder,

"

An

Which burned was

The word
is

harnois as for a lustie knight, as silver bright."

Conf.

Am.

taken from the old French word, burni ; in modern orthography, hruni. " A borgh, fidejussor, vus, sponsor, ohses. * To be borghe, fidejuheie, spondere.^' " Fidejussor, a borowe, qni pro alio se ohligat, a suerty." ORT. voc. CATH. ANGL. Tho word occurs in Piers PIoughman's Vision, line 13951.

PUOMI-TOUIUM PARVUI.ORUM.

45
of a walle."*
j\rachinis,

BoROWE,

or plegge (borvve, k. h.) VaS, CATH. Borowyn' of anodur '(borwyn of anotlier, k. boroweii, r.) 3Tutuor.

BoTERAS

BoRwoN owt
(bor\'^'n, H.

of preson, or stresse

borwne,

p.)'

Vaclor,

muripula, muripellus, fultura. BoTERYE. Celarium, boteria, jnncernaculum (^promptuarium, p.) BoTEW. Coturnus, botula, crepita. BooTHYR. Potomium, cath. c. f. BoTWRYTHE (botewright, p.) Naincularius, u<;.

CATH.

BosAKDE

Capus, vultur. BosoME, or bosum'. Sinus, vg. gremium.

byrde.

BoTYNGE, or encrese yn byynge

c. F.

Licitamentum, cath. liciarium,

BosT

(boost, p.)

Jactuncia, ar-

BoTUNE,^ or botum' (botym,

p.)

rogancia, ostentacio.

Fundum.
BoTUN, or yeue more owere in bargaynys (botyn, or ^eue moreouere in barganynge, k. botown,
h. bote, p.)

BosTARE, or bostowre.

Jactator, arrogans, philocompus, c. f. Booston'. Jacto, ostento. BooT. Navicula, scapha, simha. BoTE for a mannys legge (bote or Bota, cokyr, h. coker, p.)ocrea.

Licitur,

cath. vei
p.)

in precio superaddo.

BoTME, or fundament (botym,

Basis.

BoTE of (or, p.) helthe. Salus. BoTELLE vesselle. Uter, obba. BoTELLE of hey.3 Fenifascis. BoTLERE (boteler, p.) Pincerna,
promus, propinator, acaliculis, CATH.

BoTME

of threde, iiifra in

clowp.)

CHEN, or clowe (botym, p.)^ BoTOWRE, byrde (botore, k.

Onocroculus, botorius, c. f, BoTWN (botun, p.) Boto, fibuki, nodulus, DICT.

" Ne wight noon wol ben his borugh, Ne wed hath noon to legge."
It
is

found also not infrequently

in

Chaucer and Spenser.

he quitt with baile norborow." Sheph.Cal. May.

" That now

nill

" Vas, i. sjJOitsor vel fidejitssor, Aiifflice a borowe" (borghe, in another Edition). garLAND, Eqniv. " Borowe, a pledge, ^^eiye.'" palsg. A. ^. horh, foenus,fidejussor. " If thou be taken prisoner in this quarrell, I wyll nat borowe the, I promesse the, je nete jiledgeray point." palsg. 2 See BOTEw, and cokyr, botew. " Boote of lether, houseau.'''' palsg. 3 " Botclle of haye, hotteau de foyn. Aske you for the hosteller, he is aboue in the In Norfolk it denotes haye lofte makynge botelles (or botels) of hay, boteller." palsg. the quantity of hay that may serve for one feed. FoRnY. " Arr boutant." cotgr. * " Bottras, poj-tant.''^ palsg. * " To boote in corsyng," (horse-dealing) " or chaunging one thyng for another, gyue nioney or some other thynge above the thyng. What wyll you boote bytwene my A. S. bctan, cwenc^are. horse and yours ? mettre ou bovter dauaataiije.'''' palsg. " A bothome, fundvs,'''' cath. anql. * The correet reading is probably botme. ^ " A bothome of threde, filarium." cath. a.ngl. " Bottome of tlirede, gliceaux, Skinner derives it from the French, botcuu, fasciculus. plotton defil." pai.sg.
'

46

PROMPTOKIU.M PAKVULORUM.
clothys (botonvn,
Botojio, Jibulo.
(bot}'!',

BoTHox
BoTURE

k bo-

Bontyvasxesse
nesse,
p.)

(bountyuouslibe-

ton, p.)

Munijicentia,
p.)

BOTURFLYE.

Butirum. PapiUo.
K.)

ralitas, laryitas.

Boxtyvese (bomityuous,
nificus, liberalis,

Mu-

BowE

of a tre (boiighe, branche,

larcjus.

P.) Ramus. BowALLE, or bowelle

BowRE,
(bowalj,

chambyr.

Thalamus,

conclave.

K. H. bawelly, p.)

Viscus.

BowALYNGE.
teracio.

Evisceracio,

exen-

Box, or buffett. Alajxi. (Box, or boyste, k. h. p.

Pixis

or take owte bowalys. Eviscero, cath. BowDE, malte-worme (boude of Giu-gulio, kylw. malte, p.)i

Bowaylyk',

Buxus. Bothe, or bothyn

tre.

Box

(bothen,

p.)

TJterque, aiabo,

cath.

BopE, chapmannys schoppe. Pella,

BowE. Arcus. Bowett, or hHntenie.2

lanterna.

BoYUL
Lucerna,

selda (opel/a, apotecha, p.) or bothule, herbe, or cowslope (bothil, h. boyl, p.)^ Vactinia, c. F. rnenelaca,

marciana,

B0W3ERE

(bowyere,

p.)

Arcu-

C. F.

arius, architenens, dict.

Brace, or
cvs,

(of, p.)

a balke.
c. F.

Un-

Bowyn'. Flecto, curvo. BowYx',orlowtyn' (lowyn, bnlkyn, or bowyn, h. p.) Inclino,

loramentum,

BowGE. Buhja, c. F. Bowle. Bolus. BowLYX, or pley wvthe bowlvs.

Bolo.

of howndys. Bracyn, or sette streyte. Tendo. Bragett, drynke (bragot or brak. h. e,)* Mellibrodium, bragetum (secl hoc est fictum, p.) Bray, or brakene, baxteris instrument. Pinsa, c. f.

Brace

ket,

BowNDE,

or

marke.

Meta,

li/nes.

the Eastern counties, are weovils in malt. tcsseu, fouby, moore. appliances for sacred use in the Latin-Engli?h Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17. are " alsconsa, sconsae, ve/ttifnja, bowyt, crucihidum, cressett.'' The C. XVII. f. 43. word was no doubt taken from the French locte ; in Latin, holetu, capsula. ^ In the treatise of herbs and their qualities, Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 72 b. is mentioned bothume, " Consolicla raedia is an herbe that rae clepj'th wyth botliume, or whyte goldys, thys herl;e hath leuys that beth enelong." " Hire mouth was swete as braket or the * " Bragott, idroriiellum.'^ CATH. angl. meth.'' CHAUC. Milleres Tale. Skinner explains bragget to be " species lujdromelitis,
'

Bouds,

in

Among

cercvisicc melle et aromatihus conditcB Lancastrensilus valde vsitata." The Welsh bragod has the same signification. Grose says bracket is in the North a drink compounded of honey and spices. See bragwort, in Jamieson and Nares. Harrison, who lived in Essex about 1.575, relates in his description of England, prefixed to Holinshed^s Chronicles, ii. c. 6, how his wife was accustomed to make brackwoort, reserving a portion of the woort unmixed with hops, which she shut up close, allowing no air to come to it till it became yellow, calling it brackwort, or charwort, to which finally she

vel pofitis

added

arras,

and bay-berries powdered.

PROMPTOHIUM l'ARVULORUM.
Brayxe. Cerebrum. Brayyn' in sownde (brayne in sowndynge, p.y Barrio, cath.
Brayyn', as baxters her pastys (brayn, vicle in knedying, k.) PinSO, CATH. Brayyn, or stampyn in a mortere,
Tero.

47

Bhaynles. Incerehrosus. Brake, herbe,,or ferme.2 Filix.

Brakebushe,
Jilaxe.

or fernebrake. Filicetum, filicarium, ug. in

in

Brakene, supra
nesse, j.)^

bray (brakeor

Brakyn, or
Tri-

castyn,

spewe.*

Brayynge, or stampynge.
tura.

Vo7no, cath. evomo.

Brakynge,
BnrriUis,

or parbrakynge.

Vo-

Brayynge yn sownde.
C. F.

viitus, evomitus.

Brandelede

(branlet, k. branlede

Braynyn' (brayne, p.) Excerebro. Braynyd, or kyllyd. Excerebratus.

or treuet, p.) Tripes, necc. Bras (brasse, p.) Es.

Branyd, or fuU of

bi-ayne.

Ce-

rebrosus, cerehro plenus.

Braynynge, or kyllynge,
cerebracio.

Ex-

Brasyle.5 Gaudo, dicc. vel liynum Alexandrinum. Brasyn' (brased, p.) Ereus, eneus. Brasyere. Erarius. BuAS-1'OTT. Emola, brit.

" The moders of the ehyldern" (slain by Constantine) " camen cryenge and brayenge sorowe of theyr chyldern." legend. aur, " To bray as a deere doth, or other beest, There is a deer kylled, for I here hym bray." palsg. hrayre. " Filix, Anglice, 2 brakane, filix. a brakanbuske, ,A'''Va)-tMOT." cath. angl. " Brake, ferne, /wsiVre." palsg. ferne or brakans." ORT. voc. In the Household Book of the Earl of Northumberland, 1511, it appears that water of braks was stilled Ray gives the word brakes as generally used it is retained in yearly, for domestic use. Norfoik and Suffolk. See forby and nares. ' "A hrakc, 2)i)tsella, vibra, rastelhim.'''' Cath. angl. * " He wyll nat cease fro surfettynge, tyll he be reddy to parbrake." " To IIORM, It is a slirewde turne, lie parbi^aketh tlnis." palsg. parbrake, vamir. This word does See Brakiiig, in Jamieson. not occur again in it.s proper place in the Promptorium. 5 It is not a little singular to find so many notices as occur of Bra.siI-\vood, considerably anterior to the discovery of Brasil, by tlie Portuguese Captain, Peter Alvarez Capralis, which occurred 3d May, 1500. He named it tlie land of the Holy Cross, " since of store of th.at wood, called Brasill." Purchas^s Pilgrimes, vol. i. It is probable that some wood which supplied a red dye had been brought from the East Indies, and received the name of Brasil, long pi-evious to the discovery of America. See Huetiana, In the Canterbuiy Tales, thc Iiost, commending the Nonne's preeste for his p. 268.
'

for

"A

health and vigour, says,

''

Him
With

nedeth not his colour for to dien, Brasil, ne with grain of Portingale."

Among the valuable effeets of Henry V. taken shortly after his decease in 1422, there In Sloan. MS, occur " ii. graundes peces du Bracile, pris vi. s. viii. d." ROT. parl. 2584, p. 3, will be found directions " for to make brasil to florische lettres, or to rewle wyth bookes."

48
Bratvlere.
jurgosus.
Litigator,

Pr.OMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
litigiosiis,

Brawndyschynge
K.)

(brawnchyng,

Vibracio.

Bbawlyn', or strywen'. Quere plura jurgo.

VEN.

Litigo,
ia

Breche, or breke.2 Braccce, plur.

strv-

Bredde

or hecchyd, of byrdys (hetched, p.) Pullijicatus.

fode.

Jurgimn, litigium. Apinna. (Bratvxe of acbecun. H.cheken, p. Pulpa, c. F.) Brawne of niannys leggys or armys. 2Iusculus, lacertus, pul-

Brawlynge.

Brede, mannys

Panis.

Brawne

of a boi-e.i

Brede twyys bakyn,

as krakenelle

pa,

c. F.

Branche

of a tre.

Palmes,
vyny,

c. f.

or symnel,3 or other lyke (twyes bake, or a craknell, p.) JRubichis, c. f. (artocopus, p.) Brede, bysqwyte, sup7'a (bred clepyd bysqwyte, h. p.) Biscoctus. Brede, or lytylle borde. Mensula, tahella, asserulus.

{iximus, ramusculus, P.)

(Brawnche
Palmes.)

of

k.

p.

Brede-huche

(bredhitithe,

p.)

Brawndeschyn'
man,
'

(brawnchyn

as

k.)

Vihro.

Tiirrundula, UG. in turgeo. Bredechese (bredchese, Jumtata (junctata, p.)

p.)*

ancientlv in a

Brawne, which Tooke conjectured more general sense than

to be boaren, flesh being understood, at present.

The etymolcgy

traced with much probability to the Latin, aprugnv.m., caUum. of " brawn and blod of tbe goos, bacon and colhopes ; " and Chaucer, in the Knight'3 Tale, applies the word, as it has been here, to the muscular parts of the human franic.

was applied word may be Piers Ploughman speaks

of the

" His limmes gret, his braunes hard and strong."

The

gloss on Gautier

de Bibelesworth gives the word in

est

this sense,

"

En

la

jambe
cwin

la sure.

(the caalf.) (the brahun.)"'

tau/U
"

Iraoun

rest eiisure.

Arund. MS. 220,

f.

298.

cath. angl. " Laceriia, vel lacertus, irroprie superior \><i " He hath eate po.rs Irachii vel mnsculus, brawne of the arme." med. Harl. MS. 2257. '^ Braon, le gras des fesses." roquef. all tlie braune of the lopster, ca.llarn.''' horm. Roman de Rou. 2 " Breke, Iracce. femorale, perizovia, sarahalla. Breke of women, feminalia.^^ A curious illustration of the use by the fair sex of this last-mentioned CATH. A.VGL. article of dress is supplied by the Roll of Expenses of Alianore Countess of Leicester, A.D. 1265, edited by Mr. Botfield for the Roxburghe Club, " Item., pro vi peliilus baszeni ad cmralia Comitissce, jMr Hicqe Cissorem, xxi d. pro iii nlrds tarerdinilli ad " Batliini dicuntar eadern, per eundem, xri d. pro jolumd ad eadem, xii d.'' page 10. " Breche of hosen, vestes linee usque ad genua jiertinentes, a breche." ort. voc.

brawne

of a

man,

rnusculu-s."

Elyot gives in his Librarie a quaint synonyme in his Iraiette, braie, hraies.^'' palsg. rendering of the word " sultigaculum, a nether coyfe or breche." CRAiiEXELLE, brede, and symnel. See * Juncata, which is written also jancta, junchela, and jumentata, is explained to be " lac concretum, et juncis involutum, mattes or erudde." ort. voc. In French, jonchee, which is " a greene cheese or fresh cheese made of milke that's curdled without any Bred, in the Eastern counties, runnet, and served in a fraile of green rushes." cotgr. signifies at the present time the board used to press curd for checse, somewhat lesa in
*

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

49
claddis, p.'

Brede

of mesure.i

Latltvdo.
as

(Breken

Occo, ug )

Bredyn' or hetchyn',
Bredyn',

byrdys

(foules or birdes, p.) Pullifico. or make more brode.

Brekynge. Fraccio. Breme, fysche. Bremtdus. Bren, or bryn, or paley.-* Cantabnnn, furfur, cath.

Dilato.

Brede vermyne.
Bredynge,

Vermesco.

Brennar, or he
thynge a-fyre.

)jat

settythe

a
or

or brodynge (or forthe

Combustor.

bringinge, p.) of birdys. Ebrocacio, focio, cath. fomentacio. Bredynge, or makynge brode. Dilatacio.

Brennyn,

or settyn'

on

fyre,

make

bren'.

Tncendo, cremo,
selfe

Breyde

lacys.

Necto,

torquco,

comburo. Bren', by the Ardeo.

(brenne, p.)
combustio,

Bredynge

UG. laqiieo, fihulo. of lacys, or ofer lyke. Laqueacio, nectio, connectio.

Brennynge.

Ustio,

Breydyn', or vpbreydyn'.
pero.

Improp.^

incendium. Brent. Combustus, incensus. Brere, or biymmeylle (bremmyll, Tribulus, or biymbyll, p.)
vep^ris.

(Brayde,

sawte,

or

brunt,

Lnpetiis.^

Breke, or brekynge.
fractura.

Ruptura,

Brese.5 Locusta, asilus, ug. Brest, or wantynge, of nede (at

Indigencia. nede, p.)^ Pectus. of a beste. Breeste-bone. Torax, ug.

Brekyn'

or brestoii' (brasten, p.)

ropis

Breeste

Frango.

in

Brakyn' a-sunder cordys and and oper lyke. Rumpo.

torqueo.

(Brasten, supra

in

breken,

p.)

press, or
'

circumference than the vat the bred-chese may have been one freshly taken from the perhaps so called as being served on such a " bred," or broad platter. " Brede or squarenesse, croisure.'''' palsg. A.S. brsed, latitudo. * " Brayde, or hastynesse of mynde, colle. At a brayde, faisant mon effort. At the first brayde, de pnme face. To brayde or take a thyng sodaynly in haste, je me mets a prendre hastiuement. I breyde, I make a brayde to do a thing sodaynly, je m'efforce. I breyde out of my slepe, je tressaulx." pal&g. See brade, in Jamieson. ^ " Occo, scindere, c/lebas, rangere, Anylice to clotte." ORX. voc. Compare brestyn
;

clottys.
See PALY of bryne. " Paille, chaffe, the huske wherein corn lieth." cotgr. From the Latin jmlea. " Atelabus, a waspe or a * " brese, atelahus, brucus, vel locusta.''^ cath. angl. " Brese or long flye, prester.'''' palsg. A.S. briosa, tabanus. brese." ort. voc.

Hampole

uses this

word

in tlie

Pricke of Conscience.

" Lorde, when sawe we the hafe hunger or thriste, Or of herbar haue grete briste." Harl. MS. 6723,
It is

f.

84.

perhaps taken from the Danish, "

brcist,

default, have brost, to

want or lack a

thing.''

WOLFF.

CAMD. SOC.

50

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM,
selfe

Brestyn', or cleue by fe
(brasten, p.)

Brybery, or brybe.
c. F.

Manticulum,

Crepo.

Breste
Breste

clottys, as

plowmen

(clod-

Bryby'n'.
ticula,

3fanticu1o, latrocinor.

des, p.)
dejicio,

Occo.
Sterno,

do"vnie (brast, p.)

ohmo.

Breke Breke

couenant. Fidifrago. lawys. Legirumpo. Brestyn owte. Erumpo, eructo. Bresty'xge, svpra in brekynge. Brestyts^ge downe. Prostracio,
consternacio.

Manticulus, mancath. Bryd. Avis, volucris. Brydale. NupcicB. Kuptorium, Bry'dale howse. CATH.

Brybowre.2

Brydbolt,
tiliinn.

or

burdebolt.

"Epi-

Betrax

of a walle (bretasce,
h. p.)^

k.

bretajs,

Projmgnacualitus,

Bryde, infra in spowse (man or woman, infra in spowse, p. Sponmayde or woman, w'.
sus, sponsa.)

lum, Dicc.

Brethe.
ramen.

Anelitus,

spi-

Brydyxle
erica,

(bridell, p.)

Frenum,

cath.
Freno.

Brethyn', or ondyn.' Sjnro, anelo,

aspiro.

BRYDEL-i^M'.

Brydelyn', or refreynyn'.
Brevigerulus,

Re-

Breuetowre.
cath.

freno.

Breyel.
ciilus.

Brollus, brolla, miser-

Brydelyme. Viscus. Bryge, or debate (bryggyng,

Briga, discensio.

k.)^

"A bretasynge, propugnciculum.'''' cath. angl. The Catholicon says, " dicunCur In the propugnacula pircne muroi~um sive swmrne paiies, quia ex his projpugruitur.'''' Treatise " de Utensilibu-s,'' wntten by Alex. Neccham, about the year 1225. in the chapter relating to a castle, the French gloss renders propugnacula, brestaches, and hretesque, pinne, Jcarneus. Cott. MS. Titus, D. xx. f. 196. hreteche, "' Bretesse, roquef. This word was forteresse, tuur de hois riiolile, parapet, creneavx, palissade See applied rather indefinitely to deuote various applianees of aneient fortification. hretachice, in Dueange. It more properly signified the battlements thus it is said of the valiant Normans,
'
.''''

"

As

herteiches monterent,

et

au mur

guernele."'

Roman

de Rou.

In Lydgate's Troy

we read

that,

" Every tower bretexed was so clene."

In a contract made at Durham in 1401, is the clause, " ^< suj^ra istas fenestras faciet in ulroqv.e muro aAlours, et hretissemenla hatellata.^''
*

"

Who

saveth a thefe
false

when the rope

tlie

is

knet,

With some

turne

bribour will him quite." lydhate.

In Piers Ploughman bribors are classed with " pilors and pikeharneis." In Rot. Parl. 22 Edw. IV. n. 30, are mentioned persons who " have stolen and bribed signetts," that is, young swans. "A biibur, cirt^trmforaneus, Iv.slro, sicefcuda.'' cath. a.ngl. " To bribe, pull, pyll, hriher, Romant, derohher. He bribeth, and he polleth, and he gothe to worke." palsg. * This word occurs in Chaucer, T. of MeUb. " min adversaries han begonne this

PROMPTOUIUM PARVUI.OUUM.
Brygge. Pons. BuYGYUDYLL.i Lumbare, renale. BuYGOws, or debate-makar. Brigosus.

51

(BRY'NGYNforthe, or shewyn forthe, K. p. Profero.)

Brynge Brynge

forthe frute.

Fructifico.

forthe kynlynge.

Feto.
Infero,

BuYLL.\RE of diynke, or schenkare (drinkshankere, p.) Propinator, propinatrix.

Britnge yn to a place.
induco.

Bryngy'n, or ledyn.
diynke.^
troduco.

Induco, in-

Bryllyn', or Propino.

schenk

Bryxlynge

of diynke (of ale, k.) Propinacio.

Brym, or fers.3 Petnts, ferox. Brymbyll, supra in breue. Bryngare. Allator, lator.
BuY'NGE
to.

to mynde. Reminiscor, commemoro. BuYNGE owte of place. Educo. BuY'NGYNGE. Allatura. Bryne, or brow of pe eye. Su-

Brynge

percilium.

Ajfero, perduco.

(Brynne

of corn, k.

Cantabnim,

Brynge
drun.

forthe chyldyr, or chylParturio, pario, edo.

furfur.) Bryne of salt. Salsvgo, cath. c.f.

debat and brige by hia outrage." Roquefort gives " Brlga, querelle, demele, comhaU Brigueux, querelleur : " and Cotrave, ^' Briffue, contention, altercation." Skinner vvould however trace tlie word to A.S. brice, ruptura. Hormau says, " beware of such brygous matters {ab.stineas omni calumnid), for thou oughtest nat to hold cuurrishly ageyust thy maister." See Briga, in Kennetfs Glossary. '^ Lumbare, Anglice a breke-gyrdle, citiyulum, circa lumhos, et dicitur a lumbis, quia eo cinguntur et religantur, vel qiiia lumbis inhereat. Itern dicitur et coxale, et brackarium, et renale, sed proprie renale quod renihus assignatur, sicut ventrale circa ventrem cingulum." ORT. voc. from the Catholicon. Braccale, braccarium, a breke" Perisoma, braygurdylle." Ilarl. MS. girdul. Marcijiium, a brigirdele." med. 1002, f. 116. The terms brekegirdle and bygirdle are occasionally confounded together, and it may be questiohed which of the two was here intended the latter is the AngloSaxon bigyrdel, zona, saccus, Jiscus, which properly signifies a purse attached to the girdle. In this sense it occurs in P. Ploughman, " the bagges and the bigirdles." " licnale, a Vision, lin. 5072. bygyrdylle. marsupium, renale." cath. angl. bygyrdyll, est sona circa renes. Brachile, i. lumhare, dicitur etiam cingidum renum, a bygyrdell. Cruma vel crumena est bursa, vel saccus i^iecunie, vel marsupium, a bygyrdell.'" ORT. voc. On the Northern coast of Norfolk, opposite Burnham Westgate, is an island of singular shape, resembling the letter S it is about a mile in length, following the direction of its tortuous form, and very narrow throughout. It still bears the name of Bridgirdle, evidently froni its supposed similarity to the ancient article of dress called the brygyrdyi.e. See No. lxix. of the Ordnance Survey. * " To byrle, Ang. S. byrlian, haurire, byrle, propina-re, 'miscere.'''' Catii. akgl. pincerna. Jamieson gives the same sense of the verb to birle. See hereafter sche^kyiN drynke. scenca.n, jjropinare. A.S. * This word occurs in R. Brunne, and Chaucer. See also Gawayn and Golagros. " He come lyke a breme bare. " Sir Amadas. " Brimme, feirse, ^Tier." palsg. A.S. bremman, furere. In the dialects of Norfolk and Sutfolk, brim is retained only in ihe following sense "a brymmyng as a bore of a sovve doth, en rouyjr.'' palsg. " To bryme, suhare." CATH. aN(;l. Elyot renders " snbo, to brymme as a boore doth, whan he getteth pygges." See further in Ray, Jamieson, and Forby.
' ''' :

"A

62

PROMPTORIUM PARVCLORDM.
of a wesselle.
of

Brynke Brvnke
Brysyde

Margo.
supra
in

Brocale, or

lewpige

of

watyr,

(brokaly of inete, p.)-

mete Frag-

BANKE.
(brissed, p.)

mentum, comm.
Quassatus,

Broche
Broche,

of threde.

Vericulum.

contusus.

juelle (jowell, p.)^

MoFir-

Brosyn

or qwaschyu' (brysyn, k. bryszyn, h. brissen, p.)i Briso,

nile, arniilla.

Broche

for

a thacstare.*

CATH.
allido.

quasso,

brisco,

c.

f.

macidum. Broche, or

(Brisyng, or brissoure, k. bryssQuasynge or bryssure, h.

satio, contusio, collisio.')

spete (without-yn Veru. mete, h. withoute, p.)^

or spete,
p.

(Broche
vjDon
it,

whan mete

is

Brystylle, or
tyll, p.)

brustylle

(burs-

Seta.

Bryghte.
rutilans.

Clarus,

splendidus,

Venitum.) Broche for spyrlynge or herynge.^ Spiculum, coMM. Brochyn', or settyn a vessellc Attabroche (a-broche, k. p.)

Bryghtenesse. Splendor. Bryghte swerde. Splendona.

'

Brode, or wyde.

mino, clipsidro, kylw. Latus, amplus.

BrysiUe, frac/ilis, fisilis, fracticius, fraciillis." quatere, quarsare. The word bryse is, however, probably taken A.S. brjsan, conterere. Palsgrave gives " to brise or bray herbes or suche more directly from the French. In the curious treatise of the virtues of herbs, Roy. MS. like in a mortar, hriser.'''' 18 A. YI. f. 72 b. is mentioned " bryse-wort, or bon-wort, or daysye, consolida minm; good to breke bocches." ^ Elyot renders " Analecta, fragmentes of meate whiche fall vnder the table. Analectes, he that gadereth vp brokelettes." ^ The broche was an ornament common to both sexes of the largesse of Queen Guenever it is related, " Everych knyjt she ^af broche otlier ryng." launfal miles. " Fihila, a boton, or broehe, prykke, or a pynne, or a lace. Monile, ornamentura est quod solet ex femi?iarum penclere collo, quod alio nomine dicitur frmacidum, a broche." ORT. voc. The jewel which it was usual about the commencement of the XVIth CenPalsgrave gives " Broche for ones cappe, tury to wear in the cap was called a broche. Make this brotche fast in your cappe. Broche with Iroche, ymage, ataiche, aficquet. a scripture, deuise.'''' The beautiful designs of Holbein exeeuted for Henry VIII. and
bryse,

"To

CATH. ANGL.

preserved in Sloan. MS. 5308, afford the best examples of ornaments of tliis description, See also the Privy Purse Expenses of the Princess Mary, edited by Sir F. Madden. Broaclies are explained by Forby to be " rods of sallow, or other tougli and pliant wood split, sharpened at eacli end, and bent in the middle ; used by tliatchers to pierce and fix tlieir work. Fr. hroche." ^ " A soudear for lacke of a brotche or a spyt, rosteth his meate upon his wepon made lyke a broche." hokm. Thomas, in his Principal Rules of Italian Grammar, In the Earl of 1548, renders " stocco, an armyng sw^oorde made like a broche." Northumberland's Household Book, 1511, it appears that the broches were turned by Falsgrave alludes to the same primitive a " child of the keching." ant. REP. tv. 2.33. usage, " when you haue broclied tlie meate {emhrochi) lctte tlie boye tourne, and come you to cliurehe." 8ee also Leland's CoU. vi. 4. * " A sperlyuge, ipimera, sperlinf/us,'' cath. angl. "Spurlin, a smelt. Fr. esperlan.'''' SKiNKER. The name is retained in Scotland ; see sparlyng and spirling in Jamieson.

PKOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

53
{retencio
cihi

Brode

or lcirge of space. of byrdys.

Spa-

Retencio
potus,

vel

ciosus.

difjestio, p.)

Brode Brode
Brood

PuUificacio.
Claviis

Brokdol,

or frees (brokyl or fres,

hedlese acephalus.

nayle.
(brodai-we,

H. brokill or feers, p.) Fragilis.

Brome, brusche.
K.y

Genesta, mirica,
c. F.

arowe

CATH. tamaricium,

Catapulta, cath. Brood axe, or exe. Dolabmm, CATH. Brodyn, as byrdys (and fowles,p.) Foveo, fetifico, c. f. in alcyon. Brodynge of byrdys. Focio, CATH. {focacio, p.)

Bronde

of

fyre.

Facula, fax,

ticio, torris, c. f.

Brondyde. Cauterizatus, c. f. Bronnyn' wythe an yren'(brondyn,

p.)

Cauterizo.

Brondynge. Cauterizacio, c. f. Brondynge yren'. Cauterium, c. f.

Brostyn,
rriptus.

Broydyn
Broylyd.

Broylyd
]>e

(broyded, p.) Laqueatus. Ustulatus. niete, or rostyd only on

Fi-ixiun, frixitura.

or

broke.

Fractus,
cod.

Brostyn man, yn
niosus, c. F.

\>g

Her-

colys.

Brolyyn', or broylyn'. Ustulo, ustillo, torreo, cath. (Brolyyd, supra in broylyd, k.) (Beolyynge, or broylinge, k. Usttilacio.)

Brothe.
C. F.

Brodium,
or

liquamen,

Browdyd,

ynbrowdyd (brow-

dred, or browden, p.) Tntextus, acupictus, c. F. frigiatus, ug.

(Brok,

best, K. brocke, p.2

Taxus,

Browdyn', or
ug. in frigid.

imbrowdyn'

(in-

castor, melota, pictorius.)

browdyr, p.) Intexo, c.. frigio,

Broke, watyr.

Rivuhis, torrens.

Broke baklcyde. Gihhosiis. Brooke mete, or drynke (bi'oken,

p.)3
tinere.

Browdyoure
Browe. Browesse
patum,

textor, c. F. frigio,

Retineo, vel digerendo reof

p.)' Incath. ug. Supercilium.

(browderere,

(browes, h. p.)^

Adi-

Brokynge

mete and drynke.

c. F.

' The Catholicon explains catapulta to be " sagiila cum ferro hipenni, guam sagillam harbatam vocant." Palsgrave renders broad arrow, ^^ raillon : and Cotgrave gives "fer de fleche a, raillon, a shoot-head,a forked or barbed head." " Fiber, id est castor, a brocke. Fihritia vestis que iramam * See above bawstone. " Brocke a best, taxe." palsg. de fihri lana hahet, a clothe of brocke woll." ort. voc. The AVickliffite version renders Hebr. xi. 37, " Thei wenten about in brok skynnes, and in skynnes of geet." A.S. broc, grumus. ^ " To brooke meate, digerer, aualer. I can nat brooke this pylles. He hath eaten raw quayles, I fear me he shall neuer be able to brooke them." palsg. A.S. brucan, Margaret Paston, writing about the sickness of her cousin IJernay, 14 Edw. IV. frui. 1476, 7, says, "I reniember yat water of mynte, or water of millefole, were good for my cosyn Bernay to drynke, for to make hym to browke.'' Paston Corrosp. V. 156. Skinner explains brewse to be " paids jure intiiictus,'''' which is the precise meaning
''"'

54
Browett.1

PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
Brodidlum.
JFuscus,
subiiigcr,

Brunswyne,
ni-

or delfyne.*'

Foca,

Browne.

gellus, c, F. UG. in a.

delphinus, suillus, cath. Brunt.'* Insultus, impetus.

Browne

ale,

or

K. (brwjB, browyn, w.)

p.

diynke brmyyu, h.^ Pandoxor.

other

Panbrewere. doxatur, pandoxatrix. Brothyr. Frater. Brodyr yn lawe. Sororius, c. f. Brodyr by tbe modyr syde onely
Browstar, or
(alonly

Bruntun, or make a soden stertynge (burtyn, p.) Insilio, cath. Brusche. Bruscus, c. f. Bruschalle (brushaly, k.) Sarmentum,
cath. ramentum, ug.
k. p. Seta.)
c. f.

in rado, ramalia, arbustum.

(Brustyl of a swyne,

Budde

of a tre.

Gemma,

by moder,
herbe
Pulio,

p.)

Ger(brother

hotrio, frons, UG. in foros.

manus.

Budde
p.)
^jera/e2';

flye.
as trees.

BRO^rawoRTE
wort,
Qndeiuiti, p.)

Buddun'

Gemmo,

c. f.

Brusstome, or brymstone.
phur.

Sul-

pampino, pubdo, frondeo. Buffett. AlajKi. (Buffetyn, k. h. p. Alapo,

alapizo, cath.)

of brewis in the North of England. brockett.

Huloet, in the reign of

Edward VI.

speaks of " browesse,

made

with bread and

fat

meat."

"

proverbe sayde in ful old langage,

That tendre browyce made with a marj'-boon, For fieble stomakes is holsum in potage." Lydgate, Order of Fooles, Harl. MS. 2251,

f.

303.

The Latin-English Yocabulary, Roy. MS. 17

adepatum, Brewes is brewett, yarrus,''^ distinguishing tliese two words, as the Promptorium does. derived from the plural of A.S. briw, jasciduni ; but brewett is a word adopted from the Palsgrave, however, gives " brewesse, potage of fysshe French, hrov.it, potage or broth.
C.

XVIL

gives

" browys,

or flessbe, broaet." In the Forme of Cury, and other books of ancient cookery, will be found a variety of recipes for making brewets, such as brewet of Almony, or Germany, of ayrenne, or In a IMS. of the XVth century, in the possession of eggs, eels, and other fish in bruet. Sir Thomas Phillipps, No. 8336, occur " Bruet seec, bruet salmene, and bruet saraThe word seems to have been applied generally to any description of zineys blanc." potage ; but Roquefort defines the original meaning of hro-ael aa " ckaudeau, et ce que
'

nouveatix mariis dorinounit a lev.rs compagnons pour boire, le joiir de leurn noces.'^ Gautier de Bibelesworth, in hisTretyz de Langage, written in the reign of Edward I. gives a detailed and curious account of malting and brewing, " de Ireser, et de bracer." Arund. MS. 220, In HarrLson's Description of Britaine, Book ii. ch. 6, prefixed to Holinshed's Chronicles, will be found a minute deseription of the process of brewing, as practised in the Eastern counties in the XVIth century. * In Anglo-Saxon mere-swyn siguifies a dolphin the epithet brun, fitscus, is proIt is the porpesse, perhaps, which is in bably in relerence to the colour of the fish. many placcs cailed sea-swine, in ItAl\a.n porcopesse, that is liere intended. * " Bruut, hastynesse, cluivlde-co/le. Brunt of a daunger, escousse, effort." palsg.
les
^
;

PROMPTOniUM PARVULORUM.
BUFFETYNGE. Alapacio. BuFFETT stole.^ Scubellum,
trisilis, c. f.

55
Taratantai-izatus.

BuTYD.'*
tripos,

BUGGE, or bnglarde.2
Ducius.

Manrus,
p.)"'

BuGLE,

or

beste

(bugyll,

Taratantarizacio. or bulstarc. Taratanta7^are, c. f. taratantanim, UG. in tardo, politrudvm. Bombon' as been' (bummyn or

BuLTYNGE.

BuLTE pooKE,

Bubalus.

BuK, BuK,

best.
roo.

Dama.
Caprius {caprimis,
p.)

BuLLE
BuLTE

(of the Pope, k.)

flowre.

Bulla.

k. h. p.)^ Bombizo, CATH. bombilo, bombio. Bunch6n'.6 Tundo, trudo. BuNCHYNGE. Tuncio.

bumbyn,

BuLLOK.

Boculus, hiculus. Attamino, cath.

p.)

taratantarizo, UG. in tardo.

BuNDELLE. Fasciculus. BuNNE, brede. Placenta. BxiNKYYDE (bunne kyx.

BuLTURE

(bultar,

Taratan-

tarizator, piolitrudinator.

Calamus, K.)7 BuNGE of a wesselle, as a tonne.

See above, bofet, thre fotyd stole. " Bugge, si^ectrum, larva, lemures." baret. This word has been derived frora the Welsh bwg, larva. Higins, in his version of Junius' Nonienclator, 1585, renders " lemures nocturni, hobgoblins or night-walking spirits, blaclie bugs. Ttrriculavmitum, a scarebug, a bulbegger, a sight that frayeth and frighteth." See Nares, and Boggarde and Bogith in Jamieson. St. Augustin and other writers mention " quosdam dcemo/ies quos Dusios Oalli nuncupaiU,'' namely incvM. See Ducange. To this word Ducius, by which the bugge is here rendered, the origin of the vulgar term, the deuce, is evidently
*

to be traced.
^

" Bugle beest, hevgle." palsg.

'^

Bugle,

hvffle,

buffes or bugles, wild beasts like oxen, uri.

" Buffle, hceuf sauvage.'"' roquef. Buffe leather, aluta buhalina.'''' baret.

" Preciouse cuppis be made of buguU homys, uroi-um, cornihus, no/i huhalorum.'''' horm. The bugle was introduced into England in 1252, as a present to Richard, Earl of Cornwall, brother of Henry HI. " Alissi smit Comiti Richardo de partihus trayismarinis Buhali, pars vero sexus masculini, pars feminini, ut in his partihus occidentalihus, ipsa animulia non prius hic visa multiplicarentur. Est autem Buhalus geniis jumenti hovi consimile, ad onera portanda vel trahenda aptissimum, cocodrillo inimicissimum, undis amicum, magnis coriiihus communitum.'''' Matt. Paris. * " Bulted, sasse, boultyng clothe or bulter, hluteau. To boulte meale, hulter."
PALSG. He gives the word also in a metaphorical sense, " to boulte out a mater, trye out the trouthe in a doubtfull thynge, saicher.'"' See bulter-cloth, in Kennett's GIossary.

as a fly dothe, or husse, hruire. This waspe bommeth about myne afrayed leste she stynge me." palsg. * " To bounche or pushhe one ; he buncheth me and beateth me, il me pousse. Thou bunchest nie so that I can nat syt in rest by the." palsg. " He came home with a face all to bounced, contusa,'" hor.m, ' The Harl, MS, appears here to be faulty, and the correct reading probal)Iy is, BU.NNE, kyx. See hereafter kyx, or bunnes or drye weed. A.S. bune, Jistula. In Joh. Ardeme's Chirurgica, Sloane MS. 56, p. 3, in a list of French and English names of plants, occurs " chauijnot, i. bunes " the reading should probably be chenevette, which signifies the stalk of hemp. Forby and Moore give bunds or bund-weed, as the name by which in the Easlern counties weeds infcsting grass-land are known. Jamieson e.\plains bune to be the inner part of the stalk of flax, or the core.
'

" To

bomme

eare, I

am

56
barelle,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
botelle, or othere lyke
vessell,

Burton', as

homyd

bestys.

Cor-

(kyx
CATH.

of
c. F.

p.)

Liira,

nupeto, arieto.

BuNTYXGE, byrde. BuRBLox, as ale

Pratellus.
or ojier lykore

BuRTYNGE. Cormipetus, c. F. BuRWHE, sercle (buiTowe, p.)^

Orbiculus,
c. F.

(bm-belyn, p.) BuUo. BuRBULLE, or biu-ble (burbyll, p.)^

Burwhe, towne (bunvth,

H. buiTOwe, p.)

Bulla,

c. F.

k. burwe, Burgus. BuscEL (buschelle, k.) Modius,

Burdon' of a boke. Burdo. BuRRE. Lappa, glis. BuRGEYS. Burgensis. BuRGYX, or burryn as trees.2
Germino, frondo, cath. frondeo, supra.
genijno,

{chomis, buscellus, v.)

BusKE, or busshe.5
mus.

Rubus, dup.)

BuscHOPE (busshop,
BISSHOPPE.

supra

in

BuscHEMENT,
k. p.)
eus, c. F.

OT verement.

Cun-

BuRGYNYNGE

(biirgynge,
(a

Germen, pullulacio.

BuT, or
clothe,
p.)

bertel,

or bysselle (ber-

BuRLE

of

clothe

sell, p.)6

Meta.
Pecten.
p.)

Tumentum, cath. c. f. BuRMAYDEx'.-' Pedisscqua, ancilla.

BuT,

fysche.'''

BuTTOK.
Pello.

JVates, cath. piga.

Burxet

colowre.

netus, Dicc.

Burnetum, burkylw.
(burter, p.)

Button', or caste forthe (butt,

Burtare, beste
nupeta.

Cor-

Buttyr, or botyr Buiurum.

(butture,

k.)

" BuUuulv.s, id est parvus hullio, a burble, tumor aque. Bullio, a wellynge.'" ORT. * " Burble in the water, hubette. To boyle up or burbyll up as a water dothe in a voc. spring, houillonner.'" palsg. " Burryon or budde of 2 " Gramino, to burion, or kyrnell, or sprynge." ort, voc. To burgen, put forthe as a tree dothe his blossomes, lourgonner.''' a tree, lunon.
PALSG. * This word is compounded of A.S. bur, conclave, casa, and maeden, 'puella, a bowermaiden, a ehamber-maid in like manner, as bur-^Jegn signifies a chamberlain. * Burr signifies in Xorfolk, according to Forhy, a mistiness around the moon and in North Britain a halo is termed brugh, brogh, or brough Jamieson suggests from its Ang. S. encircling the moon like the circular fortifications which are also called brugh. The expression, " a burre about the moone" occurs in " Whimheor^, munimentum. The same derivation may possibly apply to zies, or a new cast of Charaoters," p. 173. tlie terms, burr of a lance, which is a projecting circular ring that protected the hand ; as also the burr of a stag's horn, or projecting rim by which it is surrounded close to the
:

head.
^ " A buske, arhustam, clumus, frutex, rubus.'' cath. angl. Buske or boske, as bush was anciently written, occurs in R. Brunne and Chaucer. Spenser uses the word buskets, and boskie is to be found in Shakespeare, Tempest, Act IV, In old French, io.sc and hosche. ROQUEF. Buttes are explained by Bp. Kennet to be the ends or short pieces of land in

arable ridges or furrows.

limes.
'

" Limes, buttynge or

bound

in fields." elyot.

Celtic, but,

Yariell, in

liis

History of Britiah Fishes, observes that the flounder

is

called

at

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Buxum'.!
Obediens.
or lowly or

Caboche.

Curridia,

uo.

in

BuxuM,

make

(lowe

curvo.

or meke, k. p.) Humilis, pius, mansuetus, benignus. BuxuMNEssE, mekenesse and goodlynesse. Humilitas, mansuetudo, benignitas.

Case Case

of closynge. or happe (or

Capsa. chaunce,

p.)

Casus, eventns.

Cadas.2

Bombicinium.

.BuxuMNESSE.
ditio,

Obediencia,

ohe-

Cadaw, or keo, or chowghe (cadowe or koo, k. p. ko, n.y Monedida.

CATH.

Cade
K.

of
p.)

herynge
or
ojjyr

(or

spirlinge,

lyke.*

Cada,

Caban', lytylle howse. Pretoriolum, CATH. c. F. capana.

lacistu,

KYLW.

ligatura.

Cage.
p.)

Catasta.
(catcher,

Cable, or

cabiille,

grete

sliyppe

Cahchare, or diyvare
Minator, abactor.
Ahigo.

(cabyl or schyp roop, h. p.) Oiircula, CATH. currilia, uu. in

curvo, curcidia, restis, rudens.

Cachyn' a-way (catchinge away,

p.)

the name Yarmouth a butt, which is a Northern term but does not occur in the Glossaries of Northern dialect.
;
'

is

likewise given by Pennant,

"

Ne yan sal na raan be boxsome, Ne obedyent to ye kirke of Rome."

Hampole, Prick
of Conscience, Harl.
ib.
f.

MS. 6923,

f.

58, b.

"

And
*

be lofande

to

hym and bouxsome,"

namely, to God,

101, b.

" Boxome.

A.S. bocsum, ohediens. oheissant.'''' palsg. Cadas appears to have signified flocks of silk, cotton, tow, or wool, used for stuffiiig gamboised garments. In the curious poem by Hue de Tabarie, at Middle Hill,entitled " Comenl le jiz Denfu arme en la croyz,'''' is this passage,
obedient,

" Pur ahetoun

Pur cadaz

ly hayle hlaunche char e imre, cotoun de saiuik fu le encusture.''^

MS. Heber, No. 8336.

:

"No yoman, &c. In the petition against excess of apparel, 1463, it is thus mentioned to were in the aray for his body eny bolsters, nor stuffe of woole, coton, or cadas, nor " Cada.s other stuffer in his doubtlet, save lynyng accordyng to the same." rot. parl. " Cadarce ponr fuire capiton., the tow, or coursest part of or crule, saijette.^'' palsg.
silke,

whereof sleaue

is

made." cotgr.

Nares explains caddis

to

be a sort of worsted

lace.
is still the name given to the jackdaw in Norfolk, as Coles and Forby have Palsgrave gives " Caddawe a byrde, c/iz?ca," and Withal renders " Caddow '' nodulus.'''' Monedula, a choughe or cadess." elyot. Keo is from A.S. ceo, See hereafter coo byrde, or sehowhe. cornix. * The quantity of fish contained in a cade is determined by the Accounts of the Cellarist of Berking Abbey, mon. ang. i. 83 "a l)arrel of herrying shold contene 1000, and a cade of herryng six hundred, six score to the hundreth." Palsgrave renders cade In 1511 it appears ',y the etcade ; but the word does not occur in the Dictionaries. Northumberland Household Book, that the cade of red herring was rated at 6*. 4a?., the cade of ' aproytts, 2." The spirling mentioned here was the smelt, called in Frencli esperlan. See hereafter spirly.noe, cpimera.

Caddow

recorded. or dawe,

CAMD. SOC.

)8

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORrM.

Chasyn', or drvye fiir]>e (catcliyn or forth bestis, dryue p.) Mino.

Calke

Calkyn'.!

or chalke, erye. Calx, creta. Calculo.

Cahchpolle,

or

pety-seriawnte.
(catcli-

Callyn' or clepyn'. Voco. Callyn' yn', or owte, be name,

a-^ene, to-gedyr, to mete, quere

Anga7'ius, exceptor, ug. c. f.

Cahchyxge, or hentynge
inge or takyng, k. p.)

infra in clepyn'.

yl^jpre-

hencio, decapcio, cajytura.

Callynge Callyxge Callyxge

place.

or clepynge. or

Vocacio.
a-^ene.

clepynge

CAHCHyNGE,
or
forthe.

or di-ywynge

a-wey

Revocacio.
or clepynge Invocacio.

Minatus,

abactio,

yn

to

CATH.
rOSUS,

ahigo.

Caytyffe.
V(i.

Calamitosus,
BRIT.

dolo-

Callynge

Cake.
c. F.

Torta, placenta, colirida,

libum.

or clepynge to-gedyr. Convocacio. Callyxge or clepynge to mete.

Invitacio.

Cakelyn' of hennys. Gracillo. Cakely^ge, or callynge of hennys.

Gracillacio.

Cakkyx', or

fyystpi'.

Caco, cath.

(Calyox, rounde stone, p.^ Rudus. Hic rudus esto lapis, dwus, pa7iterque rotundus.) Calme or softe,wythe-owte wyBde.
Cabnus,
macia,
c. f.

Calamyxt,

herbe.

Calamenta,

t7^anquiUus.

balsaniita (halsiata, p.) Calexdis (calende, J.) CaUnde.

Calme-wedyr.
c. f.

Malacia,

cal-

Calexdere. Kalendariura, kylw.

Calfe, beste.
Vitidus.

Calkestoke
guderis.

(calstoke, p.)3

Mac. f.

Calfe
c. F.

of a legge.

Sura, cath.

Caltrap, herbe.4
CATH.

Saliunca,

UG. in suo.

calkyll as

Palsgrave gives tbe verb " to calketh {ye?tigat) vpon niy natyuvte." horm. an astronomer dotb wben be castetb a fjgure, calcuhr. I dare nat calkyll for your borse tbat is stollen, for feare of my bysshoppe." See also Paston Letters, i. 114. * In the accounts of the Churchwardens of Walden, Essex, 1466, 7, among the costs of rriaking tbe porch, is a cbarge " for the foundacyon, and calyon, and sonde." Hist. of Audley End, p. 225. Among tbe disbursements for the erection of Little Saxbam hall in 1505, is one to the cbief mason, for the foundation within the inner part of tbe moat, " to be wrougbt with calyons and breke, with foreyns and other necessaries concerning " Calyon, stone, caliou." palsg. the same." Rokewodes Hundred of Thingoe, 141. In the dialeet of Nortbern England a hard stone is temied a callierd. " Marjudens est secwruhis caidis qui ^ " A cale stok, maffucleris.'''' cath. angl.
'

"

He

ealstok." nascitur in iyrso absciso, vel ipse tyrs^i.s abscisus, a koolestocke." ORT. toc. " laagvderis, wortestokk, cauletum, cawlegarthe." In Harl. MS. 1587, occur MED. " Calstocke, kalstocke, j)ie de cTiOU.'^ palsg. In Scotland " castock or kail-castock, tbe Btem of tbe colewort," according to Jamieson. In the Dictionary of Synonyms of names of plants. in Latin, Frencb, and English, Sloan. MS. 5, compiled about the middle of the XVth century, occurs " Saliunca, " CalSpica Celtica, Gall. spile seltic, ^5^. calketrappe." A.Sax. coltrseppe, rhavinus. In Frencb chauf.<e-trappe, according to trops, trihulus, seu carduus stellatus.'''' ski.nner. Cotgrave, signifies both tbe thistle, and the caltrop used in war.
^^"^

PROMPTORIUM PARVCLORUJI.

59

Caltrap of yryn, fote hm"tynge.^ Hamus, cath. c. f. ug. Caltrappyn'. Hamo. Calvur as samoon,or ojjyr fysshe.^ Camamyle, herbe. Camamilla.

'

Cumelua. Camelle, or clianielle. Cammyd, or scliort nosyd.^ Simus,

c. p.

Chammydnesse
p.)

(cammednesse,

Simitas.

" " Caltrapa, a caltrappe." ort. voc. calle trappe, hamics, pedica.'''' cath. angl. Tl>e Catholicon gires the followiiig explanation of kanius : " Dicitur et hamus asser cum
'

clavis qwo sahtegitur terra in vineis sub

thesauros, ut si ali(juando

arhoribw deff.ndendis, vel in domo circa scrinia et fur ingrediatur, vjus pedibus infiffatur." In the contemporary poem deseribing the Siege of Rouen by Henry V. the city is said to have been defended by a deep and wide dike, full of pitfalls, " of a spere of heyth."

" AIso fulle of caltrappys hyt was sette As meschys beth made wythinne a nette." Archajol. xxi.

p. 51.

" They hydde pretely vnder the grounde caltroppys of yron to steke in horse or mennys fete, murices ferreos leviter coiididerunt.'''' HORM. Chaussetrappe is explained by Cotgrave to be an " iron engine of warre made with four sharp points, whereof one, howsoever it is cast, ever stands upward." Among the " municyons and habyllynienta of warre " belonging to Berwick Castle, 1539, occur "15 pece of lettes calteroopes." Archseol. xi. 439. Caltraps are mentioned by Quintus Curtius in the Life of Alexander as having been spread over the ground by the Persians to annoy the Macedonian cavalry. This circumstance is thus described, Kyng Alisaunder, line 6U70
:

"

And

calketrappen maden ynowe, In weyes unJur wode and bowe, Alisaundris men to aqwelle,
synfulliche

And

heom

to spille."

Vegetius calls them fribu/i. A representation of a caltrap, from the Tower collection, will be found in SkeIton's Illustrations of the Armoury at Goodrich Court, ii. pl. 132. The recipe in the Forme of Cury, p. 48, directs for " vyande Cypre of samone, take almandus and bray hem unblaunched, take calwar samone, and seeth it in lewe " salwar salmone ysode." water," &c. See also p. 75 Palsgrave renders " caluer of samon, esciime de saulmon." This term appears to denote the state of the fish freshly taken, when its substance appears interspersed with white fllakes like curd thus in Lancashire the fish dressed as soop as it is caught is termed calver salmon, and in North " Quhen the salmondis Britain caller or callour signifies fresh, according to Jamieson. faillis thair loup, thay fall callour in the said caldrounis, and ar than maist delitious to the mouth." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 11. Calvered salmon is mentioned by Ben Jonson and Massinger as a delicacy and Isaac Walton applies the term to the grayling. R. Holme, however, would make it appear that calver was a term applied to fish dressed in oil, vinegar, and spices. See also Nares. The word " caleweis," which occurs in Chaucer, Rom. of Rose, and has been by the earlier glo.ssarists interpreted as calvured salmon, is in the onginal "' poire de caillouel,'" a sort of sweet pear, calJed by Roquefort
'^
:

caillng, or cailloel.
*

LACOMBE.

This word seems to be taken from the French, Cotgrave renders carnus, flat-nosed.

" camus,

qiii

le

nez court,^'

" Round was

his face,

and carause was

his nose."

chauc. Reve's Tale.

appears to have received a nama, which is given by Elyot, " Candosoccus, a sea-gull, or a camose." See Camy, and Camow-nosed, in JamiesonV Dictionary.
also the sea-gull

Hence

60

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Canel,
or chanelle (in the weye,

or pleyar at foottballe.i Pendihisor, pedipilusor. Campyx'. Pedipilo. Campynge. Pedipiludiam. Campvox, or champyon. Athlefa, pugil, carnpio, cath.

Campar,

H. in the strete, p.)

Canalis,

{aquagium,

p.)

Canvas,

clothe.

Carentirdlla,

NECC. Dicc. canaheus, canalhus, canabus, kylw. canahasium.

Caxcellynge, or strekynge owte

a false word.
K.)
cancer,

Ohelus,
UG.

c. f.

Caxker, sekenesse. Cancer. Cankyr, worme of a tre. Teredo,

UG. in tero, termus, tei-mes,
CaisTjyn', or grncchyn'
c. f.

Cancet, soore or kankere (cankyr,

Pustida,
c. f.

in

puteo,

(canyyn or
(ca-

grochyu, k. chanyyn, H. canyen,

Cakdylle
delahra.

(candell, p.)

Cakdelere.^

Candela. Candelarius, can-

p.)

Murmuro, remimnuro
Canonizatus.

niso, p.)

Canosyzyde.

Ca>'dylrysche (candelrushe, k.)

Papirus, cath.

Caxdelbem' (candell beme,

Lucernarium.

p.)

Candelstykke.
lucernarium,
c. f.

Candelahrum,
Canellus.)

Canonizacion. Canonizacio. Canope.3 Canopeum. Cantel,'* of what euer hyt be. Quadra, ug. minutal. Cantyn', or departyn'. Partior,
divido.

(Caxel

of a belle, k.

Cappe.5
Dicc.

Cappa,

^^iUcurn,
c. f.

cath.
{capa,

Canel, spyce. mum.

'

Cinamomurn, amo-

Campedulum,

K. caracalla, v.)

Forby and Moore have given ample illustrations of the nature of the game at ball day in Norfolk and Suffolk camping the former agrees with Ray; in deriving the word from the A. Sax. campian, prceliari. The eamping-land appropriated
called to this
to this
:

game

oecurs, in several instances, in authorities of the

XVth

century

in Cullum's

candelanus ; maker of candles. See hereafter chawndelere. " Canojmun, reticulum szd/tile factum cle canabo. Canopevm, a gnate nette, rete The Canope alluded to in the Prompqiio culices vel musce excluduntur." dict. 'wilbr. torium was very probably the Vinhraculv.m under which the Sacred Host was carried in " Canapy to be borne over the sacrament, or ouer a the procession on Palm Sunday. Kynges heed, palle, ciel.^^ palsg. See the word canapeum in Ducange. * " Minutal, sl lompe of brede, or cantel.'' ort. voc. " Cantel of bredde, cantel or shyuer, chanieau." palsg.
signifies properly a
'

Hawsted, mention is found, in 1466, of the camping-pightle. ^ Tliis word seems to be taken from the French chandelier, a candlestick

" Of Florentys scheld a kantell

He
The term occurs
also

cleft

thonryght." Octouian, line 1113.

at the Tamewathelan." Hall, in his to Lewis XII. at Paris, in 1514, describes the entry of the Dauphin, whose " apparell and bardes were cloth of golde, cloth of Roquefort syluer, and crymsyn veluet kanteled together." HalFs Chron. 6 Hen. VIII. gives " Ckatitel, un morceau de pain,'' from cantellus. See Ducange, and Mon. Angl. In Xorfolk, to cant is to set a thing up on edge i. 411. see P'orby, Moore, and Nares. ' The " Capa, a priestly vestment generally known as the cope is here inteiided. in

" the Anturs of Arther

account of the marriage of the Princess Mary

PKUMPTORIUM IMRVrLOKUM.
Cappe,
Teria,

61
t-aple, horse.^

or

hure,
c. f.

fur

clerkjs.i

Capul, or
C. F.

Cdbullus,

cath.

Cappe

of a fleyle.2

Mvditentiwi.

Capvne

or capone.

Capo, cath.

COJIM.

(jallinacius.

Capytle, or chapytle, ur captur (capytyll or chapytyll, p.) Cajntulum.

Capteyn. Capitaneus. Caranye, or careyn'.* Cadaver. Care-awey, sorowles (carawey

" A cope." ort. cappe or a cope ; caraculla, a sclauyu or a cape." dict. wilbr. Pillenm, according to the Catholicon, signifies a garment niade of skins, but, in its more usual sense, a covering for the head. In early times the cappa was an ordinary upper garment worn by ecelesiastics indiscriminately, and Ecgbert, Abp. of York, ordained in tho VIHth century that none of the clergy shouid appear in tlie ehurch " sine colobio vel capjjcl.'''' Of the various modifications of this vestuient, and the names by whicli At a later period tliey were distinguislied, a detailed account wiil be found in Ducange. when worn liy prelates and tlie cope was a vestment reserved for occasions of ceremony dignitaries, the ricliest tissues were chosen, and covered with a gorgeous display of jewels, orfrays, and embroidery but its use was not confined to them, for, with the exception of tlie priest ofBciating at the altar, who was vested in the sacred garments appropriated to the service of the mass, the cope appears to have been worn by all tlie assisting clergy, and eveu the choristers. In A. Sax. the name cappa, or cajppa, was adopted from the Latin, probably as early as the mission of St. Augustine, A.D. 601; and a capjia oloserica, one of the gifts of Gregory the Great, was preserved at Canterbury until the Roformation. See hereafter COOpe, caiM. The use of a small cap by the clergy as a covering of the tonsure is one of considerable antiquity; it was usually termed the coif, coi/pha, and tliis term occurs hereafter in the Promptorium. This was identical, as JoL. de Athona asserts, with the teiuv or infulce ; but these appear more properly to have been lappets appended to the coif, and which occasionally were fastened under tlie cliin. At various periods, when the clergy, disregarding strict propriety in demeanour and dress, became assimUated in e.xternals to Thus, in the Council of London the laity, the coif was specially decried by tlie Chureh. in 1 267, the Legate Othobonus ordained that the clergy should never appear in public with the coif, except in travelling, because thereby the corona, or circlet of hair left by the tonsure, was concealed, and tlierein " prcecijJue depositio terrenorum, et reijalis Hure, howe, or See Lynwode, Provinciale, p. 88 sacerdotii dignitas desigiiantur.'" See hereafter howfe, are synonymous, and are derived from A. Sax. hufa, cidaris. HOWE or hure, heed hyllynge, and hwyr, cappe. " Cappe of a flayle, liasse cVun daiau.'''' * " Cappe of a flaylle, cappa.^'' cath. angl.
:

'

PALSO. ' This word, which, as Skinner observes, is evidently a corruption of caballus, is used by Chaucer the Cambridge Scholar exclaims, when the Miller lets his horse loose,
:

"

Why

ne hadst thou put the capell

in the lathe."

Reve's Tale.

" The knyjt kachej his caple and com

to the

lawe."
the

Gawayn and
" Capull, a horae, roMwm."

Green Knyjt,

line

2175.

Cotgrave explains roussin to be "a curtall, a palsg. Elyot gives " Cahallus, a horse ; yet in some partes of England strong German horse." they do call an horse a eable." * This word is written by R. of Gloucester and P. Ploughman caroyne, by Chaucer In the Wicliffite version likewise, Hebr. iii. 17, is rendered, " Whether not to careyne. hem that synneden, whos careyns weren cast doun in desert .'" It is taken from the

French " caroigne, cadavre." roquef.

62
sorweles,
h.

PHOMPTORIU.M PAllVULOUrM.
caraway,
p.

caresic

Cartehow^se
H. p.J)

(carfax, or cartans,

awaye,

vr.)

Tvisticia jxrociil.

Quadrivium.

Cakawav
Carde,

hevbe.

Canc?/,

scribitur in

campo florum. wommaiiys instrmuent.

c. f.

Carkeys. Co7-pvs, cadaver. Carle, or chorle.- Rusticus. Carle, or chorle, bondeman or

Cardus,

discerpiculum.
Cardifactor.

woman.
nativa.

Servus nativus, serva

Carde maker.
Cardyn' woUe.

Carpo.

Cardexale
dincdis.

(cardpiall, p.)

CarCar-

Carlok, herbe.3 Enica. Caral, songe (caroll, p.)"* Palinodium, ug. in pcduri {psalmoCaroolyn',
dium, psabtiodinacio. k.) or synge carowlys (carallyn, p.) Psalmodio (pallinodio, p.)
*

Cardyacle

(cardvakvll, p.)

diaca, ug. in Cardyan.

Care. Tristicia, mesticia, dolor. Care, of h.ert-besynesse (hertlybeSolicitudo. synesse, p.) Solicitor. Caryts:' yn' herte. Carre, carte. Carnis, c. f. currus.

Caroly'nge.

Carpare.
tor,

Palinodiacio. Fabulator, garula-

garula.

Carre, or lytylle cart fat oone hors di'awythe. Monocosmus, cath,

Cary'are.
Vector, vectitor.

Carpyn', or talknr.5
confabulor, garrulo.

Fabulor,

Carpe,

fysche.

Carpus.
Loquacitas,

Caryage.

Vectura, jjortagium,

Carpy^nge.

gani-

cariagium. Caryynge (cariynge, p.) ideui est. cary (caryen, Caryn', or p.) Veho, transveJio. Carytnge vesselle, or iustrument Vectorium, cath. of caiwynge.

lacio, coUocutio.

Cart. Biga, reda, quadriga. Cartare, Bigarius, redarius,

auriga.

Cartyn', or lede wythe a carte.^ CarrucG, cath.

The Harl, MS, gives here cartehowse, which appears wholly erroneous. The word does not occur in the MS. at King's College. Skinner derives the name of the Carfax at Oxford from the French carrefour, or possibly from quatre faces : another
'

derivation has been proposed, from qo.atre voics.

in the Antiq. Repert.
*
iii.

See an

artiele

on the Oxford Carfas,

2(57.

" Harke howe

tlie fat

carle puflfeth, le gros vilai/i." palsg.

A. Sax.

ceorl, carlman,

rusticus.

Gerarde, carlock, charlocke, or chadlocke, is a sort of wild rape or turnip, rapistmm arvorum, now known as the sinapis an-ensis. In Arderne's Practica, however, au.hfoyii, which is properly the corn-flower, is rendered karloke. (Sloan. MS. 56.) A. Sax. cerlice, rapv.m sylcestre. " Eruca, a coleworm or a carlok." ORT. voc. * " " Carole a song, carolle, cJiauson d,e caralle, corea, chorus." cath. a.xgl. Nocl.'''' PALSG. A. Sax. kyrriole, a chanting at the Xativity. Palsgrave gives the verb, " to carpe, Lydgate, this is a farre northen verbe, cclcGower uses it, Conf. Am. lib. vii. (jueter.''''
^

According

to

" So gone thei forthe, carpende On this, on that."

*

fast

The Promptorium does not give again the verb

to lead, as

it

is

here used, in the

PROWPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(Casard, netes donge, p. casen, w.i Bozetum.) Cast, or castyd, Jactatus, j^rojectus.

G3

Caste warke (werkys,

posyn'.

k.) or dysDispono, propono. Castynge, or a caste. Jactus,

jactura.
k. p.

(Caste downe,
tus, projectus.)

Prostra-

Castynge downe,
jectio.

or a-wey.

Pro-

Castyn', or brakpi' (as man owt the stomack, k.)2 Vomo, evomo. Castyn' a-vay. Abjicio, jjrojicio. Castyn', or throwyii'. Jacto, jacio.

Catte,

beste.

Cattus, inureligus,
k.)

pilax, CATH.

Catelle

(catal,

Catallum,

census, cath.

Castyn' downe.

Dejicio.

Caste

pnrpose for to don' any othyr thynge (caste for to go, or any other thinge done, p.) Tendo intendo, cath.
for to goon', or
lootte.

Catyrpel, wyrm' amonge frute.^ Erugo, ug. Caton' or Catvn' (propre name,
P.)^

CatO, CATH.

Caucyon,
cath.

or

wedde.5

Cautio,

Caste

Sorcior.

signification of to carry. Caxton says, in tlie Boke for Travellers, shall lede dong (vieitra) on my land, whan it shall be ered, and on

" Richer the

carter

my

herber (courtil)

whaQ

it

shall be

doluen."

' " Casings, stercus siccum jumentorum, quocl pauperes agri Lincolnierisis ad usum foci collujuHt ; a Teut. Koth, fimus, q. d. cothings." skinner. In the North, according to Brockett, casings, or cassons, are cow-dung dried for fuel. It is still the usage in the neighbourhood of Lynn to employ cow-dung for this purpose. Richards' Hist. i. 80. " The hounde turnyde agen to his 2 The "Wicliffite version renders, ii. Pet. 2, 22, castyng.'" lu Sloan. MS. 100, f. 5, b. is given the following prescription : " For eastinge, For hem that may not browke lier niete. Take centorie, and sethe it in watir, and lete the sike drink it leue warm iii daies, and he sclial be hool, for this medicyn spourgith the brest, and the stomak." ^ " Catyrpyllar, worme, chatte pelleuse.''^ palsg. * In tlie middle ages a metrical system of ethics, entitled " Disticha de moribus ad fHum,'" attributed to Dionysius Cato, or Magnus Cato, had attailTed the highest degree of estimation. It was illustrated by the comments of tlie most learned men of several centuries, and served as a manual for the instruction of youth. It is not certain who was the author ; a translation from the Latin was made about 1480, by Benedict Burgh, Archdeacon of Colchester, for the use of his pupil Lord Bourchier ; and in 1483 Caxton published his translation from a Prench version, entitled " The Booke called Cathon." Chaucer frequently quotes Cato : see Miller's Tale, 3227, Marchaunt's Tale,

says, in the Boke for Travellers, " George tlie booke sellar hath docoures of our La<ly, Donettis, partis, accidents." See Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry, ii. 166, Dibdin^s Typogr. Antiq. i. 195. ' Caucyon may here signify a pledge, as in Palsgrave, " causion, ^iledge, caiition.'' See hereafter w'edde, or thynge leyyd yn plegge. The Catholicon, however, explains cautio to be a simple promise, without oath, pledge, or surety, but idonea cautio implied those additional securities, It is further interpreted to be a writing, as Papias says, " Cautio est breve recordationis chirographum. Unde in Evang. Luc. : Accipe cautionem tuam.'' In tho Wicliffite Version this passage is rendered " and he seide to him, take thy caucioun and wryte fifty." Luke xvi. 6.

9261.

Caxton

trinals, catons,

64

PROMPTORIOM PARVULORUM.
Vitelltvm,

Cawdelle.1

caldea-

Cecynge (cecenynge,
sacio.

h. p.)

Ces-

rktm, caldellum, et lioc nomen habetur in commentario Johannis de Gara (ptds, ofasium, p.) Cawdron, vesselle (cavdiyn, h.) Cacabus, caldaria, lebes, cath. Cawcewey (cavuce, k. h. cawcy Calcetum. wey, p.)Cawse (skyll, K.) or encliesone Causa. (cause or cawze, H.)

Ceede Ceede

(ced, H.)

Semen.

of corne, as kymel.^

GraSe-

num, semen. Cedyn', as come or herbe.

mento, cath. Cedyr, drynke.
Cisera.

Ceed lepe,
Cedye,
tree.

or hopyr.^

Satorium

(satitolum, h. p.)

(Cavtele, or

sleyte,

k. h.

caw-

tele or sleight, p.^

Cautela.)

Cege
dile.

of (for, p.)

Cedrus. syttynge.

Se-

Cee. Mare, fretum, pontus. Cek, or cekclothe, or poke. Saccns. Cec, or seeke (ceke, or sekenes,
p.)

Cege. of enmyes a-bowte a

or cyte.
corus.

castelle

Cechelle.
Cecyn'.

Infirmus, eger, languidus. Saccellus.

Cesso.

Obsidium. Cegge, or wylde gladone.^

Ac-

Cegge, or

stare.'''

Carix,

c. f.

" Caldarium, a eawdell." ort. voc. Palsgrave renders it chaxaleov, which, aocording was " bouillon qu^on donnoit aux epo-ux le matin du lendemain des noces, In Caxton's Boke for Travellers occur as "Potages. Caudell for calens jvsculum.''^ Growell and wortes." Skinner and Junius interpret it to be merely the seke, ckaudel. a spicy drink but in the ancient terms of cookery cawdel signifies generally anything stewed down to a puree ; see in the Forme of Cury, pp. 24, 27, " Ciiykens in cawdel, cawdell ferry ;" and in Cott. MS. Julius, D. viir. f. 100, " Caudelle of samone, caudelle of muskles." See further, cahuum, in Charpentier. * Cawcewey is derived directly from the French ckanssee, a word taken, as Menage and other writers have olaserved, from the Latin calciata, so called, as some conjecture, from its being continually trodden, via calcata, but probably rather from the mode of forming such a road, with stones imbedded in mortar, via calreata, from calx, lime. See Spelman, Ducange, an^ Kennet, under the word calcea. There was a causeway at Lynn leading to Gaywood, on wliicli was situated the Hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, and among the benefactors to the Hospital of St. John Baptist occurs LU' ketel Jilias sanctitnonialis de Sceringes, who grants " totani terram in Linne su^Hr calcetam,'''' Mon. Ang. vi. 648, new edit. Palsgrave gives " Causey in a hye way, ckausee." " cavtelle, a wile, cautell, sleiglit, guilefull devise, subtilty." ^ Coigrave renders
'

to Roquefort,

Fabyan relates that, in 1448, the town of Pont-de-1'arche was taken by the " cautele " of tlie Frenchmen, wlio introduced two men disguised as carpenters and Hail, speaking of the same occurrence, calls it " a praty cautele and sliglite imposture." In Elyot's
;

Librarie occurs " Offacia, cawtelles, crafty wayes to deceyue." * See hereafter ktrnkl of frute, granum. ^ In Norfolk the basket carried by the sower is still called a seed-lep. forby. A. Sax. saed-Ieap, semi natoris corlis. See hereafter hopur, and seedlep. See hereafter SEGGEof the fenne, orwyld gladone. A. Sax. secg, gladiolus. Nares explains segs to be the water flo\ver-de luce. " Glayeul de riviere, sedge, water flags." cotgr. " The name sedge is now applied indiscriminately to the genus carex, which, probably from the stitTncss of its growth, was called also stare. In Su. G. it is denominated starr.

PROMPTOniUM PARVULORUM.
(Cege, or
preuy, p. cathacumba.) Ceyle of a schyppe, Velum, carbasus.

05
(cell

Latrina,
or mjlle.

Ceelle, or stodyynge howse

Cella. or stody hows, p.) Celer. Cellarium, promptuarium.

Celerere
c. f.

of

]?e

howse.

Cellerar-

Ceyl yerde. Ceylyn vpon'

Ceylynge.

Antetina,

watyr.

Velijico.

Velijicacio.

(Cek, sirpra in cec, p.) Ceekenesse. Injirmitas,

tudo.

promus {promptuarius, p.) Celidonia. Celydony, herbe. Celyn' letters. Sigillo. Ceelyn' wythe syllm-e.^ Celo.
rus,

egri-

Cellyn',

Vendo.

Cekyn', or wexe seke.

egroto.

Infirmor,

Cekyn'.

Quero, inquiro. Cekyjj', or serchyii'. Scrutor.

Cellynge. Vendicio. Celwylly, infra quere in selwylly. Efrenatus. Ceem, of a clothe (or other lyke, p.)
Sutura.

Ceel

(ceall, p.)
i.

Sigillum.

Ceme,
Ven-

or qnai'ter of corne.

Quar-

Ceele,
ditus.

solde (celde, h. p.)

(celdoin, p.)

terium.

Cemely, or -comely
Raro.
Decens.

yn syghte.
wyse

Ceeldam

Ceel, fysche. Porcus marinus. Cele, or ceele, tyme.i Tempus.

" qmnn herba and stare.

Cemely,

or

on
p.)

seemely

(comly wyse,

Decenter.

Isl. stdr,

sit

perqiiam

rigida.''''

ihre.

See hereafter segge, star

of, the

fenne,
'

signifying time, or season, from A. Sax. sael, opportnMitas. already in the Promptorium. See hereafter seel, tyme. ^ The Catholieon explains ceh to signify sculpere, p)i>(g(rc,

Ray, in his East Country Words, and Forby, have reeorded the use of the word seal, barlysele haa occurred

and celamen or celatiira, Lydgate, in tlie Troye Boke, uses the word celature sculptured or painted decoration. It appears doubtful whether the to describe vaulted work of an elaborate charaeter. verb to cele, and the word eeiling, wliich is still in familiar use, are derivable from ccelo, or may not be traced more directly to coelurii and the French ciel signifying not only tbe liangings of vaulting or ceiling, but also the canopy or ha.ldaquin over an altar estate over a throne, which are sometimes termed dais, from the throne being placed in and, lastly, the canopy belonged the part of the apartment to which that name properly of a bed, " celler for a bedde, ciel de lit.'''' palsg. Gervase of Dover uses the term in his graphic description of the conflagration of Canterbury Cathedral in 1174, occasioned by sparks having been carried by the wind, and lodged between the roof and the interior " ccelum inferius eyregie depictum, superius vero tabulce plumbecB vaulting of the church igiiem interius accensum celavertcn.t.'''' Twysden, Hist. Angl. Script. 1289. Thomas Stubbs, among the benefactions of Aldred, Archbishop of York 1061 1070, records that " totam ecclesiam a preshyterio usque ad turrim ah antecessore suo constructam, superius opere pictorio quod ccelum vocaiit, auro multiformiter iniermixto mirahili arte construxit.^'' Ibid. 1704. The word had a still further signification, denoting not merely the decoration of the vaulting or roof of a chamber, but also the wainscot-work upon the walls. Thus Horman says, " These wallys shal be celyd with cyprusse. Tlie
;
; :

rofe shal be celed vautwyse and with cheker work." SELYN wythe sylure. CAMD. SOC.

Soe hereafter sylure of

valle,

and

fi6

rROlNIPTOr.IUM PAEVULOEUJr.

Cemelynesse. Decencia. Cemy, or sotelle (siibtyll,

Subtills.

p.)

Cemely, or sotely. SvUiliter. Cemelyn', or lykyn' (cemlyn,

cemblen, p.)
Assimulo.
or appareii'.

Cendel. Sindon. Cendyn' by massage. Mitto. Cendynge. Missio. Cene, or besene. Ap^ixirens, manifestus.

h.

Cemyn, schowyn
j)areo.

Ai:>-

Ceene of clerkys.i Sinodus, cath. (A sancto sinodo redeunt bwse

sine nodo, p.)

Cemyn,

or becemyn.

Dccet.

Cengvlle
gularis.

(cengylly, h. p.)

Sin-

Cemyxcje, or a cemys (or cemys, Apparencia. p.) Cemynge, or hope (n) schowynge (opyn, K. H. open, p.) Apparens. Cknse, or incense, or rychelle. Incensum, tJius.

Ceny, or tokyn. Sigmim. Ceny, or tokyn of an in or ostrye.^

Texera, cath. tessera,
c. f.

Centence. Sentencia. Ceptvr, or mace.

clava.

Ceptnnn,

Censere.
him, CATH. Censyn', or
llmrifico.

llturibulmn,
caste

ignibusensere.

pe

Ceercle. Circulus, girus, c. f. Cercle, clepyd the snayle, as of pentys, and other lyke.^ Spira,
VG. in spacium.

(Crnsinge,

p.

Thvrificatio.)

-" A seyne, sinodus, est congregacio clencorvm.'''' cath, angl. Ceene or a synod from the Frencli " senne, assemllee de ejens cVEglise ; de canaculvm, liev. d'assemhlee, suivant Barluzan.'''' koquef. Sene is esplained by Cotgrave to be " a Synod or " Cene of clerkes, conassembly of curates before tlieir Ordinarie or Diocesan." 'iiocation," PALSG. In the Legenda Aurea mention is made of thc " Ceene of Calcydone." f. xxvi. - Tessera is rendered in the Ortus " a dyce,'" and texera has the same meaning the Catholicon, however, gives another explanation, " Texere dicuntur lapides quadrati ad iiiodum talonim, nnde jmvimenta sternuntur." There can be little doubt that the token of an inn here referred to is the ancient sign of the chequers, scaccarium, tlie chessboard or playing-tables. It has been questioned whetlier this symbol denoted in England, as it did where it occurs at Pompeii, a house of entertainment where play was p/"aetiscd, or rather had its origin in tlie painted lattices at the doors and windows, which, as has been affirmed, were part of the external indications of an hostelry as late as 1700. The ordinary use of such lattices is mentioned by Harrison in his description of England. " Of old tinie our countrie houses in steed of glasse did vse much lattise, and that made either of wicker or fine rifts of oke in checker-wise.'" B. ii. c, 12, in Holinshed. Among the deeds and benefactions of Thomas Chillenden, Prior of the church of Canterbury from 1390 to 1411, it is recorded in the obituary, " in civitate Caniuarice 'iinvm, Bospitivm famosum, vocatum le Chel-er, nohiliter (Edificavit: in eadem cvcitate Huspitium de la Crowne." ang. sacra, i. 143. The " red lattice" is aterm often used to Fignify an ale-house Shakespeare alludes to it, Hen. IV. pt. ii, it oecurs in Marston, Cliapman, and other early drumatists, and Massinger speaks of the " red grates next tlie door" of a tavern. Of this and other inn-signs see Brand's Popular Antiq. ii. 247, Gent. Mag. xl. 403, Ixiii. 531, Ixiv. 797. ^ Tlie term lelix was applied to denote the volute of a capital ; but here it seems ptissible that the tcrm relates to a spiral or newel stairoase. Thcre was, however. a
'

is

PROMPTOIUUM 1'AUVnLORUM.
Cergyn, supra
tor,
iii

G^

cekyn'.
k.

ScruI

Cesun,

or

yevc

sesenynge

yn

rimor.

londe, or otlier goodys.

Cesino.

Ceerciiynge
ynge, h.
scrutacio.
p.)

(cergyn,

cerg-

Scrittinium, per-

Cesonyd," yn tyme (cesynde in tyme, or other suche lyke, p.)

Temjiestus, teinpestivus, UG.

Ceriaatot,

Iiulagator.

Ceriawnt

Apparitor, of inacc. angarins, cath. Ceryn' and diyyn', as trees or herbys. Areo, marceo. Cbreiowre (ceriore, k. ceriowre,
p.)

Cette, or putt. Positus. Cettyn', or puttyn' (plantyn,

Planto.

p.)

(Cettyn, or pntten, p. Pono.J Cettynge, leynge, or puttynge.

Posicio, collocacio.

ScrutMor, jyerscrutator.
Seriositas.

Cettynge, or plantynge.
tacio.

Plan-

Ceryows. Certayne,
cums.

or sekyr.
Certe.

Certus, se-

Cetewale,

Certenly.
Cerva^^^nte.

herbe (cetuall, p.) Zedorium, dicc. Cethyn' mete. Coquo, decoquo.

Ceruycyable
Servilis.

Servus, vernaculus. (ceruysable, p.)

alle

Ceware

at

mete.i

Depositor,

dapifer, sepulator.

Ceruycyable, or redy
Obsequiosus.

waye.

Cewe. Sepulatuin. Cewyn' (yn halle, p.)

Cepulo.

Ceruyce.

Servicium, obsequium.

Servio, famulor. Ceruyn'. Cessio. Cessyone.

Cesterne, or cysterne.
C. F.

Cisteriia,

Cesun', or tyme.

Cesone

in londe, or ofyr takynge. Seisina.

Tempus. go(o)d

(Cesyn, supra in Cecyn, p.) Cesyn' (cesun, p.) or welle aray Tempero. inete or diynke.

Cevene, nunibyr. Septem. Cevyn hundryd, Sep)tingenti. Cevyntene. Septeindecem. Cevyntye. Septuaginta. Ceventymes, Septies. Cexe, Sex. Cex hhndryd, Sexcenti. Cexty. Sexaginta. Cextene, Sedecim. Cexteyne (cyxten, J, n.) Sacrista,

cath.
Sacristia.

Cextrye.

military engine, a variety of the testudo, used in battcring walls, to whicli the name of the snail is given in the curious version of Vegecius, made at the bidding of Sir Thomas " The gynne that is clepede the snayle or the welke is a frame made of Berkeley, 140S.

of goode tyniber, shaped square, keuerede and hillede alle a-boute wythe rawe liydes, or wythe feltes and heyrcs, for drede of bryunyng. This gynne hath wythe in hym a grete beme meuabely liangede wythe ropes, the wliiche beme may wythe draughte of meu wytha-in be drawe bacward, and let fle wythe his owene pais forewarde to tha walle, and This gynne is cleped te snaile, for righte as \>e snaile 80 astonye and shake the walle. hath his hous ouer liym wliere he walkethe or restethe, and oute of his hous he shetethe his hede whan he wolle, and drawethe hym inne a-yene, so doth tliis gynne." B, iv, c, xiv, Itoy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. HJ.5. See hercaftor seware, sew, and bEwv.v.

68

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Quere plura vocahula habencia
in

(Chafyn,

or

rubbyu,

k.

h.

p.

primd sillahd in S litterd, uhi

liunc

sonum C,
irii-

Frico, confrico.)

sequitur

mediate S. Chace of tenys

lyke.

Chafynge. Confricacio. Chafowre, pauue (to make

haudys, h.)
Scutra, cath.

liot

pley,

Sistencia,

or o])yr obstaculum,

Chafowre,
riuni.

to

make whote

obiculum (fuga, p.) Cacchyn' a-way (chas aAvay, p.)

thyuge as watm-.

Calefactoh.)
Catlie-

Fugo,
tio,

agito, abigo, effugo.

Chavere
dra.

(chay^er,

Chacynge a-wey.
effugacio.

Fxigacio, abac-

Chalaunge,
p.)-

or cleyme (chaleuge,

Chaffe. Palea. Chaffare.i 3Iercimonium, mercatum, commercium. Chaffaryn'. Negocior, mercor. Chafferynge. Mercacio, mercatus, negociacio, negocium. Chaffenette, to take byrdys. Reciaculum, comm. Caffykche, byrde (cliaffyuclie, K.) Furfurio, c. f.

Vendicacio.

Chalengyn', or cleymyiT.
dico.

Venlie-

Chalengyn', or vudyrtakyn'.^
p)reliendo, deprehendo.

or vuduruemynge. Improperium, vituperium. Chalys. Calix. Chalke, supra in calke (cals, K.) Chalun (or chaloue, k. h.) bedde
clothe.4

Chalangynge,

CHAFYN',or lietyu'. Calefacio,frico.

Thorale, chalo.

'

eintre.

Chaffare or merchandise is a word derived by Lye from the Alamannic chauphen, See Junius. Gautier de Bibelesworth says,

"

Ly

Mais
It

lyure (a pound) sert en marchaundye, (chaffare) le lyure (J^e bok) nous aprent clergy.'''' Arund.

MS.

220.

occurs not unfrequently in Chaucer and Gower. In 14il a complaint was made by the King's tenants of the forest of Knarcsborough, that the Archbishop of Yorli prevented their coming to Kipon, " so that none might utter their caffer, wherewith to pay " ChalJre, his (the King's) farme att tearmes accustomed." Plumpton Corresp. p. liv. ware." palsg. " Chalenge or cleyme." 2 " Calenge, dispvie, contradiction, contesfation.'''' roquef. PALSG. In the Wicliffite version, Jerem. vii. 6 is rendered, " If ye maken not fals caleng to a comelyng, and to a faderless child, and to a widewe." ^ Tbe distinction is here clearly made between the two significations of the verb to challenge. Thus also Cotgrave explaius " Ckalangcr, to claime, cliallenge, make title unto also to accuse of, charge with an offence." Robert of Gloucester, Brunne, and Chaucer use the word in the former sense. " To chsila.nge, vendicare, calnmpniari. " Calanger, accuser, dis^juter, demanclcr, etre en chalange, cahanjynia." cath. AiNgl. " The tribune dredde lest the iewis wolde take him bi the conriuerance." EOQULf. waie and sle him, and aftirward be myght be cbalengid as he hadde take money." Wicliffite version, Dedis, c. 23. * Cholo or clw.lonus is explained by Ducange to be " pars supellectilis lecti, straguli rjteacs." In the Mon. Angl. ii. 720, chahms are thus mentioned, " ant j)annos pictos, fjm vocantv.r chaluns, loco lectisternii." The word occurs in Chaucer, Reves Tale.
:

ruOMPTOKIUM rARVULORUM.
(Chamell, Champyon,
best, k. p. Camelus.)

69
Negociator,
mei^ca-

Chapman.3
p.

or

campyon,

k.

tor.

Cctmpio, atleta, pugil.)

Chapmanhode.
p.)

(Chamlot,

clotlie, p.)

Chanelle
strete.

(or

canell,

of a

Catialis, aquarjium, c. F.

Mercatus, uo. Carbo. Chare.* Curms, quadriga, petorica, c. f. pilentum, c. f. bel-

Ch arcole (or charkole, p. )

Chanone.

Chanonicus.
(slieede,
k.

Chape

of a scliethe

Charge.
lyke.

schede, h.)'

Spirula.

comm. {reda, p.) Cura, onus. Chargyd wythe byrdenys, or

giga,

o])yr

Chapell. Capella. Chapeleyne. Capellanus,

Capelet
pellus.

(chapelet, k. h.)
k. chaj)ytle, h.

Cacha-

(Chapyttyl,
petyll, P.2

Capitulum.)

Onustus, oneratus. Charya^^t^t. Onerosus. Chargyn wythe byrdenys, or oj^yr ])yngys. Onero. Chargyn', or gretely sett a thynge to herte. Penso.

"

And
With

in his

shetes

owen chambre hem made a bedde and with chalons faire yspredde."

" A Tyrwhitt thinks they were probably so called from having been made at Chalons. In an Inventory taken at the Hospital of chalone, amphitaiietum." cath. angl. St. Edmund, Gateshead, 1325, tliere occurs, " In Choro, Uimiu frontale de Chalonns."
AVills
'

and Invent. Surtees

Society,

i.

22.

"Chape of a knyfe, vomellus.'" cath. angl. " Chape of a shethe, bonteroUe de gayne. To chape a sword or dagger." palsg. The word is derived from tlie Freneli
cAa^j^je,

correctly " vuginie mucro

but Skinner more sword was a badge assumed by the De la Warr family, in memorial of the part taken by Sir Roger de la Warr, at Poitiers, 1356, in the capture of John Kiiig of France, when he took possession of the royal

which Cotgrave explains

to be " the loeket of a scabbard,"

ferreus.''''

The chape

of a

sword.
2 ^

"
"

A chapitrj'e, cajntulum.'"' cath. angl. A chapman, negociator, et cetera ubi a merchande. A

niercari,

chapmanware, vendihilis. To chappe, " Chsipman, marchantjChallani." palsg.

*

nundinari,

chapmanry, negociacio. A negociari,'''' cath. angl.

Ang. S. ceapman, mercator. Tlie term chare seems to have been the earliest appellation in England of vehicles used to convey persons of distinction. It has been derived from the Anglo-Saxon cyran,

but probably we derived both the vehicle and its appellation from France, where, as early as 1294, the use of the char had beeome so prevalent that it was forbidden to the wives of citizens by an ordinance of Philippe le Bel. A description of the rich chare prepared for the Princess of Hungary will be found in the Squyr of low degree, EIIis's Specimens, vol. i., and is beautifully illustrated by an illumination in theLouterell Psalter, executed in the reign of Edward II. See Mr. Rokewode's valuable paper in the Vetusta Mon. vol. vi. plate xx. A variety of representations are also given by Mr. Markland, with his remarks on the early use of carriages in England, The appellation chare continued in use in the XVIth century. Archaeol. xx. 443. Horman says, " The quyene came in a chare, pilento. He came in a ehare or a wagen.'' It occurs in Hall and Fabyan ; and in Strype's Memoirs, Edward VI. 1557, is mentioned a " chair drawn by six chariot horses."
vertere ;

70

PBOMPTORIUM PAKVULORUM.
Charmyn'. Charmyn',
S2:)ekyn'.

Chargyn', relckyn' or yeve tale (reckyn or jeuyn tale, h. rechen, or gyue tale, p.) Curo. Charyett, siipra in chare.i

Incanto. begylyn', Fascino.

or

for-

Charyetter.

Aurigarhis, quadrigarius, cath. redarius, Charyn a-way, supra in cacchyn'.2 Charyn, or geynecoppi' (a^encath. stondyn, k.) Sisto,
ohsto.

Charmynge, idem quod charme. Charnel, or clieruel. CarnaiHum. Chartere. Carta.

Chaaste. Castiis. Chastyzed. Castigatus. Chastyzyn'. Castigo. Chastysynge. Castigacio. Chastysowre. Castigator.

Charyoavre, vesselle.3 Catimim. Charyte. Caritas. Charkyn', as a carte, or barow, Arguo, or o]5yr thjnige lyke.^
UG. alii dicunt stridere.

Chastysowre

an berytli pat instrumcnt of chastysynge, to

make

pees.

Castifer.

Pejw, Charlet, dyscliemete.5 KYLW, Charlys, propyi' narae. Carolus. Charme. Incantacio. Charmyd. Incantatus. Charmyd, or bygylyd, or forspekyn.
Fascinatus, cath.

Chastyte. Castitas, pudicicia. Chateryn'. Garrio. chawlbone Chavylbone, or (chaule bone, p.)^ Mandihula. Chawmbyr, or chambyr. Carnera, thalamus.

Chawmbyrleyne.
cubicularius.

Camerarius,

Chawnce,
casus.

or

happe.

Eventus,

' " Basterna, est tkeca niamialis vel itimris, a carre, or a chareot, or horslytter.'' In the Catholicon Basterna is explained to be " vehiculus itineris, quasi ORT. voc. vesterna, quia mollibus vestibus sternitur, et a duobus animalibus trahitiir, uhi nobiles femine deferu/dur." " Charryet, chariot, branlant.'''' palsg. * "To chare, vbi to chase." cath. angl. A. Sax. eerran, vertere. ^ " Parapsis, discas, sive vas ex omni jMvte halens latera equalia, a platter, or a dobler, Lanx, latus discus, a charger." ORT. voc. " Charger, a great platter, or a charger. " One swanne is ynoughe to fyll a charger. This fysshe fylleth unff grant plat.'''' palsg. a charger, namozanum opplet.'''' horm. * Gower uses this word to e.xpress the creaking of a door, Conf. Am. lib. iv.

" There

is

no dore, which maie charcke."

as

Compare chyrkyn,
strideo.
^

sibilo,

cherkyn, or chorkyn, or fracchyn

stridere.

newe

cartys or plowys,

Ang. Sax. cearcian,

be found directions for making "charlet, and appears to have been a kind of omelet, sometinies compounded with minced pork. Pegge derives the term from the French chair. Pepo is explained, however, in the Ortus, as " hei-ba quedam, i. melo, or mortrews, et est similis cucurIn the

Forme

of Cury, p. 27, will

charlet yforced."

It

bite."
chafte, a chawylle, a chekebone, maxilla, mala, faux, mandub-ila, rnandula, " Chawe bone, machovere." palsg. cath. angl. In the Latin-Engli.'*h Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 140, occurs the word '^ broMcus, a. gole, or a chawle."
*

"

raola.'^

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOniTM.

71

Chauncel. Cancelhis, cath. Chauncelek. Cancellarms.

thinge for a-nothere.'* Camhium,

DICC.

Chauncemele
Chauncepe,
(chaucepe, cath.

(chaviicemely, k.)i

Chawniore
p.)

Subtelaris, c. F. cath.

of money (chaungere, Camhitor, camsor {camp-

or

schoynge horne
Parcopollex,

sor, p.) trapezeta, nicc.

p.)2

Chawnterte, Cantaria. Chawntynge.5 Discantus, cantus organicus.

Chauncerye. Cancellaria. Chawndelere.3 Cerarius, cath. Chawngvn', Muto, pennuto. Chawngyn', or roryn', supra in
barTeryn',
CHA-v^TfGYNGE.
et

Chawnton'.

Cha^\TsTowre.

infra in roryn'.

Discanto, organiso. Cantor. Cawepys, or chavepys, or strangury, sekenesse. Stranguria.

Mutacio,

per(ro-

Chep, or hap

(chefe,

p.)

For-

mutacio, commutacio. Chawngynge, or yeuynge ryng, k. h. ronnge, p.)

tuna, eventus.

oone

Chefe, or princypale. Precipuus. Chek. Scacfifactio, scaccatus.

" Suhtelaris, vnder the hele," ORT. voc. similar explanation is given in the Catholicon, with this addition, " Sotula^- autem vel sotularis nihil aliud est, ut dicil Maf/ister Bene. sed aliqid contranum dicunt.'''' ^ The Catholicon gives the following explanation, " Parcopollex, i. tramellura,'''' which is properly a thimble ; cliauncepe appears to be a corruption of the Frencli chaussepied.] ^ Of the office of the chandeler in the household of a great lord, see the curious poem appended to the Boke of Curtasye, written about the time of Henry VI. Sloane MS.
'

1986,

f.

46, b.

"

Now

speke

I wylle

a lytulle whyle

Of the chandeler wyth-outen gyle, That torehes and tortes and preketes con make,
Perchours, smale condel,
I

vndertake."

maker of candles, but the candlestick, from the French chandelier. Thus in the Legenda Aurea mention oceurs of a " chaundeler or candylstycke," f. vii. b. See above candelere, and the word chandler in Jamieson. * See hereafter rooryn or chaungyn on chaffare for anothef, camhio.
Chandler
signified not only the
* It has been stated that the usage of chanting in the English churches was introduced by Osmund, Bishop of Sarum, 1090 but we learn from Bede that Benedict, Abbot of Wereniouth, brought Abbot John, the arch-chanter, frora Ronie to this country about A.D. 678, at which period Archbishop Theodoric, a Greek by birth, made a visitation of the whole island, and caused instruction to be given in the art " sonos cantandi in ecclesin,'''' until then known only in Kent. Bede states even that at an earlier period in the same century Paulinus left at York James the Deacon, who was " cantandi in ecclesia peritissivuis," and who " magister ecclesiastice cantionis juxta morem Romaaorum,
;

seu Cantnariorum JHultis c(epit existere." Bede, lib. ii. 40. See also lib. iv. 3, and V. 20, and the appendix, edit. by Smith, p. 719. The most important treatises on the subject of Church Music are those of St. Nicetus in the Vlth century, and Aurelian in eurious notice of the IXth, subsequent to the great change introduced by St. Gregory. the ancient system of notation has been given among the " Insfructions du Comite His" deschaunt" was among toric/ue. Chanting or CoUeclion de documents inedits." 1839. the practices violently opposed by AVickliffe, as was all Church-melody by the innovators of a later period.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Cheke, Ilaxilla^ fans, gena, mala. Chekebone, snpra in cliav)'lbone. Chekenyd, or qwerkenyd (chowked or querkeued,
tus, strangulatus.

Cheep
p.)

p.)

Sufocap.)

(chep or pryse, k. chepe, Frecium. Chepyn'.2 Licitor, ug. in liceo, prepalmito. LiChepynge, or barganynge,
citacio, stipulacio.

Chekenynge (chowldnge,

or

Suffocacio. qwerkenynge. Chekyn', or qwercliyii' (querken,

p.)

Suffoco.

Cheere. Vultus. Ceras^m. Chery, or chery frute. cerpeta Petrilla, Cheristone,

(^ceripetra, p.)

Chekkyn' (checken, p.) ficO, KYLW. ChekkynCxE (checkynge,

catus, supra.

Scactip.)

Cherytre.
Scac-

Cerasus.

Cheryn', or

make good

chere,

Chekyr. Scaccarium. Chekrye, as cloJ)ys and

thynge (chekered,
riatus.
p.)

o\\v Scacca-

Hillaro, exhillaro, letifico. Cherelle, or charle (chm-le or Rusticus, rusticacarle, p.)

nus.

Cherlyche
tabnlle. fysche.^

or charlysche (churRusticalis.
k, cherlyschely, h.

Chekyr,

Scaccarium,

lisshe, p.)

stipadium, cath.

(Cherlichly,

Chelynge,

churlisshly, p.

Rusticaliter.)

Cheyne

(chene, p.) Cathena, hoia. Cheynyn', or put yu cheynys.

Cherlyche, or charlyche preste

(churlisshe
prest,
p,)^

^go,

Catheno.

CATH. vel

eco, c. f.

" Morus, quidam piscis, a hadok, a ' kelynge, mo'i-ds, piscis est.''^ cath. angl. At tlie intlironization feast of Abp. Nevill, 1464, kelynge, or a codlynge." ORT. voc. Acthere was served " Kelyng, codlyiig, and hadocke boyled." (Leland CoU. vi. 6.) cording to Ray, the keeling is the same as the cod-fish. * " To chepe, taxare. In Caxton's Boke for TraChepe, precium.'"' cath. angl, vellersa servant who is sent to market is thus directed " So chepe for us of the venyson, " To bargen, chepe, bye and sell, marPalsjtave gives the verb si nous largaigne.'"' Go cheape a cappe for me, and I wyll come anone and bye it." Ang. Sax, chander. The foUowing use of the substantive occurs in the Will of Sir John ceapian, negotiari. " I wille )?at my brothere William haue ^e landes and rentys bettir chepe Lumley, 1420 ^en any othir man, by a reasonable some." Wills published by the Surtees Society, i. 63. Caxton, in the Boke for Travellers, says, " He byeth in tyme and at hour, so that he hath
:
:

"A

not of the dere chepe,

3

dit chier marchiet.'"'

In the Glossary of sacerdotes rnstici." cath. Vllth century, occur, " Econes, sacerdotes rustici. Egones, sacerdotes rusticonim." The compiler of the Promptorium was a Friar-Preacher, and the insertion of this word may possibly be attributed to the contentious feeling which The illiterate condition, subsisted between the monastic orders and the secular clergy. however, of the rural or " uplandish" clergy brought them generally into contempt, and occasioned their receiving the nick-name " Sir John," and other appellations of invidious
dicit

" Ut

Papias, Egones

sunt

St. Isidore of Seville,

who

lived in the

obloquy.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

73
Electio.
p.)^

Chersydde
Chersyn'.!

cherisshed, p.)

h. (cheryschyd, Fottis, nutntus.

Chesynoe, or choyse. Chesypylle (chesible,

sula.

Ca-

Foveo. Chersynge (cherschyng, u, cherisshiuge, p.)

Castany,

frute

Focio, nutricio.
Cerifoliuin,

(chesteyne, p.)

idem. or tre, Castanea.

Chervell,

herbe.

apiwn, risus.

Cherwyn', or

tetyn' (chervyn or

fretyn, h. cheruen or freten, p.)

Cheste. Cista. Chesun, or cawse (chesei^ p.)* Causa (^occasio, p.) Chete for the lorde. Caducum,
c. F.

Torqueo, cath. Chervy'nge, or fretynge

confiscarium, fisca.
Confiscor, fisco, uo.

in

J)e

Chetyn'.

wombe.

Torcio, c. f.

Chetynge.
Chetow^re.
tadia, c.f.

Confiscacio. Confiscator,

Chese. Caseus. Che8SE.2 Scaccarium. Chesebolle.3 Papaver,

cadu-

carius, cath.

Cheuerelle,
lether, p.)6

leddare

(cheueler

Chesekake.
turia, UG. in

Ortacius,
tigro

ortoca-

{artocaseus,

Cheuetun,

or ledar,
p.)

or capteyn' Capecerius,
c. F.

artocira, p.)

(chefteyne,

Chesefatte.

Casearium, fiscina.
Elicio.

capitaneus, stratiles,

Chesyn'. Eligo. Chesyn', or cuUyn' owte.

Chevyn, or thryvyn'.7

Vigco.

Chew

mete.

Mastico.

'

"To

cherische or dawnte, &^ac^i<}'actore." cath. anq. See above chekyr. " A chesse bolle, papaver, ciiiohis.''' cath. ang. Papiever, MS.

The Promptorium

herha somnifera, Anx/lici a chebole." " Ciieese bowls, jlores papaveris hort. a similituditie aliqud vasculorum caseaceorum sic dicli.'''' skinner. See the words Chasbol and Chesbow in Jamieson. '^ Casida, " chesabylle, casida, infala, planeta.'''' Cath. ang. a chesuble." ORTus. At the Reformation there was still preserved at Canterbury among the vestby St. Gregory tt) Augustine A.D. 601, " casula ments supposed to have been sent olosnrica 'purpurei coloris aurea textura, et lapidihus superius a parte posteriori ornata.'"' Bede, App. p. 691. 5 The Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. gives in relation to suits at law, Causa, occasio, preiextus, cheson." See hereafter enchesone, or cause. " Acheisoii, encheison, occasioa heureuse, plaiiUe, querelle." roquef. In low Latin, " acheso, occasio, lis cotiira Jus inteniata." DUC. ^ In Sloan. MS. 73. f. 211, will be found directions " for to make cheuerel lether of and perchemyne," by means of a solution of alum mixed with yolks of eggs and flour also " to mak of whit eheuerel, reed cheuerell," the colour being given by a compound of " Cheuerell lether, cheverotin.^'' palsg. brazil. ' The verb to cheve is used by R. Gloucester and R. Brunne, and likewise in Piers
gives also ORT. voc.
^*

chybolle,

cinollus.

^'^

Papaver

est

Ploughman, " The poore

And

if

Hym
CAMD. 50C.

is but feble, he ehide or chatre, cheveth the worse." Vision, line 9375.

t4
Chewynge
of

PROMPTOP.IUM PARVULORUM.
(chycke,
as

metjs or o))er Masticacio. Chew the cood, of bestys (as bestis done whan the rest, r.)
Jjynngys.

henne

byi-des,

p.)

Pijno, jnihdo.

(Chickyxg, or spyryng of conie, k. sprowtmge of corne, p. Ge?'-

Bmnino, Chevesaukce.i Providencia. Chevystyn', or purveyn' (chevyschen, h. cheuesshen, p.)^ Provideo.

Chykkynge,
pyng
P.)
lacio.

minacio, jjuiulatus, pululacio.) or wyppynge of

^ip-

yonge byrdys (chickyng or

Pupulatus,
or

of bryddys, k. h. yeppinge,

KYLW. p)upuchylawndm'.^

Chybolle, herbe. Cinollus, kylw. Cheky\'. Pidlus. Ch(ek)yn' wede, herbe (chekenwede, p.)3

Chylakder,

major,
Christi,

et

Hosjna, vel hospia minor dicitur oculus morsus gaUine (hisjna,

Intentor
.4

Chyndrus (chillindrus, k. p.) Chylde. Puer, infans. Chylde, whyle hyt can not speke.
Proles, soboles.

Chylde bedde,
Chydar.
p.)

or

women whan

(contentor,

pey hane
K. H.)7

litigator.

chyldryn' (childyng or bringyng forthe of childryn,

Chydyn', or flytyn
CATH.
litigo.

Contendo,

Decubie,

c.

f.

puer-

pen\nn.

Chydynge. Chykkyn, as
Chykkyn',

Contencio, litigacio. corne, or spyryfi, or sp(r)owtyn'.^ Pulilo (pupulo, p.)

as

Chyldehodde.
ricia.

Infancia,

puefurthe

Chyyldyn',
chylde.s

hennys

byi-dys

or bryngyii' Pario.

" To cheve, Roquefort gives " Clievlr, anir, posseder, jouir, en las lat. cheviare." brynge to an ende, asckieuer ." palsg. " Schift, cheueThis word is used by Piers Ploughman, Chaucer, and Gower.
'

saunce,
*

ckev.esance.''''

palsg.

In the Legenda Aurea, f. 64, b. it is related of Becket, "and the nexte nyght after he departed in thabyte of a brother of Sympryngham, and so cheuyssed y' he wente ouer Fabyan statesthat Rufus said of the Earl of Poytiers, " I woll assaye to haue hys see." Erldom in morgage, for welle I knowe he must cheuyche for money to perfourme that journey'' (to Jerusalem). ^ " Chekynwede, herbe, movroii.'^ palsg. In Norfolk the ahine media according to Forby, is called Chiekensmeat. Ang. Sax. cieena mete, aJsine. elfric. The Cath. Ang. gives, " To chyde, litigare, See hereafter flytin, or chydiii.
certare,
*
et

cetera v.hi to flyte."

signifies still

To chick

in Norfolk

and Suffolk

to germinate, as seeds in the earth or

leaves from the bud. forby. * Chilindrus, in French ckilavdre, palsg. some venomous kind of water-serpent.
"^

was a name of Greek derivation, appHed

to

The English gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth explains " gysiiie, childing." " There was a woman with chyhle grete vpon her delyueraunce, and at y*^ tyme of chyldynge she Partus, puerpenum, chyldyng." (Vocab. myght not be delyuei-ed." (Leg. Aurea.) Roy. MS. 17 C. XVIL) * " To chik'e, parturirc, eniti, fetare, parere. Femina vult parei-e, sednon vidt illa
''

PROTMPTORIUM PAnVULORCM.

75

Chvldynge,
chylde.l

or woman Prefjnans.

wythe
rrit.
vg.

Chyldys
c. F.

belle.

Bulla,

nola.

Chyldys cappe. Calamaciutn,

Chylle, herbe.
lium.

or sparyn' mekylle (chinkinge or to mekyl spai-yn, H.) Perparco, cath. Chynchyr, or chynchare (chynche, Perparcus, cath. H. p.)2

Chynchyn,

Cilium vel psil-

Chyncery

(chincherye,

v.)

or

ChyllyJ?', or (fur, p.) colde. Frigucio. Chyllyxge of tethe or oj^er Frigidor, cath. lyke.

Ch(y).mjxe belle (chyme,

ii.

p.)

Parcimonia. Chyne, of beslys bakke. Spina. Chyngyl, or chyngle, bordys for helyngys of howsys (shingill, Sindula. howsehillinge, p.)^ Chyppe. Quisquilie, UG. cath.
scai-(s)nesse.

Cimbalum. Chymyn', or chenkeii' wythe bellys

(clyuke bell, p.)
Tintillo.

assida, ug.

c. f.

astula.

CnvppYNGE
other

of ledyr, or clothe, or

lyke.

Succidia,

ug.

in

(Chymer,

k.

h.

p.

Abella,

k.

cedo, presifjmen, c. f.

obella, H. p.)

Chymerynge,
dyderynge.

or chyuerynge, or

Chyrche. Ecclesia (basilica, p.) (chm'cheyerde, Chyrchejarde

p.)^'

Friyutus.
ca-

Chvmney. Fumarium, cath.

minus, epicaustorium.

Chyrcheholy.5
plur.

Cimitorium^poliandi^um, P.) in Encennia,

or puryfyeii'. Purijico.

Chyn'.

Mentum.

Chyrchvn,

parere." cath. ang. The Wicliffite version renJers Levit. xii. 2, " If a woman childih a knaue child, sche schal be vncleene bi vii daies." (Cott. MS. Claud. E. ii.) ^ Ang. Sax. cildiung-wif, a child-bearing woman. * " chinche, Umix, tLc. uli cowatus. Chinchery, tenacitas, <tc. uld cowatyse." CATH. ANG. " Teiuix, a toughe halder, or chinche." med. Chaucer says in the Talu of Melibeus, " Men blamen an avaricious man, because of his scarcitee and chincherie."

" Bothe he was

scars

and chinche." Sevyn Sages, 1244.

R. Wimbeldon said in hia Sermon at Paul'8 Cross, A.D. 13S9, " forsoth wete ye, that euerych auouterer, or vncleane man, tbat is gloton, other chynch, shal neuer haue heritage in the realme of Christ and of God." (Fox, Acts and Mon.) The word is occasionally written chiche, as by Chaucer, Rom. of R. In French, " chice, niesquin ; chichete,
avarice, vilenie."
*

uoquef.

Shingles of wood, a covering both light and durable, were probably still, at the liine the Promptorium was compiled, in very general use for roofing houses, although the regulations for the dimeiision of the various kinds of tiles are a proof of their beiiig likewise employed to a consideralile extent. See Stat. 17 Edw. IV. c. 4, A.D. 1477. The term seenis derived from the French eschandole, or Latin sciadula, and is occasionally written shindles. See Holland's Pliny, B. xvi. c. 10. Piers Ploughman terms Noah's ark a " shynglede shup," an expression that seems to bear some analogy to the Ang. Sax. scide-weall, murus de scindulis coii[/estus. ELFRic. See schyngyl. * In the Seuyn Sages, line 2d25, the chirche-hawe is spoken of, Ang. Sax. haja, agellus, or h.eyi,septum, In Cath. Ang. it is termed " a kyrke-garthe." Ang. Sax. geard,
sepes.
*

" Eiiceiiia diciuitur nova festa,

vel

dedicationes ecclesiarum.''

ortus.

Ang. Swx.

eyric-halgung, church hallowing.

76
Chyrky5c'.i
Sihilo.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Chysel,
or

granel.5

Acenia
p.)

Cherkyn', or chorkyn', or fracchyii', as newe cartys or plowys.Strideo.

(arena, p.) sabulum.

(Chyst, stqrra in chest,

Chyrkynge. Sibilatus. Chyrne, vesselle. Cimbia, cumbia.

Chyrne

botp'.

Cumo.

Cumbiacio. or clateiynge of byrdys (chirkinge or chateringe, Garritus. (p.)* Celtis. Chysel, instrument.
"

Chyrnynge.3 C(h)yrpynge,

Chyteryk' as byrdys, supra in CHATERYNGE. Chytyrlynge.6 Scrutellum, scrutum, KYLW. Chyualry, or knyghtehoode. Milicia.

Chyveryn', supra in chyllyn'. (Chyueryng, or qwakyng for cold, si<^?-a in chymeryng, h.p.)7

Tale.

and chirketh as a sparwe with his lippes." Sompnoures a noyse as myse do in a house." palsg. ^ See above charkyn, as a earte. Ang. Sax. eearcian, stridere. Chaucer uses the term to e.\press geuerally a disagreeable sound.
'

And

kisseth hire swete

" To ehyrke,

make

" All fuU of chirking was that sory place." Knightes Tale.

C. XVII. gives "arena, grawell, 37, and again, f. -56, " nomina lapidnm, fflarui, The etymology of the name Chesil Bank, in Dorsetshire, a singular bank of chesylle." pebbles, which extends nearly seven miles S.E. from Abbotsbury, and abuts at Chesilton on the isle of Portland, is here clearly ascertained. See, prefixed to Holinshed"s Chron. Harrison speaks the description of the Chesill, by Harrison, Descr. of Brit. p. 58. also of the Chesill at Seaton, in Devonshire, where he says " the mouth of the Axe is closed by a mightie bar of pibble stones," p. 59, and copies the account given \>y Leland, Itin. iii. f. 42: '' The men of Seton began of late day to stake and make a mayne waulle withyn the Haven and ther to have trenchid thorough the chisille, and to have let out the Ax, and receyvid in the mayn se. But this purpose cam not to etfect. Me thought that nature most wrought to trench the chisil hard to Seton Town, and ther In this instance the term chisel seems to accord with the explanation to let in the se."
saltulum, sande, glaria,

Chyrrtnge, ms. * Thomas, in his Italian Grammar 1548, gives mouthe that we call shirping." ' The Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17
2

^'^

Buffa, the dispisyng blaste of the

chesylle,"

f.

given

the Medulla, " Glarea., argilla, vtl primv.m lapides quos aqua jiuviatilis It implies, however, in a more general sense the pebbles Harl. MS. 2257. on the shore ; thus in the Coventry Mysteries, p. 56, is the following paraphrase of
in
trahit.''''

Genes.

xxii.

17

" As sond in the see dothe ebbe and flowe, Hath cheselys many unnumerable."
In the Wieliffite version this passage is rendered "gravel which is in )'e brink of he Ang. Sax. ceosel, glarea, sabulum. Teut. kesel. In Norfolk, chizzly signifies dry and harsh under the teeth, which Forby derives from Teut. kiesele, gluma. The LatinEnglish Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 147, gives among " pertinencia pislrine, Cantabrum, Anglice chycelle." " Chyterling, endoile.'''' palsg. * " Chiterlynge, hilla.'''' cath. ang. Horman says, " Let us have trypis, chetterlyngis, and tryllybubbys ynough, spjjpedita aulicoctia ad Skinner dcrives the word from Teut. kutteln, intestiaa. satietatem.'''' ^ Chaucer writes iu the Blake Knyght, " I chiver for defaut of hete," aud Gower
see."

puojirToniVM parvulorum.

77
liarmc.

Choyse. Chosun.

Electio.

Cykyr,
tutus.

fro

Securus,

Electus.
in

Chowen, supra

chewen.
chewynge,
p.)

Cykyr

or (of, p.) sothefastenesse.

Chowynge
Choffe,

(or

Certus.

Masticacio. or chuffe, charle, or chutt (cliuffe, cherl or chatte, h. chel, or chaffe, suj)ra in carle,
p.)^

JRusticus, snpra.

Chorlysche, or

carlysche.

RusH.

Cykyrly. Tute. Cykyrnesse. Securitas. Cyllable. Sillaha. Cylke. Sericum (serica, p.) Cylke worme. Bo7nhex, c. f. Cylke woman. Devacuatrix
(aurisceca, p.)

ticanus, rusticacio.

Cybbe, or kyn, or lye (akyn,

of kyn, p.)2
Affinis.

Glarea, Cylte, soonde. Cyluer. Arrjentum.

c. f.

Cybrede. Banna, in j)lur. c. f. Cyyd, as clothys })at be thredbare

(cyd, H.)3

Cyllowre

(cylere,

p.)^

Glacylered,

Talaris.
beste. Latus.

tura (celatura, p.) Cyluerde (cyluryd,

p.)

h.

Cyyde

of a

mann, or
Crihro.

Celatus.
K. h. p.

Cyftyn'.

(CiLUERYN,

Argeuto.)

Cyftynge. Crihracio. Cythe. Quere in S literd. Cyynge downe, or swownynge (cyghinge or swonynge downe,
Sincopacio. Cykylle. Fassilla, vel fassicula
p.)
{^falcilla, fulcicula,

Cymnel, brede.S Artocopus. Cympylle. Simplex. Cympylnesse. Simplicitas. Cym, propyr name (Cymund, h.
Simon.

p.)

Chynchone,
h. p.7

falx, p.)

herbe (cynchone, Ceneceon, camadroos.)

/rilleux.''''

" Chyueryng as one dothe for colde in an axes, or otherwise, uses the verb to chever. palsg. ' Chuffy, as Forby observes, does not in Norlblk now signify clownish, but merely fat and fleshy, particularly in the cheeks. French, jouffit. Palsgrave gives " chuffe, bovff'e,^'' whicli is explained by Cotgrave as a " swollen or swelling cheek ; Bouffe, puffed, blown." ^ See hereafter svbbk and sybrede. ^ See hereafter syyd, as clothys. Talans. This term, which is retained in Norfolk,
implies coramonly merely the length of a garment, " syde as a gowne, dejtaxus.'''' cath. ANG. from Ang. Sax. sid, aniplus, latus. The reason of its special application here to clothes that are threadbare is not apparent, unless it were that garments in such condition, losing the swelling folds that new stuffs vvould form, and hanging close to the sides, give the figure a lengthy and lean appearance. * See hereafter syynge downe. * See ceelyn with syllure, and hereafter sylure of valle, and selyn. Cotgrave giTCs " Draperte, a flourishing with leaves and flowers in wood or stone, used especially on the pillers, and tearmed by our workmen drapery or cilery." heads of * See BREDE twyss bakyn as krakenelle, or symnel, and hereafter SYMNEL. ^ In a curious MS. herbal of the XVth centui-y, in the possession of Hugh Diamond, Esq. the virtues of this plant are detailed. " Grondeswyle we clepen in Latin seneceon,'''' It was used as a plaster for " bolnyngs " and sores, " hit wole staunce l^o houte p. 61. potagre, and alle manere greues of ^e leggys." By most leechos it was thought dan-

78

pnoMrTORiUM PARvrLORrsr.
of

Cyndyr Cyne

pe

smythjs

fyre.

Cyrcumsycyon'.

Circumsicio.

Casuma,
Cynamtjm.

c. f.

cochiron, ric.

Cyyr

(cyre, or syr, p.)

Dominus,
cis-

of (or, p.) a tokyn'. Signum.

enis.

Cynamoinum.
vel

Cysmatyke.
matica.

Cismaticus,

Cynamum,
Cynue.
crimen.

tre. Sinamus, sinamomicus, cath.

Cysowre.
Cystyr, by

Forpex.
]?e

Peccatum,

^:)2ci<Zm?,

faderys syde oonly. Soror, cath.

syde.

Cynfulle.
C\"NFULLY,

Criminosus, ^yeccosus.
Cri?ninose.

Cynnyn'. Pecco. C^^NNYNGE Peccamen. Cano, canto, Cyngyn'.

Castyr, by ])e modurys Germana. Civitas, nr-bs. (Cyte, p.)

Cytezeyne
jjsallo.

(cytesyn, p.)

Cives

(nrbanita, P.)

Cyngynge,
Cantus.

or of

(of,

p.)

songe.
p.)

CvTYR,

tre.2

Citms.
Sessio, sedile.

Cyttyn'.

Sedeo.
place, or cete, p. Sedile,
for

Cyngynge

masse (messys,

Celebracio.

Cyttynge. (Cyttinge
sedes.)

(Cynke

of a lawere, p.i Mergulus.)

Cynkyn'.

Mergo, suhmergo.

Cyve,

(or

cifte,

p.)

conie

Cynkynge. Dimersio, suhmercio. Cynter or masuniy (cjynt of masomye, p.) Cintorium. Cynew, or cenu, of armys, or
leggys (cynows, p.) Nervus. Cyppyn', or drynkyn' lytylle. Bibito, suhhiho, cath. SuhhibiCyppynge, of drynke. tnra, cath. iu hiho. Cipressus. Cypresse, tre.

clansynge. Cribrum, cribellnm, Cyve, for mele. Furfuraculum,

c. F..

Cyuedys, of mele, or brynne (cyuedus, w.) CATH.

H.

Furfur, cantabrum,

Cyver, or maker of sevys (cyvyer,

maker

of cyues, p.)
p.)

Cri-

hrarius.

Cyvys, herbe (cyues,

however, " J>is erbe it internally, although so recommended by Pliny ; wole abate J>e fretyng of j^e wombe ; " be dipj ed in vynegre, and so y ete aud the touch of the root was accounted a specific for the tooth-ache. ' The drain of a lavatory seems to be here alluded to, such as that with which the lavacrum or ^^iscina on the south side of the altar was invariably supplied, which allowed the water that had served for washing the sacred vessels, and for the ablutions during the service of the altar, to sink into the earth ; or generally in reference to such provisions for cleanliness as are to be observed in most monastic establishments, as especially the Mergulus, however, lavatories in the cloisters at Chester and Worcester Cathedrals. usually signifies the sink of a lamp wherein the wick was plaeed. ^ The citron was probably introduced into Europe with the orange by the Arab conBy a MS. in the querors of Spain, and first received in England froni that country. Tower it appears that in 1290, 18 Edw. I. a large Spanisli ship came to Portsmouth, and that from her cargo Queen Eleanor purchased Seville figs, dates, pomegranates, ] 5 See tlie introduction to the valuable volume on Housecitrons, and 7 poyna de orenc/e. hold Expenses in England, prcsented to theRuxburghc Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. xlviii.
gerous to use
algreene,
if it

PnOMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.
Cyvn' of a
tre. Surculus, vitulamen, cath. Cyyd, (cyued, p.) or cythyd and clensyd, as mylke, or opev lyke (licoure, p.)i Colatus. Cyftyn' (cyuyn, p.) or cleusyfi'. Colo, CATH. Cythynge (cyynge, h. cyuynge, Colatura. p.) or clensj^nge. Quere j^lura vocabula siviilem sonum istis habencia in S literd, ubi I vel sequitur lianc literam S immediate.

79
(clat, h. j. clappe, p.)

Clapparre

Percussorium. Clappe, or clakke

(clat,

a mylle Taratantara, UG. in tardo, cath. baof

H. clatte, p.)
tillus,

DICC.

c. F.

(Clapyr of a
tillus, c. F.

bell, k. h. p.

Ba-

DICC.)

Clappyn', or knokkyii'. Pulso. Clappyn' hondys to-gedyr for ioy

or for sorowe.

Comp^lodo,
p.

c. f.

(Clappynge, h. Clappynge, or
belle.

Percussio.)

clynkynge of a
(claret,
p.)

Cladde,
Clam',
K. H.

or clotliydde.

Vestitus,

Tintillacio.

indutus.

Claret
cleymows (gleymous,
Glutinosus,
vis-

or

of a tunne Ductilium.
cleret, as

p.)2

Claret, or
miclarus.

wyne.

Se-

cosus.

Clameryn' (or crepyn, p.) Repto. Clamerynge, or clymynge. Repcio,

Claret, wyne
p.)-*

(clarey,

k. clarry,

Claretum.

reptura (j^eptacio, k.)

p.)^

Clappe, or grete dynne (dynt,

Strepitus, frangor.

Claryfyyn'. Clarifico. Claryn' wythe a claryone (claryyn, K. p.)

Clango.
See hereafter syynge, or

'

" Colum, a mylke syhe, or a clansynge syfe." med.

clensynge.
2 " Clanimy, as breed is not through baken, pastexix.''' palsg. See hereafter gleyMows or lymows, In Norfolk meat over-kept is said to have got a clam and to clam signifies to stick together by viscid matter. forby. Ang. Sax. clam, luhcm, clsemian,
;

linere.
^ " They that serche the ende of a mannys lyfe by nygrymanciars be payed at a clappe, clade iHVolvuntur." horm. * The French term clari seems simply to have denoted a clear transparent wine, but in its most usual sense a compounded drink of wine with honey and spices, so delicious as to be comparable to the nectar of the Gods.

" For of the Goddes the vsage is, That who so him forsweareth aniis, Shall that yeere drinke no clarre.'"

Chaucer, Rom. of Rose.

In the original Romance, pigment, clart, and vin imree are named together, and in the Merchanfs Tale Januarie is said to indulge in consoling spiced drinks, " Ipocras, clareie and vernage." Barth. Anglicus gives a description of the mode of compounding claret, lib. 19, de propriet. rerum, c. 56; and recipes " </ facieiiduni daretum'''' occur in Sloan. MSS. 1986, f. 14, b. and 34.58, f. 105. The "following directions are found " To make Clarre. Take a galoun of honi, and skome it in Sloan. MS. 2584, f. 173. wel, and loke whanne it is i soden J^at J>er be a galoun l^anne take viii galouns of red wyn, )5an take a pounde of pouder canel, and halfe a pounde of pouder gynger, and a quarter of a pounde of pouder peper, and medle all J^ese J?ynges to geder, and \>q wyn
; ;

80
Clarine,
trumpe,
c. F.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORCM.
trumpett
p.)^

(claryon Lituus, sistrum,

Claryowre,

or clarenere (clario-

nere, k.h. p.) Liticen, bellicrepa. Claw, or cle of a beste, Ungula.

Cleymare. Vendicator. Cleymyk, supi-a in chalengyn'. Cleymynge, supra in cleyme. Cleypytte. Argillariim, c. f. Clenchydde (clenched, p.) Retusus, repansus, cath.

Clawyn', or

cracchyii' (scratche,

p.) Scalpo, scrato, grado,

cath.
p.)

Clenchyn'. cath.

RetundOj
a-^en' (in

repando,
speche,

Clawynge. Scalpitacio. Clawse, or poynte (or clos,

Clausula (clausa, p.)

Clenchyn'
herte.5

wraw

Y.)or chaueiyn' a-5en',for prowde

Ohgarrio, cath.

Clavsure, or
Clausura.

clos

(clawser, p.)^

Cley. Argilla, glis. Cleystaffe (cleyke staffe,K.H.p.)^ f. (^cambuca, c. Cambusca

H. P.)

Clenchynge. Retuncio, repancio. Clene.6 Mundus, purus. Clennesse. Mudicia, puritas. Clensvd, as lycoure (or tryid,
K.

syyd, h. fyed, p.) sujrra in

Cleyme,
cacio,

or chalaunge. clameum.

Vendi-

CYEDD. Clensyd, or made cleene.

datus [purijicatus, p.)

Mun-

in a clene barelle, and stoppe it fast, and rolle it wel ofte sij^es, as men don Palsgrave gives " Clarry wyne, clere.'''' In Norfolk at the preseiit daves." time any kind of foreign red wine is called claret. " Clarine, c/tro/f." palsg. Horman says that " a trumpette is streyght, but a This instrument received its nanie from clarion is wounde in and out with an hope.'" it was called in low Latin clario, and Knyghton mentions " clarriones its shrill sounds el iulce,'''' as sounding the onset at Cressy, and speaks of them also in his account of the siege of Paris, by Edward III. A.D. 1360. The verb to scratch, derived by Junius from the Danish, kratse, or the Flemish, Chaucer speaks of see hereafter cracchyn. kratsen, was formerly written cracche " cratchinge of chekes," and Piers Ploughman says,

and do hym
veiious,
'

iii

'^

" AI the clergie under Crist Ne myghte me cracche fro helle,

But oouliche
'

love

and leautee."

Vision, 6866.

derived from the Latin, or more directly, perhaps, from the French, " closier, petit clos ferrae tle haies." roquef. Horman says, " These byrdis muste be rayle, or a closer latis wyse, claihro.'''' See closere of bokys or ojjer kepte in with a

This term

is

lyke. staf."

Ca^itbuca is rendered in the Medulla Grammatice, "a busehoppys cros, or a crokid See hereafter croce of a byschope. The term clet-staffe seems to be taken from the similarity of the head of the pastoral staff, in its simplest form, resembling the " Cley aneient lituus, to the claw of an animal, which here, as by Gower, is written cle,
^*

of a beste,
*

iirtgula.''''

cath. ang.

Chaueryn may be here the same

In Norfolk the pronunciation cleyes is still retained. as charyn, or geynecopyn, which occurs pre-

viously.
^ Clean formerly signified, not merely external, but also intrinsic purity. a senser, and a shyp of clene syluer, ar<jertto puro." horm.

" He gave

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Clensyn', or

81
(of, p.)

make

clene.

Mundo,

Clergy, or cumpany, or
clerkys.-

purijico (puj'go, depuro, k. p.) Clensyn, in cyftyn'. supra

Clerus,

clericatus,

clerimonia.

(Colo, p.)

(Clerge, or conyng of
clerkys, k. clergie, or
clerkes,
h.
cif-

offyce of
ofifice

Clensynge, or powregynge (purchinge, p.)

tinge, p.
Piirificacio.

of
p.''

h. clergie of office,

(Clensynge, or cyyinge,

Clericatus.)

Colatura.) Clenzon', or declenson' (clenson, P.) Declinacio.

(Cle!igy'se, k. p.

Clerimonia.)
(clere
or,

Cleryn',
reo.

or

wex

p.)

bryghte, as wedur.

Sereno, cla-

Clepyn', (or callyn, k.)i

Voco.

Clepyn' be
nunciqjo.

name.

Nuncupor,
p.)

Cleryn'

fro

drestys.

Desicco

(defico, K. P.

CATH.)

Clepyn' A-3ENE (ageyne,

voco.

Re-

Cleryn', or make clere a thyngc ])at ys vnknowe (was vnknoAven,

p.)

Clepyn' yn to a

place.

Invoco.

Clarifico, manifesto.

Clepyn owte. Evoco. Clepyn to-gedyr. Convoco. Clepe to mete. Invito.

Clepynge, or callynge.
clynkyn, p.)
Vocacio.

Clerke.

Clericus.

Clerke

of cowntys (a cownt, p.) Competista.

Cleppyn', or clynchyii' (clippyn or

Tinnio, ug.

Clerkely. Clericaliter. Clerely. Cla7'e (^perspicue, p.) Clerenesse. Claritas, perspjicacitas.

(Clepyng, k. cleppynge, or clyngynge of a bell, h. clinkinge, p.

Tintillacio.)
ys, bryghte (or Clarus, serenus. Clere, as watur, or o])er licour. Limpidus, perspicuus. Clere of wytt, and vndyrstondy(n)ge. Perspicax, c. f.

Clerenessr
nitas.

of

wedyr.

Sere-

Clere, as wednr
brygth, k.)

Clyte, or clote, or vegge (clete or wegge, k.) Cunevs, c. f. Clyffe, or an hylle (clefe of an
hyll, p.)

Declivwn,
or ryfte.*

Clyff,
rima.

clyft,

Sissura,

' The verb to clepe is conimonly used by Robert of Gloueester, Chaucer, Gower, and Other ancient writers but as early as the commencement of the XVIth century it appears to have become obsolete, for Palsgrave gives " I clepe or call, je hvijsche. This terme is farre Northern." Ang. S. cleopian, clamare. Forby gives the word as still in use in Norfolk. * " A clerge, clerus, clerimonia.'''' cath. ang. ^ The word clergy, signifying erudition suitable to the office, in the sense given to the word in the King's CoII. MS. of the Promptorium, is thus used also in Piers PIoughman'3
;

Vision,

" I asked hir the high

way where

that clergie dwelt."

See the word clargie, in Jamieson. " Clergie, science, Htterature, savoir." roquef. * Clift occurs in the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth, to denote wliat is termed the fork of the liuman figure, in the following passage, Arund. MS. 220. CAMD. soc. M

82

PROMPTORIUM rAUVDLORUJI.
Cliiorium, clavicula,

Clykett.1
CATH.

Clyppynge.2

Clyppyce
Scansor.

of

])e

Tonsura. sonne or

money

Clymare.
Clymyn'.

(clypse, K. r.)3

Eclipsis.

Scando.
Scaiisio.

Clyvyn

Clymynge,

Clyngyn', or strykyiT (slirynke, Bigeo, c. f. cath. p.) Clynyn', or declynyiT. Declino, CATH. (vario, p,) (Clyne, or bowe downe, p.
Declino, inclino.^

or parte a-sundyr,a(s)men doone woode. Findo {scindo, p.) Clyuynge, or departynge (cleuynge, p.) Scissura {jissura, p.) (Clyue, or ryue by tlie selfe, p."* Rimo, risco.)

(Cliuyn
hereo.)

to,

K. cleve to,

p.

Ad-

Clynkyn,

svjJixt

in

clyppyn'

Clyuynge

to,

or fastenynge to a

(clynkyn, snpi-a in chymyn, k.) Clynkynge of a bell, supra in CLAPPYNGE (clyngkynge, k.) Tonsor, tonsatrix. Clyppare.

jiynge (cleuynge, p.) Adhesio. Clokerre, or belfray sujira (cloclierre

p.

or bellefrey, k. clocher, clocke hous, w.^ Carnpanile,

Clyppyn.

Toncleo.

k. classicum, p.)

"

Qidsses (J^ejes)

7iac/es

(bottokes) oue la fourckeure

ridinge).'"

(J>e clift)

Fount graunt

eyse

imr ckiuauchure (vor

Clough, a deep fissure or ravine, is a name still retained at Lynn, at a spot described by Forby. Ang. Sas. clough, Jissui-a ad montis clivum, See also cleuch and cleugh in Jamieson and Bi'0ckett's Northern words.
'

"A

elekett,

c!a<<s.''^

French term
renders
it.

cliquet,

'^pcssuhis versatilis,

" Clyket of a dore, clicqvette.'''' palsg. The cath. ang. low Latin cliquetus, seems properly to have signified a latch, Gall. loquet.'" duc. Thus the gloss on Gautier de Bibeleswortli
in

" Par
Ert

cliket et cerure,

(lacche and lok)

sure.''''

la

mesoun

le

plus

Aruud. MS. 220,

is

f.

302, b.
it,

Chaucer, however, uses the word in the sense that Thus in the Merchanfs Tale, lytel keye." ortus.

here given to

" claviada, a

"

he wold sutfre no wight bere the key, Sauf he himself, for of the smal wiket He bare alway of silver a cliket."

clippynge howse, tonsoriuin.'''' cath. ang. In Norfolk clippynge, tousura. now to shear sheep, and the great annual meeting at Ilolkham was conimouly termed the Hulkham clip, or clipping. forby. ^ " J^e clippys of J-e sone and moyne, eclypsis. To make clippys, eclipticare.'''' cath. Chaucer, comparing the course of love to that of the moon, says that it is like the ANG.
*

"

to clip signifies

planet,

"

Now

bright,

now

clipsy of

manere,
clere."

And whilom dimme and whilom

^

verbs from clyue, to cowryn, are omitted in the Harleian MS. and are here given chiefly from the MS. at King's CoIIege, Cambridge, and Pynson's edition. * This term is derived from the French cloc/ur, or the low Latin cloch.eriu.m. It occurs in theaceounts of the Chamberlain of Norwich, among charges for the celebration of the

The

PROMrXORIUM PARVUI-OKUM.
Clodde.J Gleha. (Cloddyn, or brekyn cloddes,
Occo.)

83
Inchido.) schettyn

k.

(Closyn (Closyn
K.

in, k.

oute,

or

owt,

Clogge. Tntnciis. Cloystyr. Cldustriim.

(Clokkyn

as liennys, k. clocke, P.

Excludo.) Closett. Clausella, clausicida. Clausus, p.) (Closed. Closyd, clausyd, or closyd yn'.Inclusus.

Crispio, frigido.)

Clokkynge

of hennys.

Crisjn-

Closyd owte. Exclusns,

Clospe.
Offendix,

seclusus.

atus, c. F. in crispnt.

jirmaculum,

Clokke. Horisonium,
CATH.

horologiian,

signaculum, catti.

Closere
(cloke,
p.)

(closurc, p.) of bokys, or

Clooke

Armilausa,
of

o))er

lyke.''

Clausura, cooper-

(collobiwn, p.) Cloos, or boundys

(clos, p.)

torinm.

a place

Ceptinn, ambitus.

Cloos, lybraiy. Arclnivum, c. f. Cloos, ar yerde (or, p.) Clansnra. (Closyn, or schettyn, k. shette, p. Claudo.) (Closyn streytly, k. Detrudo.)

Lappa hardana, Clote, herbe. c. F. lappa rotunda (glis, p.) (Cloteryn, as blode, or other
lyke, K. cloderyn, p. Coagido.)

Clothe.

Panmis.
Avoudon' (wouyn, k. h. p.)

Clothe

(Closyn abowtyn,
Vallo.)

k. abonte,

p.

Avith dyuers colours. Stroma, vel piannus stromaticus. cath. Clowchyn', or clowe (clowchun.

exequies of Henry VIII. A.D. 1547, wliere a payment appears " to the Clarks of Cryste Churche, for ryngyng the clocher bells.'" Blomf. Hist. ii. 155. " clottynge malle, occaio7-ium." clotte, cespis, occarium. To elotte, occare. CATH. ANG. " Occo, glebas frangere, to clotte." ortus. In the Medulla, Harl. MS. 2257, occur '^ glelarius, a clotte maller. Gleha est duriis cespes ciim /lerla, an harde klotte." Palsgrave gives the verb to clodde as signifying the formation, and not tlie breaking up of " To clodde, go in to lieapes. or in to pcces, as tlie yerthe dothe, amonceler. clods.
'

This yerthe clotteth so faste that it niust be broken. To clodde, figfv, fortier, congeler.^' Compare cloteryn. - A note, copied by Hearne from a copy of the Promptorium, states that the compiler of tlie work was "frater Ricardns Frauiices, inter quatuor parietes jiro Christo Inclusus.'"' See Hearne's Glossary to Langtoft's Chron. under the word Nesshe. If, however, it had been true that he had belonged to the ordcr of Anchorites, who were called iiiclusi, or reclusi, it seems probable that some indication of the faet would have here oceurred. The dwelling of the Anehorite, domvs inclusi, or clusorium, appears to have often immediately adjoined the cliurch, and is doubtless in many inst mccs still to be distinguished. The ritual for his benediction will bo found in Martone, Antiq. Rit. lib. iii. Palsgrave gives tlie verb " to close up in a wall, or bytwene wailes, eminurer. c. 3. Cannest thou fynde in thy herte to be an Anker, to be closed up in a wall ?" See hereafter recluse.
2 Compare clausure, or elos. Jamieson gives closeris, cnclosures, and closerrii', which hc conjectures may signify clasps. In Norfolk Forby observes that tho eovcr of a book is called clodger, which he supposes to be derived froni thc Frcnch, closier, as the tcrju codger is corrupted froui cosier, a cobler.

84
H. clewe,
p.)

PEOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Glomns, gloius,
thyiigys of ledyr.
rebroccatus.

Pictaciatus,

Dicc. glomicillus, vg. in garma.

Clowde

of ])e skye (clowde, or skye, K. H.)i Nuhes, nuhecula. or

fulle

Clowtynge
Clowtynge,
hroccacio.

of clothys. or

Sartura.

coblynge.
k.

PePic-

Clowdy,

of

clowdys

Clowe

(skvys, K.) Knhidus. of garlykke (cloue of garlek, or otlier lyke, p.)

(Clowty^'ge of shone,
tacio.)

Costula.

(Clothyx,

k.

Vestio, induo.)

Clowe, spyce. Gariofolus. Clowys, water schedynge (clowse,

watyi"kepyiig,
k.

(Clo])Id, sujrra in cladde, k. h.)

clowze,

h,
p.)-

clowse,

water
of

sliettiiige,

Sinogloatorium.

Clowte
ragge.)

clothe

(cloute

or

Scrutum, panniculus,

Clothyxge, dede. Induicio. Clothi^^-ge, or garment. Indumentum, vestimentum. Clubbyd staffe (chibbe, staffe, Fustis, cath. H. p.) Clubbyd, or boystows. Eudis.

pannucia. of a schoo.^ Pictasium, ug. (Clowtyn, k. Sarcio, cath. re-

Clowte

Clewe, supra in clowchy^'ge.-* Clustyr of grapys (closter, p.)

Botrus, racernus, ug.

hrocco, repecio.^

Coo, byrde, or schowhe.^

dula, nodula.

Mone-

(Clout

disshes, pottes, pannes, p.

Crusco.)

Clowter,

or cobelere.

Sartorius,

CoBLER, siq)ra in clowtere. Cobyllstoxe, or cherystoue. Petrilla

Clowter

rebroccator {pictuciarius, p.) of clothys. Sartorius,

sartor, sartrix.

(ceripetra,

hipis cerasi-

nus, ceramus, p.) CocATRYSE. Basiliscus,

drillus.

coco-

Clowtyd,

as as

clothys.

Sai-tus,

repeciatus.

Clowtyd,

shoone,

or

ojjer

CocuR, boote (cokyr bote, h. p.^) Ocrea, coturnus, kylw. c. f.

Compare hereafter skte, nubes. The word skye is thus used both by Chaucer and Gower, to signify a cloud. Ang. Sax. skua, umbra, Su. G. sky, mibes. ^ Clawts, " A clowe of flodejate, singlocitormm, gurgustiurii,^'' cath. ang. MS. The terrn clowys appears to be taken from the French ecluse. See the word clouse, ia
'

Jamieson. ' ' A clowte of yrne, crusta, crusta ferrea, et cetera ubi plate." cath. axg. In Norfolk the terms cleat and clout signify an iron plate with which a shoe is strengthened. FORBT. " to cloute, carreler, Ang. Sa.x. cleot, clut, pittacium, lamiHO.. Palsgrave gives the verb rateceller. I had nede go cloute my shoes, tliey be broken at the heles." * " To wynde clowys, glomerure." cath. ang. A. Sax. cleow, glomus. * The ehough or jaclidaw, called in the Eastern counties a caddow. See before CABAW, or keo, or chowghe, and hereafter KOO, bryd, or schowghe. " Monedula, coo." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1587. " A ka, MOnedula." cath. ang. " Xodalus, a kaa." okt. voc.

Ang. .Sax. ceo, corrdx. ^ The coarse half-boot used by rustics was called a cocur, and the term cocker is still used in the North of England, but properly signifies gaiters or leggings, and even

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

85
h. p.)^

CoKERYNGE,
shinge,
p.)

01

gretc
Focio,

cliers-

CoDE, sowters wex (coode,

Coresina (cerisina, p.)

chy(n)ge (ouer greate cherysnutricio,

CODDYD CORKE
gumen.

(coddis, P.)

Luet

carefocus (carifotus, p.)

(CoKERYN, p. (COKYRMETE, CoDDE,

of

Carifoveo.y
K.
K.2

Ccnum,
pesecodde.

CoDLYNGE, fysche. nota quod sic

CoDULLE,
Cofyn'.^
fysche.4

Morus,
dicitur

quia

lutum, CATH.)
frute,

morose nature fertur.

or

Sepia, ug. helc. f.

Siliqua.

licjo (lollifjo,

p.) UG. in lolium.

CoDDE, of mannys
membris,
p.)

jDiyuyte (preuy
Pi'J(-ii

Cophynus,
Cista.

mentula

CoFUR.

(testiculus, fiscus, p.)

CoGGE

CuDDE,
men.

of bestys

of bestys,

chewynge (cod or chewynge, p.) Ru-

of a mylle. (dicc. p.)

Scaiiohallum.
p.

(CoGGYN
hallo.^

mylle,

Scario-

coarse stockings without feet, used as gaiters. In a MS. of the Medulla in the Editor's possession, Cv.lponeus is rendered "a carl stoghe," (in the Ortus "a chorles shoo,") with this additional explanation, " vel a Cokyr, iit dicit Camjnis flonuii.^' Piers Ploughiuan speaks of his " cokeres," Vision, line 3915, and they may be seen in the curious drawing in a MS. of the Poem in the Library Trin. Coll. Cant. an engraving from wliich is given in Shaw's Dresses. Elyot gives " Carpatince, ploughmen's bootes made of vntanned letlier, they maye be called cokers. Peronatus, he that weareth rawe lether shoen, boteux, or cokars lyke a ploughman." Librarie, 1542. ' Junius compares this word with the Dutch, kokerillen, celebrare hilaria, but Lye is inelined to trace its etymology to the Welsh, cocr, indulgens. The use of the term " To coker, cherysshe to moche, miynotter. is fully illustrated by Palsgrave. This boye canne never thriue, he is cokered so niocbe. To coker, bring up with daynty

Coker hym up thus in his youthe, and you shall baue a See below, cookeryiNGE mete. This singular term was given most erroneously in the printed editions of the Promptorium Pynson printed it Ckyrmete, Julian Notary Chyimete, and W. de Worde Chymette. It appears to relate to the kind of rustic boot called here a cocur, and cokyr ; but the whimsical application of such a term to clay is wholly unaccountable. ^ Among numerous instances, resin, grease, and herbs, mentioned in the curious directions for making a good " entreet," or plaster to heal wounds, occurs " Spaynisch code." Sloan. MS. 100, f. 17. * Elyot renders " Sejiia, a fyshe called a cuttell. Loligo, a fyshe whiche hath his head betwene his feete and his bealy, and hath also two bones, oone lyke a knyfe, the other lyke a penne." The Sepia officinalis, which is found commonly on the coasts of Britain, is not properly a fish, but belongs to Cuvier's great division of Molluscous animals, and the class of Cepludopodes. Ang. Sax. cudele, sepia. See hereafter, cotull. * The primary meaning of the word cofyn seems to have been, as in Latin and French, abasket, and is thus used in the Wicliffite version, which renders Matt. xiv. 20, " Thei token the relifis of broken gobetis, twelve cofyns full.'' Elyot renders " Tihin, a baskette or coffyn made of wyckers or bull rushes, or barke of a tree such oone was Moyses put in to by the daughter of Pharao." The term also implied a raised crust, as for a pie or a custard, and occurs in this sense in Shakespeare. See also the Forme of Cury, pp. 72, 83, 89. Palsgrave gives " Coffyn, grant boiste.'"''
mea.tes, ojfriaHder, ujfrioller.

fayre caulfe of
*

hym

shortly."

86

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(cokbote, p.)

CoGBOOTE

Scafa.

CoKXAY
fotus,

(coteney,

k.)^

Cari-

CoY, or sobyr. Sobrius^ modestus. CoYFE, supra in cappe.i Tena., (caj^ocallum, corocallum p.) capicella, comm. kylw. CoYLY, or sobjrly. Modeste. (CoYYN, K. p." Blandior.) CoYXGE, or st(y)rynge to werkyn' (sterynge to done a werke, k.
Instigacio. styringe, p.) CoYTER, or caster of a coyte.

cucunellus, fotus, c. f. delicius, et sunt nomina deri-

sorie ficta, et inventa (lauticius,

carenutus,
cimellus, p.)

coconellus,

k.

lu-

CoKYR, botew, supra. Cocurus. Cokerelle. Gallus (gallimellus,

galhdus, cath. gallinacius, p.)

COOKERYNGE
Pe-

METE."*

Carificio.

treludus {j)etriludarius, k. p.)

CocLE, fysche (cokyll, p.) Coclea. CoKYLLE, wede.5 Nigella, lollium, zizannia, cath. (gitt, p.)

CoYTE. Petrehida. (CoYTYN, K. Petriludo.)

COKKEBYEDE.

GalluS.

Ninems. CoKKYS combe. Cirrus.

CoKOLDE.
CoLLEGE.
Collegium.

(coke, K. p.) mete dytare. Cocus, coquinarius. CoKKROAVYXGE, tymc (cokcrow, tyme, k.) Gallicinium, (jallicantus, VG. in castrio. CoK BELLE. Nola, campanella,
hidla, BRiT.

CooKE

CooLDE
CooLDE,
<ilgor.

(colde, p.)

Frigidus.

substantyfe.
scliuklere

Frigus,
(coldyr,

CooLDEE,

K. H. p.) Petrosa, jyetro^ CoLE of fyre, brynnyuge. Pruna.

" A coyfe, pillius, pilleolus, o.pex, galervs. Versus, Pillius est jiivenum, peregnnumque galerum.'''' cath. ang. See above, the note on cappe, or hure. * Chaucer uses the verb to " acoie," in the sense of making quiet in Spenser it sigPalsgrave gives " to coye, styll, or apayse, acquoj/ser." nifies to caress, and also to daunt. The derivation is evidently from the Freneh qiwi, quietus, now written coi. ^ " A Versv.s, DeJicius qiii deliciis a coknay, arnhro, mammolrojphus, delicvas. malre nutritar."' cath. axg. The term coknay appears in the Promptorium to imply thus likewise in the Jledulla, " J/?/isimply a child spoiled by too much indulgence motrophus, qui diu sugit. Manimotrophus mammarii longo qui tcmpore sercat, Kokenay Tliere can be little doubt that the word is to be dicatv.r, noster sic sermo notatur.^^
' ; ;

traced to the imaginary region " ihote Cokaygne," described in the curious poem given by Hickes, Gramm. A. Sax. p. 2-31, and apparently translated from the French. Compare " le Falliaus de Coquaigue.''^ Fabl. Barbazan et Meon. iv. 175. Palsgrave gives the verb " To bring up lyke a cocknaye, mignotter ; " and Elyot renders " delicias " Dodeliner, to bring vp wantonly, as a cockney." facere, to play the cockney.'' Hollyband's Treasurie. See also Baret's Alvearie. Chaucer uses the word as a term of contempt, and it occasionally signifies a little cook, coquinator. See further in Douce's Illustrations, King Lear and Brand's Popular Antiquities, notes on Shrove Tuesday. This word occurs here as a substantive. See above, cokert.nge. * " Cokylle, q-Mdarn ahorigo, zazaania." cath. axg. It would seem that Chaueer considered the term Lollard as derived from lollium. See hereafter, lollarde. Colder in the dialect of Norfolk signifies " broken ears of corn mixed with fragracnts of straw, beaten oft' by the flail ; " and in Suffolk thc " light cars and cliaft' left in the caving sicvc, after drcssing corn, are tcrmcd coldcr, or cosli." Sec Forby, and
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
CoLE, qwenchyd. Carbo, catii. CooLDE, (cole, p.) or sum-what
colde.

87

Algidns,

c. f.

(CoLE,

or Algor.)

sumwhat

cokle, k. p.

CoLLER, or lyne(rey) (of lenery, K. of lyvery, ii. r.y Tovques. CoLLERYDE. Torquatus. CoLETTE, propyr name (Collet,
p.)

Colecta.

(CoLYN, or keljn, k. Frigefacio.) CoLLERE. Collare, collariinn. CoLLER of howndys. Milliis,

CATH. in millo.

CooLYD, of heete. Frigefactus. CoLYKE, sekenesse. Collica passio.

CoLYER, ov colyfere
Epij)lnum.
coler, p.)

(colyjer,

ii.

CoLLER CoLLER

of horsys.

Carbonarius.
Frigefaccio,
refri-

of a garment. Patagium, CATH. UG. in pateo.

CooLYNGE.

geracio, refrigerium.

Moore. Petro signifies the clippings of stone. " Petroaes sunt particule que dbscinduntur de petris.'''' cath. Tlie usage of distributing year by year a robe, or some external token of adherence to the serviee or interests of the personage by wliom such general retainer was granted, appears to have commenced during the Xlllth century. The gift, whether a robe, a hood, or other outward sign, was termed a livery, liherata, and the practice was carried to so pernicious an extent, that various statutes passed in the reigns of Edward III. Richard II. and Henry IV. by whieh the use of liveries was restricted or regulated. Mr. Beltz, in his curious article on the Collars of the King's Livery, Retrosp. Review, N. S. ii. 500, states that the first instance on record of conferring such marks of distinction in England is in 1390, when Richard II. distributed his cognisance of the white hart, but the assertion copied from Anstis, that it was pendaiit from a collar of broom-cods, does not appear to rest on any authority. This collar was, however, presented in 1393 to Riehard II. and his three uncles by Charles VI. King of France, whose cognisance it was. Such a " colare d^el livere clu Roi de Fraunce " is mentioned in the Inventories of the Exchequer Treasury, vol. iii. 357. See Mr. J. G. Nichols's interesting observations on the Efifigies of Richard II. and his Queen, Archseol. xxix. 46. The earliest notice of collars of livery, that has been observed. occurs in Rot. Parl. iii. 313, where it appears that when John of Gaunt returned in 1389 from the wars in Spain and Gascony, Richard took his unc\e's " livere de co/er'''' irom his neck, and wore it himself; that it was also worn by some of the King's retinue; and that Richard declared in Parliament that he wore it in token of affection, as likewise he wore the liveries of his other uncles. It is not improbable that this livery of the Duke of Lancaster's was the collar of letters of SS, subsequently adopted by Henry IV. as his livery, the origin of which is still involved in obscurity. This device had been in use many years before Iiis accession, and as early as 1378 Sir John de Foxle, whose will is preserved in Bishop Wykeham's Register at Winchester, bequeathed " Monile auri, curn S Ulera sciilpia et amelitd in eodem." The livery of Henry V. during the life-time of his father, was a swan, adopted the Stat. 2 Hen. IV. c. 21, doubtless in token of his descent from the Bohun faniily contains a clause " cj^ue Monseiffiieur le Prince purra doner sa honorahle liveree del ; and such were probably the " Colers Cigne as seigneurs et a ses meignalx gentilx
' ;
''^

in the Inventorics of the effects of Henry VI. used a collar decease, 1423. Rot. Parl. iv. 214. formed of broom-cods and the letter S alternately, and Edward IV. adopted as his liThere is no evivery a coIlar"of sun and roses, to which a white lion was appended. dence that coUars of livery were ever distributed by subjects, excepting the Princes of

^''argent de la livere

da lloy," which are enumerated

his

Henry V. taken

at

the blood.

PROMPTORirM PARVULORUM.
(CoLYssHE, disshe mete, p.)' CoLYTTE.2 Accolitiis, ceroferarius, CATH. CoLJiosE, byrde.3 Alcedo. Frixatura, in CoLLOPPE. ug. frigo, assa, necch. carbonacium, KYLW. carhonella, ug.

CoMBE, or

otlier lyke

of byrdys,

CoLOWRE.
CoLORYD. (CoLORYN,

Color. Coloratns.
K. colowi-en, p. Coloro.)

supra in cokkys. CoMBE, of cniTaynge, or horse combe. Strigilis, c. f. CoMBE, of hony. Favus. or byddyn, k. (CoMAWNDY^^, Manrlo, juheo, impero, hortor.) Manclatum, CoMMAWSDEMEXT.
precepturn.

CoMMAWNDEMEXT
Munclihurdium,

of
c.

a
f.

kyngc.

CooLE CoLTE

RAKE

(colrake,

h.

p.)*

{edictum,

Restellum, hatillum, cath. c. f. (or fole, p.) yonge horse. Pullus. CoLWYD (colowde, p.)^ Carhonatus. CoLWYNGE (colowTnge, p.) Carhonizacio.

^) CoMMAWXDOUR.
dator.

Prcccptor,

man-

CoLUMBYNE,

CoLUMNE

Columhina. of a lefe (of a boke, p.)

lierbc.

(CoMBYNTYX, or copiilpi, K. coplyn, p. Combino, copulo.) CoMELY, or semely syghte. Decens.

Columna. CoMBE, for kemjnge.

Pecten.

CoMELY, or semely, or well farynge in schappe. Elegans. CoMELYD, for colde.^ Eviratus.

" ^ culice, morticium.''' cath. ang. In the collection of Recipes, dated 13S1, printed with the Fornie of Curv, will be found one " for to make a Colys,'' which was a sort of invigorating chicken broth. See p. 94, and Preface, p. xvii. where will be found references for further information on the subject. The term is French, Cotgrave " Coulis, a cullis or broth of boiled meat strained, fit for a sick body.''' See the gives words colliee in Junius, and cullis in Nares' Glossary. ^ Of the minor orders in the Christian church, the fourth is that of acolyte, succeeded immediately Ijy that of subdeacon, the first of the greater orders. The functions of the acolyte, consisting chiefiy in attendance on the services of the altar, will be found detailed by Martene, or Ducange. By the writers of the XVIth century the orders of " benet and colet " are mentioned not infrequently together. See above benett, ordyr, " Accolitus, seniens in missa hahens crdinem, a, collect. Acholitus Grece, Exorcista. ceroferarius Latine, a colet." ortus. ^ coUemase, alcedo." cath. ang. " Alcedo est quedam, avis que ceteris avibus sedulius alit puUos. Angllce, a seemewe." ortus. Ang. Sax. colmase, parula. tx * " colrake, tndla, verricuhrn.'' cath. ang. Elyot gives JRiitabulum, a coole rake to make cleane an oven." See Comenius, orbis sensualium, by Hoole, p. 113. ^ '' To colowe, make blacke \\\th & co\e, charhonner." palsg. Forby gives the verb to collar, as used in Norfolk in the same sense. In other parts of England the expression to collowe or colly is retained. Shakespeare in Mid. Night^s Dream applies the epithet " colly^d " to the night. See Nares. ^ See above the note on a-comelyd for coulde. Cumbled still signifies in Norfolk cramped or stiffened with cold cumbly-cold denotes great severity of weather. See Forby, and the word cumber, or benumbed with cold, in Jamieson. In the Wicliffite version a-clumsid occurs in the same sense " herden ^e fame J>erof, our hondis ben

"A
A

'"

We

PUOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
COMELYDNESSE. CoMLYNEssE, or
EvirciClO.

89

seemelynesse.

Decencia, elegancia.

CoMELYNGE, new cum man or woman.^ Adventicius, inquilimis. (CoMENDYN, or gretyn, k. recomende,
p.

CoMowNE. Communis. CoMOWNLY. Communiter. CoMowNE, pepylle. Vulgus. comown ]'ynge, or CoMOWNE
Hes publica. goode. CoMPERE, falawe (compyre, p.) Compar, coequcdis. CoMPLAYNTE. Querimonia. comm.
querela.

Recoimnendo,
k.

com-

viendo.)

(CoMENDYN, or prejsjn,
do, commendo.)

Lau-

CoMPLEXiONE.

Complexio.
(the, p.) sacramcnt.

CoMERAWNCE.
(CoMEROUs,
lentus.)
p.

Vexacio. Vexativus, vexu-

CoMMUNYONE
Communio. (CoMPOSTYN,
Ste7'C07'o.)

or

dungyn,

p.

blasynge sterre. Cometa, vel stella comata. Comyn', seede. {Cimhmm, p.) CoMYNGE Too. Adveutus. CoMYs, of malte (comys, p.)2 Paululata, kylw. (pululata,
sterre, or

CoMET

CoNABLE,
te7is.

accordynge.*

Co77ipe-

CoNABLY, or competently.'*
petenter.

Co??t-

K. p.)

(CoMUNYN, or make comowne, k. coraon or make comon, p. Communico.)

CONCEYTE. C07lCeptUS. Co/icipio.) (CONCEYUYN, K. CoNCEYUYNGE. Concepcio. (CoNiECTEN, p. MoUior.) CoNSENT, or grawnte. Asse/isus
{conse7isus, p.)

(CoMouNE, or talke with auother in cumpauy, or felawsliepe, h. comou, p. Communico.)

(CoNCENTYN,
CoNsciENCE. CoNDYCYONE,

or

grawiityu,

k.

Co7isencio, ctsse7icio.)

CoMowNTE (comnavute,
nauute, p.)^

k. coue-

Consciencia.

Communitas.

Condicio.

a-clumsid, tribulacioun haj take us," Jerem. vi. 24; and tlie expression " thou clom" Clurasyd, evisest for cold " is found in the Vision of Piers Ploughman, line DOIO. ratus. Cumbyrd, ubi clumsyd." CATH. ANG. In the curious translation of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said that a fleet should not venture to sea after the autumnal equinox, when " the see is looke and shit up, and men bethe combered and clommed with colde." B. IV. c. 39. Iu tiie Wicliffite version the following passages occur comelynge which " Most dere, I biseche you as comelingis and is a pilgrim at 30U." Levit. xviii. 26 pilgryms." 1 Pet. ii. 11. The following e.xpression occurs in Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicon, in reference to the use of the French language in Britain ; " the langage of Normandie is a comlynge of another lande," in the original " adveii' :

"A

titia.''''

" Accida, Anglice a comlynge." ORTUS. adveaa, a comelinge." *' Accola, MED. GRAMM. " A cumlynge, adveiia.'''' cath. ang. Ang. Sax. cumling, advena. ^ " Cummynge as malte, (jei-riiiu.atus.^'' cath. ang. * " A commontye, vtilffus, populus, gens, plehs.'''' cath. ang. Jamieson derives the word from tlie Latin conahiUs, what may be attempted with

prospect of success.

CAMP.

f?OC.

"

90

Pr.OMPTOr.IFM PAUVUI.ORUJI.
k.i

(CoNYN, or liauyn conynge,

Scio.)

CuNN\-NGE, or

scj^ence.s
Avytt,

(CoNYNGE, or
Sciens.)

K.

Sciencia. wytty, p.

CoNFESsYOXE. Confessio. Confectyon' of spyces (confexion,

H. p. spyseiy, k.)

CoNNYNGERE,

or connyngc erthe.^

Confeccio.
(or

Conflycte
K. p.)

of

verre

werre,

Conflictus.

Cunicularium. CooNYONE, or drowtly (conione or dwerhe, k. conione or dwerwe, h.

CoNFUSYONE, or schame. Confusio. (CONGELLYN, K. Congclo.) CoNY. Cuniculus. CoNYYS cath. hole. Cunus,
(ccmia, p.)

congeon or dwerfe, p.)-* Sessillus. CoYNOAVRE, coynesmytarc.^ or Nummularius. Coniuracyon', or coniurynge.

Conjuracio.

" Cognoscere, scientiam ftalere, to cath. ang. used in tbis sense by Cbaucer, and in the Wicliffite version, 1 Cor. ii. 2, is rendered tlius, " I deeme not me to kunne ony tbing." Caxton remarks in the Boke for Travellers, " It is a good thyng to ccnne a good craft, scaro-." So likewise in tbe Legenda Aurea, f. S2, b. " O who sholde conne shewe hereupon the secretes of tbyne berte " Palsgrave gives " to konne, learne or knowe, scavoir. I can konne more by herte in a day, than be can in a weke " and " to conne " Tbou shalt kun me thanke." tbanke, or can one good thanke, scavoir bon gre." HORM. See Jamieson. Ang. Sax. connan, scire. " Connynge is of that thou baste * " A connynge, scientia, /acultas.''^ cath. ang. lerned the memory or mynde, and reteyneth that thou sboldest forgete." Legenda Aurea, f. 0-3. Ang. Sax. cunning, experientia. ^ This word is used by Lydgate in the Concords of Company, Minor Poems, p. 174_
'

"

To

cone,

to

cunne,

scire.'"'

conne." ortcs.

To eonne

is

" With them that ferett robbe conyngerys.

the Privy Purse expenses of Henry VII. is a payment in 1493, " for making of Hornian observes tbat " warens and conygers and parkis tbe Conyngertbe pale.'' palydde occupie moche grounde nat inhabitaunt, leporaria sive lagotrophia.'''' Elyot

Among

" Vivariurii, a counnyngar, a parke " and Thomas, in bis Italian Grammar, 1548, uses the word to denote a pleasance, or inclosed garden, " Horti di Venere, the womans secrete connyngers." " Cony gartbe, garen/te. Cony hole or cLipar, taisIn the Paston Letters, iv. 426, the term " konyne niere, terrier, clappier." palsg. In ahnost every county in England, near to ancient closse " occurs in the sanie sense. dwelling-places, the name Coneygare, Conigree, or Coneygarth occurs, and various conjectures bave been made respecting its derivation, wbicb, however, is sufKciently obvious. See Mr. Hartshorne's observations on names of places, Salopia Antiqua, p. 258. * Coinoun, or konioun, occurs in Kyng Alisaunder, and is explained by Weber as signifying coward, or scoundrel, from the French coion, which has that meaning.
gives
;

" Alisaundre " Pes

I

thou coinoun wode." line 1718.

!

quotb Candace, tbou konioun

"

line 7748.

Here, however, the word seems merely to signify a dwarf. See bereafter dwerowe. * The first record of a mint at Lynn, wbere the Promptorium was compiled, occurs in 9th John, 1208, but there was possibly one in earlier times, and tlie name occurs on Parkins su])poses that it fell into disuse about 1344, 18 Edw. III.; the coins of Edgar. and be states tbat tbe Bisbop of Norviieh had also a mint there, but the fact is quesSee BlomefieId's Hist. Norf. iv. p. .'')S2, and Ruding's Annals of tbe Coinage tionable.
ii.

198.

PROSIPTORIUM PARVULORUJI.

91

(CoNQUERYN, CoNQUESTE,
Conquestus.

K. Conque7'0, CATH.)

or

conquerjnge.
CoilStitucio.

CoNTEYNYNGE. Continencia. CoNTRARYOWS. Coutrarius. CONTRARYOWSNESSE. CoutrUrietas.

CONSTYTUCYONE. (CoNSTREYNYN,

K,

Compello,
CoaCCio,

CoNTRYcYON, or sorow
Contricio.

for synne.

cogo, coarceo, arto, urgeo^

CONSTREYNYNGE.
tacio, comjiulsio.

Ur-

CONSTRUARE. CoHStrUCtor. Construccyon', or construyiige.

Construccio.

or allway (contynuyngly, p.) Continuo. CoNTYNUYD, kepte wythe-owte cessynge (brekynge, p.) Continuatus.

CoNTYNUALLY,

(CoNSTRUYN,
cath.)

K.

H.

Construo,
to dele

(CoNTYNUYN,
K.

lestyu,

or

abydyn,

Continuo.)
Contiuuacio.

CoNTAGYOws, or grevo^YS
wythe.
cio.

CoNTYNUYNGE.

Contagiosus. ContemplciCoNTEMPLACYONE.

(CoNTEYNYN,
wit-innyn,
Cofitineo.)

liauyu
k.

or

kepyn
p.

CoppE, or coper of a other thynge (top of an hey thyng, k. coppe of an hye thinge, r.y Cacuvien. CooPE (cope, K.H.cape, w.)^ Capa.

kepe within,

CoPEROSE CopORNE,

Vitriola.

or coporour of a
k.

thynge
p.)'

CoNTEYNYD
holde, p.)
'

(or witliiii holclyn, h.

(coperone,

h. coperun,

Contentus.

Capitellum.

Latin-English Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1587, gives '^ swmmitas, coppe," In the Wicliffite version, Luke iv. 29 is thus rendered, " And they ledden him to the eoppe of the hil, on which her cytee was bildid, to east hiui down.'' The crest on a bird'3 head likewise was thus termed, " Cop, cirrus, cm^f, The gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth exest aviuni id galli vel alaiide.'" cath. ang. plains " geline kupee, coppede hen " and Elyot gives " Stt/mp/iaiide, a coppe of fethers, whiche standeth on the head of a byrde." In Norfolk, the terra copple-crowu still has this meaning. Horuian says, " Somtyme men were coppid cappis like a sugarlofe," and uses the term " a cop-heedyd felowe, cilo," wliich is explained hy Elyot as having a great round forehead and again, " Homer, declaryng a very folysshe and an haskard felowe under the person of Thersyte, sayth that he was copheeded lyke a gvgge, vertice acurainato.'''' Cotgrave renders " p/(/Ko, a finiall, cop, or small pinnacle on the ridge of a house.'' The epithet is applie<l to the poiuted shoe, or poleyn, in fashiou " Milleus, a copped shoo." ORTUS. Ang. Sax. cop, ajiex. in the XVth century. ^ See above cappe, capa. This sacred vestment comraonly called a eope, the vvearing of which has fallen into disuse, excepting at coronations, is by the Cauons of the Heformed Church directed to be worn at the celebration of the communion in cathedral and cullegiate churches. See Queen EIizabeth's Advertisements, A.D. 1564, Wilkins' Conc. IV. p. 248, and the Ecclesiastical Constitutions, or Canons, A.D. 1604, ibid. p. 383. ^ The Catholicon explains capitellura as signifying merely the capital of a column, but in the Jledulla it is rendered " Mwjyta po.rs capitis;^' and in this sense, coporne signilying the apex or pinnacle, the work with which a tower, or any ornamental constiuction, is crowned, may perliaps be regarded as a diminutive of coppe. The terui occurs in a curious description of a castle, written about the time of Richard. 11.

The

naniely, of a steeple.

92

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
of a thynge wretyn'.
K.

CopY

Copia.

CoRBELL

of

roflfe.

Tigillus,

(CoPYYX,
CoPYi-D.
piosus.

Copio.) Copiatus.

KYLW. CoRCET, or
Co-

coote.

Tunica,

tti-

CoPYOwsE, or plentcYows.

nicella, c. f.

CoRCY, or
lentus.

corercyows.3

Corpubelyydde.

CoPYR, metalle. Cuprum. CoRAGE, or craske (cranke, v.y

Crassus, coragiosus.

CoRCYOWSE, or
Ventricosus.

grete

CoRAGEXESssE, or ci'askenesse

(co-

ragiowsnesse, or cranknesse, p.) Crassitudo.

CoRCYowsNESSE. Corpulencia. CooRDE, roope. Cordula. ConcorCoRDYD, or accordyde.

datus.

CoRALLE, CoRALLE,

stone.

Coi^allus.

or

drasse

of

corne

(coraljs or drosse, k. p. coralyys,

or dros, h.)2 Acus, vg. c. f. rusculum, ruscus vel ruscum, UG. in ruo. cath.
" Fayre

(cordwale leAluta. CoRDW^ANER. Alutarius. CooRDONE (cordone, p.)^ Nicetriledyr

tMi-, K.)*

CoRDWAXE,

wn
and

(^nicetorium, p.) amteonites,

fylyolej that fyjed,

ferlyly long,

With coruon coprounes craftyly sleje." Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt,

line 797.

have had the appellation of a fyell, a phioll, or fylyole, not " Fala, a. iour of tre." as Kuddiman conjectures, from /?o/, a vial, but from ijhala. MED. GRAMJi. In the description of Belshazzar's feast, in another poem of the same time, cited by Sir F. IMadden in his notes on Sir Gawayn, it is said of the covered cups which were fashioned like embattled castles,
to

round tower appears

" The coperounes

of the canacles, that

in fylyoles

Wer
'

fetysely

formed out

on the cuppe reres, longe." Cott. MS. Nero, A. x. f. 77.

See hereafter craske, or fryke of fatte, a word which seems to be derivable as a corruption from crasstis, or the French cms. Crank, which oecurs here in the printed editions of the Promptorium, usually signifies sickly or feeble, but in Kent and Sussex it has the sense of merry or brisk the reading is, however, questionable, as the word crank does not occur in these editions subsequently, but craske, as in tlie MSS. ^ " Aras, coralle." Vocab. Harl, MS. 15S7. " Curailles Oe maisons, the dust, filth, sweepings, or cleansing of houses.'' cotg. See draffe hereafter. ^ " Corsy, corpv.lerifus.'^ cath. ang. " Corcyfe, corpsu. Corsyfe, to full of fatnesse, corsu, corpulent.'''' palsg. Elyot gives " Pinguis, he that is fat, corsye, unweldye." * Chaucer, " his shoon of cordewane ; " and in the Rime of Sir Thopas, mentions in the Boke for Travellers Caxton speaks of " hydes of kyen whereof men make lether of fellis of gheet, or of the bukke make men good cordewan of shepes fellis may be made the basenne." The kind of leather to which this name was applied was originally prepared at Corduba, and thence, aceording to Junius and Menage, received the ap; ;

pellation.

The Medulla gives '' Nicetrum, tokene of overcomynge." Harl. MS. 2257. Catholicon gives the following explanation, " dicuntur Niceteria filateria, qtia tabant athletcf, facta de sammitatilus armorurii, quce a inctis acceperant.'" See cange.

The
ges-

Du-

PU051PT0KIUM PARVULORUM.
c. p. victoriale. c.

93

F.

dicit
et

sic,

Nicetoria sunt

victo-

rialia nicetoria siint ornamenta.

CoRE, of frute. Arula. ConY, schepherdys howse.i

gale, mapale, cath.

CoRNE, whyle hyt growythe. Seges. (CoRNE, that is grene, p. Bladum.) CooRNE, or harde knott in \>e
flesche.

Ma-

Cornicallus.
p.

(CoRNEL, H.

Frontispicium.)

CoRYOWRE. CoRYOwsE,

Coriarius, cerdo.
of
crafte.

CoRNERE
gulus.

(or hyrne, h. p.)

An-

Curiosus,

{artijiciosus, p.)

CuRYOSTE, or
p.)

ciiryosite (conouste,

CoRNERYD. Angulatus. CORONALLE. Corolla,

CATH. coronulla, UG.

COMM.

Curiositas, artijiciositas.

CoRKTRE. Suberies, ug. in suo. CoRKBARKE. Cortex, UG. iti suo. CoRMERAW^NTE. Corvus marinus, KYLW. cormeraudus, morplex, c. F.

CoROWNE (corone, k.) Corona. CoROWNYDE. Coronatus.

(CoROWNYN, K. CoROWNYNGE,
Coronacio.
p.

or

Corono.) coronacyon.
h.p.)

CoRMusE, pype (coruymuse, Cormusa. CoRNE. Granum, gramen.

p.)^

CoRPHUN (corpchim herynge,

CoRPORASSE, or
porale.
cor23oralle.3

Cor-

In N. Britain a temporaTy bnilding or shed is called a corf, or corf-house, signior hiding place, Ang. Sax. cruft, crypta, or perhaps approaching most nearly to Isl. korbae, tugurkilum. The floating basket used on the Sutfolk coast to keep lobsters, is called, as Forby states, a corf or coy and it seems possible that this appellation may have been given to the sliepherd'3 hut, from its being formed with wattles, like a rudely-fashioned basket. Caxton, in the Boke for Travellei-s, calls a basket a " corffe, or mande." ^ A distinction seems to be made in the Promptorium between the cormuse and the BAGGE-PYPE, 'pandji.m, a word which has occurred previously. Chaucer speaks of the great multitude that he saw in the House of Fame,
fying, as Jaraieson observes, a hole
;

" That made loud Minstralcies In cornmuse and shalmies."

In the

Book

iii.

Rose he describes the discordant sounds produced by Wicked Tongue " with hornepipes of cornewaile," evidently identical with the cornmuse. Palsgrave renders " Bagge-pype, coriieniuse," in low Latin, " cor/iemusa, vox ah Jtnlis et Ilispaiiis usurpata, uier syrnjihoniacus.'''' DUC. Hawkins has given in the Ilist. of Music, vol. ii. 453, a representation of the cornamusa or bagpipe, copied from Dr. Burney observes that the Musurgia of Luscinius, published at Strasburg, 1536. " the cornmuse was the name of a horn or Cornish pipe, blown like our bagpipe." This instrument appears to have been in favour as an acconipaniment of Vol. ii. 270. Roquefort gives it another appellation, es^zVe ; and in the list of Minstrels the dance. who played before Edward I. in 1306, when Prince Edward was knighted, are found Hamond Lestivour, and Geffrai le Estivour. See the volume presented to the Roxburghe Club by Mr. Botfield, on Mauners and Household Expenses in England, p. 142. ^ The term corporas, corporalis palla, denotes a consecrated linen cluth, fulded and placed upon the altar in the service of the mass, beneath the sacred elements. Its symbolical import, allusive to the fine linen in which the body of Christ was wrapped,
of the

Romance

94
CooRS, dede Funus.

PROMPTORIUM PAiniJLORUM.
body
(corse,

k.)

or dowghtur.
sohrina, ug.
171

Consolrimis, consereno.

CooRS of
p.)'

sylke, or threde (corce,

Textinn.

CosYXAGE. Cognacio. CosYNES, brederys chyldrynne.

Fratruelis,
c. f.

CoRsouRE of horse.2 3Iango, c. f. CowRTE, Curia. cath. CooRTYowRE. Decurio,

curialis, curio, ug. in cordia.

(fraternalis, p.)

CoscHYNE.
CoosTE,
or

Sedile, ric.

costage.

Expense,

surnptus, impendium, cath.

or kutte (corvone, k. corued, p.) Scissus (sculjjtus, p.) CooTE, lytylle howse (cosh, k.
cosche,
H.

CoRUUN,

(CosTYN, or do cost or spendyn,

K. Exspendo, irnpendo.') CoosTE, herbe.4 Costus {coosta, p.) cujus radix dicitur costum, c. f.

cosshe,

p.)^

tugurrium,

capana

Casa, {gurgus-

tium, teges, k. p.)

CosTE of a CosTARD,
KYLW. Coostre

cuntre. Confinium, ora.

appulle.
k. p.)

Aniriarium
quirianum,

Coosyn', or
nata.

emys sone (cosyng,

Cognatus, cog-

(^quiriarium,

K. cosyne, p.)

CosYX, of
is fully

ii

SYsteiTS,

awntys son

of an halle (costere, h.)^ Subaideum, cath. in auleum.

See Lyndwood*s Observations on the Constitutions of explained by Durandus. Abp. Walter Reynold, 1322, p. 235. Tiie Constit. of the Bishops of Woreester in 1229 and 1240, required that in every Church should be provided " chco paria cor^ioralium,''' and the Synod of Exeter in 12S7, ordained that in every Church should be " duo corporalia cum repositoriis.'''' Wilkins, Conc. i. 623, 6Q6, ii. 139. Tlie repositorium, or case wherein the corporas was inclosed, when not in use, was riehly embroidered, or adorned with precious stones; it was termed likewise theca, capsa, or See the inventories of the gorgeous vestments and ornaments at hnrsa corporaliam. " Corporale, alba palla in altari, Anfflice, a St. PauPs, 1295, Mon. Angl. iii. 321.

" Corporas for a chales, corporalle." ORTUS. corparax, corporale.^'' cath. anci. palsg. " Corse of a gjTdell, <mi/. ' Corse weauer, <iMfer." palsg. See hereafter seynt, or cors of a gyrdylle. ^ " coyseyr of hors, mango. To coyse, olterare, et cefera uli to chawnge." cath. ANG. To cose signifies in N. Britain, according to Jamieson, to exchange or barter. In Octovian a dealer in horses is termed a " corsere." See Weber^s Metr. Rom. iii. 191. Horman says, " Corsers of horses {mangones) by false menys make them loke " He can horse you as well as all tlie corsers in the towne, courtiers de fresshe."
corporeau.''''

"A

chevaulx.''''
^

palsg.

hereafter in its proper place, the reading of the HarL MS. ap" Cosshe, a sorie house, carejvie." palsg. In the Craven pears here to be corrupt. dialect cosh still has this signification. * Of the various virtues of coste, which is the root of an Indian plant, the early writers on drugs give long details, and Parkinson has represeiited it at p. 15S2ofhis Herbal. In Mr. Diamond's curious MS. on the qualities of plants and spices, two " {je oone ys heuy and rede, Jjc kinds of coste are described, both brought from India to)>er is li^t and nojt bittere, and somedel white in colour; " and it is recomniended to make an ointment of coste ground small with honey, excellent to cleanse the face of the frecklcs, and " a suffreyn remedie for sciatica, and to )'e membris J^at ben a-stonyd." * The Catholicon explains aulfuu as " cortina, qida in uidis The cxiendi solet.^''

As cooTE occurs

PROMPTOEIUM PARVULORUM.

95

COSTELEWE

(cOStfuU,

K.

COStleW,

H. costuous, w.)i

Sumptuosus.

(CosTYN ouyr
patrio.)

]je

cuntre, k. coos-

tyn on the countre, p.^

Transbo-

(costret, or botel, k.)^ Onopheinwi, dicc, c. f. aristophorurn, cath. CooTE, byrde (cote, brydde, k.)
telle

3Iergus,fullica, ug. mer.

costrelle, grete

CosTRED, or

CoTE ARMURE.-* Baltheus,

c.F. ua.

hangings with which the side-walls of a hall were garnished, previously to the moro general use of wainscot, appear to have been termed costers. Tlie name was applied likewise to hangings, either in a church at the sides of the choir, or in a hall near the high table, as a kind of sereen, or even to the curtains of a bed. In the Register of the oniaments of the Royal Chapel at Windsor, taken 1385, 8 Ric. II. under the head of " P<i/iwi,'' several are enumerated. " Duo costers paiDii viagid de Velvetto, 'pro ]}nncipalibus diehus, ruhei et viridis coloris, cinn vuignis imaginihus siuntihm in tahernaculo." Mon. Ang. T. iii. part 2, p. 81. Ralph Neville, Earl of VVestmerland, bequeathed in 1424 to his wife a third part of his estate, " cwn, i(,no lecto de Arras operato cuni auro, cum costeris eideni piertinentibus et concordantihus '' and to his son Richard another bed of Airas, " cum costeris paled de colore ruheo viridi et albo, qui solebant pendere in magna caniera infra castrum de SherifkotoJi." Madox, Formul, p. 432. Chaucer, in the Persones Tales, makes great complaint of the " sinneful costlewe array of clothing," occasioned by the extravagant fashions of the time of Richard II. In the Stat. 3 Henry VII. c. 2, against murderers, it is stated that " he that will sue' eny appell must sue in propre persone, which sute ys long and costlowe {costeouz, F-r.) that yt makyth the partie appellant wery to sue." The Cath. Ang. gives " costy,
'

sumptuosus,'' and Palsgrave, " costyouse, siunptueux.'''' ^ Chaucer uses the verb to costeie in the sense of the French costoier, to pass alongside as in the complaint.of the Blaek Knight, line 36.
;

"

And

by a riuer forth

gan

costeie."

Palsgrave gives the verb " to coste a countrey or place, ryde, go, or sayle about it, costier or costoyer. To hym that coulde coste the countray, there is a nerer way by syxe myle.'' ^ Chaucer, in the Legend of Hypermestre, relates that her father Danao gave her "a costrell " filled with a narcotic, in order to poison her husband Lino. costrelle, oneferum, et cetera ubi a fiakett. A flakett, flacia, ohba, uier, et ctteiu idii a potte." CATH. ANG. A MS. of the XlVth century, which gives the explanation of words that occur in the Missal, contains the following interpretation : " tlter, Anglice a botel, sed collateralis Anglice, a costrelle. De cute dicis uires, de ligno collaierales." M. Paris gives a curious relation of poison discovered in the year 1258, concealed in certain vessels, " quw costrelli vocantur.'''' CostereUum or cosleretum, in old French and a costrell seems to costeret, signified a certain measure of wine, or other liquids have been properly a small wooden barrel, so called because it might be carried at the side, such as is carried by a labourer as hia provision for the day, still termed a costrii

"A

in the
*

Craven

dialect.

Baltheus, which properly implies the girdle or mark of knightly dignity, the cingulum Compare hereafter militare, is here used as signifying a kind of military garment. DOBBELET, garment, baltheus. The Cath. Ang. gives " a cotearinour, insignium.'''' The usage of wearing an upper garment, or surcote, charged with armorial bearings, as a personal distinction in conflict, when the features were concealed by the aventaille, commenced possibly in tlie reign of John, but was not generally adopted

before the time of

Henry

III.

portion of the armorial surcote of William de For-

96

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or lappe, unde versus,

CooTE, Ijtylle howse, supra. CoTERELLE.i Gurgustuius, tugurrinus,

Pro

gre-

tngurrina,

gurgustina,

mio grahatum, p)^o grahutum.

l^cto

pone

duo nomina Jicta sunt. Cultellarius. CoTELERE. CoTHE, or swownynge.2 Sincopa,

coterellus,

coterella, et hec

(CowcHYN,

or leyue in couclie, k.

lye in cowche, p.

Cuho.)

(CowcHTN, or leyne thinges togedyr, k.

Colloco.)

sincopes, c. f.

CowDE.*
K.
H.

Frustrim,

congiainum,
(coue,

(CoTUL, coduU,

fisshe,

cotull

or

fisslie, P.3

Cepia.)

UG. (frustum, p.) CovEY of pertrychys

or

CoTUXE (coton, p.) Bombicinum. CowE, beste. Vacca. CowARD, hertlesse. Vecors, iners. k.) (cowardise, CowARDXEssE
cath. CowcHE. Cuhile, grahatum, c, f. medid productd ; grahatum, medid correptd, Anglice a barme,
Vecoixlia, inercia,

couy, H. p.)

Cujieus, vel cohors.

(CoWEYTYIf,

K.

Cupio,

OptO,

glisco, concupisco,

cath.)

CovETYSE.
H.)

Cupiditas, cupido.

CovETYSE of ryches (coveytyce,

CovETOwsE.
Avaricia. Cupidus.
of (great, p.) worldely

CovETOws

of Albemarle, who died 1260, still exists, and an engraving of it is given in Among the earlier representations may be menthe Vetusta Monum. VI. plate 1 8. tioned the effigies at Salisbury of William Longespee, who died 1266, and of a knight of See Stothard's Monumental Effithe De Tlsle family at Rampton, Cambridgeshire. Sir Thomas de la More relates that the Earl of Gloucester was slain at Bannockgies. bum, 1314, in consequence of his neglecting to put on his insignia, termed in the Latin .^" Chaucer relates that the heralds after the translation " togam iyi-o[iTice ar inatura conflict distinguished Arcita and Palamon by their " cote armure,"'' as they lay in the " tas " severely wounded. Knight's Tale, 1018. An early instance of the use of the term coat-armour occurs in the Close Roll, 2 Edw. III. 1328, where the King commands the keeper of his wardrobe to render up " ornnes armaturas, tam cotearmurs quara alias," which had belonged to Bartholomew de Badlesmere, deceased, for the use of Giles his During the reign of Edward son, to whoni the King had given them. Rymer, iv. 371. III. the surcote gave plaee to the jupon, and this was succeeded, about the time that tlie Promptorium was compiled, by the tabard, the latest fashion of a garment armorially decorated, and the prototype of that which is still worn by the heralds and pursuivants. ' The inferior tenants, or occupiers of cottages, are termed in the Domesday Book cotarii or coscei-s, in Ang. Sax. cotsseta, casce habitator, in French coiarel, or costerel.
tibus, Earl

Ducange and Spelman make no

nett thinks there
villenage.
^

distinction

between

coiarelli

and

cotarii,

but Bp. Ken-

was an

essential

difference,

and that the

coterelle held in absolute

See his Glossary, Paroch. Ant.

Thomas Browne mentions cothish among words peculiar to Norfolk, and Forby In Bishop Kennetfs gives cothy as the word still used, signifying faint or sickly. Glossarial CoUections, Lansd. MS. 1033, is given " cothish, morose. Norf." Ang. Sax.
Sir cothe. morhits.

See above codulle, fysche. Sepia. This word appears to signify a piece or a lump of meat ; congiarium is in the Catholicon explained to be " frustv.m cariiis viuliqve e'i'iiaium Minsheu states
3

.''"'

rROMPTOKIUM rARVULORUM.
gondys, or otlicr lyches (werdli good, K. wordly, p.) AiKirns,
cupidindrius, c.
F.

97
Vaccarius, vaccaria
clothe.

CowHERDE.
CouERLYTE,

(bubulcus, p.)

Coopertorium.

ryches (wordli worchyp, k. worldly worshippes, p.) Ambiciosus. CoovENT (couente, p.)i Conventvs.
of

CovETows

worldely

CoowLE
lys.3

to

closyn

mennys fow-

Saginarium, cavea, cath.

vesselle (for to sette ves-

CowLE, CowLE,

Sell, P.)"*

CouERCLE

(coverkyl,

h.)

Ojicr-

or

Ti7W, CATH. (copc, coope

Cajya.

ir.

culum, cooperculum. CouERTowRE. Coopertorium. CoGHE (cough or horst, p. cowhe, or host, n. w.)^ Tiissis. (CowYN, or hostyn, k. cowhyn, h.

conpe, p.)5

CowLE, niunkys
cucullus, c. F.

abyte.

CucuUa,

CoAVLE TRE, or soo

tre.^

Fa-

langa, vectatorium, cath.

cowghcn, CATH.)
tliat

p.

Tussio,

tussito,

CowME

of coriie.

Cumba.
(cowmfory,

Cow(m)fory,

herbe

" cowdo is an old English word, signifying a gobbet, morcell, or peece of any thing cut out," but he appears to have taken it from the Promptorium, and Skinner gives it on his authority. Possibly cowde may have some anakigy with cud, which in tiie Promptorium is written cood. See above chew the cood. Ang. Sax. cud, ruhien. " A couent, conventm, conventindiis." cath. ang. The derivation of the word is hcre evidently from the French, coHvenf, a.nd not from the Latin and tlie orthngraphy of the name Covent Garden thus appears to have the sanction of ancient authority. - Among the virtues of " horhowne,'" as stated in a translation of Maeer's Treatise on " J^is Plants, MS. XVth Cent. belonging to Hugh W. Uiamond, Esq. is the following
' : :

In erbe y-dronke in olde wyne helpij' |>e kynges hoste, and l>e eomone coghe eke.'' anothcr place a decoction of roots of " skyrewhite " is recommended to heal " ])C chynke and })e olde coghe." Skinner says the hooping-cough was termed in Lincolnshire kin-cough, and derives the word from the Belg, kicnkhost, and the vcrb kinchcn, See hereafter hoose, or cowghe, and hostyn. diffir.v.lter spirare. " Coiipe or coule for capons, or other poultrie ware, cair/e aiix cJiappons.'''' Pai.sg. The name was probably assigned in consequence of a supposed similarity to a monk's cowl, whence likewise the name has been given to the covering of a chininey. Ang. Sax. cuhle, cuculla. Elyot gives " scirj^ea, a dounge potte, or colne inade with roddes." The cope was originally worn with a hood, which at a sulisequent time was represcntcd only by embroidery on the back. Hence, probably, this garnient vvas sometinies termcd a cowle. Chaucer repeatedly terms the monastic haliit a cope. See the descrip*

tion of

Huberd

the Frere,

who was not like a " cloisterere," " With thredbare cope as is a poure scolere. Of double worsted was his semicope,
That round was
as a belle, out of the presse."

" Tiaa, vas vinarium amplissrinvm." ORTUS. In the accounts of the churchwardeus of Walden, in Essex, occurs a charge in 27 Hen. VI. 1448, for a "cowle^;?- aqua benedicta, x.tZ." Hist. of Audley End, by Lord Braybrooke. In Esscx the term cowl is applied at the present time to any description of tub. See Kennetfs Glossary, undcr thc word cowele ; hc supposes it to be derived from ciicula, a vessel shaped iike
*
!i

l)oat.

" Plmlanga

est

hasta, vel rpiidam hacnhis adjportandas C7i,pas, Anglice a stang, or a

(AMn. soc.

98
K.

PR03IPTOnir>I PARVULOP.rM.
p.)

Consolida

major,

et

Cow(x)sELLorR.

Consiliarius.

minor didtur (laysy (dayseys,

p.)

CoMFORTE.
tacio,

Consolacio, consolamen.

conforr.)

(CowNSELY>', or aske counsell, or gyue counsell, k. Consuh.)

CoMFORTOWRE

(confortoure,

Consolator, (confortator, k.)

(Cowntyn, k. Comjmto.) CowNT ROLLARE (countrollourc,

p.)

(CowMFORTYN, or
CowNSELLE. CowNSELLE,

cumfortyn, k.

Contrarotulator.

conforten, p. Conforto,consolor.^

CorxTESE.

Consilium.
or preuey tlipige
c.

Co WNTYXGE
to

know. Secretum, CoAvxsELHOWsE.

v.misterium.

Comitassa. Computacio. CowTs^TYNGE BORDE, or tablc. Tapecea, tapeceta, ug. in torreo

.

Concionahu-

{trapecea, p.)

lum, consiliahdum, cath.

"

CowNTOWRE.^

Complicatorium.

culstaffc." 0RTU3.

stang, pale-stafTe, or eole-staffe, carried on the shoulhanging of a pale, at both ends." cotgr. In Caxton's Mirrour of the Woild, c. 10, A.D. 14S1, it is reiated that in Ynde " the clustre.s of grapes ben so grete and so fulle of muste, that two men ben grelly charged to bere one of them only Tpcn a colestafT." In Hoole's translation of the Orbis sensualium hy Conienius, 165S, is given a representation of the cole-staff {(rrirM'iia) used for bearing a burden bctween two persons, p. 135; aiid again at p. 113, where it appears as used by brewers to carry to the cellar the newly-made beer in " soes,''' or tuljS with two handles {/(ilra), called also cowls. In Brand^s Popular Antiquities, ii. 107, will be found an accouut of the local custom of riding the cowi-stafF, or stang. At the period wlien the Promptorium was compiled, calculations were usually made by means of the abacus, or counting-board, and counters, which were chiefly the pieces of base metal to which the name of Nuremburgh tokens has commonly been givGn. The " augrim slones " mentioned by Chaucer in the MiIIer's Tale, where he describes the clerk of Oxford's study, probably served the same purpose. PaLsgrave gives " counters to cast a count with, iect, iccton.'" The science of calculation termed algorism had, however, becn partially introduced. See above awgry.m. The term counter signified aiso the table on which such accounts were cast, and cven the counting-house, in which last sense it occurs in Chaucer, where it is related that the Merchant's wife went to call her husband,
Courf/e, a

der, aiid notched

for the

'

" And knocketh

at his

countour boldely."

Shipman's Tale.

curious representation of the counter-table cccurs in drawiiigs of the time of Edward II. in Sloane MS. 3L'S3. In a letter from Margaret Paston to her husband, about 1459, regarding some alterations in his house, is the follo-wing pas-^iage "I have take the mea.sure in the draute chaui'yr, as ye wold yo'' cofors and yo'' cowntewcry shuld be sette for the whyle, and is no space bcsyde the bedd, thow the bedd wer remevyd to the dore, for to sette bothe yo'' bord and yo'' kofors ther, and to have space to go and sytte besydo." Paston Letters, iii. ^l-i. At a later time there appears to have been a piece of ordinary furniture in the hall of a mansion termed a counter, probably from its resemblance to the table properly so called. In tlie Inventories printed by the Surtees Society, mtntion frequently occurs of the counter and the couuter-cloths as likewise of " doble eounters, counters of the mvddcll Ijynde, Flanders counters with their carpets." WiU.s and Invcnt. i. 103, 154, 158.
:

PUOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

99
(cowsere, k. Succursarius, gra-

(CoWNTINGE
putoria.)

IIO^YS,

P.^

Com-

Cow(r)cer, horsc
courcer', p.)

CoWNTYSE

(cOWntC, K. COUUt, P.)

(racio, p.)
bc.

darius, cath.

Compotus

Cov.-NTYRFETE, what so hjt Conformale.

(COWNTYRFETYN,
conformo.)

K.

CoilfujUrO,

Cursus. Missorium, ug. of mete. in fero, vel cursus ferculorum. CowuRS of frute yn pc ende of

C0WR8E.

Cowrse

mete
cath.
ium.

(cowrs,

k.)

CowNTYRFETYNGE. Conformacio. COWYNTYRPEYCE (pejS, K. poyS,

Hostimentum, lihramcntum. COWNTYRTALY.2 Anticopa, CATH.
p.)

coUibium,

BeUarium, imponenor

CowsLOPE,
paralisis,
cinia, V.)

herbe

(cowslek,

cowslop, p.)

CowNTERE

(coiintour, p.)

Com-

Herha j^etri, herha ligustra, kylw. (vacSeries.

imtarius (^computatorium, p.) (Counter', p.3 Comjyutator, comjjotista.)

CowRS

of ordyr, or rewe.

(CowNTRYN
Occento,

songe, K. in songe,
songe.

p,

c. f.)

Cownterynge yn

Con-

Cancer. Crabbe, fyscho. Crabbe, appulle or frute. Macianum. Crabbe, tre. Acerhus, rnacianus,
arhutus.

centus, c. f. (^occentus, k.)

Cowpare. Cuparius. Cowpe, orpece.^Crft^er (cuppa, p.) Cowpylle, of ij thynggys. Copula (^cupla, V.) (COWPLYN, K. Copulo.) CowpLYD. Copulatus. (CowRYN, or strechynge,
or astrctchyn,
p.

Cuabbyd, awke, or wrawe (wraywarde, w.)^

cancerinus.

Ceronicus, hilosus,

(Cracche,
in

or

manger,
in

supra

CRYBBE.) Cracchyn', supra

k. curyn,
J.

clawyn'
p.)

(cramsyri, p.)^

ScaJpico.

aretchyn,

n.

Cracghynge
Sculptura.

(cratchinge,

Attingo, catii.)
'

" A cowntynge place, libratorium.''' cath. ang. " A covvnter, anticojta.'' cath. ang. See above cleuke of cowntys. The appellation whicli occurs in Chaucer's description of the Frankelein was placed by Tyrwhitt among his words not understood.
^

"

shereve had he ben, and a countour." Cant. Tales, Prol.

countour appears to have been one retained to defend a cause or plead for another, in old French, conttr. See tbe Stat. 3 Edw. I. c. 24, against doecit or collusion by jjleaders, " serjaup.t, contour, ou autre," who being convicted, sliould sutfer imprisonment, and never again be hcard " e.i la Court le Rey, a coiiter pnr aulhiy.'''' It niay, however, be questionable whether Chauccr used the term in tliis sense, and it seems the office like that of sheriff was hold for a possible that escheator may be meant limited time, and was served only by the gentry of name and station in their county. ' See liereafter pece, cuppe. ^ See above awke, or angry, and hereafter wraw, froward. ^ See above thc note on clawv\', or ci-dcchyu'. lu the history of St. Eutrupo it is
;

100

rilOilPTORIUM rARVCLORUM.

Ckafte. Ars, artijicium. Crafty. Artijiciosus {(n-tatus, Craftynesse, Industria. Craftyly. Artijiciose, arcite.

r.)

Craggestone
JRujja,

(crag

stone,

r.)

Cramsynge, supra in cracchYNGE (cratcbinge, p.)"' Crane, byrde. Grus. Crayne, or crayues (crany or Rima, rivmla, craues, p.)
7-isCUS,

scopula,

cepido,

cath.

saxum.

Crany'yd.
Crcjritus,

CATH. Rimatus.

Ceakke, or dyn.
gor, c. f.

fra-

Cranyyn'.

Rimo.
instrument.^
Cirillus

Cranke,
Creputelfyre, or

Ceakenelle, bredc^
lus, frariinellus

(girgillus, k. h. p.)

{artocopus, k.)

Cranke
Crappe,

of a welle.

Haustrum,

Crakkyn', as
ojser lyke.

salt

yn a

haustra.
or gropys of corne.^ Acus, CATH. crihallum, c. f. Craschyn', as tethe (crayschyn, H. crasshen teethe, p.)6 Fremo, frondeo (strideo, p.) Cracchynge of tethe, or grynn-

Crepito.

Crakkyn',
(sliill

or

scliyllen
p.)

notliys

notes,

Excortico,

enuculo, emicleo,

kylw.

Ckakkynge. Crepor, c. f. Crakynge, or (of, p.) boste." Jactancia, arrogancia.

ynge (crashynge,
p.)

k. craslduge,

Crampe. Spasmus, cath. Cramzyn', sup}-a in cracchyn'

(cramsyn,si(/:);'fl in

Stridor, fremitus. Craske, or fryke of fatte (crask,

or lusty,

clawyn, h. p.)

K.y

Crassus.

lelated that " she ran to

hym j' had slayne her broder, and wolde haue cratched his Palsgrave gives the verb " to cratehe eyen out of his heed.'" Legend. Aur. f. 51, b. " He crached me eursedly about the chekis, violently with ones nayles, (jratlgner." unguihus laaravit." The Promptorium gives also CRiSiZT ' in the same sense. The kind of biscuit wliicli still bears this name vvas in France called craquelin Skinner gives also Belg. craeckelinck. " Postilla, a cake, craknel or vvygge." ORTUS. above brede twyys bakyn, as krakenelle, or symnel. See - ^^ Jado, id est ylorian, erogare. Jactor, a craker." Anglice, to boost, or erake. " Craker, a boster, holancier. To raake auauute, boste or crake. When he ORTUS. is well whyttelled, he wyll crake goodly of his manhode ; quand il a hien beu, il se vante Forby gives this word as still used in Norfolk. See Jamieson's gorgiasemerd.'''' palsg.
'

Dictionary.
2
*

Cranstnge,

sitpra

i)i

crecchynge,

iis.

Girgillus signifies a kind of reel for winding thread. " GirgiUum, Anglice, a haspe, or a payre of yeriie wyndle blades." ORTUS. Ang. Sax. crauc-stoef, a weaver's instru-

ment. * In low Latin the word crappa;

recoUigatii.r.''''

is

used in

tliis

sense,

Fleta, lib.

ii.

c.

82.

Ducange

gives also

" ahjectio hladi, ut a-appce crapinum, wliich he derives

ang.

from Belg.
le

krappen, excidere.

" Crappes,

acus."

catu.

" Crapin, crihlure,

hled qui tomhe

^

du

t'a?i."

roquef.

is

" To crasshe with niy tethe togyiher, griiic/te); To crasshe, as a thynge dothe that crypse or britell bytweiie oncs tetlie, cresper." palsg. This word is giveii l)y Skinner aniong thc ancicut words, " Crask, ^l^^^/io/ i Dict.
'

PROMPTORIUM PAnVULOUUM.

101
or

CuAUAUE.

Procax,

^;ecii^is,

Crelle
lepe.2

peculta, CATH.

(crcke, h. p.) baskett Cartallus, sporta.

Crawe,

CiiAUAs, siqrra in crany. 01" crowpe of a byrdc, or

Creme

Gabus, vesicula, ofer fowlys. cath. Proco, Crawyn' (cravyn, k.) 2)rocacio, rogito, cath. Crawtoge. Procacitas. CuAcoKE, relefe of molte talowe or grese (crauche, k. crawke or crappe, h. p.)^ Cremium (quod restat in frixorio, K.) Crede. Sijmholum, cath. Credel, or cradel. Crepundium. cunahulum, cuna, crocea, c. f. Credel bonde, or cradel bonde.
Fascia, fasciale,
{inicia, p.)

of mylke.Q?<acram, ug. c.f. Cremyn', or remyii', as lycour.^ Spumat.

Cremmyd,

or crammyd, or stuftyd. Furciaatus.

stuffyii'.

Cremmyn', or

Farcino,

repleo, cath.

Ceemmynge,
cinacio.

or

crammynge. Farpat
crepythe.

Crepere, or
Be^itor.

he

Crepyn'.

Pcpo, UG.

Crepynge.

Crepawnde,

catii.

quicia

Repcio, reptura. or crajiawude, precyous stone (crepaud, p.)^' Smaragdus.

Crekyn' (as hennes,

crokkyn'.

p.) sujJra in

Crese, or iucrese (cres, or incres, K. p.) Excrescencia {incrementum, p.)

Gracillo {crispo, p.)

Angl. a^md quent sohim occurnt, exp. pini/uis, oliesus, q. d. cmssius, a Lat. crassus.'''' It 13 perhaps niore directly corrupted from the old French word cras, which has the

same
'

siguitication.

is rendered " a craquod reliHquitur iistam " A crakane, cremium.''' cath. ang. The term cracklings, iit, frixorio.''' ortus. which occurs in the Scotcli Acts, t. .lames VI. is e.\plained by Jamieson as signifying the refuse of melted tallow Su. G. and Isl. krak, quisquilice, from krekia, to throw away. Tallow craps has a like meaning in the Craven dialect. ^ Creel is given by Moore as a word not frequently used in Suffolk Forby does not mention it, but it occurs in the Craven dialect, and signifies an ozier basket, or crate.

In a

MS.

of the

Medulla

in the

Editor's possession, cremium

cepi, vel illiid

conum

of grece or talwlie."

" JExtrema cremaiio

See Jamieson's Dictionary.

Roquefort explains

creit

as signifying a hurdle, cruticula.

Lepe
^

occurs hereafter.

See hereafter remyn, as ale, or other lyeoure. Precyoustone, " Crapaude, a precious stone, crapauJiiie.'''' palsg. Cotgrave ms. explains crapaudine as signifying the stone chelonitis, or the toad-stone. The precious stone found, as it was asserted, in the head of a toad, was supposed to possess many virtues, and especially as a preservative against poison. On some of these stones, according to Albertus Magnus, the figure of the animal was imprinted tliese were of a green colour, and termed craqjaudiica, being possibly tlie kind here ealled smaragdus, a name whieh properly denotes the emerald. These stones were known also by the
;

appellations horax,

hioutia,

cheloniiis,

nise, batrachites,

or ctrauiiia.

In the Metrical

Roraance entitled Emare is described a rioh vesture, thickly set with gems, rubies, topaze, " crapowtes and nakette " thc word is also written " crapawtes." More detailud information on tliis subject will bo found in Gesner, dc quadrup. ovip. ii. G-.
;

102

rnOMrTORIUJI PAIiVULORUM.

Cresyx', or encresj-ii'. Accresco. Cressauxt.^ Lunitla, cath.

UG.

Cresse, lierbe. Karsturchan. Cresse, seede. Gardanum. Cressyt.2 Crucihollum, c. f. Creste, on an liede. Crista. Creste, or a werke.^ Anaglipha,
c. F.

Creyste, of londe cryyde (of a londe crryed, p.)-* Porca, cath. Crestyn', or a-rayyii' Avytlie a creste (or sette on a creest, p.)
Cristo.

Creues, supra in craky. (Creveys, fysslie, k. creues,

Polipus.)

p.^

Crye.
liede.

Clcnnor, vociferacio.

Creste, of a byrdys

Cirrus.

Crye

of scliy].3men, that ys clepyd

See
'

also

Douce's Illustrations of Shakspeare, As you like

in Nures' Glossaiy.

it,

Act

2, Sc. I.;

and tbe

word toad-stone

cressent a-bo\vte y^ nek, lorques, torquis, lunula.'''' cath. ang. Lunula is explained in tbe Ortus to be an ornament for a womaa^s neck, sbaped like the moon.

"A

Anglice, an ouche, or barre." ^ " BatuliLS, a cressed, quoddam vas in quo po/iuntar prane.'''' ortus. " cressett, latillus, crucihalura, lucuhrur,i. crosser, crucihuhun , lacuhrum." CATH. a.\g. curious representation of the cresset of the time of Henry III. occurs in one of the subjects fi-om the Paintcd Chamber, engraved in the Jlonum. Vetusta, vol. vi. where Abimeleeb is pourtrayed attempting to set fire to the tower cf Thebes. Gower relates that in Gideon's Uttle troop every man had

"

"

A potte of erthe, in which he tath A light brennyng in a cresset." Conf. Am.

lib. viii.

This word is derived from the French, " crasset, lampe de nuit." Roquef. See Douce's Illustrations to Shakspeare, and the representations of ancient cressets there given. Hen. IV. Part I. In Queen Elizabeth's Armoury at the Tower, there is one aiBxed on a large spear-headed pole. " Cresset, a lyght, flamheau, fallot.'''' palsg. " Falot, a cresset light (such as they use in Playhouses) made of ropes wreathed, pitched, and put in small and open cages of iron." cotgr. ^ " AnagliipfiM dicuntur ernincntcs j^jicturcE, sicut sunt in froniispiciis ecclesiaruvi, et in cdiis altis locis. Anglice, borde of paiuters." ortus. The finishing which surmounts a screen, roof, or other ornamental part of a structure, was calleJ a crest, sucli as is seen at Exeter Cathedral on tbe high-riJged roof. The Stat. 17 Edw. IV. c. 4, comprises an enactment respecting tbe manufaeture and dimensions " de tewle, apptllez pleintile, aMi/'t;/rtfiftf nosrnez thaktile, roftile, ou crestile," the prescribed length of the last being 13 in. the thickness five-eights, with convenient deepness accordyng. Crest-tiles, pierced with an omamental open pattern, were to be seen on the roof of the ancient hall of the Templars, at Temple Balsall, AVarwickshire. In Hairs Cbron. are uescribed " crestes karued wyth vinettes and trailes of sauage woorke," wbich ornamented the Banqueting-house prepared at Greenwieh in 1527. Reprint, pp. 606, 722,
*' Crest of a house, coypeau de la maison.'''' palsg. The Glossary of Architecture cites several authorities, in which the use of the term crest occurs.

See above balke of a londe eryd. " Porca est terra illa que eminet inter duos ORTUS. In tbe MeduIIa 'polipui is rendered " a schrympe," and in the Ortus " a lepeste," or lobster but the fish here intended is probably the ciaw-fish, Canccr Ast.tcus, Linn. wbich still Ijears the iiame in the North of England, and Jamieson gives it the ap*
,'!?.'/coS."

pellatiou crcvish.

'

Crcues, a fysshe,

escreaice.^''

palsg.

PROMPTOniUM PARVULORUM.
haue howe (halowc.
leuma,
c. f.

103

r.)'

Ce-

Crympylle, or rympyllc. Ruga. Crympled, or rymplcd. Rugatus.

Crvmplyn', or rymplyiT.
Rugo.

Crye,

01-

grete noyse a-moiig thc

pe2>le (in the people, r.)

Tu-

Crypylle

(cripil,

k.

crepyll, p.)

miiltus.

Quadriplicator, cath. claudus,

])at

Cryak, he

cryethe yn a mer-

contractus.

ket, or in a feyre. Declaniato)', preco, c. F. {i^roclamator, p.)

Crysme

(holy, p.) oyle.

Crisma.
lyke.^

Cryspe, as here, or
CrispUS,

o]jer

Cryyn'.
(cribbe

Clamo, vocifero.
or
bose,
k.)^

Crybbe, or cracche, or manger

Prese-

KYLW. Cryspheed, or cryspenesse. Crispitudo, CATH.

pium,

jyresepe.

Scatera. Crykke, sekenesse (or crampe, H. SjKismus, secundum p.) medicos, tetanus, vg. in teter.

Cryke

of watyr.

Cryste (criyst, xpc, Crystalle, stone. Crystyndame.*

Cristianismus.

K.)

Cristus.

Cristallus.

Cristianitas,

Crysten

manne

or

womanne.
Pedum,

Crykette.
lus,

Salamandra,
(grillus, p.)

cril-

Cristianus, Cristiana.

COMM.

Croce

of a byschope.^

' " Celeuma est damor 7iauticus, vel cantus, %it heuylaw roniylawe." ortus. See hereafter halow, schypmannys crye. * In the Legenda Aurea the manger in which our Saviour was laid is termed a crybbe or racke ; in the WiclitRte version it is callcd a cratche, Luke xi. 7. " Cratche " Creirhe, a cratch, rack, oxe-stall, or crib." for horse or oxen, crMic.^'' palsg. COTG. See Nares's Glossary. booc, or boos, occiirs previously.

is that curleth, crespe, crespeleux.'"' palsg. In the Cath. cryspyngeyrene, acus, calamistnm.'" * Honnan uses this word in tho sense of the common term Christcning; "I was called Wyllyam at my Christendome, die histrico.^' So likewise in the Cath. Angl. "A crystendame, haptismus, ha'jitisnw,, Christianitas * Tlie pastoral staff with a curved head, to which the appellation clevstaffe has been given previously in the Promptorium, was called croee, crosse, croche, or crutch, words " Croce, liiuus ce noni vient de croc, pource derived from the Frencli croce or croche. qiCune croce est crochue,''^ nicot. In Piers Ploughnian's Vision, line 5089, it is said that Do-best " bereth a bisshopes crosse,'' with one extremity hooked and attheconsecration of a churoh, according to the Legenda Aurea, " the bysshop gootli all aboute tlire tymes, and at cuery tyme that lie cometli to that dore, he knocketli with his crosse," in the Latin original " hacalo pastorali.'" Chaucer uses the word croee. " Crosse for a " Pedvm, croche." bysshoppe, crosseJ'' palsg. Vocab. Rov. MS. 17 C. xvii. " Canihuca, a crutche." ortus. cruche, camhuca, peduiu.'" cath. angl. costly " cruche " occurs in tho Inventory taken at Fountains Abbey, and published by Burton. In Ang. Sax. cruce signifies both a cross and a crook, and from similarity of sound between eross and croce, words perfectly distinct in their derivation, some confusion of terms has arisen, especially as regards tlie uaaal acceptance of the word crosier, which has been supposed to be incorrect. Crosier, however, properly signifies the pastoral staff, or eroce, tlie incurved hcad of which was tcrmed in French crosseron, part thus iii LSrooke' Book of Precedcnts it appears, that at thc of the insignia of Bishops

"Cryspc
is

as ones heer

Angl.

given "

.''''

"A

104

PROMPTORirM PARVrLORUM.
Crokyn'
(croniyn,
k. h.
p.)

KYLw. Dicc. camhnca, c. f. KYLW. crocea. CrociariuSj cambuCrocere.^ carius, crucifer, cath. pedarius, KYLW. cruciferarius. SemimiCrochett of songe. nima {simpla, p.) Croke, or sclieT[)e lioke (crotclie, H. p. ci-oche, w.) Pedum, c. f. tiG. camhuca (podium, P.) Curvus, Crokyd, or wronge.

Unco, cath. {vinco, k.) Cromre, or crome (crowmbe, p.)Bucus, c. F. {unccus, k. p.) arpax, c. f. Cronycle, or cronykylle. Cronica, historia.

Cronyclere.

Cronicus,

histo-

ricus, c. F. (Jiistoriagraphus, k.)

Crope, supra in crawe of a

(Cahus, vesicida, k.)^

byrcle.

Crokyd

(refexus, tortus, p.) (or lame, p.) supra in crypylle (claudus, tortus, k.)

Croppe
Cima, cath.

of
c. f.

an

erbe

or

tree.'*

coma,
of corne

capillamentum,

makyii' or Crokyn', Curho (curvo, k.)

wronge.

Croppe
K.)

yn a yere

(^ere

Annona.

marriage of Philip and Marv in 1554, the Bishops present had their " crosiers carried Fox says that Bonner, who was then Bishop of before them." Leland, CoU. IV. 398. London, at the degradation of Dr. Taylor in 1555, wouhl not strike him with his " crosier-staff " upon the breast, lest he should strike again. Minsheu says that " croce is a shepherd's crooke in our old English ; hence the staffe of a Bishop is called
the crocier or crosier."

In the relation of the marcath. ang. said that " one Syr Edward Gryme, that was his ci'oyser, put forthe his arme with the crosse to bere of the stroke. and the stroke smote the crosse on sonder." Legenda Aur. At the first progress of Henry VIL after
'

"

croser,

cruciferarius,

crucijer.'"

tyrdora of St.

Thomas

of Canterbury

it is

York, the Archbisliop's ' suffragan was croyser, and bar the Archebisshops crosse." LeL Colh iii. 192. It appears, however, by the Promptnrium, that the appellation crocere denoted also the bearer of a pastoral statf,
his coronation, during the solemnities at

In this sense Higins, in the version of Junius' Noraenclator, 1585, renders a crosier's staffe, or a Bishop's staffe." ^ This word, signifying a staff with an hooked end, is still retained among the provincialisms of Norfolk and Suffolk, and is traced by Forby to the Belg. crom. uncus. " dung-crorae," and Jamieson gives crummock, or crummie-staff, a Tusser speaks of a Aiig. Sax. crumb, rurviis, stick with a crooked head. ^ Forby gives crop, as the name applied to the craw of a bird, Teut. krop, stomachus according to Jainieson it signifies the same in X. Britain, and also the liuman stomacli. Ang. Sax. cropp, ijuUuris vcsicula. * "A croppe, cima.''^ cath. angl. Chaucer uses this word repeatedly, signifying the topmost bouglis so likewise Gower, alluding to the confused state of affairs in the latter part of the reign of Richard II. says,
or erosier.

"

litvus,

''

Nowe

stante the croppe vnder the rote,

is

The world

chaunged ouerall."

Conf.

Am.

Prologue.
ciraa.

Crap has the samc signification in thc Nortli, asgiven by Jamieson. Ang. Sax. crop,

rROMrToniUM paryulorum.
Croppere,
K. p.)
01-

105

crowpyu'

(croper,

Postela, subtela, cath.

Amarnsca, Crowefote, herbc. emeroydarum, vel amarusca

pes corvi.

Cropon'

of a beste (croupe or cropon, H. p.) Clunis.

Crosse (cros, K. H.) Crux. Crossydde. Crucesignatus.

Crowen, as cokkes. Crowken, as cranes. Crowken, as todes,

(froggis, p.)3

Gallicanto.

Gruo.
or
frosshes

Croppe

of a tre or other lyke (crote

of a turfe, k. h. p.) Glebicula, glebula, cath. glebella.

Coaxo. Crowne, or corowne. Corona. Crownere, or corownere. Coronator.

Crowde, instrumeut
Cho-rus.

of musyke,i

Crowde, barowyr. Cenivectorium. Nota snpra in barowe.

C(r)owper, Crowse, or

sujira in crowpon'.

cruse, potte (crowce

Crowde wythe
vecto.

a barow.-

Cincii.

Amula, c. f. or crwce, p.) Curde (crudde, k. h. p.)* Coagulum.

Crowdyn', or showen (xowyn,

shoue, p.)
Impello.
Cenivectura.

Cruddyd.

Coagulatus.
Crudelis,

Crowdvnge, caryynge wythe a

barowe.

Cruddyn'. Coagulo. Cruel, man or beste.

severus, truculentus.

Crowdy'nge, or schowynge. Pressura, pulsio.

Cruel

min(i)ster.

Satelles, ug.

Crowe,
'

byrde.

Coi-vus.
to

Cruelte. Cruett.5

Crudelitas, severitas.

Ampidla, phiola.
fiddle,

The crowde appears

have been a six-stringed instrument resembling a

Wales crwth, and in Scotland cruit. Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers, who wrote at the close of the Vlth century, enumerating the kinds of music peculiar to different countries, uses this expression, " Chrotta Britanna placet.'^ Carm. lil). vii. c. 8. In the Wicliffite version, Judges xi. 34 is thus rendered, " ForsoJ?e whanne lepte turnede ajen his oon gendrid dou^ter cam to him wij^ tympans and croudis." The word occurs again, Luke xv. 25. " Coralla, a crowde. Coraldus, a crowdere." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " A crowde, corus, lira ; Corista, qui vel gue ca^pit i/i eo."'
called in

CATH. ANGL. " Croude, an instrument, rebecq. Croudar, iouevr de rehecq." palsg. The English interpretation of the Equivoca of Joh. de Garlandia gives " chorus, crouthe.'" ^ Of the barrow, called in the Romance of Sir Amiloun a " croude wain," and still called in the Eastern Counties a crud-barrow, some notice has been taken under the word BAROWE. The use of the verb occurs in the following passage, after the description of the leprous knight being placed in the barrow,

" Then Amoraunt crud Sir Arailoun Thurch mani a cuntre vp and down."

Amis and Amiloun.

push or shove. ^ This temi, as well as several others of synonymous meaning, appear to be onomatopeias, and to be traced to their similarity of sound to the noise which they express. The Medulla explains coax to be " vox ranaruni, croudynge of padokys.'" Palsgrave gives " to crowle, crouiller. My bely crowleth, I wene there be some padokes in it." Horman says, " his bely maketh a great crowlynge, patitur hothorygmon.'''' In N. Britain to croud, according to Ruddiman, signifies the noise of frogs. See Jamieson. ^ hulducta, coafjiliium.'''' cath. angl. " Cruddes of mylke, 7ae." palsg. A. cmdCiQ, * The vessels which contained the wine and water for the service of the altar were
as signifying in Suffolk to
^

Moore

gives the verb to

crowd

'

camd. soc.

106

PR0JIPT01UU3I PARVULORUJI.

Crujime. Mica. Crumji' brede, or ojicr lyke (crummvn, K. n.) Mico.

Cruschylbone,
(crussliell, p.)'

or

grj^stylboue

Cartilago.

Cruschyn, or quaschyii'. Quasso. Crusshyn' bonys. Ocillo, ug.

Crusky'x', or cruske, coop of Cartesia.
er])e."

Cu, halfc a farthynge, or c|. (cue, p.)^ Calcns, c. p. minutum, CATH. CuFFE, glove, or meteyne (myttcn, Mitta {ciroteca, j.) p.) CuKKOw, byrde (ciikhew, biyd, k.)
Cuculus.

CuKKYXGE,

Cruste.

Cnistwn, ug.

or pyspige vessclle. Scajyhiwn, ug. in scando. CuKSTOKE, for flyterys, or schy-

in Latin ^)7i/rt/<p, wrceoH, amulvlcr, in French Inirettes, cheimettes, &c. Constitutions of Walter de Cantihipe in 1240 require that in every church there should be " duce pkialce, una vinaria, altera aqvaria ; " and at the Synod of Exeter in 1287 it was ordained that there should be " tres 2>kialce.'' Wilkins, Concil. i. 666, ii. 139. Aniong the costly bequests of the Black Prince in 1376 to our Lady's altar at

calied cruets,

The

Cantcrbury, are nientioned '^ deux cruets taillez corne denx angeles, j)vr servir a mesriie Horman, under the head of things sacred, says, Have Vautier ferpetv-ehmeyd.'''' pure wyne and water in the cruettes, aiaulis.^' In Norfolk, according to Forby, crish or crush signifies cartilage, or soft bones, and in Suffolk crussel or skrussel has a similar meaning. Ang. Sax. gristl-ban. ^ This term is derived from the old French word creusequiii, which signifies a drinking cup. In a MS. Inventory, dated 137S, 1 Ric. II. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, are enumerated " Un iietit cruskyn oue le pee et le couercle d'argent enoi-re TJii ^50< d'argent llanc cm gu^H TJii crushyn de t^n-e garnis cVargent, &c. et eym". XJn crv.shyn de terre couere de quir bencle cVun crvshyn, oue le courcle sanz por/ielle. Among the " ^^ertinencia pi-oniptuario ," in en la sumete cVor et le couercle d'or.'''' Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002, oceur " cornua, horne cuppe, ^^''carius, cruskyn."
'

smallest Anglo-Saxon eoin was the styca, of which two were equal to a farRuding observes that the stycas appear identical with the " '/Ki'/<?ita," Domesd. i. f. 268, and tlie passage rendered in the Saxon Gospels, " twegen stycas,'" is in the Wicliffite version, " tweie mynutis, that is a farthing.'' !Mark, xii. 42. See mym:te liereafter. In Duncombe's Hist. of Reculver is given a mortmaj^n grant, dated 13 Henry VI. 1435, in which half a farthing is named as a portion of rent paid to the Hospital of Herbaldowne, namely, " xxv scheh-nges, and the haifin dell of an fferdyng of rente. and rente jeldynge of a quat' of berr', and an henne and a half, a certell (sarAt the time however that cella) and \>& iij parte of a certell," &c. Bibl. Top. i. 151. the Promptorium was compiled it does not appear that there was actually a coin of
^

The

thJng.

value the mite, as well as its equivalcnt, called here a cu, were nierely temis retained in calculation, and the latter was commonly used at Oxford at a much later period. It is thus explained by Jlinsheu, who completed his first edition in that " University, cue, i. halfe a farthing, so called because they set down in the Battling or Butterie bookes in Oxford and Cambridge the letter q. for halfe a farthing, and in Osford wlien they make that cue or q. a farthing, they say, Cap my q. and make it a farthing, thus q^. But in Cambridge they use this letter, a little s. for a farthing, and when they dcmand a farthing bread or beare, they say a seize of bread or beare. Latin, cidcus, a cue of bread."' The abbreviation q. did not, it plainly appears, always stand as at present for c^iiadrans, a farthing, but denotcd a value of only half that amouut; and it secms possible that cue or q. may have been an abbreviation of " calcus, cjuarta pars oto/i." ouTUS. The terni cue occurs in Beaumont and Fletcher. See Nares's Glossary.
tliis
;

PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.
deiys
(cukstoUe,
k.

107
or

cncstool,

CuLLYNGE,

owtc

schesyugc

n.y Turbuscetiim, cadurca. Cullyn' owte. lego, Serjreffo,

separo
{eligo, k.)

chesyng, ii. (owtclesyng, k. Separacio, chosiuge owte, p.)

segrcgacio.

' " TerMcketum, a cokstole." ortus. "Cokestole, cuckestole, selle a ricakles.'^ PALSG. The earliest mention of this mode of punishing feraale oftenders occurs in tho laws of Chester in tlie time of Edward tlie Confessor, as stated in Doinesd. i. f. 262, b. The tine for using false measures was fixed at 4 shillings ; " niiniliter mafam cervisiani It was faciens, aut iii cathedra ponehatur stercoris, aut iiij sol. dabat j^re^wsitis." called in Ang. Sax. " scealfing-stol, sella uriiiatoria in qiia rixosie midieres sedentes aquis demergehantur.'''' somner. The pillory for male offenders, and cucking-stool for inquest was feraales, were essentially appendant to the view of frank-pledge, or Leet ordered to be made respecting the suffieient provision of both, by the Stat. assigned to 51 Hen. III. c. 6; and among the " Capitula Escaetrie,'"' one of the duties of thc Kscheator is declared to be inquiry " t^e pilloriis et iriiiiihellis si)ie liceutia Hetjis le:

It was termed, perhaps frora its reserablancc to a Stat. of Realm, i. 201, 240. warlike engine so called, trehiichet, or trehuchetum. See hereafter trebget for werre. By Bractou it is spoken of as tijmborella, and in the Statutes tumhrellus, appellations likewise derived froni its construction. An instance of tlie jealousy with whieh any unauthorized assumption of this manorial rigbt of punishment was repressed, occurs in the Chron. of Jocelin de Brakelond, p. 38, where it is related that about 119ii ceitain cncroachments wei'e made on the privileges of the Abbot of St Edmund-s Bury, in the manor of Illegh; " levavenmt homiiies cle Illega quoddam trehacliet ad faciendam justiciam pro falsis mensuris panis vel hladi mensu,randi, unde conquestus est ahbas.'' This punishment was chiefly inflicted in early times on brewers, who are spokeu of always as females, for any transgression of the assize of ale, " Braciatrix {pac'uiiar) trebuchelum Stat. of Realin, i. 2'Jl, vel castigatoi-iam j''^ in Scotland it was used in like manner. and Skene's Reg. Majest. It became subsequently the punishment of scolds, and women of immoral or disorderly life thus in the town of Montgomery such offenders were adjudged to sutier the penalty " de la Goging-stoole," as appears by a MS. cited in Blount's Tenures in the Leet Book of Coventry mention oecurs in 1423, of the " cokestowle made apon Chelsmore grene to punysche skolders and chidders, as y<^ law " and iteras of account are found so late as 1623, wliicli show that the punishwyll nient still continued to bc used in that city. Of the " coke-stool " at Norwich, which was to be provided by the gild of St. George, see Blomf. llist. ii. 739 an account of expenses connected with another at Kingston-on-Thames is given in Lysons"s Env. i. 233; and in Lord Braybrooke's Hist. of Audley End, p. 261, are mentioned payments so l.ate as the year 1613, at Saffron Walden, where the scene of such punishments at the In 1555 Mary end of the High Street is spoken of in 1484 as the " cokstul hend. " Queen of Scots enacted that itinerant singing women sliould be put on the cuckstoles of every burgh or town and tlie first Homily against contention, j)art 3, published in 1562, sets forth that " in all well ordred cities common brawlers and scolders be punished with a notable kind of paine, as to be set on the cucking-stole, pillory, or such like.'" An original cucking-stool, of ancieut and rude construction, was preserved in the crypt undcr the chancel of St. Mary's, Warwick, where may still be scfn tlio threewheeled carriage upon which was suspended by a long balancod pole a chair which could rcadily be lowered into thc water, when the cumbrous vehicle Iiad been rolled into a Another cuckingconvenient situation. This chair is still in existenee at Warwick. it appears stool, differently contrived, may be scen at Ipswich in the Cu.stom Ilouse to have been used by means of a sort of a crane, whereby the victim was slung into the river, and is reprosented in the Hist. of Ipswich, pnblished 1830, and (xent. Mag. Jan. 1831. Moru dctailcd iuformation on this curious subject vvill bc found in the
vatis.''''
; ; : ; ; ;

108

PROMPTORIUJI PARTDLOEUM.
of

CuLME
H. p.)

a smelve Fuligo.

(of smeke,

CoMLY, or cnmljwyse. Decenter. (CuMLiNGE, or newe come, k. p.^

Adventicius, ug. inc^uilinus,)

(CuLPO-mj, K. culpyn, h. v.y Culpum, scissura. CuLRACHE, smerthole, herbe (cnlratche, h. p.)^

(Commawndement,

k. h. p.

Man-

Persiccaria.
Cultru?n.)
k.

(CuLTER for a plowe, p. CuM, or come (cvmnyn,

H.)

datum, p^i^eceptum.) Cumnawnte (comnawnt, k. cunannt, p.)* Pactum, fedus,

convencio.

cvmne,

Venio.

(Cumnawnte
fragus.)

brekere,

k.

Fidi-

AFTERjOr folow(cvmnyn aftyr, K. cvmne, h.) Svccedo, sequor. CuM DOWNE. Descendo. C\M YN. Ingredior, introeo. Cvm' too. Advenio. CuMLY (or semelj, p.) supra in
C03IELY.

CuM

Cumnawntyn', or make a cumnawnte.

Cumpany.

Convenio, pango. agmen, Comitiva, conturhernium, turba, turma, cetus {conventicidum, propiHe,

mcdorum,

p.)

ii.

Glossaries of Ducange, Spelman, Blount, and Cowel; as also in Brand^s Popular Antiqu. 441. The term flyterys, here applied to eontentious persons, does not occur again in the Promptorium, but only the verb flytin or chydiiT. See hereafter kukstole.
'

tion cut off,

Culpon, derived from the Latin co/po, or the French cotipon, a shred, or any poris a term not uncommon in the early romances.

" Al to peces thai hewed thair The culpons flegh out in the
Hoveden, speaking of the
Ricliard in
livery allowed

sheldes,
feldes."

Ywaine and Gawin, 641.

of Scotland at the court of King he had " 40 grossos longos colpones de dominica candela Regis.^'' Chaucer says of the long liair of the Pardoner, whieh hung '" by vnces " on his shoulders,
to the

King

1194,

saj-s

"

FuU

thinne

it

laie,
is

by culpons one and one."

Cant. Tales, Prologue.

" Culpon that troute "

given as the proper term of the art, in the " Boke of Kerving," 15U8. " Culpit, a large lump of anything." forby. 2 The Persicaria hydropiper, Linn. was called culrage, from the French '^curage, COTGR. Its culrage, the hearbe water-pepper, arse-smart, kill-ridge or cukrage." aphrodisiac properties are thus alluded to by Piers of Fulham,

"

An

erbe is cause of all this rage In our tongue called culrage."

Hartshorne, Metr. Tales,

IS-S.

See COMELYNGE. Sir Ywaine, when lie had long time left the lady whom he had espoused in a foreign land, is called by her messenger, " an unkind cumlyng." Ywaine aiid Gawin, 1627. " Komelynge " occurs in Rob. of Gloucester; " comlyng." R. Brunne. * Cumnawnte or comenaunt are perhaps corruptions of tlie French couceuant. In Sir John Howard's Houseliold Book, entries frequently occur of agreements niade with domestics or artificers, always expres-ed by the term comenaunt. In 1464 his steward " My master made comenaunt at Fressefeld with made the following note Carpenter, y* he schalle be wyth hym this xii monyth, and he shalle have in mony xsx5. and a gowne, and his comenaunt begynnith the iiii. yer of the Kynge, and the next Monday before myhelmesse." Household Expenses in England, presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. Palsgrave gives " comnant, appoyntment, conuenant. To comnaunt, conuenancer ; that that I comnaunt with you shall be parfourmed." Compare breke couenant above, p. 50; in which instance, if the correct reading be
'
:

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

109

CoMPANYABLE,
felawly.

01'

felawble,

or

Socialis.

Congrus, comm. fysche. Coniuryn', or cuniowryiT. Con-

CuNGYR,

Girus.) (CuMPAS, or sercle, p. CirciCuMPASSE, instrument.

nus, circulus, machina.

juro, adjuro, exorcizo.

CoNiURYD, or con(iu)ryd.
juratus.

Con-

Cumpassyn' (cvmpacyn,
cino.

k.)

Cir-

CoNiURYNGE,
Conjuracio.

or

coniurynge.

Cumplyne.i

CuNDYTE

Completorium. Conductus, aqueductus, aquagium, c. f. CuNE, or money (coyne of mony, K.) Nummisma, assarium, c. f.
of watyr.

CuNSTABLE.

Coustahularius
(or
chcre,
P.)

CuNTENAWNCE
Vidtus.

CuNTRE.

Patria.

CoNTREMANN, or womanii'.
jjatriota, {jjatriota, k. p.)

Com-

CuNNE, or

to

haue cunnynge (cun,

Scio.

supra in cone, p.)

CuppE.

(CuNNYNGE, K. p. Scieucia.) CuNGE, or yeve leve (cungyii, or

zeue leue, k. h.
conuenant,
p.)^

(CuppE
sia.)

of

Ciphus, j)atera, cuppa. Cartheerthe, p.

Licencio.

CuPBURDE.3

Ahacus,

c. F.

Amadas,

it will accord perfectly with the French word. " conande " occurs in the sense of a covenant:

In the Romance of Sir

line 700.

" The conande was gud and fynne."

Weber, Metr. Rom.

In Mr. Robson's edition the word is printed " couand," possibly a contraction of " couenand," which is found in tlie context. See stanzas 63, 64, the Anturs of Arther, st. 16, and Avowynge of King Arther, s. 38, where occurs the same word " couand." Comphne, called in Latin Completorium, comjileta, or com^^ilenda, " quod ccetera diurna offlcia coinplet et claudit," duc. is the service with which in monastic establishments the day closed, after whicli, by tlie rule of St. Benedict, all converse was It was called in Ang. Sax. niht-sang, vesj^ertina cantio, completoriiim, and forbidden. Abbot JEUtic speaks of it in his pastoral Epistle translated from Latin into the language of England, by order, as he states, of Abp. Wulstan. The seven canonical liours, that the four synods had appointed for daily services of praise to God, are in this epistle stated to be matins with the after song appertaining thereto, prime, tierce, sext, none, vespers, and compline (niht-sang). Ancient Laws and Institutes, ii. 377. See Amalarius says, " complealso the Regularis concordia Angl. nationis monachorum.
'

torium ideo dicitur quia in eo completur quotidianus usus cihi vel potus, seu locutio communis.'''' De Eccl. Offic. lib. iv. c. 8. The hour of compline is stated by Fuller, in his Church History, B. vi. 278, to have been at 7 o'clock, but in Davies' Rites of the Church of Durham, it is fixed at an earlier hour. CuNTE, MS. The verb cungyiT is evidently derived from the low Latin congeare, and French congeer, signifying to send away, to give license to depart. ' In the Commentary on the Equiv. Vocab. Interpret. of Joh. de Garlandia ahacus is explained to be the marble table whereon, in the feasts of the ancients, the cups were placed; " apud taodernos Jit de aliis lapidihus, sive de lignis artificiose conjunctis, et vocatur a cupborde." The cupboard was, in the more common sense of the word, an open buffet, whereon a rich display of plate was made, such as Hall and other chroniclers describe frequently. It was also sometimes closed with doors, as usual at the such as in the will of Elizabeth Drury, in 1475, is called a " cupbord present time
'^ ;

with two almeries.'" Rokewode's Hund. of Thingoe, 284. The livery cupboard, often mentioned In accounts and ordinances of household, was open, and furnished with

110

PROMPTORIUM PARVUL0RU5I.
o])er lyke.

Currayyn' horsys, or
Strigillo.

Ignitegium. CuRFU.^ CuRYx', or byllyn' (cntieren, w.)

Operio,
coojyerio,
tego,

ledyr. Cociodio, Currayyn' KYLW. (corradio, p.) Equus CuRSER, or cow(r)ser.

velo,

cahallus.

CATH. CuRYx', or heelyn' of seekenesse Sano, curo. (holyn, K. H.)

Curate. CuRE, or
shelves,

Curatus.
cliarge.

CuvERTOGE,
Cura.

or

hyllynge,

or

thynge

]?at

hyllythe

(cnryng,

whereon the ration called a livery, allowed to each member of the household was placed and in well ordered families every dormitory appears to have been supplied In the contract for building Hengrave Hall, in nightly with a substantial provision.
;

is the following clause ; " the hall to have ii. coberds, one benethe at the sper Pals(screen) with a tremor, and another at the hygher tables ende without doors." grave gives " cupborde of plate, or to sette plate upon, hvjfct : cupborde to putte meate Methinke my cupborde is ungarnysshed, nowe I wante my salte celler." in, dressoner.

1538,

Cotgrave renders " Biijfet, a court-cupboard, or high standing cupboard ; also a cupboard of plate. Dressorr, a court cupboord (without box or drawer)." ' The origin of the curfew in England is generally ascribed to the Conqueror, by vhom it was imposed in token of servitude, Lut the assertion seems to rest on no sufficient authority, and no mention of the usage occurs in the Stat. de nocturnis custodiis, Dr. Henrj' observes that the custom prevailed, Ancient Laws and Instit. i. 491. at the time of the Conquest, in France, and probably in all the countries of Europe, and was intended merely as a precaution against fires, at a time when cities were conIt has been stated also that the custom was abolished by structed chiefly of wood. Henry II. The Statutes of the City of London, 13 Edw. I. enjoin that no one shall streets " apres coeverfii pirsone a Sevat MarV/n le grav/iit.'''' Stat. of bc found in the Realm, i. 102. Couvre feu, or carfou in France was rung at 7 in the evening, but in See sorae places at a later hour in summer, and there was also a bell at daybreak. In England the hour of ringing the curfew was eight, Pasquier, iv. 18, and Menage. "Wats, however, gives nine as the hour in summer ; that hour is so named in " the Merry Devil of Edmonton," and it was the customary time in Scotland, as appears by Act Parl. 13 James I. 1419, but subsequently was altered to ten. The usage of the curfew is still retained in the Universities, and many tovvns and villages in England, as is likewise the custom of ringing a bell at day-break, or four o'cIock. At Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, the largest bell of the principal churches is still tolled
both morning and evening, and serves as a signal to labourers and artizans. The commonly called the an[jelu3, vvas recited daily morning and evening, " ad pulsatioueM iejrtitegii," an institution aserilted to St. iJonaventure, but more probably, as Ducange observes, to Pope John XXII. at the Council of Sens, 1320. In the Statutes of Lichfield Cathedral, it is ordered as follows ^^ Esi av.tem ignitegium qualibet nocte per annurii 'piilsandiim Iiora septimd post meridiem, exceptis illis
at six,

satiUatio angelica,

fcstis

qv.ilus

matutrna;

dicuntur post completorium.^''

In the Institutions of Guarin,

Abbot of St. AlbanX who died 1195, the curfew is called pi/ritegiwn. Matt. Paris. The MeduIIa renders " ignitegium, a coure feu," in the Ortus "a fyrepanne," alluding perhaps to such an implement for extinguishing the fire, as is represented in Antiqu. Repert. i. 89, and which was afterwards in the possession of Horace Wal^jole at Straw" Courefewe, a ryngyng of belles towarde euenyng, couurcfev.'''' palsg. berry Hill. In the Romance of the Seuyn Sages the word in repeatedly written " corfour bell.'' " Curfur, ignitegium.'^ cath. angl. See curfure in Jamieson. Spoiman Vlth Tale. gives thc Ang. Sax. curfu-bell, but it is not fouud in Lye. See furthcr on tliis subjcct Brand's Pupular Antiqu. ii. 136, aud liarrington on the Anc. Stat. 133.

PROMPTOUIUJI PARVULORUM.
K. H.) Opercuhuny vclametitum, velamen, tegimen. CuRYNGE, or heelyiigc of sekenesse. Curacio, sanacio. CuRYNGE, or recurynge of seke-

111
Consuctc,
solite.

CusTUMABLY. CusTUMMERE.

Custumarius, usuScissus.

captor, c. F. consuctudinarius.

CcTTE a-sundere.

nesse.

Convalescencia.
Crisjnis.

CuRLYD, as hcrc.

CuRLYNGE of herc. CuRLEW, byrde.

CuRCE.

Crisjntudo. Coturnix, ortogameter, ortogametra, c. f.

CuT, or lotc. Sors. Cuttyn' (cutte, or cutton, p.) Seindo, seco, cath. Cuttyyn' a-way. Abscindo, reseco, amputo. CcTTE vynes. Puto, c. f.

Excommunicatio,

ana-

CuTTYNGB of

vyiiys.

Putacio.

thema, maledictio.

(CuRSYD, K.
maledictus.)

Excommunicatns,

CuTTYNGE. Scissura. CuTTYNGE, or a-voydauncc yn any

niateryalle thynge, (mater', p.) or refuse. Resecamen, putamen.

Cursyn'.

Excommunico, anaFacetus,

thematizo, cateziso, maledico.

CuTTPURS.
dramus.

CURTEYSE.
curialis.

urbanus,
urbanitas.

Burscida, et inde burscidium, actus ejus, cucufrip.

CURTESY.
curialitas.

Facecia,

(CuT PURSINGE,

Burcidium.)

CuRTEYNE. Curtina. CuRTLAGE, or gardcyn'.

rium, curtilagium.

Olera-

Daffe, or

dastard,

or

he

}5at

Cus,or kysse. Osculum,basium, c.f. CuscHONE (cusshyn, p.) Cuscina, snpinnm. CusTUM, or vse. Consuetudo, ritus. CusTUJi, kyngys dute. Custuma,
{usucaptio, p.) CusTUMABLE. Solitus, consuetus.
'

spekythe not yn tyme.i durUS, CATH.

Ori-

Daggare,
Pugio

to

steke

wythc mcn'.
armicu-

(^clunabidum,

dium, p.)

Dagge
cath.

of

clothe,

Fractillus,

Daggyde.2

Fractillosns.

This term of reproach occurs in Piers Ploughman and Chaucer,

"Thou
datfed,"

dotest daffe,

quod

she, dulle are thy wittcs."

Chaucer uscs the cxpressions, "a

daffe, or a

cokenay," in a similar scnse, and " beClerkes Tale.

:

made a

fool of,

" Beth not bedaffed for your innocence.'" In the " seconde
fyt of curtasie

" occurs

the following advice

J^y staf,

" Let not

'

J>e

post

be-cum

Lest J^ou be callet a dotet daf."

Sloane

MS. 1986,

f.

28, b.

Chaucer, among the costly fashions of the reign of ms. daggyd, k, p. Richard IL which are satirized in the Parson's Tale, speaks of " pouiiscd and daggod clotliing;" this custom of jagging of foliating the edge of a garment had commenctd in the previous reigii, and is curiously represcnted in the Ilistory of the Deposition of

Draggyde,

112
Daggyn'.
Fractillo.

PROMPTORIUM PARVnLORUM.
Vallis. Dale, or vale. Dayly, or pley (daly,

Daggysweyne.1 Lodix, cath. Day. Dies.

c. f.

k.

p.)^

Tessura,
(or
Qtio-

c. f. (alea, decius,

k.)
col-

Day

be day, or

oueiy day

Dalyaunce.
Dalyyn',

Confahulacio,

daily, or euery day, p.)

tidie.

locncio, collocjuium.

Dayyn', or wexyii day (dawyn, k.)2

Diesco. Day's rawarde
lyke.

or talkyn'. confahulor, colloquor.

Fahidor,

or

hp*e, or
c. f.

ofer

Diariim,
flowre.
et

Daysy,
nor,

Consolida
dicitur

mi-

inajor

confeiy

(cownfery, k.)

Dalke.'* Vallis {supra in dale, p.) Dallyn, or hallesyn (halsyn, k.) Amplector. AmDallynge, or halsynge. plexus. Dalmatyk, k. v.y Dabaatica.)

Richard, Harl. MS. 1319. Archoeologia, vol. xx, Chaucer nses also the diminutive thus in the Sompnoures Tale the importunate Friar, who went from house to house to collect anything he could lay hands upon, craves " a dagon of your blanket, leve dame." Ang. Sax. " dag, anything that is loose, dagling, dangling." SOMN. bed-covering, or a garment formed of frize, or some material with long thrums like a carpet, was termed a daggysweyne lodix is explained in the Ortus to be " qidcquid in lecto sv/jjponitur, et jjrojrrie 'ijannus viUosus, Anijlice a.\>\Bxikei.'' Horman says, " my bed is covered with a daggeswaine and a quylte {gavsape et cerdone) soxae dagwaynys haue longe thrumys {fractillos) and iaggj on bothe sydes, some but on one." So likewise Elyot gives " Gausape, a mantell to caste on a bed, also a carpet to lay on a table, some cal it a dagswayne." Andrew Borde, in the Introduction of Knowledge, 1542, puts the following speech in the mouths of the Frycelanders

dagon

'

"

symple rayment doth serue us fuU well, With dagswaynes and roudges we be content."

And

Harrison relates in the description of England, written in Essex during the reign of Elizabeth, that the old men in his village used to say, " our fathers (yea and we our selues also) haue lien full oft vpon straw pallets, on rough mats couered onelie with a sheet, under couerlets made of dagswain, or hopharlots (I vse their owne termes) and a good round log vnder their heads insteed of a bolster." Holinshed, Chron. i. 188. " Tlie dayng of day," Anturs of Arther, edited by Mr. Robson, st. 37. See dawyn. * The Council of Worcester, in 1240, ordained regarding the Clergy, " wcc ludant ad aleas vel taxillos ; the latter game was probably the same which is here termed DAYLY, but in what respect it diflered from ordinary dice-play has not been aseertained. Ducange supposes it may have been the same as the French " trictrac, ludus scrupidorum.''' Horman says that " men pley with 3 dice, and children with 4 dalies, astrayv.lis vel talis. Wolde God I coude nat playe at the dalys, aleam. Cutte this
'^

flessche into daleys, tessel/as.'''

* Delk, according to Forby, signifies in Norfolk a small eavity either in the soil, or the flesh of tlie body. In this last sense the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth interprets the expression " au cool tromret la fosset, a dalke in \>e nekke." Arund. MS. 220, f. 297, b. ^ The dalmatic is a sacred vestment, so named, according to St. Isidore, from its having originated in Dalmatia, and was introdueed into the Christian church by St. Silvester,

cnicis

P.P. in the 4th century, as stated by Alcuin, who describes habens in sinistra sud parte fimh-ias, dextrd iis

it

as

" vestimenium in moduin

carenie, inconsutile, et

cum

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

113

Dame, or
7lU)n,

liye

heybanck.
K. p.)

k.)

bankys (dam or Agger (stag-

Dampnyd. Dampnatus. Dampnynge, idem est

dampnacio.

quod

Damage,
Damasyn,

or haiTne.
tre.

Dampnum.

Damasyn',

Nixa.

Damnyn'. Dampno, condempno. Dapyr, or praty.' Elegans.

Dauyn', or drowpyfi', or prively to be hydde (prinyly to hydyn, k. prevyly ben hyd, n.y Latito,
lateo,

frute.

Pmnum Da-

inascenum, coquinella. (Dame, k. p. IJomina.) Dameselle. Domicella.

CATH.

Dampnacyone.

Dampnacio.

Darynge, or drowpynge (drou-

largls manicis.'^ It was specially appropriated to the deacon, wlio was vested therewiih at the time of his ordination, and therefore St. Stephen and St. Laurence, who wcre deacons of the Church, are always represented as wearing this vesture. very interesting portraiture of the former will be found in a MS. of Xlth cent. Calig. A. XIV. In early times the dalmatic was ornamented with longitudinal bands, called

clavl,

" Dalmata, Hence the

which were either of gold, as in the illumination just mentioned, or purple; Gloss. S. Isid. Orig. veslis sacerdotalis candida cum clavis purpureis.^'' epithets auroclavus, chri/soclavus, and purptira clavatus. To these bands

wcre attached at intervals iXia plagulce, aa, exhibited in the illumination of the Bible of Charles the Bald at Paris, executed in the IXth century, engraved in Montfaucon Mon. Franc. tom. i, and tlie splendid work published by the Comte Bastard. See also the curious German Missal, Xth cent. Harl. MS. 2908, and the illumination in Cott. MS. Claud. A. III. supposed to represent St. Dunstan. In the Ang. Sax. Inventoiy of sacred ornaments given by Bp. Leofrie to the church of Exeter about A.D. 1050, occur " 2 dalmatica, 3 pistel roccas." Moa. AngL These last were probably tunieles, vestments appropriated to tlie order of subdeacon, as wus the dalmatic to that of deacon; in effigies and representations that exist in England of ecclesiastics in pont{ficalibits, botli vestments are almost invariably exhibited. The Legate Ottoboni ordained, AD. 1268, that if any Prelate neglected to punish the immoral conduct of his " Ej)isropus a dalmaticce, tardcce, et sandaliorum usu sit suspensus donec clergy, duxerit quce statuta sitnt exequenda.'''' Wilkins, Conc. xi. 5. ' Drapyr, or party, MS. dapyr, or praty, k. p. Palsgrave gives " daper, proper, mignon, godin ; dapyrnesse, propernesse, rnignotierie.'''' * A very usual sense of the verb to dare, in the old writers, is to gaze about, or stare; Palsgrave gives " to dare, prye, or loke about me, je advise cdentour. What darest thou on this facyon, me thynketh tliou woldest catche larkes ?"
''

With woodecokkys
signification
lias

lerne for to dare."

Lydgate, Minor Poems, 174.

The same

assigned, by Tyrwliitt and the commentators on Chaucer, to an expression occurring in the Sliipman's Tale, the true import of vvliich appears above to be made clear. Dan John rallies the old mercliant^s wife on the sluggishness of her spouse :

been

"an olde appalled wight, As ben tbise wedded men, that lie and dare, As in a fourme sitteth a wery hare."
Chaucer appears evidently here to use dare in the sense given to the word in the Promptorium of lying concealed, as an animal in its den, whicli is termed liereafter dweiie, or dowere. Dilatesco, to biginne to dare. Lctteo, to lurk.'" med. Cotgrave gives " blotir, to squat, ly close to the ground, like a daring larke, or affrighted fowle."
'''

(AMI). soc.

114
kyiige, H.

PROMPTORIUJI PARVULORUM.

dronkmge,

p.)

Lici-

Dawnce yn
cercle, h.)

a sorte (in sercle,

P.

tacio Qatitatio, k. h. p.)

Chorea.
Tripudiator,
tri-

Darte. Jacuhim, telum, spiculum (spilum, p.) Darx, or duru (darun, daren, or
dorn, p.) Audeo. Dasyd, or be-dasyd. Vertiginosus.

Dawncere.
pudiatrix.

Dawxceledere. Coralles. quod est Dawncynge, ideni

dawnce.

Dasmyn', or messen as eyys (dasvn,

Dawncynge
Dav\'ncyn'.

or

myssyn
Caligo.

as

eyne,

h.

iyen, p.)i

Dastard,

or

dullarde.2

Duri-

pype. Carola. Tripudio, salto. DaungeCr), or grete passage (dawnger, k. streyte j)assage,
p.)

buctius (yel cluribuccus, p.)

Arta

via.

Date, frute. Dactilus. Date, of Scripture. Datum. Da^vber, or cleymann'. Argilkylw. larius, hituminarius,
linitor (lutor, p.)

(Dawngere,
Domigerium.)

k.

damiger',
strauge,

p.

Dawngerowse
Daungerosus
K. p.)

(or

p.

(domigeriosus,

Daw'byx'.3
710,

Limo, rauro
Tripudium.

(banni-

P.)

Dawyn', idem est cpwd dayyn' (dawnyn or dayen, p.)* Au7'oro,

CATH.

Dawxce,
'

The derivation of this word appears, according to Skinner and Junius, to be from Ang. Sax. dwoes, hehes, sCaltus; the Teut. daesen, insaHire, phardasmate iurhari is more closely assimilated to it. In the WieliiBte version Gen. xxvii. 1 is rendered thus " Foresothe Isaac wax eld, and hise jen dasewiden." The word is repeatedly
:

used by Chaucer.

" Thin eyen dasen,

^

sothly as

me

thinketh."

Manciple^s Prol.

" Ihunhuccus, )?at neuer opene}> his mouj?, a dasiberde." med. " A daysyberd, duri" Dastarde, estourdy, hutariii.^^ palsg. hucciis.^'' CATH. AHQL. See daffe and dul-

LARDE.
Palsgrave gives the verbs " to dawbe with clayonely; to daube with lime, plaster, Dauber, j^lacqHeur." Forby states that or lome, that is tempered witli heare or straw. a dauber in Norfolk is a builder of walls with clay or mud, mixed with stubble or short straw well beaten and incorporated, and so becoming pretty durable; it is now difficult This mode of constructing fences for farm-yards and cottage to find a good dauber. walls is much used in Suffolk, as appears by Sir John Cullum's account of the process, The proverb Hist. of Hawsted, 195, and Moore's explanation of the term " daabing."
*

given by Ray, " there's eraft in dawbing," would make it appear that this mode of construction was once more generally known in the Western counties it is still in continual use, being known by the appellatious cob, or rad and dab, a curious article on whieh. and on the use of concrete in building generally, will be found in Quart. Rev. vol. Iviii. 52i. * " To dawe, dicre, diescere, This verb is used diel, irapersoyiale.^' caih. axgl.
;

by Chaucer

"Thus

laboureth he,

till

that the day

gan dawe.''

Marchant's Tale.

Palsgrave gives " to dawe as the day dotliPT udjouriier, Vauhe se critve.

To dawe from

rPOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

115

Dawnynge
lucanum,
71VS,

of the
c. f.

day.

Atite-

Dede,

or wcrke.

Factum

(accio,

mer. ante lucac. f.

qui surgit ante lucem,

Dedely.
Dedely'.

Mortalis.
Mortaliter, letaliter. enmy. Hosticus, c. f.
p.)

UG.

Dawntyn', supra in chersyn'.^ Daw(n)tynge, or grete cher(daunthige, or gi'eate p) Focio, cath. Debate. Dissencio, sedicio, cath. Debate maker, or baratoiir.^ Incentor, cath. Decevte, or begylynge. Fraus,
cherisshhige
decepcio, dolus, meander, c. f.

Dedely

synge

Dedelynesse. Mortalitas. Dyffamyn' (or defamyn, Defamo, diffamo, cath. Deffe. Surdus.

Defawte. Defawty. Defence.

Defectus. Defcctivus.

Deceyuable
lax.

(deceywabyl, k.) Deceptorius, fraudulentus, faltiptes, c.f.

Defencio, tuicio, mtinimen, munimentum, tutela. Defensyn'. Defenso, munio. Defensowre (defendour, k. p.)

Defensor.

Deceyuar. Frandator,
Deceyvyn'.
Deci])io,

Defendyn'.

Defendo,

tego, 2^ro-

fraudo,

tego, tuto, tutor, tueor,

cath.

defravdo, fallo (siipplanto, p.) Dede or dethe, substantyue.

Defendyn', or
hibeo, inhibeo.

forbedyil'.

Pro-

Mors, lctum,

interitus.

Defyyn'

(or broken, p.)

mete or

Dede,

adiectyue.

Mortuus, de-

drynke.3

functus.

Dyffyyn',

Digero. or vtterly

dyspysyn'.

wheii a dronken man swouneth, there is no better niedecyne to dawe hyni ; with, than to throvve maluesy in hys face. To dawne or get lyfe in one that is fallen in a swoune I can nat dawne hym, get me a kaye to open his chawes." Compare dayyn, or wexyn day. Ang. Sax. dagian, Ivcescere. ' Dawncyn', MS. " To dawnte, hlanditractare,'''' cath. angl. In N. Britain to

swounyng

dawt has the same

signification. See Jamieson. In the vision of Piers Ploughman to daunt appears to mean to tame by kind treatment the aliusion is to the dove which was trained by Mahomet to conie to his ear for her food.
;

" Thorugh his

sotile wittes

He daunted
In Norfolk to daunt grave, " To dawnte,
"^

a dowve."

Vision, line 1042.

used in the sense of knocking down, Fr. dompter, as by Palsmate, overcome, je matte. Lydgat. This terme is yet scarsly admitted in our comen spetche." " the Charge of the Quest of Warniot in euery Warde," In See BARATOWRE. given by Arnold, in the Customs of London, p. 90, inquiry is ordered to be made " yf ryator, barratur, &c. dwelling wythin the warde." The term is ther be ony comon taken from the Freneh harateur, in low Latin harateriiis, which have the same meaning. ' " To defy, degere, degerere. A defiynge, digestio,'''' CATH. ang. This word occurs in Piers Plougliman, where repenting Gluttony niakes a vow to fast, and tliat
is
'

Shal never fyssh on Fryday Defyen in my wombe.'''' line 3253.

See

116

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
latus, feculentus

Vnipendo, fioccipendo, sperno, aspernor, cqwrio, c. f. Defyynge of mete, or drynke.^

Digestio.

(dehonestatus,
fowle.

Defoavlyn', or

make

In-

quino, deturpo, violo, polluo.

Defyynge, or dyspysynge.
lipencio, fioccipencio.

Vi-

Defowlynge.
culacio.

Deturpacio,
k.

madeft,

I)effe
lus.

Deffenesse. Surditas. nettylle. ArchangeDeturpatus,

Deffe, or
H.

dulle (defte,

p.)2

Ohtusus,
c. F.

agrestis,

Aristotelis in politicis (ebes, p.)

Defowlyd.

macu-

Deye.3

Androchia,

See also Hne 457. In the same sense it is used in the Wieliffite version, and by Gower. To defy has also the signification of dissolve; thus Master Langfrank of Meleyne in one of his prescriptions, direets certain substances to be compounded, and " make pelotes, and defy one of heme in water of rewe." MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillii^ps. See FTIN, or defyin mete and drynk.

and the term is transferred in applied to that which has lost its germinating power thus in tlie North, as in Devonshire, a rotten nut is called deaf, and barren corn is called deaf corn, an expression literally Aiig.-Sax. An unproductive soil is like\\ise termed deaf. The plant lamium, or archangel, known by tbe common names dead or blind nettle, in tbe Proniptorium, has the epithet deffe, evidently because it does not possess the stinging property of the true nettle. ^ "Andi-ochia, a deye," Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. " deye, Androchius, androchea. gcnatanus, geneiharia. deiye, androchiarium bestiarhim, gemtheum.'" cath. The daia is meiitioned in Domesday, among assistants in husbandry, and the ANG. 2d Stat. 25 Edw. III., A.D. 1351, occasioned by the exorbitant demand for wages made by servants after the pestilence, enacts that " chescun charatier, caruer, chaceovr des carues, bercher, porcher, deye et tous autres servuntz" should be content with such rate of wages as had been previously usual, and serve not by the day, but the year, or other usual term. The term is again found in Stat. 37 Edw. III., A.D. 1363, c. 14, " de vicfu et vestitu,^'' which defines the homely provision and attire suitable to the estate " charetters, &c. bocers, vackers, berchers, j)orchers, deyes, et touz autres gardeim of dcs liestes, bafours des lleez, et toutes mcmeres des gent: cVestate de garson, entendantz a hashandrie,'''' not having goods or cliattels of 40. value. The word is rendered here in the translations " deyars," and " dairymen," and by Kelham is explained to signiiy drivers of geese. The Stat. 12 Rich. II. e. 4, A.D. 1388, fixes the wages of all servants for husbandry, and rates the iwrcher, femnie laborer, and deys at vjs. each by the year. The word is here translated " deye " and " deyrie woman." In the Stat. 23 Hen. VI. c. 13, by which the wages of sueh servants were assessed at double the previous rate, the terui deye is no longer used. It appears by Fleta, 1. ii. c. 87, de caseatrice, that the androchia was a female servant who had the charge of all that pertained to the " da'tria," and of making cheese and butter. more detaiied account of her duties is given by Alex, Neceham, Abbot of Cirencester, A.D. 1213, in his Sunima de nominibvs ute7isilium. " Assit et androgia (vne baesse) que gallinis ova supponat pullijicancia, et anseribus acera substernat ; que agnellos morbidos, non dico anniculos, in sua teneritate lacte foveat alieno. Vilulos autem et subrumos {sevlement deniez) ablactatos inclusos teneat in purgulo juxta femile. Cujus indumenta in festivis diebus sint matronales se7-apelline (pelysv.ins) reciiiium (liuei-oket) terist7'um. Hujv.s (ayidrogie) autein u.sus.
^

Drynge, ms. Jamieson observes that deaf a more limited sense to the ear.
'
:

signifies properly stupid,

It is also

PROMPTORIUJI PARVULORUM.

117

Deyyn'.
decedo.

Morior,

obio,

iuterio,

Delare,

Deyynge
K.)

(dej^ing, siipra in dethe,

or grete almysse yevere (elmes^euer, k, greate almes Rogatorius, c. f, gyiier, p.)

Dente
C. F,

Defunctio. (deynte, k. h. p.) Lauticia,

Delycate, or lycorowse.
catus {lautus, p.) Delyce, or deyntes.2

Deli-

Delicie.

Deynte
CATH.

mete.

Cupes,

cupium,

Delycyowse.
tus.

Deliciosus, delica-

{dclicie, K.)

Deyrye

Androchi(dejery, k.) anuni, kylw. vaccaria, androchiarium ( androcldatorium.^

Delyn' almesse.3 Erogo, distribuo. Delytyn', or haue lykynge. Delector, delecto, c. f.

cath.
delibe-

Dekyn'. Diaconus, levita. Dele, or parte.i Porcio. Delare, or he Jjat delythe.

tributor, partitor.

Delyuerer.
rator.

Liberator,

Dis-

Delyueraunce. Liberacio. Delyueryd. Liberatus, erutus.

Domino antem et suis collateralihus in colustrum et huhulas et armentariis. oxigallum sive quoctum in. cimhiis ministrare, et catulis in ahditorio repositis pingue serum cum pane fulfureo porrigere.'''' Cott. MS, Titus, D. xx. f. 15 b. The French interlinear gloss which gives here haesse, signifying a feniale servant of an inferior class, is not contemporary with the MS. Tliis account satisfactorily illustrates Chaucer's description of tlie poor widow who lived on the produce of her little farm, her three sows and kine, and one sheep ber fare was milk and brown bread in plenty,
stibulcis

obsoniis (supeis)

" Seinde bacon, and sometime an ey or twey, For she was as it were a maner dey." Nonnes Priesfs

Tale,

servant ; thus iu the commentary on Neccham it is stated that " androgia dicilur ah andros, vir, ei genet, mulier, quia id officium ezercetur a viro and Bp. Kennett cites the " compotus Htnrici Deye et uxoris de cxitihus et et muliere,'''' provenentihus de dayri,'''' A.D. 1407. See the word kevere in his Glossary. Palsgrave gives " dey wyfe, meterie,'''' i. e. metayhe, and Shakespeare speaks of the " day woraan," Love's Labour Lost, i. sc. 2, See Douce's Illustrations. Jamieson has discussed the obscure etymology of the word dey. In Gloucestershire and the neighbouring counties day-house signities dairy-house, and many instances are met with among names of places. See Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua. See hereafter eyjty.ndele, mesure, and halvundel. In the Rot. Parl. A.D. 1423, mention is made of a " thredendels, or tercyan," 84 gallons of wine, or the third part of " tonel." The Ortus gives " sepile, somdele ofte sahriolus, semdele sober." In the a I^egenda Aur. occurs the word " euerydeale," which is rendered by Palsgrave ^' tout tunt qu^^it g a." He gives also, " by the halfe deale, la moitie ; any deale, goutte ; neuer a Ang. Sax. dsel, pars. deale, riens qui soyt ; somdele grete, small, wyse, quelqve peu.'''' * In the Legenda Aur. it is related of St. Genevieve, that " in her refeccyon she had no tbynge but barly bread, and sometyme benes, y^ whiche soden after xiiij dayes, nr thre wekes she ete for all delyces." * " To dele, distrihuere, dispiergere, erogare.'''' Cath. ang. Tliis verh in its primary use has the sense of division or separation. Thus the GIoss on Gautier de liibelcsworth,

The deye was sometimes a male

'

" Car par holenger (baker)

esl

seueree (to deled)

Laitur, enjourfert (bran) aiuz demoree."

Arund. iMS. 220.

118

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(or

qTiycke, in besyVivax. Delyveryx'. Lihero. Delyveryx, or helpyn' owte of wooe. Eriio, eripio. Deluar, or dyggar. Fossor. Del^ttn^.^ Fodio. Delvynge. Fossura,fossatiira. Delv\-n' vp owte of the erthe. Effodio, CATH.
iiesse, p.)i

Delyvere

Lusor forme of a beste. trum, UG. Deene, or denerye (dene of deDecanus. neiye, k.)

Dex,

Dexerye. Decanatus. Dexyyn, or naytj-n'. Nego,

nego.

de-

Dentyx', or yndentyn'. Indento. Departyx'.3 Divido, partior.

Departyn' a-sundyr
placys.

Demar
Demyn'.

(or

domes man,

p.)

Ju-

dicator (judex, p.) Judico, dijudico. Demyxge, or donie. Judicimn.

place.

yn' to dyuerse Separo. Depe. Profundus. Depenesse. Profunditas, altitudo.

Dex, hydynge

Spelunca,

Depenesse
Gurges.

of vatur (^vatyr,

k.)

latibidum, sjyecus

This word appears to be taken from the Freneh, delivre, and is very frequently used in old writers. " liulv.siris, sleyghe, bisy, or deliuur." med. gramm.
'

" Deliuerly he dressed vp, er the day sprenged." Gawayn and Grene Kny^t, 2009.
Palsgrave gives " delyuer of ones lymmes, as they that prove rcastryes, souple; delyver, redy, quicke to do anything, agile, delivre; delyuernesse of body, soui^lesse." beyn, or Thomas, in liis Italian Grammar, renders " snef/o, quieke, deliuer.'" plyaunte, has already occurred, and bain is still used in Norfolk in the same sense ; the word has also, as shown by Jamieson, the sense of alert, lively, active, or of prepared, made ready, as has been observed above in tbe note on baynyd, as benys or pesyn. ^ The verb to delve, Ang. Sax. delfan, appears to have become obsolete in Norfolk, and is now rarely used in Suffolk, but the substantive delf, a deep ditch or drain, is still retained. The verb occurs frequently in early writers. In the Legenda Aur. occurs this expression, "I have dolphen in the depe erthe;" and it is related that when St. Donate conjnred his wife, after her death, to reveal where she had concealed some treasure, '' she answered out of the sepulcre, and sayd, at the entre of the hous, where I dalue it." In the Wicliffite version, 2 Chron. xxxiv. 10, the expression occurs, " stonys hewid out of Jje delues (e^er quarreris)." Cott. MS. Claud. E. ii. '^ Aurifedella, a gold delfe." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. Delph and delf occur not infrequently as names of places in the fenny distriets of the Eastern counties. ^ ' To departe, aS/o^are, disjungere, scparare. Departiabylle, divisHilis. To departe membres. To departe herytage, herecescere. Departyd (or abrogate) alrogattis, dis'jjlosiis, 'pluiriseus, scisraa.ticus. departynge, hwresis, divisio, seisma," &c. cath. ANG. In the will of Lady Fitzhugh, A.D. 1427, is the bequest, "I wyl yat myn howsehold s"uantz haue departed eniilg theym a C. marc." Wills and Inv. Surtees Soc. i. 75. So it is said of Christ in the Legenda Aur. " he shall departe the heete of the fyre fro the resplendour and bryghtnesse." Palsgrave gives the verb, " to departe, deuyde thynges asonder that were myxed or raedled together; departe this skayne of threde, desmesler. Departe or distribute the partes of a thynge to dyuers persons, mespartir.'''' Fr. departir, to separate or distribute, in low Latin, disperlire.

PKOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(depos, or weed, h. wed, Depositum. DeprivEn' or putten' a-wcy a pynge, or takyn' a-way fro
p.)

119
est

Depose

Derlourthy, idem

quod dere

(derworthy, k.) Dernel, a Avede. Zizania, cath.

lolliiim.

a-nodyr. Pi-ivo, deprivo. Dere. Carus. Derynge, or noyynge.^ Nocu-

Derthe
c. F.

(or derke, p.)

Cariscia,
dere.

Derthyn',

or

make

Ca-

mentum, gravamen. Derke, or merke.

obscurus

risco, carioro.

Tenebrosus

Dese, of hye benche

(desse, or

{teter, caliginosus, p.)

Darkexesse. Tenebrositas. Derkyn', or make derke or merke.

Obscuro, CATH. obtenebro. Derlynge. Carus, cara.

heybenche, k. dees, h.)2 Subsellium, c. f. dindimus, orcestra, ug. c. f.

Descrynge (descryynge,
Descripcio.

k.

h.)

'

The verb

the

XVIth

to dere, or hurt, century.

ia

commonly used by Chaucer, and most

nevyr dere."

writers, until

" Fyr ne

sclial

hym

Coer de Lion, 1638.

Fabyan observes, under the year 1194, " so fast besyed this good Kyng Rycharde to vex and dere the infydelys of Sury." Palsgrave gives " to dere, or hurte, or noye, nuire;

To dere, grieve, hlecer; a lytell thynge wyll dere I wyll never dere you by my good wyU. hyni." Sir Thomas Browne mentions dere among words peculiar to Norfolk, in which county it still has the sense of sad or dire. See Jamieson. Ang. Sax. derian, nocere, derung, lcesio. notynge occurs hereafter. * The term dese, Fr. deis or daix, Lat. dasium, is used to denote the raised platform which was always found at the upper end of an hall, the table, or, as here in the Promptorium, the seat of distinction placed thereon, and finally the hanging drapery, called also seler, cloth of estate, and in French ciel, suspended over it. With regard to its etymology, various conjectures haye been ofiered by Ducange, Menage, and others. See also Jamieson's Dictionary. Matt. Paris, in his account of the election of John de Hertford, Abbot of St. Alban's, A.D. 1235, and the customary usages on the occasion, says, " A'o/ in refcctorio i^iraiidehit (electus) saprenius, hahens vastelluni, Priore prandente ad magaani meiisam cjuani Dais vulyariter appellanms.^'' Ducange suggests that vastelluni may here mean a canopy or hanging dais, from Ang. Sax. vatel, ter/nien, umbraculum. Chaucer, in his Prologue, describes the haberdasher and his companions, members of a fraternity, and having the appearance of fair burgesses, such as sit " at a Gower speaks of a king at his coronation feast, " sittend yeld hal, on the hie deys." In the Boke of Curtasye, Sloane MS. 1986, f. 17, written upon his hie deis." about the time of Henry VI. a person coming into the hall of a lord, at the time of first meat, is advised not to forget
"
\>e stuard, countroller, and tresurere Sittand at de deshe l^ou haylse in fere."

In the ceremonial of the inthronization of Abp. Nevill, A.D. 1464, after the Lord and the strangers had entered, the marshal and other ofBcers were to go towards the " hygh talde, and make obeisance, first in the midst of the hall, and agayne before the hygh dcase." Lcland, Coll. vi. 8.

120
Descryyn'.!
Descriho.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Detraccyon', or bagbytynge (bakbytynge, k.) quium.
Detraccio, obloDeti'actor,

Desert, or meryte.2 Meriturn. Deservyn', or worthy to haue mede or magre (be worthy to
havyn, k.)

Detractowre.
locutor.

ob-

Mereor, cath.

Deserte, or wyldernesse.
sertu7n, solitudo.

De-

DeWE. Dewle,
demon.

JxOS.

or

devylle.

Diabolus,

Desyre, or yeraynge (jeniyng,

Desideriumj optacio. Desideratus, optatus. Desyryn'. Dcsidero, opto, afH.)

Desyryde.

Devyce, purpose. Seria, kylw. Devydyn', supra in departyn'. (Devyden, or cleuen asunder, p.
Findo.)

fecto, appeto.

Deske.

Pluteum, quere infra in lectron' (ambo, k.)

(despyte,
k. h.
p.

Dew^yn,
CATH.

or

yeve

dewe.

Roi-o,

Despyse
periuni.

Conteniptus,

dcspeccio,

impro-

(Deuynite, k. h. Theologia.) Dew lappe, syde skyn' vndur a

Peleare, cath. Devocio. dute, k. h. deuour, p. Diligentia, debitum, opera.) Devowrar. Dcvorator. Devowryn'. Devoro. Devowte. Devotus. Dyamawtnte, or dyamownde.
bestys throte.

Despysyn'.

Despicio, sperno.

Desteyne (or happe, k. destenye, H.) Fatum. Destructor, dissiDestroyere.

pator.

Deuocyone. (Devere, or

Destroyyde.
sipatus.

Destructus,

dis-

Destroyyn'. Destruo, dissipo. Destroyyn', a cmitre (or feeldis,

p.)

Adamas. Dyale, or

dyel,

Depopulor,

depredo,

de-

(dial, or diholf of

vasto.

orlage, p.)

an horlege an horlage, k. Horoscopus, c. f.

or

Destruccyone
K.)

destriynge, (or Destructio, dissipacio.

Dycare
Dyce.

(dyker, h. p.) Fossor. Alea, tessera, taxillus.

Dette.

Debitum.
(dettoure, k.p.) Debitor.

DvcE

PLAY

(dicepleyinge,

k.)

Dettere
'

Aleatnra.

This verb is directly taken frora the old Freneh descrier, and is by some writers used to denote tbe enuntiation, or distinction generall}' of tbe combatants by tbeir coat armour. eitlier previously to entering the lists, or at other times, duties which devolved

upon the heralds.

" Herawdes goode deseoverours Har strokes gon descrye." Lybeaus disconus, line 926.
In the Vision of Piers Plougbman oecurs an allusion to the usage tbat beralds of arnis " diseryued lordes." Palsgrave gives " to descryue or descrybe or declare y^ facyons or maners of a thynge, blasonner; Ptolemye batli discryued y*^ worlde.'" ^ Deseeit, ms. Dusert, u. deserte, p.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

121
k.)

Dtce pleyare. Aleator, aleo. Dycyn', or pley wythe dycys. Aleo. Dycyn', as men do brede, or o]>er
lyke
(or

Dymme
Dymme,

(or dyrk,

Ohscurvs.

or harde to vndyrstonde.

Misticus.

make
for

square,

p.)

Dymmyn', or make dymme.

scuro.

Ob-

Q^iadro.

Dyderyn'
rigeo.

colde.^

Frigucio,

Dyrkenesse. Obscuritas. Dyne, or noyse. Sonitus,

pitus (crepitus, k.) Jantaculuin, Dyner.

stre-

Dyderynge
gitus.

(for colde, p.)

Friinfra

(Dydoppar, watyr byrde,

in

DOPPAR.)

cath. (prandium, p.) Dygnyte (or worthynesse, p.)

Dignitas, probitas.
Jayitor, janto, cath. Dynyn'.2 Dyndelyn'.^ Tinnio. Dyppyn' yn lycour. Intingo, cath.

Dyche, or dycyde. Dyffynyj^ or deme for sekyr. Di^niOjCATU. DyggyS, siip7'a in delvyn'. Dyke. Fossa,fovea, antrum.
Dyken', or make a dyke. Dylle, herbe. Anetum.
'

Dyppynge
Dyryge,
(dyrge,

yn' lycore.
offyce
p.)-''

Tntinctio.

Fosso.

for

dedemen'

Exequie.

"To

to chatter or

" Barboter de froid, dadir, /r?V7rfCT0, et cetera uhi to whake." cath. angl. didder for cold, to say an ape's Paternoster." cotgr. Skinner gives this
sitteren, ]->rm frifjore
tremere.''''

the Avowynge of King Arther, edited by Mr. Robson, to " dedur " has the sense of shaking, as one who is soundly beaten; and in the Towneley Mysteries, Noah's wife, hearing his relation of the approaching deluge, says,

word as commonly used in Lincolnshire, " a Bdg. The Medulla renders *^frigucio, romh for cold." In

" " Didder,

Glossary, Glossary.
2
'

dase and I dedir For ferd of that taylle."

p. 28.

to

have a quivering of the chin

verb
dither
in

the

through cold." forby. See Brocketfs the Dialect of Craven, and Hartshorne"s Salopian

Dymyn', MS.
This verb
is

given in a somewhat difTerent sense, namely, of suffering acutely, " to cath. angl. Brockett gives to dinnel, or dindle, to be affected with a pricking pain, such as arises from a blow, or is felt by exposure to tho fire after frost. In the Craven dialect to dinnle has a similar signification. Langham, in the Garden of Health, l^u^d, recommends the juice of feverfew as a remedy for the " eares ache, and dindling." Dutch, tintelen, to tingle. * The office for the dead received the name of dyryge, or dirge, from the Antiphon with which the first nocturne ia the mattens commenced, taken froni Psalm v. 8, "ZJnj^^g, Domine Deus rneus, in compectu tiio viam meam..''^ In 1421, Joanna, relict ofSirThos. de Hemgrave, directed daily mass to be said for his and her own souls, and the anniversaries to be kept with a soleran mass, " cum ^^l^^fcebo et dirige." Among the " coosts laid out at the monthes mynde " of Sir Thos. Kytson at Hengrave, 1540, occur payments " to M' p'sson for dirige and masse, ij.9. to iiij prists for dirige and masse, xijf/. to the clark for dirige and masse, xiji/.'" Rokewode's History of Hengrave, 92, 112. The name is retained in the Primer set forth in English by injunction from Henry VIII. in 1546; and this Dirige, from which portions huve been retained in the
dindylle, condolere.'''
; ;

CAMD. SOC.

122

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Eviscero,
Evisceracio.
at mete.

Dysbowaylyn'.

ex-

entero, uo. in cnteria.

Arcownselle (discnerer, k.) bitrer, anubicus, cath. in anuhis.

Dyscowalyxoe.
Dysshe.
feriis,

Disctis, scutella.

Dysshe berer
CATH.

Disco-

Dyscuryn' cowncelle, bewreyyn'.

supra

in

Dysshe mete.
cencio.

Discibanum.
Dis(deo-

Dyscencyoxe, or debate.
Dyschaegyn'.
nero, P.)

of cownselle. Arbitrium,anubicatus {revelacio, k.) Dyscherytyn', or puttyn' fro herytage. Exheredo. Dysese, or greve. Tedinm, gra-

Dyscurynge

Exonero

Dyscyple. Dyscorde.
dnncia.

DiscipuJvs.

Discordia,

discor-

vamen, calamitas, angustia. Dysesyn', or grevyn'. Noceo, CATH. vexo. _

Dysmembryn'.

Dissipo, dispergo

Dyscorde
nancia.

yn

songe.

Disso-

{exartuo, p.)

Dysowre,

Discordo, discrepo. Dyscordyn' yn' sownde, or syngDissono, deliro, c. f. ynge. Dysco^^tvifytyx'. Confuto, supe7'o, vinco.

Dyscordyn'.

])at cannot be sadde.^ Holomoclius, Aristoteles in ethicis, nvgacidus, nugax (bo7iilocus, K. bomolochus, p.) Dyspensyn (disperagyn, k. dys-

Dyscowmfortyn'
j.)

(disconforten,

Disconforto.

Dyscrecyone. Discrccio. Dyscrete. Discretus. dyscowerer Dyscurer, or

pagyn, p. Dyspensyn'. Dispenso. Dyspendyn', Expendo. Dyspenson, be auctoryte, of penawnce. Dispenso.

of

Dysparplyn'

(dispartelyn,

k.

Lurial sei-vice of the Reformed Cliurch, appeara to have been only a SGrvice of memcrial, to be used even on occasion of " the yeres mynde " of the deceased, and com'' Dirige, seruyce, vigiles.'" palsg. prises a prayer for departed souls in general. Horman says, " he must go to the dirige feste, ad siticerninm,'" -nhich is mentioned by Harrison in his description of England, wTitten in the reign of Elizabeth, wliere he alludes to the clianges that had taken place in religious observances ; " the superfluous numhers of idle waks, guihls, fraternities, church-ales, helpe-ales, and soule-ales, called aiso dirge-ales, with the heathnish rioting at bride-ales, are well dirainislied and laid aside." B. ii. c. i. Holinsh. vol. i. There occur items in the Hengrave aecounts, alrcady cited, which shew the feasting that took place on that occasion. ' By CT0v.er and other writers dysour is used as signifying a tale-teller, a convivial
jester

" Dysours dalye, reisons craken."'

K. Alisaunder, 6991.

Palsgrave renders " dissar, a scoffar, saiffcfol," and Horman says, " he can play the desard with a contrefet face proprely, raononem reprcseri-tct." Elyot gives " Pantoviiraus, a dyssard which can fayne aiid counterfayte euery mannes gesture. Sannio, a dysarde iii a playc or disguysyngc ; also he whiche in countenaunce, gesture, and maners is a fole.'''' Ang. Sax. dysian, ineptire.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUJr.
(lysparlyn, h.
dispercjo.

123
of

p.y

Dlssqw,

Dystrobelvnge

pece

(dis-

DysPLESAUN(c)E
K. H.)

(displcsawiice,

Displicencia.

Dysplesyd.
Dvsplesvn'.

Displacatns,
Displiceo.

im~

Disturbiuni, turbelynge, k.) turhacio, conturhacio. Dvsplayyn' a baner of annys of Displodo. lordys, or o]?er lyke.

precatus, maleplacatus.

Dysvsyn' a-jenste custome.

soleo, dissuesco.

Oh-

DvsPOYLVN, or spoylyn'. Dvsprevsvn', or lackyiT.

vitupero.

Spolio.

DvsvsYN, or mysse vsyn a-^enste

resone.

Culpo,

Ahutor.
k.

(Dvs^ese,

dyseje,

ii.

Te-

Dvsputacvone.

Disputacio. Dysputvn'. Disputo. Dystawnce of place (or space, Disp.) betwene ij thyngys.
tancia,

dium, calamitas.)

Dytane, herbe. Diptanus. (Dvtare, vide infra koke, mete

dytare.)

Dyte

(dytye, p.)

Carvien.
letters

Dystaunce, supra in debate, vel DYSCORDE (discidia, p.) Dystemperyn'. Distempero. (DisTEMPRED, p. Distemperatus.)

Dyhtvn'.3

Paro, preparo.
indytyii'

Dytyn' or

and

Dicto. speche (scnpture, k.) Dvtyn', or indytyn for trespace.

Indicto.

Dystrobelar
K.)

of

])e

pece

(dis-

Dvtynge,
pace.

or indytynge
Indictacio.

of

tres-

turbeler, or distroyere of peas,

Turhator, perturbator.
p.)^

Dytynge, or indytynge
owsc speche.

of cury-

Dysturbelvn' (distroublyn,
Turbo, conturbo.

Dictauien.

DvswERE,

or dowte.*

Duhium.

' In the Wicliffite version, disperplid, disperpriled, displarplid, and disparpoylid, occur in the sense of dispersed. In the curious version of Vegecius, attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII, the danger is set forth of surprise by an ambusli, while the host is unprepared, some eraployed in eating, "and somme disperbled and departede in oj^er besynes." B. iii. c. 8. In a sermon by R. Wiiubeldon, as given by Fox, A.D. 1389, it is said that " by Titus and Vespasianus Jerusaleni was destroyed, and the people of the Jevves were disparkled into all the world." Palsgrave gives '' to disparpyll, Lydgate, same as disparke, escarter, dis^arser. They be dispariiled nowe many a mile asonder." See hereafter sparplyn. " And tliey 2 This verb is used by Chaucer, and occurs in the Wicliffite version.

seynge him walkynge on the see weren disturblid."" Matt. xiv. 2(5. So also in the version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said that a young soldier sliould be " that lie desti-owble nat the ordre of ordenaunce," The Mayor of Norvvich, taught on being sworn, made proclamation " that iche man kepe the pees, and that no man disturble, ne breke the forseid pees, ne go arnied.'" A.D. 1421, Blomf. Hist. ii. 100. * In the Household Book of Sir John Howard, A.D. 1167, among expenses incurred for one of his retinue, is entered tliis item, " My Lady paid a surgeone for dytenge of hym, whan he was hurte, \'2d." Palsgrave gives the verb in its more usual seiise, " to dyght, or dresse a thynge, hahiller. A foule woman ryehly dyght, semeth fayre by caiulell lyght." Ang. Sax. dibtan, di-sjionere. * The 5>lace in wuich this word is found in thc alphabetical amingeinent seems tu

124

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Dyuerse. Diversus, varius. Dyversyn', or varjnl' (vaiyen,

Diversijico, vario.

Dyuynyte
p.)

(or

deuynite,

j.)

Theologia.

Dyyn'
varie-

clothys, or letyii' (dye, or

Tiiigo.

Dyuersvte.
tas.

Diversitas,
or

lyt clothes, p.)

Doo, wylde beste (beste of the

wyse,

Dyuerse
maner.

on

dyuers

wode, H.

p.)

Daraa, (capra,

p.)

Varie,

muliijjharie,

diversimode.

DoAR, or werkare. Factor, actor. DoBELER, vesselle (dische vesselle, K.)i

Dyvvn'

vnder

]7e

weter.

Sul-

nato, CATH.

DoBBELET,

Parapses. gannent.2

Bigera,

indicate that it was originally written dywere, or divere, whicli may be derived from tho It occurs, however, old French, " divers, inconsfant, hizarre, mcojnmode." koquef. WTitten as above, in a poem by Humphrey Brereton, who lived in the reign of Hen. VII. which has been printed under the title of " the most pleasant song of Lady Bessy, eldest daughter of King Edw. IV."

" That time you promised my father dear, To him to be both true and just, And now you stand in a disweare,

Oh
'

Jesu Christ, who

may men

trust

"
!

The Medulla gives the dublar, diiaJis, et cetera uhi a dische." cath. ang. following explanation of Parapsis, " jjrojirie est discus sive vas quadro.nguhnn, ex The term is derived from the Freneh oriini j^art^ habens latera equalia, a dobuler.'' it occurs in Piers Ploughman, and is still retained in the Cumberland douhlier, a dish and Northern dialects. See Ray and Brockett. ^ It appears tliat the compiler of the Promptorium assigned to haltheus, which properly signifies the cingulura 'militare, the unusual meaning of a garment of defence. Thus COTE ARMURE previously is rendered haltheus. The Catholicon explains " di'plois, duithx 'Cistis, et cst vestis 'miliiaris," but it does not appear to liave been originally, as it subsequently became on the disuse of the gambeson, a garuient of defence. The duhUctus mentioned in the Constitutions of Fred. II. King of Sicily, in the XlVth century, was a garment of ordinary use by nobles and knights, as were also, it is probable, the rich garments provided for Jolin II. of France, in 1352, when Stephen de Fontaine, his goldsmith, accounts for the delivery of " unfin drap d^or de dariMS, et un At this period wadded defences fin camocas d'oufre'Mer,pour faire deux douhles." were made in Paris by the armuriers, and tlie tailors were divided into two crafts, 2)ou'rpoi'iitiers and douhleiiers ; it was only in 135S that the Regent Cliarles, on account of the use of the doublet becoming general, permitted the tailors to exercise also the craft of douhletiers. See the Reglemens sur les M^tiers, edited by Depping, p. 414. Shortly after, however, the doublet appears as a military defence ; " 25 doublettes, 24 jakkes," and otlier armours, are enumerated among the munitions of Hadlegh Castle granted in 1405 by Henry IV. to his son Humfrey. Rymer, viii. 384. Tlie importance at this time attached to the manufacture of this kind of armour appears by the privileges conceeded in 1407 to the " armurariis linearum armaturarwm civita.tis Lonilonie.^'
;

"A

Pat. 9 Hen. IV. confirmed 18 Hen. VI. and 5 Edw. IV. It is related that the Duke of Suffolk, when muidered at sea in 1450, was attired in a " gown of russette, and doblette of velvet mayled ; " Paston Letters, i. 40 ; and in the curious inventories of the etfects of Sir John Fastolf, at Caistor, in Norfolk, 1459,occur "j dowblettis of red felwet uppon felwet j dowbelet of rede felwet, lynyd witli lynen clothe.'' Archceol. xxl.
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
uo.
baltheus,
diplois,

125

cath.

anabatnm.
Dobelyn', or
clnblyii'.

DoGGYD. Caninus. Doggyde, malycyowsc.

ciosus, perve7-sus, bilosus,

Mali-

Dupplico.

DocERE
docere,

of

h.

an halle (dosere, k. v.y Dorsoriwn,

c. f.

Doron'.3 Degener. DooKE, byrde (doke, k. fowle or

birde, p.)

auleum, cath.

Anas.
(birde,
p.)

DoDDYD, wytbe-owte bornysse (wit

owtyn bornys,
incornutus.
k.)" Decornutus,

DooKELYNGE
nus.

Anati(para-

DocKEWEDE.
and
ojjcr

Padella

Doddyn'
lyke.

trees, or berbys,

dilla, p.)

Doddyd,
DoGGE. DooGE,

Decomo, eapulo, cath. as trees. Decomatus,

Canis.

miculus {mutilus, p.)

DoKET, or dockyd by fe tayle. Decaudatus, caudd decurtus. DocKYD, lessyd or obryggyd.

Abhreviatus, minoratus.

sbyppe-berdys Gregarius, cath.

hownde.

Dokkyn', or smytyu' a-wey tbc

tayle.

Decaudo.

253.

See further Sir Samuel Meyrick's valuable observations on military garments worn in England, Archaeol. xix. 228. At a later time the doublet seems again to havo become a vestment of ordinary use, the military garment whicli resembled it being

termed a coat of fence. " I wyll were a cote of defence for my surete, lorica linthea.'''' HORM. Caxton says " Donaas the doblet maker liath performed my doublet and my
jaquet,
'

mon j^ouiyainte,
;

ei

nion

iMltocqiie.''''

Book

for Travellers.

DoRCERE, MS. from the French

but this reading is evidently erroneous, and the word is derived dossier, or Latin dosserium. See Dosse, and Dorcere, which occurs afterwards in its proper place. In a Latin-English Vocabularly, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 144, occur " auleuni, scannarium, a dosure " and another makes the following " anabatum, hedosour, dorsorium, syd-dosour." Roy. MS, 17 C. XVIL distinction The term occurs in the Awntyrs of Arthure, 431, where a costly pavilion is described;
; :

" Pighte was

it

And

dossours,

prowdely, withe purpure and paulle, and qweschyns, and bankowres fuUe bryghte."

Sir F. Madden explains it as signifying here a cushion for the back, but in its usual sense it seems to denote the hangings or " hallyngs," of tapestry, which, before the use of wainscot, were generally used to cover and adorn the lower part of tho wall of a

chamber. Chaucer uses the word " dosser " in a different sense, speaking of sallow twigs, which men turn to various uses,
" Or maken of these paniers, Or else hutches and dossers."

H.

of

Fame,

iii.

850.

Panniers are still called, in many parts, dosses, dorsels, or dorsers. See Kay and Moore. HoUyband renders " hotte, a basket, a dosser." * Dodded is used in the North in this sense ; see Brockett, and Craven Dialect, Jamieson gives doddy and dottit with a similar signification. In Norfolk doddy still means low in stature. Phillips has " dodded, lopped as a tree;" and in Suftolk scathed or withered trees are called dooted, in the North doddered, words which appear to be derivable from the same source. Skinner suggests " Belg. dodde, caulis,fustis, imxillus.'''' ^ This word does not occur in the other MSS.; the reading is probably corrupt, and, from the place in which it occurs, dogon' may be suggested as a correction. This term of contempt seems to be derived from the French " Do</uin, brulal, har</neux.'" ROQUEF. See Dugon in Jamieson's Dictionary,

126

PKOMPTOEmM PARVULORUM.
or sliortyfi.

DoKKYN,

Decurto.

Sinistro,

cath.

(inalefacio,

ahhrevio, capulo, c. F.

protervio, P.)

DoLE, merke.i Meta, tramaricia. Dolor, DoLE, or dolefuluesse.

dolorositas {lamentacio, p.)

Do Do Do Do

GYLE, supra i/i begyle. GOODE. Benefacio. lechery'. Fornicor (Juxu-

DoLE, or almesse yerjnge (doole

of almesse, P.)
erogacio.
B.ocja^

rior, p.)

cath.

MAW3IENTRYE. Ydolatro. Doon' of clothys. Exuo.

DoLEFULLE. Dolorosus. DoLFYNE, fjsclie. Deljihinus. DoLLVD, sum Trhat hotte (or Tej)efactus. sumdyl hot, k.)^ Dollyn' ale, or oj^er drynke.
Tepefacio.

Doo

GLOTY^'YE.

Do

ON

Crapidor. CLOTHYs, or clothyii'.

(lijth,

Incluo, vestio.

Doon' owte, or qwenchyii'

K. lyth, H.)

Extinguo.

Do
K. doolynge, h,

TO wetyn', or knowyii'.

In-

(DoLLvxGE,
pefactio.)

Tc-

timo, innotesco, innoteo.

Do wronge
(domvsman,
k.)

DoME.

DoME

Judicium, examen. HOWSE. Pretorium.

a-jene resone (ayenst reasou or lawe, p.) Injurior,

prejudico.

DoMEs

MAKNE

Judex, CATH. Doon', or werkyii'. Facio, ago. DooN A-WEY'. Aufero, deleo. Doon' aavke (don amys, k. h. p.)

DooN wykyddely. Ncquito, cath. DooN or fulie wroste (done or full

wi-out, H.

wrought,

p.)

Factus,

completus, perfectus.

DoNET.3

Doncdus.

' Agnes Paston writes to her son Edmund, the lawyer, respeeting the dispute as to a right of way, between his father and the Yicar of Paston, who had been " anordidJe, and doolis sette howe broode the weye schuld ben, and nowe he hath pullid uppe the doolis, and seitlie he wolle makyn a dyehe ryght over the weye." Paston Letters, iii. 32. Forby gives this word as still used in Norfolk, the mark being often a low post,

Bp. Kennett states that landmarks, or it occurs also in Tusser. called a dool-post boundary-stones, are in some parts of Kent called " dowle-stones," and explains dole or doul as signifying " a bulk, or green narrow slip of ground left unplowed in arable Queen Elizabeth, in her land." See his Cxlossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033. Injunctions, 1559, directs that at the customary perambulations on the Rogation days, the admonition shall be given, " Cursed be he which translateth the boundes and dolles Ang. Sax. da;Ian, dividere. of his neighbor." Wilkins, Conc. IV. 184. ^ " Dollyd, defnitus.^' cath. ang. The MeduIIa renders " tepe/acio, to make leuke." ^ The grammar most universally used in the middle ages was that composed by .^lius Donatus in the IVth century, and the term Donet became generally expres^ive See Warton^s Eng. Poct. i. 2S1, CIarke's Bibl. Diet. iii. of a system of grammar. The rich hall prepared for 144. It was printed among Gramm. Vet. Putsch. p. 1735. the education of the son of the Emperor was decorated with symbols of grammar, musick, astronomy, geometry, arithmetie, rhetoric, and physic.
;

" Therinne was paint of Donet thre pars, And eke alle the seven ars." Seuyn Sages, 181.
Allusions to Donet occur in Chaucer, and Piers Ploughman. In Sir John Howard's Household Book is a payment, 1466, " foro a donet for master Gorge 12rf." and

PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.

127

DoNOE, matrasse.i
tracia, lodex

Culcitra,
v.)

ma-

(fultmm,

DoRE. Ostium. DoRLOTT.5 Trica,

c. F.

caliendnm,

DoNGE, mucke.

Fiinus, letamen.

DoNGE DoNGE

CARTE. Tituhatorium. HYLLE. SterquiUnium, fimarium,forica. DuNGEN, or mukkyii' londe. Fimo,

JHlStinO, BRIT.

DoRMAWNTE
K.)6

tre

(dormawntrc

Trahes.

DoRMowsE, beste. Glis. DoRTOWRE. Dortorium. DosEYNE. Duodena.

(DossE, K.
P.7

DoppAR,
byrde.2

or

dydopi^ar,

watyr

Dossorium.)
dosell,

Mergulus.

DoTARDE

(or

p.)

De-

(DoPPYNGE, II. P.)3 DoRCERE.* Anabatrum.

cipio, deceps.

DoTELLE, stoppynge of a

vesselle

Caxton mentions it as one of the books in greatest demand, " George the booke-sellar hath doctrinals, catons, oures of our lady, Donettis, partis, accidents." Book for Tra " Donett, Donatm, a Donett lerner, Donatista." CATit. ang. vellers. In the Inventory of Effects of Sir John Fastolfe, at Caistor, 1459, there appear the following items in his own ehamber "j. fedderbedde, j donge of fyne blewe, i bolster, ij blankcttys of fustians, j purpeynt," &c. Archajol. xxi. 268. A previous
' :

" donge of purle sylke." Grebe is still known by the names didapper, dipper, or dobchick, the Mergulas fluviatiiis of the older naturalists, Podice^ys ininor of Temminck. Ang. Sax. dop fugel, merffus, dufedoppa, pelicanus, according to the sense in which the word
entry raentions a
''

The

little

occurs Ps.

ci. 7,

in

the Lambetli

Psalter; but

its

derivatioii

from dufian, immerc/ere,

would make the appellation inappropriate to that bird. ^ Forby and Moore mention the word dop, as used in East Anglia at the present day Ang. Sax. doppetan, mersare. to denote a short quick curtsy. * ^' Auleiim, dorsarium, cortina, anahatrmn, anastrum, dosure or curtayne colate"A dorsure, dorsorium." cath. ang. rale, syd-dosour." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Anahatrum, a, cortyne. Auleum, an hangyn, i. indumentum, axde, cortina, or a cortyne." ortus. M. Paris speaks of the " dossale, sive tapesium in quo passio S. Albani Among the cloths figuratur,''' given to St. Alban's by Abbot Riehard, who died 1119. of arras and tapestry work belonging to Sir John Fastolfe, at Caistor, enumerated in the curious inventories taken about the year 1459, occur several "hallyngs" of taArchaeol. xxi. 259. pestry and worsted, a term probably synonymous with dorsure. See above, docere. * Dorlott is taken from the French dorelot, which signifies an ornament of female attire
;

generaliy, but here seems to denote particularly the elegant network, frequently enriched with jevveis, in whicli the liair was inclosed, termed a kelle, caul, or crepine ; or the head " Trica, ^ylicaiura vel nexus dress called a volipere, whieli is mentioned by Chaucer. capiUorum.''' ortus.
of

Calieudrum, a voliper." MED. GRAIMM. In 1394 Johanna Laburn best volet yat se hat, and a red hude j dorlot, j armari singill." Testam. Ebor. i. 196. Cotgrave gives " dorlof, a jewel or pretty trinket, as a chain, brooche, aglet, button, billement, &c. wherwith a woman sets out her apand by the Statutes of the trades of Paris in 1403 it appears that the craft of parel doreloterie consisted in makiug fringes and ribbons both of silk and thread. See Ko''

York

bequeatlis "

kyngll,

quefort and Charpentier. A dormant or sleeper is a main beam that, resting upon the side walls, serves to " Treine, support the joists, or the rafters of the roof. It is called iu Norfolk a dormer. a dorman or great bcame." cotgr. " J)oss is at the present time the name given in Norfolk and Suffolk to a hassock,

128
(dottel,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
H.
dossell,

F.y

Du-

DovE, culnyr byrde (dowe

K. dowiie, p.)

brid,

cillus, ductildus, c. F.

Columha.
Columhella.

Fingus. DoTRELLE, byrde. quod DoTRELLE, fowle, idem

DovE, younge byrde.

D0TARDE.2

DoTYNGE. Desijnencia. DoTONE. Desipio.

Doton', 01* dote for age. Deliro, CATH. in lira. DowE, paste for brede. Pasta, c. f. DowRE, wedowys parte (dowary,
K. p.)

HOOLE, or dovys howse. CoLumhar, cath. DowER yn the erthe (dovwere, h.

douwir, p.)
Cuniculus.

DowYS

DowME,as amanorwoman. Mutus.

DowNE

(of, p.) federys."*

Pluma,

jihimula, ]jlumella, ug.

Dos

(vel perdos, p.)

DowNE

Dow^fE, or downwarde. Deorsum. gate, or downe goynge.

Descensus.

DowcET
(bake

mete, or swete cake mete p.)^ Didccum, mete,

DowKE gate

of

J^e

sunne (or mone,

Occasus.
See

c. p. (ductileus, p.)

H.) or o])er planettys.

such as DOCERE.
'

is

used in cliurch, and panniers are in some places called dosses.

This name for a faucet appears to be a corruption of ductulus, which in the LatinEnglish Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. is rendered " dosselle," as the word is more commonly written, from the French dosil, doucil, or according to Cotgrave, ^'doisil, a faucet." Among the 2^f'"'*''';*'C' 'proinptuario, in anotlier Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, is given "clipsidra, a doselpyn.'' In the Seuyn Sages, it is related how Ypocras pierced a tun in a tliousand places
:

"

And

tho he hadde mad holes so fele, In ech he pelt a dosele." line 1150.
dossel,

See dottle in Jamieson"s Dictionary,

'^

Craven

dialect.

This word appears here to signify a foolish person, not the stupid bird common in Lincolnshire and the neighbouring counties, the Charadrius riiorineUus, and the repe" A dotrelle, desijm.^'' tition caused by the word "fowle" is probably here an error. CATH. ANG. ^ In the Forme of Cury doucets are not named, but " daryols," p. 82, seem almost the same directions are given in the following recipe, whieh is taken from Harl. iSIS. 279, f. 41, b. under the head of " Bake metis, v;iaviide furne:. Doucetez. Take creme a gode cupfulle, and put it on a straynoure, }'anne take jolkys of eyroun, and put Jier-to, and a lytel mylke J?en strayne it ^orw a straynoure in-to a bolle ; J^en take sugre y-now and put J>er-to, or ellys hony for defaute of sugre Jian coloure it wit safroun \>a.x\ take Vm cofyns, and put in j^e ovynne lere, and lat hem ben hardyd J>an take a dyssche y-fastened on J>e pelys ende, and pore J>in comade in-to J>e dyssche, and fro J>e dyssche in-to he eofyns, and when J^ey don a-ryse wel, take hem out, and serue hem forthe.'' Among the election expenses of Sir John Howard at Ipswich, 1467, appears the item in his household book, " viij boshelles of flour for dowsetes " and in tlie first course at dinner in Sir John Nevile^s account of the marriage of his daughter to Roger Rockley, in 3 626, appear " dulcets, ten of dish." Palsgrave gives " dousette, a lytell fiawne, da; ;

riolle."
*

DowME, MS. and

k.

downe,

p.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

129
Dubius,
ambi-

(DowPAR,
Mergus.)

bryd,

k.

dooper,

ii.

Dowtefulle.
guus.

DowRYS,
K.

or dowryble (dowrybbe, h.)i dovrybbe, Sarpa,

Dowteles. Tndubius, sine dubio. Itidubie, proculDowTELESLY.

dtibio.

costa pasthalis, c. p. (^costaj^astalis, p.)

DowsTY,

bolde, or hardy (dowty,

EGYR, or sowre an(d) swete menglyd to-gedyr (dowe soure and swete togedyr, k. dovseger, H. menkt togeder, p.)^ Mulsus, c. F. musus, G. F. dulce amarum. DowTE. Dubiuvi. Dowtyn'. Dubito, cath. (Jiesito, p.)

DowcE

K. H. p.)^

Audax.
k. donghter, p.)

DosTER (dowtyr,
Filia.

DOSTYR

IN

LAWE.

NurUS.
Pis-

DowE

TROAVE (trowghe, p.)

(drablyd,
ic.)

tralla, alveus, dicc.

Draplyd

Palu-

Dowtyn'
Ambiffo.

bothe

partyes

a-lyke.

dosus, CATH. (lutulentus, p.) Drabelyn' (drakelyn, p.)* Paludo, traiMilimo

(^sic).

Dowtynge.

Dubitacio, dubietas.

Draffe.5

Scgestarium drascum.

' rybbe is an household implement, which probably received its name from its form, a kind of scraper or rasp used in making bread ; thus Palsgrave renders " dovvrybbe, ratisseur a paste." The terra oecurs in the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth.

" Vosire paste dount pestrez, (kned J>i douw) De vn rastuer (a douw ribbe) le aufje (a trow) moundez,

Le

rasiel (a rake) e le raster

Sovnt diuerses en lour mester."

Arund. MS. 220,

f.

299, b.

appears to have served for scraping and cleansing the kneading trough. otlier implement, ternied likewise a rybbe, was used in the preparation of flax.
it

Hence

AnSee

hereafter rybbe,

and kybbyn

flax.

^ In the Forme of Cury, p. 20, will be found reeipes for egurdouce, a compound of the flesh of rabbits or kids witli currants, onions, wine, and spices and for egurdouee of fysslie, pp. 63, 113. Directions are also given for concocting " an egge dows," which seems more to resemble the mixture alluded to in tlie Promptorium, being composed of almonds, milk, vinegar, and raisins. Mulsus signifies a kind of mead, and dowce egyr was probably much the same as oximel. ^ " Dughty, ubi wortliy." cath. ang. A. Saxon, dohtig, instructus. * This word is still used in Norfolk, in the sense of to draggle, and a slattern is called a drabble-traii. Ang. Sax. drabbe,/ac65. * Draffe, or chafte, is a word that occurs in Chaucer
;

" Wliy shuld

sowen draf out of

if

Whan

may sowen whete,

that

my fist, me list."

Persone's Prol.

In the Reve'3 Tale the scholar John complains of being left to lie in his bed " like a draf sak." So likewise in Piers PIoughman's Vision, where allusion is made to c.asting
pearls to swine,
it is

said tbat

" Draf were

hem

levere,
line

Than

al the

precious perree,"

5617.

In the Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. occurs under the head " ad Irasorium pertinencia, draylnm, draf;" and in the Cath. Ang. " draf, segisteruim, acinatum, hrasiCAM. SOC. S

130

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or
drosse,

Draffe,

or

niater

Drake, byrde.
anatinus.

Ancer, vel ancer

stampjd.

Pihnnen.
lierbe (dragans, p.)'
c. f.

Dragaunce,
Dragancia,

basilica,

clra-

centra, c. f.

Drame, wygtite. Drama, dragma. Drane. Fucus, kylw. Draper. Pannarius, kylw.

Dragge

(dragy, k. dradge, h. p.)^

coiTie (drage,

Drawke,
Drawyn',

wede.-*

Drauca,

c.

f.

Dragetum.

in lollium.

Dragge, mengljd
or mestlyon, p.)^
tilio,

Mixtio (niixTrajicio,

P.)

or drawe. Traho. a-longe. Protraho. D(r)awyn' a-wey. Ahstixiho.

Drawyn'

Draggyn' or
cath,

drawyii'.

Drawyn'
Retraho.

a-jene

(agayne,
]?e

p.)

Draggynge, or drawynge. Tractus. Dragone. Draco (vel drago, p.)

^mrffium.^'

Drawe

fortlie

owte of

ovyne.

Effurno.

" Draffe, dracque." Anglice, droffe." ortus. palsg. Matt. Paris has given a eliarter of Guarin, Abbot of St. Alban's, dated 1194, in which the word drascum occurs, which appears to signify the Compare grains that remain after brewing, called in Freneh drasche, or dragve. CORALLE, or drasse of corne, and drosse. Numerous virtues are ascribed by Macer and other writers to the herb dragaunce or See nedder^s tongue, called also dragon wort, addj'rwort, or serpentine, arum or aron. Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 73. Macer says that " water of dragaunce ys gode to wasshe venome soris," and it appears to have been yearly distilled in the household of the Earl " Dragence, or nedder gryfie, See Antiqu. Rep. iv. 284. of Northuniberland, 1511. dragancia, basilica, herha ser^yentina." cath. ang. 2 This word is taken froni the French dragee, a kind of digestive and stomachic Chaucer says of the Doctor of Phisike, comfits ancieutly much esteemed.

" Segisteriv.m,

Ang. Sax.

drof, sordidus.

'

" Ful redy hadde he his apothecaries, To send him dragges, and his lettuaries." Cant.
^

Tales, Prol.

In the Xllltli century the grains chiefly cultivated in England, as appears by the accounts of the bailitf of the royal manor of Marlborough, Rot. Pip. 1 Edw. I., were The wheat, " berecorn, dragg,'' or a mixture of vetches and oats, beans and pease. regulations for the brewers of Paris, in 1254, prescribe that they shall brew only " de grains, ^''est a savoir, d\jrge, de mestxul, et de dragee ;" Reglemens sur les Arts, ed. by Depping. Tusser speaks of dredge as commonly grown in the Eastern counties.
" Sow barly and dredge with a plentiful hand." "Thy dredge and thy barlie goe thresh out to malt." his glossarial collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, mentions " dredge

Bp. Kennett, in

mault,

mixed with barley malt, of which they make an excellent fresh quick " Dragee aux chevavx, provender of divers sorts sort of drink," used in Staffordshire. of julse mixed together.'' cotgr. See mestlyone, or monge corne. * " Drake, or darnylle, zizarmia.'''' cath. ang. The gloss on Gautier de Bibeleswortli makes a distinction between these two weeds
nialt raade of oats
:

" Le yueray (darnel)

i crest, et le hetel

(drauke)."

ealls small wild oats, and Skinner suggests that the name may be derived " Belg. droogh, siccv.s, quia et actu et pote,itia siccum est." Drawke or drake is well known in Norfolk and Sui^blk, and Forby says it is the conimon darnel grass, lolium pereane.

Gerard assigns the name

to a species of

bromus

sterilis,

which he

in Bral)atit called drauich,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

131
est

Drawe

fowlys, or

dj^sbowaylyii'.

Dredefulnesse, idem
DREDE.

quod

Excaterizo^ necc. eviscero, ug.

(exentero, p.)

Dredefulnesse,
Sorcior.
nesse.

and

horrybyl-

DuAWE

lotte.

Hor?'ibilitas, terribilitas.

Drawyn' owte. Extraho. Drawen' owt of the shethe

K. p. schede, h.)

Dredyn'.
(shede,

Timeo, metuo, formido,

drestys.

vereor, paveo.

Evagino.

Dreggys, or

Fex.
of

Drawe

to.

Attraho.

Dreggy

Drawyn'

or steryii', entycyn' to goodenes, or badnes (styren or

p.)

(dresty, p.) or fuUe drestys. Feculentus, c. f.

Dreggys

of

oyle

(di"estis,

p.)

meuen,

Allicio.

Drawe

watur,

or

o])er

lyke.

Amurca, cath. Dreggys, or lyys of wyne

or lese, p.)

(drestis
c. f.

Haurio.

Tartarum,

Drawe vp
evello.

by

J)e

rote.

Eradico,

Dreeme. Sompnium. Dkemare. Sompniator.

Dremyn', or Sompnio.
drctfhyii'

Drawte,

Drawte
Drawte
selle,

Tractus. or pulle. of drynke (draught, p.)

of watyr owte of a welle,
est.

yn

slepe.

Haustus.
or ojjer lycoure owte of a wes-

Dremynge.
Dressyn'.

Sompniacio.
Solutor, cath. Dirigo, rictonnor {sic)
Directio.

Dreme redare.
kylw. Dressynge.
DICC.

idem

Drawe brygge
p.)
tilis,

(drawte brydge, Superfossorium, pons tracjjons tractativus,

Dressynge knyfe.

Mensacula,

pons ver-

satilis,

COMM.
Ha(ii)rium, ug.

Dressure, or dressynge boorde.

Dressorium, directorium. (Drestys, drestys of oyle, drestys, or lyys of wyne, supra in dregGYS, K.)i

Drawte welle.
in haurio.

Drede. Timor, pavor, terror. Dredefulle. Timidus, pavidns. Dredefulle and vgely (vggly,
p.)

(Dretchyn' yn
dremyn'.)2

slepe,

supra

in

Terrihilis, horribilis.

little traist, feculentus, fulle of traiste," (Harl. Ortua, " dregges." Amiiira is explained by Elyot to mean " tlie mother or forae of all oyles," in Harl. MS. 1002, " drastus." Palsgrave gives " dresty, full of drest, lienx." Horman says " the drastys (jloces) of the wyne bo medicynable." Ang. Sax. dresten^/tccfi*. ^ This verb is used by Chaucer, and other writers, in tho sense of being disturbed by
'

The Medulla renders "fecnla, a

2257); in
tlie

MS.

dreams.
'

This chaunteclere gan gronen in his throte,

As man
"

that in his dreams

so bytidc
tliis

is

dretclied sore."

Nonne's Priest's Tale.

nyght, Tliat the in slepe dreche ani wight, Or any dremis make the rad, Turn ogayn, and say I bad." Ywaine and Gawin, line 480.
if it

And

It has also thc sense of to delay or hindcr, in several passagcs of Cliauccr aiul

Gowor.

Sea

132

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOEUM.
fro moysture.

Dry

Siccus.

Dryppyn', or droppyii'.
gutto.

Stillo,

Drye, Drye,

or seere.

Ai'idus.

as kyne (nete, p.) or bestys fat wylle gyfe no mylke (yene, Exuheris, ug. p.)
bestys.^

Dryppynge,
lacio.

or droppynge.

Stil-

Dryfte, or drywynge of
Minatus. Dryyn'. Sicco,
desicco.

Drye scabbe. Dryte (or, p.)

Tmpetigo. uo. doonge.2 Merda,

stercus (inenda, p.)

Dryvylle, serwawnte.^
cius, ducticia.

Ducti-

Drylle,

or lytylle drafte of drynke

(dranght, p.) HaustiUus. Dr\TsESSE. Siccitas, ariditas. Dr^ts^ke. Potus, poculuvi, pocio. Dryxkare. Potator, hibax, biho. Drynkyn'. Bibo, poto. Drynkyn' a-^een, (ageyne, p.) Rehibo, repoto. Drynkyn' a-bowte (diynkynalowt, K.all oute,p.) Ebiho, epoto. Drynkelyn' (drynklyn, h. cbenchyn, p.) Mergo, subruergo. Dryppe, or drope (drepe, p.) Gutta, stilla, cadula, c. f.
also

Dryve

bestys.

Dryvyn, supra
Dryvyn',

Mino, c. f. cath. constreynyn. or constreynyd. Coin

actus, constrictus, astrictus.

Dryvyn', or ledde. Ductus. Dryvynge, or cathchynge (chasinge, p.) Minatus.

Dryvynge,

constreynpige. or Comjndsio, coactio, constriccio. Drobly, or drubly (drobely, p.)* Turbulentus, turbidus. Drobly, of drestys. Feculentus,
c. F.

Piers

who
'

desert the rule of their order dreccan, tarhare. See Jamieson.

Ploughman's Crede, where the baneful conduct and " dreccheth the puple,"

of the Friars
lin.

is

exposed,

924, 1004.

Ang. Sax.

The drift of the forest, arjitatio animalium in forestd, is a legal term which implied a view taken of the cattle feeding in the chase, forest, or waste, at certain seasons when they were driven into an enclosure, in order to ascertain whose they were, and whether legally commonable. The Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 13, among various clauses, devised for the improvement of the breed of horses, directs the drift to be made at Micliaelmas, and other convenient times, and under-sized horees to be destroyed. The word is used by Horman metaphorically, in its more ordinary acceptation, " subtyle
{caUida consilia) ought nat to sette a iudge out of tlie rjght wey." Elyot renders " adpulsus, the dryfte of shepe to the water." 2 " To dryte, cacare, egerere.'^ cath. ang. In the "Wicliffite version, Phil. iii. 8, " I deme alle thingis as drit ; " and the word occurs also in AViclifFe's is thus rendered " Olijections of Freres. Freres setten more by stinking dritt of worldly goods, then they don by virtues, and goods of bliss." See Jamieson's obsyrvations on the etymology of the verb to drite, exonerare ventrem. Ang. Sax. gedritan, cacare. ^ Horman speaks of "a dryuyl or a drudge he is a very dryuell, sterquilirdum.'" Junius gives in this sense " drivell or Aroiie, mastigia, qui v.hiqv.e expulsus ahactusque est. Belg. drevel." See droile in Jamieson^s Dictionary. Tusser, in his Points of Huswifery, speaks of an under servant in the dairy termed a droy, or droie, whose duties appear to have been similar to those of the deye, described in the note on that word.
dryftis
;
:

" Good droy to serve hog, to help wash, and to milk, More needfuU is truly, than somc in their silk."
*

Chaucer,

in

the

Persone's Tale, says, " he

is

like

to

an hors, that sccketh rather

PUOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

133
(droot, p.)

Dromedary,

boste.

Dromeda-

Drotare
traula.

Traulus,

rius {dromedus, c. f. p.) Drope, supra in dryppe.

Dropsye, sekenesse. (Dropsy man or

Ydropicus.

Idropis.

woman,
in

p.

Drotyn' yn' speche.^ Traulo. Drotynge. Traulatus. Drotyngly. Traule. Annentum, Drove of bestys.
polia, CATH.

(Droppyng, supra
K.)

drippyno,

(Drowpyn', or prively to be
of flesshe, or fyshe yn'

hydtle,

Droppynge
]ie

supra in daryn'.)^

Drosse
luni,

rostynge. Cadula, cath. c. f. of corne.i Acus, cribal-

ruscum, cath.
of

Drowte. Siccitas. Drubly, sup)i'a in drobely.'* Drubblyn', or torblyii' watur,

other lycoure.

or

Drosse
CATH.

metalle.

Scorium,

Drublynesse.
lencia,

Turbo. Turbidencia, fecu-

Drosse, or fylthe where of hyt be (qwat so it be, k.) liuscum,

rusculum, cath.
to drink drovy or troubled water, then for to

cath. Ebrius, temidcntus. Drunkelew.5 Ebriosus.

Drunkon'.

drink water of the clere well."

" Drovy,

turhidus, turbuleniui!." cath.

ang.

" Turhulenius,
lections,

i.

noii

lucidus,

Tiirhidus, troubli, drobli, or dark." med. gramm. drouy." ortus. Bp. Kennett, in his Glossarial Col-

"

thick,

Lansd. MS. 1033, gives " dravy or druvy, Bor. druAry, Northumb. drevy, Sax. drefend, tiirbidus." Forby mentions drovy, used as the water is. Ang. Sax. in Norfolk as an epithet of loathing, on account of filthiness of the person.

muddy

drof, ccenosus.
' Higins, in his version of Junius's Nomenclator, renders " vanmi^, a van wherwith corne is clensed from chaffe and drosse against the wind." Ang. Sax. ATO?,,fcex, sordes. At Hengrave Hall, in Suftblk, in 1604, is entered in account a delivery " for the swine, of dross wheat." Hist. of Hengrave, 207. This term, implying difficulty of speech, or stuttering, has not been met with elsewhere. The Ortus renders " travlus, a ratelere," a word equally unnoticed by GIossarists, which occurs also in Cath. Ang. " To ratylle, fraulare ; a ratyller, iimilus.''' ' In the Anturs of Arther, where a description occurs of the King and his court going fortli to the chace, it is said,
'*

" The dere in the dellun, Thay droupun and daren."

*

Ed. by Mr. Robson,

p. 3.

In the Ortus and Cath. Angl. drouy and the verb to occurs in the same sense ; Jamieson gives droubly and drumbly drumble, signifying to bo confused, is used by Shakespeare. See Nares. * This word is used repeatedly by Chaucer, and occurs in Piers Ploughman and the
r^trJiV??;^, troubli,

"

drubli, or darke."

med.

Wicliffite version.

" Irous Cambises was eke dronkelew, And ay delighted him to ben a shrew."

Sompnoure's Tale.

In a eurious treastise on Obstetrics uses the word " dronkleu, dronkeleu." of the latter part of the XVth century, Add. MS. 12, 195, are particular instructions for the selection of a nurse, among whose recommendations are " l^at sche be wysse and well a-vyssyd, and l^at sche lof J^e chylde, and }>at sche be not dronkeleche."

Horman

134

PROMPTORIUM PAR-STLORUM.
Ehrietas.
Aforella,

Druxkeshepe.^

Dudde,
somj)-

clothe.3 Amphihilus, c. F.

DwALE,
7iife7'a,

herbe.-

bi/TUS,

CATH.

C. F.

KYLW.
ma^isiona-

vel morella 7nortife7-a.

Dwellare.
rius, c. F.

Incola,

DuBBYLLE. Diiplex, cluplus. dobeler, (DuBLER, supra in

K. H.

Parapsis, P.)
siipi-a

Dwellyn'. Maneo, comrno7'or. Dwellyn', or longe lettyn' or

tam'n'.

(DuBLET,
K. H.

in

dobbelet,

Moror,

p)igritor.

Baltheus.) (DuBBYL gaiTQent, k. Diplois.) DuBBYLMAN, or false and deceyvable.

Dujilica/nus,

Dwellyxge,
hahitaculum.

place.

Mancio,

Dwellynge
ynge.

dicc.

or (longe, p.) taryMo7'a.

CATH.

Dwerowe
Bilinguis.
sessillus,

(dwerwh, k. dwerwe,
CATH.
et

Dubbylle tongyde.
DuBLY^x',
et ihiplo,

H. p. dwerfe, w.)^ Na/ius, c. f.

supra in dobely'k', CATH. gemino. Dubbyn', or make knygbte. Insignio.

vo. in sedeo.

Dwyny'n' a-wey (dwyne or vanysshe away, p.) Eva/ieo, eva7iesco.

'

Gower, speaking of the vices tliat spring from original sin, says, " Wherof the first is dronkeship, Whiehe beareth the cuppe felauship." Conf. Am.

lib. vii.

" Drunkechepe, elrietas, vinoleacia, &c." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 173, b. ^ Chaucer makes repeated allusion to the somniferous qualities of the night-shade, or dwale, the Atro^M leUadoniia.
" Arise (quod she) what haue ye dronken dwale ? AVhy slepen ye ? it is no nitertale." Court of Love.
attributed to this plant in a volume of miscellaneous collections, William Worcestre, Sloane MS. 4, p. 2. " For to take alle maner or other corne, and take guse of dwale, and menche \>e corne of byrdys. i^er yn, and ley yt J^er ^e byrdys hawntene, and when they have eten \>qt of, )?ey shalle Higins, in the version of Junius's slepe, t^at ye raay take \>em with yowre handys." Nomenclator, gives " Solanv.m letale, banewoort, dwall, or great nightshade." ^ ^^ Amjjfiihalcs, a sclaveyn, a faldynge, or a dudd." med. gramm. " Lacerna est According to palliuM nmlriattaii, a coule, or a dudde, or a gowne." Harl. MS. 'l^l^l the explanation giveu of lirrics, the garment called a dudde seems to have been a coarse wrapper or dread-nought, probably the same as the Irish mantle made of raw wool, which was in request in England as late as the time of Charles I., as appears by the Customhouse rates. " Birrum,vestis pilosa seu ^ros^<(Z, a schypper^s mauntel." ortus. Forby gives to duddle up, or wrap up with clothes in the North, as well as other parts of England, rags or clothes in general are called dudds and Grose mentions a square in Stourbridge fair, where linen cloth was sold, called the duddery. See Jamieson. * By early writers this word is written very variously, but approaching more or less to the Ang. Sax. dweorg, dweorh, nanu-s, which in the valuable fragment of .^Ifric's Glossary, discovered by Sir Thonias Phillipps, in the Chapter Library, Worcester, is written " dwaeruh." Thus the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth, " leo vey ester v.n ^^^tit nripn, (dwerouh)." Arund. MS. 220. In Lybeaus Disconus "dwerk" occurs repeatedly, and in King Alisaunder we read of " durwcs, the leynth of an elne." In Synonyni. Harl. MS. 1002, f. 173, oecurs the word " dwarof," and in Cath. Ang.

strange effect

is

once belonging

to

Take whete,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

135

(DwFHowus,
lumbaria.^

K. dufhows, p.

Co-

Ddke.

Dux. DucHESsE. Ducissa.

DuLLE of egge. {Obtusiis, k. p.) (DuLLE of wytte, k. p.) Ilebes. DuriDuLLARDE (dullare, k.)
huccius,
toteles
111

sowndc. Bunda, hombus, c. f. Dewe offyce, or seruyce of dett (dv, K. due, p.) Munium, cath. (Duary of wedowys, k. p. Dos.)
c. F.

DuNNY'NGE of

(DowERE,
duer, w.

or deen, h. dwer', Cuniculus, cath.

p.

CATH.
ethicis.

agrestis,

Aris-

DwREssE,
p.)

or hardenesse (duresse,

Duricies.

Dullyn', or make dulle in wytte.

Hebeto.

Duryn',
Dur55,

or

induryii', or lastyu'.

Du7'0, perduro.

Dullyn', or make duUe in cgge toole. Obtundo. Dullyn', or lesyii' the eggc.
Hebetesco,
c. f.

supra, idem DARN, (durnor dare,

est
p.

quod

Audeo.)

DusTE. Pulvis. (DusTY, p. Pidverulentus.)

i)usTYN'.

DuLY.

Debite.

Pulverizo.
in

DwLY, or trostyly. Secure,firmiter. DuLNESSE of egge. Obtusitas. DuLNESSE of wji^te. Ilebetudo.

(DuM, K. p. dovm, H. Mutus.) DuMNESSE. Mutitas, taciturnitas. DuNCHE, or lonche (hmche, h. p.)
Sonitus^
stcpitus

DwTE,

siqira

dette (dvte or
Debitum.)

dette, K. dutye, p.

Ebbe

of the see.

Refiuxus, sa-

(bundum,
Tundo.

kylw. ledo, cath. Eban', tre. Ebanus.

laria,

hombus, p.)

Dunchyn', or bunchyn'.
(D\T^CHE,

(dunchinge, or K. lunchinge, p.) Tuncio, percussio. DuNNYD of coloure. Subniger. Dunnyn' in sownde (in songe, h.)

Bundo,

c. F.

Ebbyn', as the see. Refiuo, salario, CATH. Ecco, sownde. Ecco. Edgrow, greese (edgraw, herbe, k. ete growe, greese, h. p.)* Bigermen, regermen. EDDYRjOrneddyr, wyrme. Serpens.

" a dwarghe, tantillm.'''' See duergh and droich in Jamieson's Dietionary. In the Catholicon is given the following explanation : '^ Sessillus, i. parvus statura, quia no/i vldetar siare, sed sedere;'^ and the Ortus gives " Nanus, a dwarfe, or a lytell Turke." Compare coonyone, or drowtly. Bp. Kennett gives the word " dwerowe " as of loeal use, but in the Eastem counties it appears to be no longer known in his glossarial collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, is the term " durgan, of short or low stature, as, he is a durgan, a meer durgan, a durganly fellow. Isl. duergur, Kiliano, dwergh. Westm(erland) a dwarwh." ' The MeduIIa explains higcrmeii to be the mixed grain called in the Promptorium MESTLYONE, but it seems here to signify after-grass, or after-math, still called edgrow in some parts of England. Bp. Kennett mentions the word in his glossarial collections, Lansd. MS. 1033. "Eddish, roughings or after-math in meadows, but more properly the stubble or gratten in corn-fields, from Sax. edisc, quod 2>ost messem in campis relinquiiur. This word is in somc southem parts corrupted into ersh, and in Surrey into
;

136

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Egyl, byrde. Aquila, Egyr, or egre.* Acer.

Efte (or also, p.) Eciam. Egge (edge, p.) Acies. Eggyd toole on bothe sydys.
Anceps.

Egmext,

Eggyd,
tus,

as teetlie for sowre

c.

friite.

or sterynge. Incitainentum, instigacio. Egyrymonye, herbe. Agrimonia, c. F.

Acidus,

F.

CATH.

stupefac-

Ey
or steiyd,

Eggyd,

or entycyd to

Eye.

(or QggQ, P.) Ovum. Oculus, talmus.

doon' a dede (steryd to gode or

Instigatus, incitatus. bad, p.) Eggyn, as te])e for sowre mete.i Obstupeo. Eggyn, or entycyn' to doon' well or yvele (eggen, or stjTe to

Eye lede.
paljjebra.

Superciiium, cilium,
(fowaly,

Eyldynge, or fowayle
K. fewaly, p.)*

Focale.

Eylyn'.

(Obsto, p.)
liote

Eymbee,

aschys (eymery or

gode or

yll,

p).^

Ineito,

provoco.

spider, hote asshes, p.) Pruna. Ey^the (eyght, p.) Octo.

wheat esh, a barley ash. In Cheshire eddgrew, eddgrow, eddgrouth, from the Saxon preposition ed (which in composition denotes allwaie again, as re in the Latin,) and jrowan, gernivimre, crescere." This word is not noticed by Mr. Wilbraham, and
esh, as a

does not appear in the East Anglian Glossaries ; in Shropshire, according to Holloway's Provincial Dictionary, the after-grass is called " edgrew," or, as stated by Mr. Hartshorne, " headgrove, or headgrow." Salopia Antiqua. The common appellation both in Norfolk and Suffolk is eddish, Ang. Sax. edisc, graraen serotiuum, but it is also termed rawings, roughings, or rowen, a word used by Tusser and noticed by Ray, which may be a corruption of the older appellation edgrow. See Forby and Moore. Tusser uses the words eddish and eteh to signify a stubble, or land that has produced a crop. In a copy of the Practica of John Arderne, Sloane MS. 56, p. 3, are some names of plants in French and English, among which occurs " veldilloiie, i. edgrowe," The MeduUa possibly some herb of autumnal growth, abounding in the after-grass. gives "friitcc, a styke, a yerde, and buske, vnderwode. or eddysche." ' Horman says, " my tethe edge with eating of these codlynges." ^ The verb to egg, from Ang. Sax. eggian, incitare, occurs in this signitication in R. Brunne, Piers Ploughman, and Chaucer, who uses also the substantive;
it

3
first

The

old

" Soth is it, that thurgh womannes eggement Mankind was lorne, and damned ay to die." writers give to the word eager the significations of
^^

Man
sour,

of Lawe^s Tale.

and of

fierce

the

from the French

make eygre." ORTUS.

as a wild beest \s,fel."

" Exacerlo, to sharp, tart, biting." cotgr. Palsgrave gives " Egernesse, bytternesse. Egar, fiers or mody
aigre,

eager,

"

"He hente a spere with egre mode." Octovian, And sclendre wives, feble as in bataille,
Beth egre as
is

line 1653.

a tigre

youd

in

Inde."

Clerke's Tale.
is

^aln the dialects of the

North, as observed by Ray, any kind of fuel

called eldin,

and the term is applied to the brush-wood of which fences are made. See Broekett, the Craven Glossary, and Jamieson. Ang. Sax. eeld, ignis, oelan, acce/idere. The word is
given by Bp. Kennett

among

his valuable glossarial collections,

Lansd.

MS. 1033.

PEOMPTORIUM PARVULOnUM.

137
Cuhitus,
p.)

Eyjtene (eyghteue,
decivi^ vel

p.)

decem

et octo,

Octosecua-

Elrowe. Elde, or
or

kylw.
Vetustus,
in

olde, for-weryde (eeld,

dum

correcciones

fratrum preOctingenti.

worne,

de-

dicatorum.

tritus, inveteratus.

Eyjthe hundryd.
Eyjty.
Octoginta.

Eelden', agyn'2 supra

terasco.

A,

et ve-

Eyjthe tymys.

Octies.

Eyjtyndele, mesure (eyhtyndyl, K. eyghtydell, j. w.)i Satum,

cath. Eyar, element
ether, ethera,

El(d)fadyr. Socer. Eldyr, or hyldyr, or

(hillar, k.

hillerue tre
h.

hyltre, or elerne,

elder, or hyltre, or elorne, p.)^

(eyre,

r.)

Aer,
p.)

Samhucus.

Eyyr,

or

cath. herytage

Elde man,
(eyre,

or

woman.

Senex,

annosus,
longevus.

veteranus, grandevus,

Heres.

Eyther, or bothe. Uterque. Ele, fysche. Anguilla.

'

Eld

modyr

(elmoder,

k.

?.)*

Socrtis.

Half a bushel is given hereafter as the same measure which is here intended and the term eyjtyndele seems to be derived from its being the eiglith part of a coom, or half quarter, wluch has already occurred, COWME of eorne, cumba. Compare dele, and HALVUNDEL. Ang.-Sax. dael, jMrs. Bp. Kennett, in his glossarial coUections, Lansd. MS. 1033, mentions another local name for the same measure, " a tofet, tlie measure of half a bushel, Kent some say two fats. Sax. fat, or fajt, was the same measure as our
; ;

peck."

Agan, MS. The word elde, still retained in the Northern dialect, occurs often as a substantive in old writers. Thus in the Wicliffite version, 3 Kings, xv. 23, is thus rendered, " Asa hadde ache in feet in J^e tynie of his eelde ; " and it is commonly used
*

Ploughman. See Cliaucer's deseription of " Elde " personified, Rom. of Rose. " Senectus, helde sencx; haldman." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVIl. " E\de, scnecta, senium, annositas.^'' cath. ang. In the version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII., it is said that military exercises " must be vsede before in yongthe, or the body be made
in Piers
;

slewthefulle by age
'

and elde." B. i. c. 4. Ang.-Sax. eld, senectus. In Norfolk, according to Forby, the elder tree is still called eldem; " samhucus, an eldrun," Harl. MS. 1002. Gautier de Bibelesworth says,
"

Mes de sueau (of Vn manger ke est

ellern,

MS.

Phill. hildertre,

Arund. MS.) lemfet

suheaiis,

bons
is

et

beaus (wij? milke.)"

ellern,

In Woreestershire the elder

termed
ellere,

and Piers Ploughman speaks of

it

thus

" Impe on an

And
"
Uii,

if

thy appul be swete,

Vision, line 5471.

Muchel merveille me thinketh."

sefm, an
ellir

Ang.-Sax. ellarn, ellen, saJj(J?tcw,?. In the tree." Harl. MS. 219. North the alder is called an eller, whence several names of places, as Ellerbeck, Eller" An ellyrtre, alnus burn, &c. in Yorkshire, are derived. Ang.-Sax. alr, alnus. ainetum est locas uhi ci-escunt." cath. ang. In the Ortus is given another name of the elder, " samhticus, burtre, or hydul tre." * " An elfadyr, socer ; an eldmoder, 5oo?w." cath. ang. In the North an ell-motheror eld-moder, signifies a mother in law, or step-mother, but, as Jamieson observes, must

OAMD. SOC.

138

PROMPTORIUM PARYULORUM.
Am/s,
vetula.

Eldwomann'.
Elef.re, herbe Elcborus.

Elyce, propyr name (Ely,

p.)

k. p.)

(elebjr,

k.

Helias.

Elefauxte,
Elephas, bamis.

or

olyfannt,

beste.

elcphantus,

CATH.

Elm, tre. Ulnus, c. f. (ubnus, k.) Elmes, supra in A, almes. (Elmesfulman, p. Elemosinarius, elemosinaria, rogatarius.)

Element.

Elementum. Eleltn'. Undecim. Elfe, spiyte.i Lamia, cath

UG. in lanio.

(Elmes
CATH.)
et

ho^vs,

p.

Proseuca,

Elne,

or elle (mesonre, p.)

Ulna,

KY'LW.
fuscina,

Elyer, or
ment.2
c. F.

elger, fyscharj-s instru-

Anr/uilhn^is,

fvagidica dentata, kylw.

Eloquent, or welle spoke man or woman. Eloquens, dicosus, ug. Elsyn' (elsyng, k.)3 Sibula.

have properly denoted a grandmotlier, from Ang.-Sax, ealde-moder, avia. John Heworth of Gateshead bequeathed, in 1571, his best horse to his father in law, and adds, " Item, I gyve vnto my eldmoder, his wytfe, my wyffes froke, and a read petticote." Wills and Inv. published by the Surtees Soc. i. 352. The Catholicon explains lamia to be a creature with a human face, and the body of a beast, or, accorJing to a gloss on Isaiah, xxxiv. 14, a sort of female centaur, vvhich entered houses wlien the doors were elosed, as old wiv^s' tales vvent, and cruelly used the children, whence the name, " 'jcasi laiiia, a la/ciaialo imcros.^^ The ancient leeches have given in their books numerous cliarms and nostrums for the relief of chiKIren " taken with elvys " among which may be cited the following from a curious medical MS. of XVth cent. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps. " For a chylde that ys elfe y-take, and may nat broke hys mete, that hys mouthe ys donne {sic.) Sey iij tymes thys verse, Beata oiiater munere, dx. In the worchyppe of God, and of our L.adi, sey iij pater noster, and iij aueys, and a crede and he schal be hole." In Sloane MS. 73, f. 125, it is directed to " take }je roote of gladen and make poudre Jierof, and jeue J^e sike boJ)e in his metes, and in bise drynkis, and he sehal be hool wi{>inne ix dayes and ix ny^tis, or be deed, for certeyn." Williara Langham, practitioner in physic. reeommends this sarae remedy in his Garden of Health, 1579; and orders the root and seeds of the peony to be hung about chi!dren*s necks, as a charm against the haunting of the fairies and goblins. The term elf is not, however, applied exclusively to mischievous spirits, but to fairies generally. See in Brand's Popular Antiquities detailed obser" An elfe, lamia, eumenis, dicta ah eu, qaod est honum, vations on the Fairy Mythology. el raeae, defectus. Horman seems to speak Elfe lande," (no Latin word) cath. ang. " No man stryueth with deed men but elfis, laruce ; " of elves as a sort of vampires and Palsgrave gives " elfe, or dwarfe, nairi.'^ Ang.Sax. elf, lamia. ^ This instrument seenis to be the same which in East Sussex and Kent is known by the appellation of an eel-shear, but in other parts better known as an eel-spear. ^ Tliis word oecuis in the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220, where a buckled girdle is described
'
;

" Een isy doyt le hardiloun Q>e tunnge) Passer inir tru de sulilotoi (a bore of an alsene)."

An elsyne, acus, suhula." cath. ang. " Sihida, an elsyn, an alle, or a bodkyn." ORTUS. In the Inventory of the goods of a merchant at Newcastle, A.D. 1571, occur " vj doss' elsen heftes, 12?. j clowte and ^ a e elson blades, viijs. \'nyl. xiij. clowtes of The term "Wills and Inv. published by the Surtees Society, i., 361. talier nedles," iS,.c.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

139
incres.

Elle wande
Eem, fadeiys
CATH.

(elwonde, p.)
broper.
brotliere.i

Ulna. Patruus,

Enckes, or

rncrementnm,
ex-

augmeiitum,
crescencia.

augmentacio,

Eem, modeiys
CUluS, CATH.

Avun-

Embyrday (embyr,
H. p.

or embyrday,
vel

Angarium,

quatuor

teinpomm. Emme, propyr name.

Emma.
emerowdys.

Emerawntys,

or

Eenue. Finis. Ende, dooke byrde.^ Anas. Eendyd. Finitus, terminatus. Eendyn', or makyfi' a(n) endo. Finio, consummo, desino, cath. Endynge. Finicio, terminacio. Endytyd, or indytyd for trespas

Emorrois, cath. Imperator. Emty. Vacuus.

Emperowre.

Endytyd,

(of trespas, p.) Indicatus. (or indityd, k.) as scrip-

Emtynge, or a-voydynge (voydinge, p.)

Enchesone,
Encrecyn'.

Evacuacio. or cause (cncliesyn, Causa. K. h. enchesen, v.)Accresco, aiujmcnto, augmentor, cath.

ture and spectie.* Dictatus. Endytyn', or indytyii' scripture and feyre speche. Dicto.

Endytyn' or
pace.

(inditen of, f.) tres-

Indicto.

Endytynge,

or indytynge of feyre speche, or scripture. Dictamen.

derived from the French alene ; " elson for cordwayners, alesne.'''' palsg. In Yorkshire, and some other parts of England, an awl is still called an elsen. The Anglo-Saxon word eam, avunculus, is commonly used by Chaucer, CTOwer, and all the earlier writers, and is not yet obsolete in the North of England. It is related in the life of St. Peter of Melane, that "one his eme whiche was an heretyke demaunded of his lesson, and the chylde sayd to hym, credo his uncle sayd to hym " An eme, avuticidiis, jHUruws. that be sliolde no more say so." Legenda Aur. Versus, Pairuiis a patre iieudet, avtmculits ex genitrice. An eme son or dogbter, ^Jc^fuelis, ex jiarte pali-is ; consobritius, ex parte matns'" cath. an(j. Bp. Kennett gives in his glossarial collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, the following use of the word eam, noticed " Eam, an unkle, Bor. likewise by Grose This term in the North is familiarly applied to a gossip, and indeed to any friend or neighbour; so is the word unkle in Worcestershire, and adjoining parts, where mine unkle or my nunkle is a conimon appellation, as mine eam in tlie North. Ux ore viri doctissimi G. H." This word is derived from the French " acheison, eucheison ; occasion hetireuse, "Enchesun, causa, occasio, accio, loisir, cause de bonheur, dessein," &c. iioquef. Svnonym. Harl. MS. 1002. See chesun, and cawse, or eventus, casus, racio.'''' It is used by Wicliffe, and many early writers. Occleve says of St. Margaret, enchesone.
19
' ;

'^

" But understandeth this, I onely commend her nought, By encheson of her virginitie." Letter of Cupide.
^

Saxon ened, anas,

This appellation of a duck, which now seems to be quite obsolete, is the Ang. in Dutch, eend ; it oceurs in the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth.
" Zlusi a
il

aue (enede)

et

plounczoun, (douke)

Qen, riuere ont lour

mansioan (woning.)"

MS.

at

Middle

Hill.

And

in

another passage, " de naturell noyse des oi/seaus, it is said, " En marreis ane iaroille (enedc queketh.)''
or yid

EsDVTYD;

Ms.

The

scribe has loft a blank on account

oJ'

a defcct

140

PROMPTORIUM PARVTJLORUM.
(or indytinge, k.) of
Indictacio.

Endttynge
trespace.

Endyve, herbe. Endivia. Endles. Tnfinitus, interminabilis.

Entyrferyn'. Intermisceo. Entyryd, or intyiyd, as dede men. Funeratvs. Entyryn' (or intyryn, p.) dede
men'.
0. F.

Ende mete,

for dookelyugys (endmete, h. p. edmette, j. enmotte, w.) Lenticula, kylw. Engynne, or ingyne. Machina.

Funero,

c.

f.

infunero,

Entyrement,
Funerale.

or

yntyrment.
(entermentyn,
(yel
inter-

Englysshe

speche.
or

Angliciim,

Entyrme(n)tyn'
K.
p.)

{ydioma, p.)

Int7'omitto

Englysheman,
glicus.

woman.

An-

mitto, K.)

Entyrmentynge.

Intromissio.

Englonde. Anglia. Enhawncyn', or ynhawnsyii'

haunten, p.)

Entyrmentowre
(inp.)

(entermetoure,

Intromissor, intromissatrix.
Introitus, ingressus.

JExtoUo, exalto. Enyoyen', or raake ioy (enioyn, K. enioyen, p.) Exulto, gaudeo. Enyyntyschen, or wastyii' (enyntyschyn, H.) Atteniio, exinanio.

Entre. Entryd,

or browjte

yfi'.

InducIntroio,

tus, introductus.

Entryn yn
intro.

to a place.

En\"Ye, or invye.
dencia.

Invidia, invi-

Enyn',

or

biynge forthe kyndeFeto.

lyngys.^

Enmy. Inimicus, hostis, emnbis. (Enmyte, p. Inimicitia, hostilitas. Enoyntyd. Inunctus.

Enoyntyn',
(or innoyntyn, k.) supra in anoyntyn'. Enoyntyn', or gresyii', or ley yn' to a thynge softe matere. Linio.

Envyows, or invyowse. Invidus. Eranye, orspyde (r), or spyimare,Erbe.

Aranea. Herba.
Ion', or

Erbe

Seynt lonys worte.

Perforata, ypericon.

fuga

demonum,
virida-

Erbare.'

Herbarium,

Enoyntynge
in

Inunctio.

rium, viridale.

the M3. from which his transcript was made ; this appears to be supplied by the reading of the King's MS. The verb to ean or yean, which is commonly applied only to the bringing forth of lambs, here appears to have had anciently the more general signification of the word from See Somner, Nares, and which it is derived, Ang.-Sax. eanian, eniti, parturire. Richardson. * In the Latin-English Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. occurs among " nomina vennivjit, aranea, nerane;" the MeduUa gives " muscaraiieus, a litelle beste that sleethe the flye, the erayne ;" and the Catholicon Angl. " Erane, a spyder or an attercopp, an/?irt." Ray mentions arayn as the name given to the larger sorts of spiders in Nottinghamshire, and the word aran, or arain, is still in use in Yorkshire. See araynte and SPYNNARE. ' A garden was termed an erbare, or herber, from the French herhier, and the appellation must nnt be bere confounded with arbour, the derivation of which is probably from Ang.-Sax. herberga, maiisio. Chaucer, however, seems to use the word
'

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Erchebusohoppe.
copus, archipresul.

141
Hereticus, heretica.

Archiepis-

Erytyke.

Eryar
C. F.

of londe.

Arator, gleho,
Quotidie.

Erchedekene.
Erchepreste. Erye, or ertlie

Archidiaconus.
Archijyi-esbytcr.

georgicus, c. f.

(erde, K.y

Terra,

Eryday, or eueryday. Eryyn' londe.3 Aro.

hinmis, tdlus.

Eryynge

of londe.

Aracio.

Eryyn', or of the erthe. Terrenus. Erthe qwake, or erj)e dene (erdyn, or erde qwave, k. erthdyn,

Ernde,

Terremotus, sisimus,c. f. or massage (erdyn, k. h. erden, p.) Negocium, nuncium. Ere of a beste (man, k.) Auris,
p.)2

Erytage. Hereditas. Erle, lorde. Comes. Erldam. Comitatus. Erly, or by-tymys jn

y(n)ge,

j)e

mornHiher-

Mane

{tempestive, p.)
k.)

Eerlonde (Erlond,
nia, Tanatos, c. F.

auricula.

Ermyne
Spica.

for

foromys (ermyns or
Erminius,
p.)-*

Ere Ere

of corue.

fnrre, p.)

c. f.

of a vesselle.
Herisis.

Ansa.

Ermytage.

Heri^p?)mitorium.

Erysy.

Ermyte

(ei'emyte,

Heremita.

" Viretum, lociis pascualis virens, a gresjerd, or an herber in both significations. " An herber, kerbarium." cath. ang. "Ilerbarmm, an herber, ubi herber." med. Caxton says, " Richer the crescuiit herbe, vel iibi habundant, or a gardyn." ortus. carter shall lede dong on my land whan it shall be ered, and on my herber (courtil) whan it shall be doluen." Book for Travellers. Hall describes a curious pageant exhibited at the entry of the Emperor Cliarles Vtli into London, A.D. 1522, part of which was "a quadrant stage where on was an herber full of roses, lyllies, and all other flowers curiously wrought, and byrdes, beastes, and all other thynges of pleasure." Chron. 14 Hen. VIII. It has been observed under the word blo erye, that the reading of the MS. may perhaps be considered as corrupt, by an error of the scribe, who wrote y for \> but it must be observed that siniilar errors are of very rare occurrence in this MS., and that the words are here placed in their proper order, as written with a y, whilst erthely will be found in its place afterwards, the letter J> being in the Anglo-Saxon alphabet In an early MS. of usually placed at the end, and in the Promptorium next after w.
'

the MeduIIa Grammatice, in the Editor's possession, which is equally free from the use of the eharacter y instead of ^, which towards the later part of the XVth century became very general, occurs the word " gliteus, eryen." * " An erthe dyne, ten-emolv^, or an erthe qvake." cath. ang. Mention occurs of " ertbequaues " in the Legenda Aur. f. xxv. Ang.-Sax. eor^S-dyn, ten-ce motus, cwacung, tremor. Robert of Gloucester uses the words erj^grybe, and erthegrine, signifying an earthquake. ^ "To ere, ubi to plughe.'' cath. ang. Palsgrave gives the verbs to ere, or to erye land, in the sense of ploughing; " he hath eared hislande, God send hym good innyng. To erye the yerthe, laboxirer." Harrison, in his description of Britain, B. ii., c. 24, speaking of the numerous antiquities turned up by the plough, says that " in the beginning of the same Kings daies (Henry VIII.) also at Killeie a man found as he eared, an arming girdle harnesed with pure gold," with spurs of gold, and other precious things, of which part were in the possession of one Dr. Ruthall. Holinsh. Chron. i. 217.

Ang.-Sax. erian, arure.

'

From

the Anglo-Sa.xon times until the Reformation, hermits, as well as anchorites

142

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Ernyn', as horse (eerne,
Cursito.
p.)'

Ernest, supra mARNEST, hansale a {r)ra, arabo, strena. et Ernest, ceiyowste (or arnest, k.)
Seriositas.

Ertare.
Ertyn'.

Initator, irritatrix.
Irrito.

Ernestly.

Seriose.

Ertynge.
;

Irritacio.

many curious particulars regarding or recluses, were a numerous elass in England them have been brought together by Fosbroke, in his British Monachism, p. 503. The essential difference between the hermit and the ankyr, or recluse, tlie terms occurring in the Promptorium, appears to be defined by Giraldus in his epistle to Abp. Langton, '^ Heremitai solinagi Anachoritoe where he makes use of the foHowing expression Ang. Sacra, ii., 436. They had both, however, a fixed dwelling-place, alconchisi.""
:

thougli diflfering in certain conditions; the establisliment of an herniitage was among those acts which in former tiraes served to testify, in a signal raanner, of the piety of Thus it appears by Pat. 1 Hen. IV. the founder, or his gratitude for divine protection. that, having landed in Holderness, on his return after many years of banishment, and been seated on the throne, one of the first acts of that sovereign was the precept " de hereinitagio cedijiccmclo apud quendam locum vocatum Ravenescroshourtie, in quo Rex curious evidence of the high respeet and estimation idtimo suo adventu applicuit.^' in which recluses and hermits were held at this period, is afforded by the will of Henry, Lord de Scrop, A.D. 1415, whose bequests in their favour are singularly numerous and

275. erne or yerne, signifying to hasten, or run as an animal, Ang.-Sax. yrnan, cwrrere, has not been sufBciently distinguished from the vcrb to yearn, Ang.-Sax. geornian, desiderare, expressive of anxious longing or deep atfection. The former occurs in several of the old romances; thus it is related of the wonderful long-Iegged race that Ale.xander found running bare-foot in the Indian forest,
detailed.
'

Rymer,

ix.,

The verb

to

" Every wilde dereastore, Hy mowen by cours ernen

So
also of the

tofore."

K,

Alis. line

5003.

King

of Navarre,

when he charged forward

to nieet the

Soudau's cham-

pion,

" Vpon a stede he gan yerne With sper and scheld." Octouian,
See also line 1934, where
it

line 965.

is

written

"erne."

It e.\presses also

the strenuous move-

ment

of the sailor.

" The maryners awey gonne skylle, And yorne awey, with good wvlle

Well
In Piers PIoughman's Vision
"
it is

hastily."

Ibid. line 561.

tears.

used to signify the flow of water, or running of

then welled water for wicked workes, Egrely ernyng out of men's eyen." Pa.ssus 20.

And

Laneham, in his curious account of the reception of Elizabeth at Kenilworth Castle, in 157 5, uses the word in describing the eager course of the stag-hound; " the earning of the hoounds in continuauns of their crie, y* swiftnes of the deer, the running of footmen, the galloping of horsez . mooued pastyme delectabyl." Bishop Kennett, in his glossarial coll. notices the sense of the word to earn, as used in the North, which is " to earn, to run as chees doth. given also by Brockett and Jaraieson; Earning, chees rennet, Bor. from Sax. yrnen, currtre.''' Lansd. MS. 1033.
.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUHr.

143
herte,

Erwygle
Erthely.

(erewygyll, v.y
Terrene.

Au-

Esyn'

yn

of

hevynesse.

realis, vg. in auris.

Quieto, delinio.

Erthly

(or

of

erthe

made,

p.)

Terrenus, terrestris.

EspE, tre, Tremidus. EsT. Oriens. Eesterne. Pascha.

Ees, fyschys mete on a hoke, (or boyght for fisshes, p.)^ JEsca,
escarium, kylw.

EsTWARDE.
taliter, p.)

Orientalis

(^orien-

EscHE,

Fractinus(fraxinus,v.) EscH KEY, frute. Clava, c. f. in fractinus. Levamen, EsE, or cowmfort. consolamen. EsE, or reste. Quies {requies, v.)
trc.

EsT wynde. Eurus. Manduco, comedo, Etyn'.

cor,

ves-

CATH.

mando,

prandeo,

edo.

Etynge.

Etynge
CATH.

Manducacio, commestio. howse. Pransorium,

EsY. Qitietiis. EsY, or soft, as wedyr. Tranquillus. EsY, or softe yn' steiynge. Lentus. EsYLLE.3 Acetum. Esyly. Quiete, tranquille. Sensim, EsYLY, or sokyiigly.
2)aulutim.

appulle tre. Esculus. EwARE.-* Aquarius vel (aqua)ria. Evenyn', or make evyii'. Equo, coequo, adequo.

Etynge

(EuEN
p.

in

menynge, or clothynge,
et

Uniformis,

inde unifor-

miter.)

Esyn' of charge, or grevowsnesse,

Allevio.

Evyn', a-lyke. Equus, equalis. EvYNHooDE (evynhede, p.) Equalitas, equitas.

Esyn', or culdvyn', or schytyii' (or voydyn as man at priuy place, K. cuckyn, h. kackyn, r.) Stercoriso, merdo, egero, cath.

EvENEHOLDE,
olde, K.

or eueneldc (evenokle, p.)^

euyn

Coevus,

coetaneus.

to

The earwig is still, according to Forby, called eriwiggle in Norfolk, but it appears be only a local coriuption. as the word is usually written more conformably to its Ang.-Saxon original, ear-wigja, vermis auricularis. Thus in a Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, is found " auriolus, Anglice a jerwygge ; " and Palsgrave gives " Erwygge, a worme." See arwygyll. 2 This eurious word appears to be a Latinism ; but is, perhaps, more directly taken from the old French, '' Esche ; appdt, amorce ; esca.'^ ROQUEF. ^ This word is used by Chaucer and Lydgate, vvho in the Troy Book speaks
'

*'

Of

bitter eysell,

and of eager wine."

" Acetum, aysyl, or vinegre." Roy. or bytter wyne." med. gramm. MS. 17 C. XVIL '^ Acetiun,a.yese\\ Oxigalus, aysell menged." ortus. It occurs also Ang.-Sax. eisile, aisil, acetum. in the Fornie of Cury. " ewer to wasshe with, aiguier,'" * Tliis word usually signifies a vessel for water ; PALSG. ; its meaning seems here to be transferred from tlie ewer to the person by whom " Acetum,
ayselle
;

Ang.-Sax. The Medulla gives " aquarius, aquaria, a waturberere." is carried. hwer, huer, cacabus. Among the domestics of the Earl of Essex, mentioned in his will, 1361, occurs " Davy, ^''est Barber et Ewer." Nichols' Roy. Wills, 53. ^ " Evyn eldes, cath. ang. " Coetaneus, coetanev.s, coevus, colectaneus, equevus.'"
it

144

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
pe
laste

EvENYNGE,
day.

parte

of

Jje

EuERMORE.

Eternaliter,

j)er-

Vesper,

vespera,

cath.

petue, perhenniter {semper, k.)

sero, UG. in sereno.

EvESE, or evesynge of a howse.i

Stillicidiuin,

iiabrex, imbricium,

Ex, instrument. Securis. Examyn', or apposyfi', or a-sayyii (posyn, H. posen, p.)^ Examino.

CATH. domicilium. EvERY DAY. Quotidie.

EvESTERRE.
CATH.

Espems,

vesper,

ExAWMPLE. Exemplum. ExAWMPLERE. Exemplar. Exawmplyn'. Exemp>lifico,

emplo, cath.

exexe-

EvYDENS. Evidencia. EvYL. Malus. EvYL, or sekenesse. Infimiitas. EvYL HAPPE, or evyl chefe.2 Infortunium, diffortunium. Sempitermis, LASTYNGE. perpetmis, perhennis, eternus. Eternitas, EvYRLASTYNGNESsE. p)erpetuitas, perhennitas.

ExEcuTOWRE.
cutrix.

Executor,

ExcESSE, or owterage.

Excessus.

EuER

ExcESSE of drynke. Bibera, UG. ExcEssE of etynge. Peredia, UG. ExExcLUDYD, or put owte.
clusus.

ExcLUDYNGE,
Exclusio.

or

puttynge owte.

iinms ejit^dem etatis, euen olde." ortus. Horman says, " lyke as I se my son do for his frende and euenjelde {equalis) and help hym in his maters, so it is right that we olde men sliuld help and do eche for oder."' Ang. Sax. efen-eald, coevvs. The term evesynge, from the Ang. Sax. evesung, ionsura, evese, muvffo, occurs in the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth ; MS. at Middle Hill.
'

"

I^t

Prent

ceueroundel (sparewe net) a la ceuerounde (at ^e euesinge) le mxtsshoun et le arounde (swalewe)."

" Seueruader a la severunde (a serundel at ]>e eueses)." Arund. MS. 220, f. 301, b. It w-ould seem hence that it was iisual to take small birds, as the mwsl-eroa. or sparrow, and the swallow, by means of a net adjusted to the house eaves they probably served, In Piers Ploughman's as they do still in Italy and Southern Europe, as articles of food. Vision are mentioned " Isykles in evesynges " and in the Creed " Orcheyarde and erbers evesed wel clene " in which instance the word seems to be used precisely in the sense of the Ang.-Saxon verb efesian, tondere, unless it may signify that the erber, or The MeduIIa renders " intonsus, vnevesed. garden of herbs, was neatly hedged in. Aatipophara, an evesynge." In the North of England the eaves are called easings.
; ;

" Streronde, the eaue, eauing, or easing of a house." cotgr. ^ The word chefe, signifying chance or fortune, has occurred already, but in the MS. It appears to be taken froni the French is written, as it would seem erroneously, chep. chef, chief, which, according to Roquefort, implies not only the head, or the commencement of a thing, but the end, issue, or e.^stremity. Chaucer, in the Merchant"s second Tale, speaks of " the boncheff and the myscheff " and in the account of William Tborpe's examination by Abp. Arundel in 14Ct7, published by Foxe from a contemporary authority, it is related that he said, " if I consented to you to doo heere after your will for bonchefe or mischefe that may befall me in this life, I deme in my conscienee that I were worthy herefore to be cursed of God." ' The verb apposyn', whieh does not occur in the Harl. MS. in its proper plaee
;

PR05IPTORIU5I PARVULORUM.

145

ExcusABLE. Exciisabilis. Excusacyon'. Excusacio. ExcusYD. Excusatus.

Excusyn'.
emptus.

Fable, or tale (fabyll, p.) Fahula. Face. Facies. Faceet, bookc (facet, k. faucct,
p.)

Excuso.
p.)

Facetus.
face,

ExEMPTYDE (exempt,

Ex-

Facyn, or shcwyu' bookle

Effrono, cath. Faculte. Facultas.

(ExEMPCioN, K. p. Exempcio.) ExYLYD. Extorris, c. f. ug. Exylyn', or banyshen'. Bannio,

relego, ug. (exulo, k.)

Facunde, or fayrnesse of speche.i

Facundia, eloquencia. Fadyn', or lese the Marceo.
colowre.

ExPERYMENT. Experimentum. ExPERTFULLE, be dede knowynge (expert full knovven, k. p.)

Expertus. Exposycyon', or expownpige. Expo^cio. Expressyn', or spekyn' owte opynly (sliewen openly, p.) Exprimo.

Fadyr.

yn' one worde. Parens. Fadyrky55', or modyrkyn' (fadyrs

Fadyr yn lawe. Fadyr and modyi'

Pater, genitor. Socer.

or moderys kin, k.)

Parentela.

Fadyrlesse
c. F.

chylde.

Orphanus,
Patricida.

Extorcyon'.
angaria.

Extorcio,

exactio,

Fader qwellare.
Fadme,
or fadyme.2

Ulna, catii.
p.)

ExTORCYONERE.

Extortor, exactor, irredator, angarius, brit.

tre,

in bracliium, lacerta.

Fadmyn' (fadomyn,
CATH. in brachium.

Ulno,

ExuLTRE, or ex
AXILTRE.

suiyra

in

A,

Fademynge.

Ulnacio.

aud many

alphabetically, lias here the same signification as that in which it is used by Chaucer, of the old writers, namely, of putting to the question, or examining judicially.

" May

not axe a libel, Sire Sompnour, answere ther by my procuratour, To swiche thing as men wold apposen
I

And

me

?"

Freres Tale.

a thyng to his charge. I am nat nowe to appose a felow, aposer.'''' palsg. Chaucer, in the Assembly of Fowls, uses the word facond both as a substantive and an adjectivo, as in French, " Facond, tloq^uent ; faconde, eloquence.^'' roquef. So also he says of Virginia,
I

"

appose one,

make a

tryall of his lernyng, or laye

to lerne
'

" Tho she were wise as Pallas, dare I saine, (Her facond eke full womanly and plaine) No counterfeited terraes at all had shee To seeme wise." Doctor of Physic's Tale.
In the Golden Legend it is said that " Martha was 3*yglit faconde of speche, and curteys." ^ The ancient Anglo-Saxon measure of six feet, faj^Sem, ulna, the space of both arms extended, was, at the time the Promptorium was compiled, still used as a measure of length, and subsequently more exclusively applied to depth. Horman says, that " in a

CAMD. SOC.

146

PROMrXORIUM PARVULORUM.

Fagyn, or flateryn'.! Adulor. Fagynge, or ilaterjuge. Adulacio.

Fagott. Fassis, sti-ues, cath. Faynare, or flaterere. Adulator. Fayne, or fayue (sic)" Libens.
Fay^re yu' bewte.
Pidcher,
venustiis, decorus, hellus, c. f.

Fayre

speche.

Lepos,
speclie, k,

cath.

c. F. rethorica.

(Fayirnesse of
cundia.)

Fa-

Fayrnesse Fayrnesse
Amenitas.

of bewte. of wedur,
Fictor, gressc,

Decor, ve-

nustas, pulcritudo, specics.

and tyme.
simulator, or

Fayre

chylde.-" Ej^hehus, cpheha,

(fayir

CATH.

Faytowre.*
simulatrix.

Fayre, mery ^vedur or tyme Amenus. as weihT, K.)

Faytowrys

tytymal

Fayre spekar.
man

Orator, retor.

(faytours grees, p.)

Titimallus.

that is of laufull stature, the lengthe fro the toppe of his heed to his hele, and fro the both toppys of his myddell fyngers, whan he makethe a vadome, is all one." ' " To fage, adido.ri, o.ssentari, hlandiri, hla.ndijicare, dejiaire, 'pcljiare. fagynge, llandicia. Fagynge, hlandus.''' cath. ang. This word is derived from the Ang.-Sax. Hardjng, fsegnian, fffigenian, gaudere, which has also the signification of flattering. relating the guileful practices of Vortigern on the weak King Constaunce, says,

" Such subtyle meane

Coles gives " fage, a

to fage thc

Kyng he

fande."

Chron.

c. Ixvi.

from the trouthe (Lydgate) ; this terme is nat in our coraen use." It may be questioned whetlier Drayton does not use tlie verb to fadge in this sense ; but it is explained by tlie Glossarists as Ang.-Sax. iega,n,jur((jere. signifyiug only to agree, or accord
tale."
;

meny

Palsgi-ave gives the verb " I fagge

" With
^

flattery

my muse

could neuer fadge."

Pastorals, Ecl. 3.

sight appear from this reading of the MS. as also from a word that occurs subsequently, F0R3ETVN, or forjetyii, that the initial ff must have some special power of its own, and not merely represent the capital F. None such, however, can be
It

would

at

first

assigned, and the readings are, probably, in both instances corrupted by the scribe. In the present case the correction appears to be FAYNE, or fawne, and in the second the "Fayne, %i.hi mery. Alacer, a^iricus, ditrue reading may be F0R3ETYN, or forgetyn.
lectahilis, hilaris,
^
letus.''''

cath. ang.

Ang.-Sax.

faeSen, la.tus.

See fawn'.

appellation fair child, hel nls, or befyce, whieh has occurred previously, was one of endearment or courtesy, afterv.ards used only to signify a son-in-law. Instances of its use are not infrequent; thus in Piere Ploughman's Vision, when Joseph relates to his father his drcani that the sun, moon, and stars " hailsed hym all,"

The

" Beau
I

fitz, quod his fader, For defaute we sliuUen, myself and my sones, Seche thee for neede." line 4819.

* A Faytowre was, as it seems, a conjuror, or a quack-salver, so called from the French faiteor, or faituritr, a sorcerer and thence the name was applied to itinerant pretenders to such skill, to mendicants, and generally to idle livers. " I^aitard, faiteor, v.ii parresseux.'''' lacombe. The plant called quack-salver's turbith or spurge, the Titkynialus or JCsida of the old botanists, Euphorhia, Linn. was much eiii]iloyed in homely physic, as also by the empirics in former times. Its virtues are detailed by Gerarde and Parkinson. See titymalle. The MS. has siniHator, as also similacio.
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

147

Fayterye
Faytowre,

(faytre, n. r.)

Fictk,

siiimlacio, Jicticium.
))at

feynythe sekenesse

for trowantyse (trowandyse, p.)

clothe.' Falinge, amphibalus, c. f. birrus, c. f. Falyyn', or faylyn'. Deficio. Faylynge, or fawte (falyynge, r.)

Faldynge.

Vagius^ ug. Casus, lajjsus, ruina. Fallare, or he fat oftyn' tyme fallythe. Cadax, cath. caducus, cadabundus, ug.

Defectus.

Fal.

Falle, or mows trappe.^

Musci-

pula, decipula. Fallyn', or ovyr throwyfi'. Cado, ruo, cath.

Compare Row clothe, as faldynge and otlier lyke, which occurs hereafter. The term faldyng, sig-nifying a kind of frieze, or rough-napped cloth, is derived by Skinner from Ang. Sax. feald, plica, because eoarse wrappers or mantles were usually made of it. Chaucer describes the West Country shipman as clad

" In a goune of falding to the knee."

Cant. Tales, Prol.

Nicholas, the Oxford clerk, had his books, and appliances of science,

" On

shelues all couched at his bed's hed His presse icouered witli a faldyng red, And all aboue there lay a gay Sautrie."

Miller^s Tale.

Nich. de Schirburn, an ecclesiastic of York, bequeathed, in 1392, " tiinicam de nigro faldyng lineaiam ; " and Ric. Bridosall, merchant of tlie same city, makes this devise ; ^^ leffo patri meo meam armilausam, videlicet faldyng clok." Testam. Ebor. i. 173, 171. " Amphibalus, a sclaveyn, a faldynge or a dudd.'' med. gramm. faldynge, amphihalus. A faldynge, plicacio, convoUwio,'" CATH. ang. This kind of clotli was supplied, probably, from the North of Europe, and identical with the woollen wiappers ; of which Hermoldus speaks, " quos non appellamus Faldones Chron. Slav. i. c. 1 ; called by Adam Breraensis " PaZ(^oes." Frieze received its name from Friesland, and the rough garments of that country are called by Andrew Borde " dagswaynes," as has been noticed above in the note on that word. The Polonie of Scotland may have received its name from its Polish origin ; see the curious observations on th.at word in the Supplement to Jamieson's Dictionary. These garments, as also the Irish mantles, much in recjuest so late as the reign of Charles I. as appears by the Custom-house rates, were, probably, the same as the faldyng the last were usually imported in pairs, upon which the duty, as rated in 1553, was 5s. and by the Kytson Household Book it appears that in 1573 the price of "a coople of Irish mantells " was 43^. History " Eadroinis, vestis villosa de arietis pellibus facta, vel pallium forte of Hengrave. '^ villosum, d:c. an yrysshe mantell." ORTUS. Bracca, that kynde of a mantell whiche nowe commeth.out of Ireland, or a longe garment made of roughe frise." elyot, 1542. Fallin signifies in Irish, according to Lluyd, a mantle, and tlie term appears to be identical with that used by triraldus Camb. in his description of the Irish, composed ia 1185; " ca^nctiis modicis assueti sunt et arctis, trans humeros deorsum, cuhito tenus protensis, .... sub quibus phaiingis laneis quoque, paliioruni vice, utuntur." Topog. Hibern. I. iii, c. 10. The fashion of the iihaiiiKjus is exhibited in marginal drawings in avaluable contemporary MS. of Giraldus, in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps ; and it is described by the appellation coccula in tho Life of St. Cadoc, MS. Landav. Eccl. as cited by Spelman, under that word. See further Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, and Ledwich's Antiquities of Ireland, 2G7. 2 See hereafter mowsfalle, "A felle for myse, decijmla. A mowse fellc, mtiscipula.''' CATii. A.NG. Ang.-Sax. mus-fealle, muscip^da.

"A

''"'

148

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
to
])e

Falle downe
Fallyn',
evenit.

grownclc, to

False modder, or wenche.^

risia,

Ca-

don' worschyppe.

Procido. Accidit, or happyn'.

est qiiod

cath.
FlastofjrajyJnis,

False wryter.
cath.

Fallynge downe, idem

FALLYNGE
yvelle.^
evyllc,

False
])hia,

wrytynge.
cath.
]>e

FlastograCcspito,
p.)

or

londe

Epilencia, vel morhus

Faltryn' yn

tnnge.

cdducus. False. Falsus.

vel lingud cesjntare.

Falwe

londe

(falowen,

False, and vntrosty. Ferjidvs. False, and deceyvable, and yvel menynge. Versutus, versipellis,

NOVO, CATH.

Falow, londe
Fame,

eryd.

Novale, vel

novalis, cath. (ug. in neos, p.)

Falsheed.

UG. in verto. Falsitas.

yn' boke, for yvel wrytMenda, cath. c. f. ug.

or loos of name,-'' to clense

Fama.
corne.'*

Fann
Fane

wythe

Falsheed

Vannus, cath.
of a stepylle, or o]>er lyke.^ Cherucus, veutilogiuin.

ynge. Falsyn', or
'

make

false. Falsijico.

euylle, einlencia, comichis vel comicialis, morlus caducus, noxa, cath. ang. Epilepsy, or tlie falling sickness, appears to have been in former times a very prevalent disorder, and had numerous appellations Cotgrave and Sherwood give the following, in French, " le mal cachigzie, mal de terre, le mal S. Jean, le gros mal, le liaut mul, mal cVAlcide, mal des comices, mal de Mcdiomet, mal de S. See londe ivyl. Valenfin, maladie de S. Jcan, muutvlec, maluhec^' ^ Mawther, in the East Anglian dialect, still signifies a girl, aeeording to Forby and Moore. The explanation of the word carisia given in the Catholicon, has been adopted in the Ortus, " Carisia dicitur lena vetus et litigiosa, unde et fallaces ancille, quia See moder, servaunte. veritate carent, Anglice, false seruauntes," ^ See Loos, or fame. ^ " A fanne, ca^risteritim, pala, vannus, ventilalrum.^'' cath. ang. Ang.-Sax. fann, The ancient form of this implement, explained in tbe Catholicon to be ventilahrum. " instrumentuvi de vimine fo.ctum, in raodvm scuti, crihrum,'"' has undergone little change during several centuries, as exhibited on the sepulchral brass at Chartham, in Kent, representing Sir Robert de Setvans, or de Septem Vannis, who died in 1306. The fan, or van, here appears both on the armorial surcoat, and the ailettes ; the bearing, which is a curious exaniple of the arma cantantia, or armes ^Mrlardes, appears to have been, not seven vans, but three, as given in the Roll of Arms, t. Edw. II. Cott. MS. Calig. A. XVIII. A faithful representation of this curious memorial has been given by Messrs. Waller in their valuable Series of Monumental Brasses. ' " A fayne of a schipe, chcruchus, ct cetcra uhi a wedercoke." cath. ang. Ang. Sax. fana, vexillum. Chaueer uses this word repeatedly,

"])e

falland

fjerenoxa.''''

"

And

stormy peple, unsad and euer untrewe, undiscrete, and changing as a fane
!

"

CIerke's Tale.

Among

the costs of the construction of a dormitory, at Burcester Priory, in 1424, is a charge for " truncis de ferro, cum ij ventilogiis, viz. Vanys de tyn, poriendis super utrumque fnem dormitorii ; " Kennetfs Paroch. Ant. ii., 254 ; and in the aecounts of Thomas Lucas, Solicitor-Gen. to Henry VII. for the building of Little Saxham Hall,

PROMPTORIUM PAR^TJLORUM.
Fangyn, or latchyn (lachyn or hentyn, k. n.y Apin-eliendo. Fanne corne, or ofer lyke. VannO, CATH.

149
fantaii.

Fantasy, or

Fcmtasma,
(fanoii,
p,)2

fantasia, cath. Fanvn', or fanen'

JFanula, dicc. rnanipulus, cath.

1507, is the entry, "a fane for my vise (winding stairs); iv vanys for my bruge." Rokewode's Hist. of Suff. 151. Chaucer, in the Manciple's Prologue, alludes to the rural sport of justing " at tlie fan," in some MSS. " van " which has been explained as signifying a kind of quintain, so termed from its revolving like the fane of a weather-cock. In the curious version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. a passage occurs, however, which would lead to the supposition that Chaucer's allusion refers to a rural conflict, with the winnowing fan, by way of shield it declares " how olde werriours were wont to iuste with fannes, and pley with the pil, or the pale " and that tyros or young soldiers ought to have " a shelde made of twigges sumwhat rounde, in maner of a gredryn, the whiche is clepede a fanne and therwith they sliolde haue maces of tree." B, 1, e, xi. See QUTNTYNE hereafter. To fang or seize, Ang.-Sax. fang, caplura, fangen, captus, is a verb used by R. Brunne, and various writers, as late as Shakespeare. See underfoxgyn, and latchyn
in
; ;
;

'

hereafter.

of this appellation of the sacred vestment, termed also the maniple, the Latin ixiami.s has been suggested, the German Fahne, or the Ang. Saxon word of the like signification, fana, vexillum. The resemblance of the maniple to the penon on the lance, called in France fanon, or phanon, is obvious. The word can hardly, however, be of Ang. Saxon derivation, as in .ffilfric's Glossary, written towards the close of the Xtli cent. the maniple is termed " wa^MiaiM, handlin " and among the gifts of Bishop Leofric to Excter Cathedral, about 1050, are mentioned " iv subdiacones handlin." MS. Bodl. Auct. D. 2, 16. Leo IV. P.P. towards tho middle of the IXth cent. ordained thus, '' 7ui.llus cantet sine aniictu, siue alba, stold, fanone et casxda ; " and a contemporary writer, Rabanus Maurus, says, " quartum sacerdotis indumentum ma^yjiula sive viantile esl, quod vulgo fanoneni vocant.'''' Inst. Cler. c. 18. The original intention and use of the maniple is explained by Alcuin and " Map^Jula, qne in sinisira paj-te Amalarius, writers of the same period, as follows (/estatur, quu pituitam ocuhmim et narium deter[jimus." Shortly after, however, the rieh and massy ornaments bestowed upon the fanon rendered it unsuitable for its original purpose. specimen discovered at Durbam, in the tomb attributed to St. Cuthbert, is still preserved there it is elaborately ornamented with needle-work, on a ground woven with gold, and was wrought, as appears by inscriptions upon it, by direction of .ffilfleda, Queen of Edward the Elder, for Frithelstan, consecrated Bp. Winchester A.D. 905. It was probably brought to Durham, with other precious gifts, by Athelstan, the successor of Edvvard, in 931. This fanon measures 32;J- in. exclusively of a fringe and its breadth is 2^ in. Elaborate drawings of this inteat the ends, If in. deep resting relie, and of the stole discovered with it in 1827, are in the possession of the Tliey are both ornaraented with figures of saints. Society of Antiquaries. By this, and other representations, it appears that the fanon was at that period worn loosely thrown over the back of the hand, as on the Bayeux Tapestry in the representation of Abp. Stigand but subsequently it was attached closely round the wrist. In a few instances the fanon appears carried on the right, instead of the left hand, an example of which occurs in the Bible of Charles the Bald, MS. of the IXth cent. See Montf. Mon. Franc. 1, pl. xxvi. The fanon was usually of the same suit, de eddcm secta, as tho stole, and the parures of the araice and the alb tho material of which they were formed was most costly. Among the gifts of Will. de Elintune to Rochester, it is reeorded
is

The etymology
;

uncertain

150

pr.oMPTor>iU5i PARvCLonrji.

Fardelle, or trasse. Fardellus. Jactancia, arFare, or boost.

rorjancla.

Farcyd, as metys. Farcitus. Faarce mete (farsen, p.) Farcio,

farcino, cath.

Fare, Fare,

or ledpige of lyfe. Vcditudo. of

scliepemeii

be

]>e

see.

Navigium.

Farsure. Farsura, farsumen. Trulla, homhus, cath. Fart. Fartare. Pedo.

Fartox'.

Fare makere,
(Fare well,
p.

or bosto^n^re.

Jac-

Pedo, cath.
Peditura, homhizacio.
p.)^

tator, iihilocompus, c. f.

Fartynge,
{sic^
Villo.

Vale, valete.)

Facelyx', as clotbjs (faselyn,

Fare welle,

or elle

mon'

(badly, k. p.)

Faryn' owte of
patrio.

J)e

Vcdeo, c. f. cuntre.

Fasylle of a
Delyke, p.)
luS,

clothe (or

other

Fractillus,

c. f. {yil-

CATH. p.)
Fassio, confessio.

Faryn'

the navigo.
" dedit

ovyi- pe see, or J/eo, see, p.)i

watm* (on
transmeo,

Fassyone, or knowlechynge (facyon, p.)

Fassyone, or factyone, fonne of

de viride ciclade de alla imrpxira,'''' &c. stolani et fanum de nigra purimra Reg. Roff. 119. Tliey were oriiamented with gems, pearls, and goldsmith^s work, as treasuries at Old St. Paurs and Lincoln, printed by appears by the inventories of the Dugdale. It must be observed that some distinetion soems to have been made in Italy in the Xlth cent. between the fanon and the maniple, but its preeise nature has not been ascertained. See the accounts of the gifts of Abbot Desiderius, Chron. Monast. " Fannell for a preeste's arme, /a/co." palsg. " Fonon, Casin. Murat. iv. 429, 487.

a fannell or maniple, a scarfe-like omament vvorne on the left arme of a sacrificing Priest.'" COTG. To fare, Ang.-Sax. faran, ire, is a verb frequently used by the earlier vvriters, as R. Brunne, Rob. of Gloucester, Langtoft, and Chaucer,
'

" Ten thousand prest and yare, K. Alisaunder, line 1188. Into batail for to fare."

Thomas de la More, in his Life of Edward II. relates that at Bristol, on the way to Berkeley Castle, Thomas de C-rorney put upon his head a crown made of hay, and the Eoldiers "rVo/tfV/ nirals accrla dixirurd, fare forth .Syr Kynge." Ed. Camden, p. 602. Minot, speaking of the journey of Edward III. into Brabant, in 1338, says,
Sir

" Unto France

fast will

he

fare,

To
fare with

confort

hym

jvith grapes."
fare, I

Various significations of this verb are given by Palsgrave, " I

one, or entreate

go a iournay.
so

hym

well or yuell.

I fare, I playe at a

game

named

at the

thyng in my dealing. I fare, I take on, as one doth y' Occasionally it is used in the sense of compelling to go ; thus, in the Towneley Mysteries, Herod, enraged at the birth of Christ, declares,
dyse.
in

I fare, I resemble another

is

sorowe."

"

Under my

feete I shalle

thaym

fare,

Those ladys that wille (not)

-

lere

my

lare." p. 120.
;

Palsgrave gives the verb " I

fasyll

out, as sylke or veluet dothe, le raule

my

sleve

Fasyll of clothe, ca^sure.'''' ? Ang.-Sax. {xs,fimbria. The term to ravel, now generally used in this sense, thus appeai-s to be derived, not from thc verb to reavc, or tear away, as it has been supposed, but from the French.
is

fasylled, rauelee.

PriOMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.

151
Jejunus, impransus,

makynge. Forma,formefactura,
fo7'mefactio.

Fastynge.
c. P.

or
festyd.

Fast,

or

bowndyn',

Vinctus^ ligatus.

Fastynge, idem quod fastb. Fate, vesselle.2 Cuva, c. f. cupa

vel cupus, c. p. Dicc.

Fast, or fcstyd be clevyngc to, or naylynge, Fixiis, confix-ns. Faste of abstynence (or fastynge,
K.)

Jejunium.

Fat, or fet. Pingtds. Fat fowle, or beste, mestyde to be slayne (masted,^^)^ Altile,

Fastabe. Jejunator, Jejunatrix. Fast gonge, or schroffetydc, or gowtydc (fastyngon, v.y Carniprivium (et carnibrevium, p.) Fastyn'. Jejuno.
'

UG. in alo.

(Fatyn, or lcsyn colonr, k.

ceo.)

Mar-

Fatnesse.
adeps.

Pinguedo, crassitudo,

" Fastyngange, camiimvium.'''' cath, ang. Palsgrave gives "at fastyns, at Fastyngonge, a Quaresme prenant.'"' Blount, in his Dictionary of Hard Words, 1680, " fasguntide " as a NorfoUv word, which Forby considers as now ohsolete. In gives the statement made by the citizens of Norwicli respecting a riot that occurred in 1441, termed Gladman's Insurrection, they declare that it originated in the circumstance that the said Thomas Gladman " on Tuesday, in tlie last ende of Cristemesse, viz. Fastyngonge Tuesday, made a disport with his neyghbours, coronned as Kyng of Cristemesse." Blomf. Hist. ii. 111. A detailed aecount of sucli local usages at Shrove-tide will he found in Brand's Popidar Autiq. vol. i. Hardyng, relating the conflict between the Yorkists and Queen Margaret, which closed with the battle of St. Alban^s, Shrove Tuesday, Febr. 17, 1461, says,
"

And southward came thei then therfore To Sainct Albones, vpon the fastyngange eue

(id. fastirne.)"

Chron.

c,

237.

The term is compounded from Ang.-Sax. fajsten, jejunium, and Song, iier, or going, " Caresme preiiaut, Fastnes, or Shrove Tuesday." the commencement of Lent.
COTG.
^ " " Cupa, a coupe, fatte, cupa, cuva. fattmaker, cuparius.''' cath. ang. or a fatte, or stope." ortus. " Fatte, a vessel, rjuevue. Fatte to dye in, cvuier d " Cuve, an open tub, a fat, or vat." cotg. Ang.-Sax, feet, fat, ras. taindre." palsg. Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, enumerates " thinges that ben vsed after the hous, platers, disshes, saussers, sallyers, trenchours ; these thinges shall ye fynde of tree, and of erthe. Now after, a disshe fat (esculier) where me leyeth theriii thc forsaid thinges, and tlie spones of tree." There was a local measure of grain, called a fat, identical with the cupa, c<qms, or cava, and which contained a quarter, or 8 bushels. The Stat. 1 Hen. V. c. 10, recites that it had been ordained that there should be only one measure, namely 8 bushels to the quarter but that the purveyors of the Crown were aecustomed to take 9, and the merchants and citizens of London take of all sellers the same quantity, as a quarter of wheat, " par un mesure use cleins la dicte Citee, The word coupe does not occur in appelli le faat, ove un hussell mys sur le dit faat." the Promptorium, in the same sense as fate, but is so given in the Ortus and the " cowpe, cupa. cowper, cupctrius.'" Caxton says in the Book for Cath. Ang. Travellers, " Paule the couper maketh and formaketh the keupis {refaict les cuues.y ^ See Mastyn beestys, hereafter. Ang.-Sax. msestan, saginare.

152
Fawcett.1

PnOMPTORIUM PARVULORTOI.
Febylxesse, or weykcncsse .De hilitas.

Fawchun,

CUpsidra. knyfe or swerde.2 Machera, c. f. et cath. sernis(fawconer,

p.)

Febylxesse, or

lytylle

of valure.

jxita, UG,

Eo:ilitas, invalitudo.

Fawkexere
conarius.

Fal-

Ferlyn', or make feble (febelyn,

p.)

Dehilito.

Fawk5n', hawke. Falco. Fawn', m/pra, idcm quod fayke.

Fedde wythe
piastus.

mete.

Pransus,
Ciho,p)asco,

Fawkyn'

as liowndjs.

App)laudo,

Fedyn' wythe mete.

esco,

blandior.

cath.
fode.

Fawnyxge
Favoryn'. FavoW'RE.

of liowndjs.

Plausus,

Fedynge, or

Pastum,
victus.

ali-

ap)plausus.

mentum, aUrnonia,

Faveo. Favor.

Feede
mete.

chyldryn'

Fawte, or defawte. Defectus. Fawty, or defawty. Defectivus. Fawtour, or meyntynore. Fautor.

Fee. Feodus. Febylle, or weyke.
hecillus, ERiT.

Fedyr. Fedyrfu,

wythe Papo, c. f. Penna, plurna.

or
fedyrfoy,
feteiyn'.

pappe

herbe.

FehriffuQa. Federyn', or
dio,

Comjje-

Dehilis,

im-

CATH.
feteiys of

Federys, or
(fettu'S, p.)

pryson

Febylle, or

lytylle wortlie. Exilis.

Cornpes.

' Clepsidra is explained in the Ortus to be the same as " docillus, Anglice a perser " Faucet, to drawe wyne, faucet, broche or a spygote." See dottell, dossell, above. a estovper le fitc." palsg. This word is derived from the F rench, faidcet. * fawehone, ruhiphea, framea, spata." cath. axg. This appellation of a sword with a curved blade is taken from tlie French fauchon, a diminutive of faux, from the Latin falx. The fauclion is frequently mentioned by Guiart, who Tote at the close of the Xllltli cent. and seems to have been identical witli the falso, often named at that period, and the fulcio, whicli is included among weapons that monks were forbidden to bear by the Stat. Cistert. Ord. A.D. 1202. An early instanee of the use of this weapon occurs in the curious designs of temp. Edward I. discovered in the Painted Chamber at Westminster, given in the Vetusta Monumenta. When Launfal is assailed by the lords of Lombardy, in unequal conflict,

"A

" Sir Launfal brayde out hys fochon, And, as lyjt as dewe, he layde hem donne."
Launfal Miles. Cott.
It

MS.

Calig. A.

ii.

the fauchon and falso seem occasionally to be that the falchion may occasionally have been a kind of bill, with the curved or scythe-shaped blade whence the name was taken. Chaucer uses the word as signifying a sword, and in Piers PIoughman's Vision allusion occurs to St. Paul, keeping the gate of heaven with his " fawchon." Palsgrave gives " Fawchyon, a wepen, marguy baston de roif ; " and Cotgrave, " Malcus, a faulchion, hangar, wood-knife."

must be observed, however, that

named with long-handled weapons, and

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Feffvd. Feofatus (feofactus, Fefement. Feofamentum.
p.)

153
(feble-

Fevntenesse, or feyntyse
nesse, p.)
Segnicies.

Fefowre. Feofatus. Fetche, corne, oi* tare

K.)
Vicia,
bus, c. F.

(fehclie,

UG. in vincio, croAffero. fettyngc. Alla-

Feyntly. Segniter. Feyyr, or feyre. Nundine. Feyghte, or fyghtynge (feyt, or Pugna, certafeytyng, k.)
men.

Fetchyn, or Fetchynge,
tura.

fettyii'.

or

Feyghtare.
certator.

Pugnator,

certor,

(Feyar, or fowar, infra

fyrmar.)!

in

goonge
Fictor,

Feynare
Feynyd.

(feynour,

p.)

Feghtare, or baratowre (feyter, Pugnax, c. f. p.) Feyghtyn' (feytyn, k. feythtyn,

h.)
mico.

simulator.

Pugno,
Fides.

cath.

bello,

di-

Fictus.

Feynyd thynge. Feynyd sleythe

Ficticium.
of falsliede (feyn-

Feythe.
(breker.)

Feythe breke(r),
Feythfulle and

yng, sleithe, h. feyned sleyte, p.) Com{m)entum, cath. c. f. Feynyn'. Fingo. Feynyn' yn syngynge, or synge lowe.2 Succino, cath.

or comnant Fidifragus, fidifraga.

trusty.

Fidelis.

Feythefulnesse. Fidelitas. Felle, or fers.4 Severus, ferus,

fellitus,

ferox

(^bilosus, felleus,

Feynynge. Fictio, Feynt. Segnis.

simulacio.

atrox, p.)

Fela, or felowe (felawe,

cowai"dcius (consors, p.) Fela, or felow at raete.
cius.

p.)

So-

Feynt hertyd. Vecors. Feyntnes of herte, or

Sodalis.

nesse (feyntyse of herte, or cowardyse, k. p.) Vecordia. (Feyntyn, k. h. feynten, p. feote, j. feyte, w.)^ Fatesco.
'

Fela, or felow yn' travayle.

Fela, or felow yn
lega,

SoCol-

offyce.

cath.

The word feyar, introdueed here on the authority of Pynson' edition, is derived from the verb to fie or fey, used by Tusser, and still linown in the East Anglian dialect. " Escurew, a scowrer, cleanser, feyer." cotg. See fyin, and fowar. * Palsgrave says, " I feyne in syngyng, le chante a hasse voyx. We niay nat synge

we are to nere niy lorde, but lette us fayne this songe." In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, it is recommended that thc host in marches " be not highely fayntede with iourneyeng of weyes in the liete of the day," but in summer should rest from " vndren' to myde ouernone.'" B. iii. c. 2. * " Felle, acer, aeerlus, asper, alrox, austerus, ferox, &c. To be felle, harharizare,
out,
'

sevire.

To make

felle,

/<;mre.

Felly, acriler.
is

felhies,

atrocitas, rir/or,

&c." cath.
Fell,

" Fell or fierse, as a person Felnesse, or Mony she, felonneux. ANG.

crudelitas.

for

modynesso.
palsg,

Fyers, feU,

rifforeiix,_fier.
fell,

despiterie.'"

Ang.-Sax.

crudelis, felnys,

154

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOErM.
yn'

Felow

walkynge by

]>e

way

Felyn' wytlic
Palpo. Fellyn', or
p.)

liandys, or gropyn.

(in iourney, p.) Comes. Fela, or felow in scole. Consors.

castyii'

domie

(fallen,

Socius in 2)ericulo^ collerja in officio, comes in itiaere, consors in premio, sodalis in mensd, vel
in scde
;

Prosterno, dejicio.
soore.^

Felone,

Antrax,

c.

f.

carbuncidns,

c. f.

hec UG. in sayio.

Felowys, y-knytte
wykydnesse.

to-gedyr
c.

in
f.

Complices, complex, UG. in plico.

Felowly. Socialiter, sodaliter. Felyschepe (felowsliepe, p.) Socialitas, societas,

Felone, tlief. Scelestus. Felonye. Scelus. Filtnim, Feelte, or qwylte.2 cath. c. F.fultru7n, kylw. Fistra, fel Feltryke, lierbe.3
terre, centaurea.

contuhernium.

Felwe

Feelde.
arvum.

Ager,

campus,
(felfare,

rus,

Feldefare,
Rurisciis.

byrde
Socialis.
p.

p.)

Feleable. (Feelabyll,
Fely'n'.

of a qwele (whele, p.) Cantus, c. f. cath, timpammi, cath. circumferencia. Femel, no male. Femella. Femelle. Feminius. Femyny^ne, or woman lyke. ^iuliebris (femininus, p.)

Sensibilis.)

Seneio.

Fenne.4 Lahina,

p)(dus,

cath. ug.

" Felon, a sore, etdracq." palsg. * Furunwhiche breketh out in the fingers with great wheales and moche pe^me. Togax, a felon, whiche happeneth on a mann's fynger." eltot. Baret gives " A fellon, vncomme, or catte^s haire ; a bile or A sore that riseth in man's bodie, furiniculus ; Bossdie dure, ou froucle, vg clou. fellon, or impostumation vnder the rootes of the nailes, imronyclim ; " and Cotgrave, " Furunnde, a fellon, or vv-hitlaw Pu.nary, a felon, or whitlaw, at the end of a finger.'" Gerard recomniends as a reraedy the Persicaria liydroin^^er, or arsmart, which, " bruised and bound upon an imposthume in the ioynts of the fingers (called among the vulgar Elyot explains the term uncome as sort a fellGn or vncome,) taketh away the paine." " adientitius morbus, aycker.GS that cometh without our defaute, and of some follows
'

" Cdrhuncidus, the felone." ORTUS.

;

culns, a soore called a felon

also a soore callid a cattes hear,

men
*

is

callyd an

vucome."
so

The Oatholicon explains ,A7;/-(()?t to be and the Ortus renders "fulirum, fiat;'''' mentum.^'' The term felt appeai-s to have

called

" quia ex

filis, i.

^yiHs

an imalixim

iliud fiuod ornat lectura, siee lecti apodiasignified, at a very early period, a material

formed of wool, not woven, but compacted together, suitable even for a garment of " Cenirum velfilirum, felt." deienee, so that the gimbeson is soraetimes termed/e/(r?r//i. CtIoss. /Elfrici. In Norfolk a thickly matted growth of weeds spreading by their roots, as couch-grass, is termed a felt. ^ This herb is the small centaury, whieh was ealled fd ierre, and in Dutch Eerdegall, from the exeessive bitterness, and possibly the deep yellovv colour of its juice, which iu sonie countries was used by women to dye their hair, when yellow hair was the prevalent fashion. Feltryke By modern botanists it is known as the Erylhrmi centaurium. appears to be merely a eorruption of the Latin name ; Cotgrave gives " Sacotin, feaverwort, earth gall, comraon centory." * FfiNNE has occasionally, as the Ang-.Sax. fenn, the absti'act signification of mire.

PnOMPTORIDM PAnVULOUUM.
Fexce, or
defence
of

155

closynge

(clothinge, p.) Defensio, municio, defensaculiun, ug. infenso.

Feende. Diaholus, devioii. Fendowre, or defeudowrc.

fensor, protector. Fenestralle.' Fenestrella,
nestrale.

Defe-

Fence, defence

fro

eumyes.

Pro-

teccio, defensio.

Fencyd, or defencyd,

Defensns, munitus, defensatus, ug.

Fenkylle,
culum,

or

fenelle.^

Feni-

c. F. vel

fenicidus, dicc.

Fensyn', supi-a in defexcyn'.

Thus

(inaratruvi, p.)

in the version of Vegeeius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is related that Scipio bid his Spanish prisoners cleanse and dig ditches, " with tliis reprouable scorne ye ben worthy, he saide, to be blottede and spottode, foulede and defoulede with fenne and witli drit of water [luto inquinari) and of blode, J^at iri tyme of werre ne were not, ne wolde nat be bespreynt ne be wette witii ennemyes blode." B. iii. c. 10. Bcfore the general introduction of glazed windows, their place was supplied by framed bliiids of cloth or canvas, termed fenestralis, whicli are mentioned in the " pro canaho-ad accounts of the e.xecutors of Queen Eleanor, A.D. 1291, as follows feiiestrn.llas, ad scaccaritini Iteffirue apiid ]Vt:stmoHasterimn, iijd." Household Expenscs, " P"eneatrall, chassis presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 135.
; '
:

ou de p)aiqner {papier.y Palsg. Hornian says that " glasen wyndowis let and kepe out the winde paper or lyn clothe straked acrosse with losyngys make fenestrals in stede of glasen wyndowes, I wyll have a latesse {clathriini) before the glasse for brekynge. I have many prcty wyndowes shette with leuys goynge np and Not long subsequently to the time downe {canestella qute attolli et demitti possuid) when Horraan wrote, glazed windows became so generally in use that tlie fenestrall was laid aside. Harrison, who wrote his description of England about 1.579, speaks of "lattise made of wicker, or fine rifts of oke in chekerwise," formerly much used iu He speaks of the use of horn, country houses instead of glass, as being then obsolete. selenite, and berill, for glazing windows, observing that of the last " an example is yet in Sudleie castell " and states that glass had become so cheap and plento be seene tiful, lieing imported from Burgundy, Noriiiandy, and Flanders, as woll as made in England, of good quality, that eveiy one who chose might have abundance. B. ii. c. 12. Holinsh. Chron. i. 1S7. Leland noticed " the Hawle of Sudley Castle glased with rownd
de
toille,

in the lyght,

.''''

Beralls." Itin. iv. f. 170, a; viii. f. 74, b. - " Fenelle, or fenkelle, fenicidv.m, maratrum.'''' c.vth. ang. The numerous virtues of this herb are thus summed up in the King's CoII. MS. of the Promptorium :

" Bis duo dut maratrum, fehres fugat oM-iue venenum, Et purgat stomacum, sic reddit iame/i acutum.''''

Macer
"
J>e

gives a detailed account, in whieh the follovving remarkable passages oceur edderes wole ete fenel, when her yen dasnyl^, and so she geti}' a-yene her clere sighte; and J^er J^oroghe it is founde and preved J^at fenel doj? profit to mannis yene J>e yen J>at bcn dusked, and dasnij", shul be anoynted wit J^e ius of fenelle rotis medeled wit hony; and J>is oynement slialle put a-way alle \>e dasewenesse of hem, and make hem bryjt." The virtue of fennel, in restoring youth, was a discovery attriliuted " J>is prouiJ> auctuurs and filisoferis, for serpentis whan likewise by Macer to serpents men (sic) olde, and willeth to wexe stronge, myglity., and yongly a-yean, \>ei gon and eten ofte fenel, and J>ei become yongliche and myghty.'' MS. in the possession of H. \V. Diamond, Esq. Fe.nIvYLLE is obviously a corruption of the Latin name; this hcrb is In Picrs PIoi!ghman"s Vision still called in German Fenchel, and in Dutch Venckel. mention occurs of
: ;

"

fertiiing

worth of fynkel-.scdc

for fustynge daios."

15G

PROMPTOHIUM PARVULORUM.
seede.

Fenkylle, or feuelle ratmm, c. r,

3[a-

Fercehede.

Ferocitas, scveritas.

Fery

Fente
c.

of a clothe.i Fihulatorhim^

Y.fimhria. Feer, or ferdenesse.

terror,
et

cetera

in

Timor, D, drede,
it

over a watyr. Formeus, CATH. UG. in neo. Feryage. Feriagium, naulum, potomium, c. f. cath.

dredefulle.

(Ferdfull
K. p.

tliinge,

qnat so
c. f.)

be,

Feryalle. Ferialis. Feryare. Pormens, cath. Feryboot. Portemia, c. F.

Feryx', or make a-ferde.^ Terreo,
perterreo.

Terrihilum,
fer

Fer, or

a-way. Alonge,procul,
p.)

eminiis, longe.

Fery place, zVZm quod fery.

iclem

Fersse
felle,
'

(feers,
siqyra.

quod

Feerme, a rent. Firma. Firmus, Ferme, and stabylle.

is described tabard-wise, purtied, or trimmed with

In the Assembly of Ladies, a

poem

attributed to Chaucer, Attemperaunce

in

as arrayed in a blue go\\Ti

fur,

of cloth

of gold,

and

set

with pearls and diamonds.

" After a

Like as armine

With They were couched

The
glossarist interprets vent

the coller and the vent, is made in purfeling, great pearles full fine and orient,
sort,
all after

one worching."
;

fore-part " but this does not suffiIn the Xlllth cent. the fent or vent appears at the collar of the robe, both in male and female costume, being a short slit closed by a brooch, and which served for greater. convenience in putting on a dress so fashioned as to fit closely round tlie tliroat. This is shown by the etRgies at Fontevrault, engraved by Stothard, and especially by those of Queen Berengaria, at the aljbey of TEspan, and of Richard I., recently discovered at Rouen. Archseol. xxix. pl. xxi. In these instances it is sufficiently apparent why the fent should be termed, as in the Y Tom\)tov'mm, fihulatorium but at a later period being considerably prolonged, the opening of the robe in front extending often much below the waist, a brooch was no longer sufficient to close it. At the period when Chaucer wrote, the fent was trimmed with rich furs, and the fastenings were ornaments of chased work, jewelled, of a very splendid description. They are termed in inventories " atiacJus,'''' and exhibited on the effigies of Lady Mohun, and of Joan of Navarre, Queen of Henry IV., at Canterbury. The less richly decorated effigy of Queen Philippa, at We.stminster, presents an example of the fent, siniply clossd by a lace and the combination of furs and jewels in this part of costume appears in many MSS. which have furnished Strutt with examples, among which may particularly be mentioned Roy. MS. 16 G. V. See Strutfs Uresses, pl. xciv. The propriety of applying to the fent, thus purfled and adorned, the term fiinhria, as in the Promptorium, is evident, as likewise limhus, which is given by Dueange, on an ancient authority, as synonymous vixth fihulatonum. In the Wardrobe of Sir John Fastolf, A.D. 1459, there was "j jakket of red felwet, the ventis bounde with red lether." Archasol. xxi. 253, " Fente of a go\iTie, feate.'''' palsg. * The use of the verb to fear, in an active sense, is not uncommon.
as signifying

"the

ciently explain the terra.

" That rybaude fered me with his loke, That confort to me coude I none take."
^^

Castell of Labour, 1506.

AngJice, to fayr. Terreo, i. ferrorem in/erre, to feere." ORTUS. " I feare one, I make hym afrayde. I feare awaye, skarre away, as we do beestes or byrdes, declatsser palsg. Ang.-Sax. faran, terrere. See fesy.n'.
i.

Ahsterrerc,

'penitns

terrere,
.''''

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ratus,

157
Firmarius. Ferrarius,
k.
fert',
p.

unde dicitur in literd ratum et gratum, ferme aud stabylle, cath.

attornatus,

Fermowre. Ferrowre,

smytlie.^

CATH. ferrator, comm.

FuRMEnYE.
mitoriwn.

Injirmaria,
or

infir-

Feertyr

(fertyr,

fertm-, J.)^

Fermyn',
ferme.
accipio.

take a
vel

pyiige

to

Firmo,

ad firman

Fervente. Feruently. Ferventer. Feruowre. Fervor.

Feretrum. Fervens, fervidus.

V.

In the will of the Earl of Essex, 1361, occur bequests " a Mestre Tkonias le ferour, marcs ; a un garson pur le ferour, xxs.; a %ui (jarson feurer, i. m.arc.'''' Royal Wills, p. 50. Elyot renders " veteriuarius riiedicus, a horseleche, or ferror," now called corruptedly a farrier. In the version of Pliny, by Holland, it is related that the Empress Poppoea " was Ivuowne to cause her ferrers ordinarily to shoe her coach horses, and otlier palfries, &c. with cleane gold." B. xxxiij. c. 11. In the order of the Pageants of the Play of Corpus Christi, at York, 1415, are enumerated among the This last various trades, " smythes, fevers." Sharpe's Coventry Mysteries, p. 137. appellation is taken directly from the old French, fevre, fehvre, or ferre, a black'

smith.
* Among the appliances of a sacred nature, there were feretra of two kinds first, the bier for carrying the corpse to the grave, " feretrum, bajre," Gloss. ^lfric, thus " amici extrahant mortuum, deferenies in ferementioned in the laws of Henry I., By the Constitutions of Will. de Bleys, trtim, et portantes eum ad ecclesiam.'^ 1229, and Walter de Cantilupe, 1240, Bishops of Worcester, as also of Abp. Peckham, 1280, among the ornaments and requisites to be provided in every church, at the charge of tlie parishioners, was included " feretruni competeas ad sepvliuram niortuorum.'''' Wilkins, i. 623, 666; ii. 49. In its secondary sen&& fereirum signified a portable shrine, containing the relics of saints, and carried in processions on a frame similar to the ordinary hier and also stationary shrines of similar fashion, but wliich it was not customary to display as gestatory ornaments, such as those of St. Cuthbert at Durhara, or St. Tliomas of Hereford, in the cathedral there. It is recorded in Reg. Roff. 120, that " Willielmus Rex Anglie magnus, in articulo mortis (1087) dedit In 1355, Elizaferetrum, cum aliari gestaiorio dearge7itato, et jMllium cum leonihus.''' beth de Clare, daughter of Gilberi Earl of Gloucester, made the following bequcst " Je devise d Seint Thonias de Hereford un ymage de n're dame, ^''argent surorre, ^''estre tache sur son fiertre." Roy. Wills, p. 31. In the ancient documents relating to the shrine of St. Cuthbert the teTm feretrum implies, as Mr. Raine states, not the shrine itself, but the quadrangular space or oratory wherein it stood the keeper had the title otfereirarius. See Raine's Saint Cuthbert. Amongst numerous representations of ihe ferttrum may be mentioned the procession of St. AIban'3 shrine, in the MS. of M. Paris, with drawings, supposed to be by his own hand, Cott. MS. Nero, D. i. Strutfs Manners and Customs, i. pl. Ixiv. One occasion on which it was customary to carry the feretra in procession, was at the parochial perambulations in Rogation week, a fuU account of which will be found in Brand's Popular Antiq. vol. i. Horman, in his chapter of sacred matters, says, " We two muste beare the feretrum {iensam gestare) aproeession in the gange dayes." The term " fertre " occurs in Langtoft's Chronicle ; and in the Golden Legend mention is made of the " fyerte," or shrine of St. Alphey, " Fierte, fierire, fietre : Chasse, reliquaire, brancard.'''' roquef. The term f. 117, b. feretrum in the MS. Ordinar. Ecc. Rotom. signifies the pyxis, wherein the consecrated Eucharist is deposited.
;
;

158
Ferthyn',
di-ans.
01"

PROMPTORIUM PAUVULORUJr.
fertlaynge.

Qua-

Festyx', or cleye
figo, configo.

to.

Figo, af-

Fesawtjt, bjrde.^ Fasianus, ornix, CATH. Fesyn', idem quod feryx', siipra." Fest, or teyjTige (festnpige, p.)
Ligatnen. Fest, or teyynge of a schyppe, or Sctdabootys (festnynge, p.)

Festyx', or byynd to-gedjT. Ligo,

alligo (coUigo, p.)

Festyn'

(v.ithin a thinge, p.) or

knyttyfi'

yn' to

thynge, or
Insero.

gryffyii', or oJ)er lyke.

Festyn', or feede men'.

make

feestys,

and

mus,

CATH.
of

^jroea-m//j,

c.

f.

Festynge
to, p.)

Convivor, cath. to a thyngc (festnyng

restis, c. f.

Confixio, fixura.

Feeste

mete and drynke. Fes-

Festynge wythe mete and diynke.

Con vivatus,
CATH.
convivatorium,

tum, convivium.

Feest, or fedynge of mete and drynke in holy chyrche.^ AgaNota, de Agape in Jure, pes. distinctione xlij., Si quis ; ct

Feestryd,
p.)

as

wowndys

(as sores,

Ciccdricus.

Feestryd wownde.
Sanio.

Cicatrix.

Raymundus, lib. 3, tit. 4. Festyd, or fed wythe goode mete and drynlie. Convivatus, cath. Festyd, or tey}'d fast to a thynge.
Fixus, confixus.
'

Feestryn', as wowndys, or sorys.

Feestrynge

of

wowndys.

Ciea-

tricatio, cicatricatus.

(Festu, infra in fyschelle.)^

The pheasant was brought into Europe from the bauks of the Phasis, in Colchis, aecording to Martial, by the Argonauts it was highly esteemed by the Romans, and In default of positive evidence as to its possibly introduced by them into Enghind. existence here in early times, it can only be stated tliat about the time v.hen the Promptorium \vas compiled, it had become sutficiently abundant in East Anglia. Thus in the Howard Houseliold Book, amongst the costs incurred at Ipswich, in 1467, " whane Syr John Howard and Mastyr Thomas Brewse were chosen knyghtes of the shyre," occurs Household Espenses, presented to the Roxburghe the item, " xij fesawntes, pryse xij*." Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 399. '' Oniix est gallus vel gallina, silveslris, Anylice a " A fesande, /asza/iMs." cath. ang. fesande or a werkok." ORTUS.
;

word '" fesid," which Hearne explains as meaning whipped or Ang.-Sax. ie&\&n,ftigare. ^ The love-feasts, or aycnrai of the primitive Christians, were held in the churches ; but this usage was suppressed by the Council of Constantinople, A.D. 691, and discountenanced by Gregory the trreat, in his Letters to the Britisb converts. It is probable that tlie author here refers solely to the primitive custom. There is no evidence that the practice of feasting in churches had been retained in any part of England but it appears probable that the agape of tlie earlier times gave rise to the ehurch-ale, of whicli, and of wakes, frequently celebrated near the precinut of the church, a full account will be found in Braud's Popular Antiq. See the Hierolexicon D. Macri, Ducange, and Spelman, v. Aga'>e. * In Piers Ploughman's Yision, line 6183, where allusion is made to Matt. vii. 3, the mote in the eye, fesUira, is termed "festu." The MeduIIa likewisc renders "fesUica, a festu, or a lytul mote." The name was applied to the straw, or stick
2

R.

Brunne

uses the

beaten

(p.

192.)

PROMPTORTUM PARVULORUM.
Fet, or
lyke.
fattc, as flesshe

159
or

and oper

Pinf/uis, crassus, obesus.

Feteryd.

Coinpeditus.

(Fewte, or omage, h. fewtye, homage, p.^ Omagium.) (Fewte, k. Fidelitas.)

Feteryn', supra {in federyx'.) Fetyce, or praty.i Parvunculus,

elegantulus.

Fy.3 Vath, racha (vaa, p.) Fy(a)l, or fyolle (fyall, or cniet, H. p.) Fiala, cath.

Fettysge, supra

in

fetchynge.
p.)

Fydyll,

or

fyyele

(fyyil,

k.)

Fetyr (of fethyr

derys)
et

prison,
{sic,

supra in
rectius
fef.

Viella, Jidicina, vitula,

cath. ia

sed pedica,

vitulus, et Dicc. vidula,

kylw.

c.

pedux,

Fydelare.
lator, UG.

Fidicen, cath. vitufyieljai' (fetelyii,

CATH.

Fetyrlokke.
talis (sera

Sera

compedi-

Fydelin, or

k.)

compedita, p.)

Vitulor, Dicc. cath. in vitulus.

supra in fattenes, popa, sagina. Fewe. Faucus, ^yctuculus.

Fettnesse,
et

Fyftene. Quindecim. Fyfty. Quinquaginta. Fygge, or fyge tre. Ficus.

Fyin, or

(or scasseues, Paucitas, paucedo. Fewte. Vestigium.

Fewenesse

k.)

Fygure, or lykenesse. Figura. defyiii mete and drynke

(fyyn, k. h.
p.)-''

Digero.

thus Palsgrave gives " festue to used for pointiiig, in the early instruction of children Occasionally the word is written with c or k, instead of t, but it spell with, fesUv." " Festa, a feskue, a straw, rush, little stalk, or stick, used is apparently a corruption. Touche, a fescue; also, a pen, or a pin for a pair of writing tables." for a fescue. COTGB. ' Chaucer uses the word fetise, and fetisely, in this sense it is apparently derived Palsgrave gives " featysshnesse, propernesse, from the old French felis, or faiteis. feactise;" as also the synonymous word " feate, or proper of makyng, godin, godinet, I haue apted them together the fetlyest coint, mignon; fetly, nycely, coijHiement. Feted, fetered, or well shapen of the lymnies, {le plus gentiment) that euer you sawe. You neuer set your eye upon aligne. It is as well fetered a chylde as euer you sawe. a fayrer fetered woman, mieulx alignee." Horman likewise speaks of "the feat conueyans of a speche that soundeth vvell to the eare, argutia jj/awsi5i7is sermonis. She wereth corked slippers to make hir tal and feet." - " Homagiwm, idevi est quod fidelitas, a William Paston writes, feaute." OETUS. in 1454, of Thomas Bourchier, Bp. of Ely, who was trauslated in that year to CanterThe word is bury, " My lord of Ely hathe do hys fewthe." Paston Lett. iii. 222. It is taken from the French, ^'feaulte, feaute; jidilite, foi, constance." roquef. commonly taken for the oath of allegiance in the feudal system
:

"

When

Bretons tuo were fled out of this lomi, Ine toke his feaute of alle that lond helde." R. Brunne.
thise

brother,

oceur the following passages " he that seith to his be gilty to the counsell." Matt. v. 22. " And as thei passiden forth, thei blasferaeden him, movynge her heddis, and seiynge, Vatk, thou that distriest the temple," &e. Mark xv. 29. * This word, in the MSS. and in Pynson's edition, occurs among the verbs between FYISTYN and FLAPPYN, which is perhaps an indication that it had been originally
^

In the

Wicliffite
{al.

version schal

Fy

fugh)

160

PR0MPT0RIU5I PARYULORUM.

Fykin a-bowte, infra in fyskin. Fykyxge a-bowte in ydylnes. Discursus, vagatus.

Fyllynge. Fylzofyr
losophus.

Lnplecio, replecio.
(fiUosofere, k.)

Phi-

Fylberde,

notte.

Fillum, dicc.

Fylette.i

(FiLBERDE, tree, r. Phillis.) Fyle. Lima. Fylin wythe a fjle. Limo. Fylyn', idem quod fowlyn, sujyra in D. Fyll wythe mete. Sacio, saturo.

Victa, uo. in vincio, philacterium. Fylme of a notte, or ofer lyke. Folliculus, gallicula, c. f. Fyloavre, of barbowrs crafte (filloiu"

of

barborys

crafte,

k.)^

Aciitecula,
{acutella, k.)

filarium,

kylw.
lino,

Fylle, or fylly(u)ge of

niete, or

Fylthe. Sordes, spurcicia,

CATH.
do, jius.

drynke. Sacietas, saturatio. Fyllyn'. Lnpleo, rej)leo.

turpitudo, lahes,

putre-

wTitten

FT3IN.

To

fie

or fey

now

signifies in
;

shire, to clean out, as

ponds or ditches

it

is

East Anglia, as in Craven and Hallamthus used by Tusser, and also to express

the cleansing of grain.

'

Choiced seed

to 1)6 picked, and trimly well fvM, For seed may no longer from threshing abide."

August's Husbandry.

"

Escurer, to scowre, fey, rinse, cleanse." cotg. Bp. Kennett, in his glossarial coll. gives " to fea, fey, feigh or fow, to cleanse or empty, as to fea a pond, a privy, &.c. Dunelm. Isl, fsegia, raundure, eluere; whence to feag, by metaphor, applied to whipping or correcting, as, He feagM him oF." Lansd. MS. 1033. In the Wicliffite version, Deut. x.xiii. 13 is thus rendered, " ^'ou schalt bere a litil stake in )?e girdil, and whanne \>o\x hast sete, hou schalt digge bi cumpas, and \>o\i schalt hile wi)) erj^e J)ingis defied out, where l^ou art releuyd;" in the Vulgate, " ec/esta kumo operies." See

defyyn', and feyar.

in 1394, " uaam longam feletam de rosis de Testam. Ebor. i. 203. Niiahus, ftuciola transversa ex auro insuta in " Fyllet for a mayden's heed, lintheo, quod est in fronte ferainarum, a felet." ORTUS. Frordeau, a fillet, frontlet, forehead cloth." cotg. In a letter frontea.u.'''' palsg. written about 1465 to Sir John Paston occurs the request of a lady, who " wuld fayne have a new felet." Paston Lett. iv. 176. " A filoure, affilatorium; to filoure, affilare.'" ^ Fylowre, or barbovNTS crafte. MS.
'

Johanna domina de Roos bequeaths,

<{;c."
^'^

per^,

''

CATH. ANG. The term offilatonura oceurs with the signification of a hone, in the Usus Ant. Ord. Cisterc. e. 85. The implement so called seems to have been identical with that now called a steel, in French fusil, which is rendered by Cotgrave " the steele, wherewith a butcher whets his knives." A resemblance in form to the spindle or spoole used in spinning was probably the origin of the appellations v\wv>"S.^,jilo.rium, " fylour " appears to signify a rod, as that upon and fusil. In the Boke of Curtasye a which a curtain may be hung, moveably, by means of rings. The word occurs in the directions for the grooms of the chambers, regarding making the pallets, and two beds
of greater state, for lords,

" That henget shalle be with hole sylour, With crochettes and loupys sett on lyour, Tho valance on fylour shalle henge with wyn, iij curteyns stre^t drawen withinne." Sloane

MS. 1986.

PnOMPTORIUM PAnNTTLORUM.

161

Fylthe

of

mannys

nose, snotte.

Fyne, of bondagc.

Polipus.

Fynne

of a fysche.
Digitus.

Finmn. Pinna.
glove.

Fylthe of mannys fete. Petor. Fymterre, herbe. Furaus terre. Fynche, byrde. Furfurio, c. f.

Fyngyr,

Fyngyrlynge

of a

Di-

Fyyndare

of thynge loste.
loste.

In-

gitabulum, cath. Fyr, tree. Abies.

ventor, inventrix.

Fyyr.
Invenio,

Ignis, rogus, focus, pir.

Fynde Fynde

thuigys
coste.

reperio, comperio.

Exhibeo.

Fyndin, helpyn', and susteinyii' hem pat be nedy (fynde theym

that ar nedy, p.)
vencio, repericio.

Sustento.
loste.

FY\rNDYNGE of thyngo

In-

Ticionarum, cath. pala, arpagio ; hec in historid scolasticd de vasis templi. Fyyr herthe. Focarimn, cath. ignearium, c. f. Fyyre yryn', to smyte wythe fyre. Fugillus, cath. ^j/rzci'Clium, DICC.

Fyyr forke.

KYLW.
infra
in

Fyyndynge,

or helpynge in bodyly goodys at nede.i Exhip.)

Fyyr

stok,

herthe

bicio, subvencio.

stoke. Fyyr stone, for to smyte wythe

fyre.

Fyne, or ryght goode (fyyn,

Egregius, excellens.

Focaris, uo. in laos, vel

in

focare, cath. ignarium, c. f.

Fyne

^vyne.2

Falernum, cath.

FiRBOME, supra

bekene.^

of Henry VII. eomprise an entry in 1493, " to Dr. exebucon of Thos. Phepo," who appears to have been King'8 scholar at Oxford; and the allowance is subsequently termed " the finding, 2 li." Exc. Ilist. The terra exhibition, or allowance of money, taken from the Latin, which in mcdieval times had the same signification, is used in this sense by Shakespeare and B. Jonson, as
'

The Privy Purse Expenses

for th'

May

likewise
^ '

still

retained at the Universities.

The Medulla renders " Falermnn, wyn all^urbest." MS. in the Editor^s possession. The praetice of maintaining beacons, to give warning of approaching invasion, is ono that may be traced in Britain to the most remote times. The term itself is AngloSaxon, beacen, sir/num, beacne torr, specula. The right of erecting beacons was one and a tax for their maintenance, termed beof the exclusive privileges of the Crown conagium, was levied upon every hundred. At an early time, as Coke observes, the
;

spot, or a rock ; subsequently to the time of Edward III. as he states, " pitch-boxes, as now they be, were, instead of those stacks, set up " that is, a kind of large cresset, raised on an upright pole or beam ; hence thc appellation firkome, Ang.-Sax. bconi, trahs. Blount cites the " Ordinaiio pro vigiliis ohservaiidis a Lynne Qrtod levari ei reparari faciaiis signa et firebares super vsque Yo/nnoutk, t. Edv}. II. montes altiores in quolihet hundredo,ita quod toia patria, per illa signa, qKoticscumque which is rendered by Stowe, " He orduined bikennecesse ftierit, itremurdri poiest ; The care with which these signals were at ings or beacons to be set up." A.D. 1326. all pcriods provided, appears by numerous evidences in tlie public records. In 1115 Henry V. on his departure for France, provides for the safety of the realm, and directs the provision of " signa vocaia bekyns in locis consuctis." Rymer, ix. 255. Ilall relates that when Rich.ird III., with false confidence, disbanded his forces, he issued.

l)eacon

was merety a stack of eombustibles prepared on an elevated

;
;

Ang.-Sax. beacenstan, jiharus

''"'

CAMD. SOC.

162
Fyrin, or sette on a
nyn.

PROMPTORIUM PARAXLORTJM.
fjre, or brin-

IgniOj cath. comhuro.

whynne, whynne,

K.
J.)^

fyir

or qwynne, f.
ydylly.

Saliunca.

FvRMAMEXT, mamentum.
tre.^

or

walkvn'.
tre,

Fir-

Fyscare
cursor,

a-bovfte

Dis~
vagidus

discursatrix,

Fyrrys, or qwyce
Ruscus.
of
alle.

or gorstys

vel vagator, vagatrix.

FisKiN

Fyrste

Primus. Fyrste, or be-fonie. Primo.

a-bowte yn ydilnesse.^ Vagor, giro, girovago.

Fyrste be-got6n'. Primogenitus. Fyrste be-getynge. Primogenitura.

Fysche. Piscis. Piscator, favissor, Fyschare.

cath.
et

Fyscharys
sliarpe

nota ibi bonam causam. boote. Phaselus,

Fyyre,

brnsche

(firre,

COMM.

oria, c. F.

strict

commands

that on the coast,

;

kept according to usage

see
is

(especially in

a greate lanterne in And when the noyes is once bruted that the enemies approche nere y'' land, they sodeiiily put fyer in the lanthornes, and make showtes and outrages from toune to toune, and from village to village." 3 Rich. III. This kind of signal, of which representations " will be found in Archasoh i. pl. i. xv. pl. sii. was likewise termed a standard hekyn or a standarde, siaiela.'" Cath. ang. It was taken by Hen. V. as a badge, and " Beakyn, fea au gvet,'''' appears aniong the sculptures of his chantry at Westminster.
:

and the frontiers of Wales, strong ward should he " for the custome of the countreyes adjoyning nere to y'^ the tyme of war) on euery hill or high place to erect a bekon with the toppe, whyche maie be sene and discerned a great space of.

PALSO.

The

elevation

whereon

it

was placed was sometimes termed a

tote-hill

see that

word
'

hereafter.

Ruscus is properly the plant with sharply-pointed leaves, called butcher's-broom, but that which is here intended appears to be the Ulex Europaus, Linn. called commonly furze or gorse. In the Wicliffite version, Isai. Iv. 13 is thus rendered fir tre schal stie tbr a gorst (c^er firse) and a myrte tre schal wexe for a nettil." Claud. In 15 Hen. VI. 143G, licence was given to Humfrey Duke of Gloucester to E. II. inclose 200 acres of land, " pasture, wode, hethe, virses, and gorste (l/niere ei jwuq)nnrHm)," and to form thereof a park at Greenwich. Rot. Parl. iv. 498. " Ruscus, " Fyrsbusshe, ionmaHn." palsg. Ang.-Sax. Anglice firsun." Harl. MS. 1002. fyrs, genisia, rhamnv^. Cotgrave Sali-aaca has occurred already, as the name of an herb called caltrap. renders ^^ cliavsseira-pe, the starre thistle. called also tlie calthrop " but although the name may have occasionally been so assigned, from its being hurtful to the foot, yet according to Parliinson the lierb called land caUrops, trihuhis ierresiris, was not of the The salinnca again is, according to the same author, a lcind of spikethistle speeies. nard, whereas in the MeduUa it is stated, " Saliunca diciiv.r vulgaiiier in Gallico can-In the Ortus it is kcrepe, (? carchiofe, an artichoke,) a q^^jnne." Harl. MS. 2257. rendered " a wynne or grost." ^ This word does not appear, by the East-Anglican glossaries, to be still in use it occurs, however, in Tusser's iessons for waiting servants.
:

"A

'^

" Such

serviture, also, deserveth a oheck,

in his

That runneth out fisking with meat

beck."

" I fyske, ie fretille. I praye you se howe she fysketli aboute." palsg. " Troiiere, a raumpe, fisgig, fisking huswife, raunging damsell." COTG. Compare fykin a-bowte, and
see Jamieson^s

remarks on that word.

It

occurs in R. Coer de Lion, 4749.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

163

Fysch sellare.
Fyschelle
Festuca.

Piscarius, jiis-

Fyve.*

Quinque.

caria, ug. in pasco.

of fyschew, or festu.'

Fyve hundryd. Quingenti. Fyvere (sekenesse, p.) Febris.

Fyvere, agu.
Querquera, cATir.
in
et

Fyschyn'.

Piscor, cath.
Piscacio, jnscaius.

UG. in quero.

Fyschynge.

Fythil, stqn-a

fedylle.

Fysch leep.2
Fisshe ponde.
Fysycian',
Jisicus.

Nassa,
leche.

c. f.

Flagge

of

J)e

erthe, vide in T. in

or

Vivarium, cath. Medicus,

TURFE.5 Terricidium (^cespes, cath, et c. F. s. gleba, p.) FlxVYne, or flawyil'. Excoriatus.

Fysnomye. Pliisonoviia. Fyste of an liande. Pugnus,

CATH. Qmgillus, p.) Fyyst, stynk. Lirida. Fyistyn' (fyen, w.) Cacco,
lirido.

Flake

(or hame, k.) Floctus, UG. injlo {squama, p.)

Flakette, botelle.S Flasco,fl((sca. Flanke, or leske. Yiium, kvlw.

c. f.

inguen, cath.

Fyystynge. Liridacio. Fyt, or mete. Equus, congnais,

UG. in grus.

Fyton',
fyttyn,

or
s.

lesynge
fytyn,
p.)-^

(fycon',

k.

Mendacium,

Flappe, or stroke. Ictus (fla~ geUum, k.) Flappe, or bufTett (flap bofet, p.) Alapa, Flappe, instrument to sniyte wythe flyys. Flabelhim, dicc.
muscarium,
c. f.

mendaciolum, cath.

* According to the Medulla the term fyschelle is synonymous with fysch leep; Nassa, q^wddam, instriimentnm ex viminibus et cirpis, tanqmim rhete, contexlnm, ad cajnendos pisces, a pyche or a fysshelle." So also it is related in the Golden Legend, " Than they put hym in to a lytell fysshell or basket, well pytched, and set it in y*^ seo, and abandouned hym to dryue wyder it wolde." f. 99, b. '^ Fiscelle, petit panier de Fyschew signifies a reed, or supple rod, as osiers, &c. jonCffiscella." roquef. ^ See hereafter leep for fysche kepynge. Ang.-Sax. leap, corhis. 3 " Pytten, mensoage." palsg. In Wiltshire fitten signifies a pretence. Feve, ms. * In Norfolk, according to Kennett, Ray, and Forby, the upper turf pared off to serve The repetition of this word below, flagge, drye wythe as fuel, is termed fiaks or flags. In the North such sods of turf are called also he gresse, is apparently a corrupt reading. See Jamieson and Broeliett. flags, or flaws, or flaughter. flaghte, uhi a turfe flaghte (or flyghte) of snawe, f.occus.'"' Cath. ang. Dan. flager, Teut, vlaeghen,

'^

"A

degluhere ;
*

Isl. flaga,

exsciadere gleham.

This word, as also Ang.-Sax. flaxe, the French jlac, or jlache, &c. appear to be from the low-Latin_/?t<r(, adopted probably from the Greek. In Williara and the Werwolf a certain clerk is mentioned who came to Rome " wi)? tvo flaketes of " Flacta, a flakette. ful fine wynes," written also " flagetes," p. 68. Ohha, gemis " A costrelle, oneforum, d;c. uhi a flakett. calicis, a bottell, a flaket." ortus. flaket, flacta, ohha, uter, dbc. uhi a potte." cath. ang. "A flaget, _/?i(eo;;." palsg. " A flacket, Tlie term does not appcar to be retained in Norfolk, as in the North.
dircctly taken

flasket, or
little

flask

bottle

made

in fashion of

barrel

which labourers use

for beer,

a barrel. Bor. Flaskin, a wooden bottle, or Yorkshirc." Kennett's gloss. foll. Laiisd. MS

103.3.

164

PROilPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Flappyn' wythe a flappe. Flahello. Flasshe, watyr.i Lacuna, cath. Flatt. Bassus, vel jylaniis. Flagge, diye wythe pe gresse.^
Globa, UG. in glohus.

Flatnesse.

Planicies.

Flawe, supra

in flake. Flawyn', supra in flayn'.

Flawme,

Flaterare, siqira, idem FEYNARE. Flateryd. Adulatus.

Flateryn'.

quod

Flarmna. or lowe. FlaW'NE, mete.3 Flamicia, dicc. Jlato, Dicc. coMM. opacus, artocasius {apacus, s.)

Flateryxge.

Adulor. Adulacio.

Flax. Linum. Flathe, or flathe, fysche

flacch, fysch, %.)*

(flay,

or

(R)a(jadies.

signifying a shallow pool, does not appear to be now retained in In low-Latin occurs in names of places, as Flash-pit, near Aylsham. flachia,fl<isca, and jfaco, in old French j^ac/fe or /esg(/.e, have the like signification. supply of water from the locks on the Thames, to assist the barges, is termed a flash, and in Sussex loose water-soaked ground is called flashy. Plot speaks of the " flashy See plasche, or flasche where over-watery taste " of some white fruits. Hist. Oxf. 156.
'

The term
;

flash,

Norfolk

but

it

reyne watyr stondythe, and pyt, or flasche. ' This word, placed here out of its proper alphabetical order, whereas flagge of \>e erthe iias occurred already, has been retained as found in the MS., on account of the
UDcertainty wliether
it is

an interpolation, or a vitiated reading.

Possibly

tlie

correct

Blount, in his reading may be flawe, a term synonymous with flagge, a sod of turf. I^aw Diet. v. Turbary, cites a charter in which " turharia hruaria a flaw-turf, or heathturf," is mentioned. In the North the words flaw and flaughter are still commonly used in this sense. See Jamieson and Brockett. " Flaton, a flawne. Artocira, a flawne, i. ^ flawne, opacum." cath. ang. dbus factus ex ]Mstd et caseo. Lagannm est latus panis et tenuis oleo liaitus, quasi " Flaune raeate, flrinet, jlan, fiaon. I loue oleo frixus, a pancake, a flawne." ORTUS. Caxton says in well a flawne. liut and it be well sugred I loue it the better." palsg. the Boke for Travellers, " Of mylke and of egges men make flawnes (flans), of mylke soden with the flour men make printed cakes (rastons).''' Recipes for making flawnes will be found in the Forme of Cury; " Flawnes for Lentyn," Harl. MS. 5401, f. 193, 202; and " flathons," under the head of " Vyauncle furtus," Harl. MS. 279, f. 42, b.

"A

Tlie

following directions " for flaunes

"

are found in the

poem

entitled

" the

slyjtes of

cui-e."

" Take new chese, and grynde hyt fayre In morter wyth egges, wyth out dyswayre ; Put powder t>erto of suger I say, Coloure hyt wyth safrone ful wele l)OU may; Put hyt in cofyns J^at bene fayre, And bake hyt forthe y the pray." Sloane MS. 19S6,

f.

87.

^n the North the word is still in use, as Bp. Kennett noticed in his glossarial collectious, Lansd. MS. 1033. " Flaun or tlavvn, a custard. Bor. As flat as a flawn. proverb. Sax.
flyna, flaena, artologanum.''''

This must not be confounded with the general appellation of flat fish the ray or was formerly called flathe, or, aceording to Willughby and Ray, flaire, still In North retained in the name of the sting-ray, called in some places the fire-flaire. Harrison, in his description Britain it is known as the fire-flaw, according to Janiieson. In the account of England, uses the name flath, evidently as denoting the ray or scate.
^
;

scate

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Flee.
Pulex.
of beest.
ox*

165
or

Fleyl btaffe,
FuCATH.

Flear

Fleare,

Excoriator. rennare a-wey.

(handyll, u. p.)

hondc stafTc Manutentum,

Vi7'ga, dicc.

gitivus, fugitiva.

Fleyle

sv^^yngyl.2
a-Avay.

Fled, or mevj-d. Amotus. Flegge, infra in S. idem quod

SEDGE.

cath. trihulum, cath. comm.

Fleynge Fleynge
lito,

Fuga.
Excoriacio.
byrdis.

of beestys.

Flecchere
Fleyke,
c. F.

(fletcher, h. r.)

Fes. liir-

Flekeryn', as ionge
nideo.

Vo-

tularius, flectarius.

or liyrdylle (fleke,

dell, p.)i

Flecta, flecta, cratis,

Flekeryn', or waveryii' yn vnstabylle herte (flyker, p.) Nuto,

CATH.

Fleyl.
V. in

Flagellum,

comm.

ug.

Flekerynge

of byrdys. Volitacio.

Fleyl

T. {trihulum, cath. p.) cappe. Cappa, dicc. mev.

Flekerynge, or
an vnstable hert.
cillacio.

waueiynge yn
Nutatus, va-

ditentum, comm. ug.

in T.

of fish usually taken upon our coasts, he observes that " the flat are divided into the smooth, the scaled, and the tailed. Of the third (are) our chaits, maidens, and kingsons, flath, and thornbacke ; " and the larger species, as he states, were dried, and formed a kind of export into other countries. B. iii. e. 8, Holinsh. i. 224. The correct reading of the word above is probably FlaJje, or flaye, fysehe. ' " Craies est inslrvinentiua ex mrgis, a, fleke." med. fleke, cratis, craticula." CATH. ANG. This word is used by R. Brunne, as also the verb to floke, or cover with hurdles, which occurs in his account of the construction of a teniporary bridge.

"A

" Botes he toke and barges,

J>ei

\>e sides togidere knytte, fleked l>am ouerthuert, justely for to ligge." p. 2il,

"Botes and barges

ilkon, with flekes

mak

J>am tighte." p. 321.

Ilardyng relates the singular escape of Sir James Douglas, who had been hemmed in by Edward III. in Stanhope Park, and by means of hurdles, which, to prevent pursuit, his men drew after them as they went, passed over a quaking and miry moss.

" But James Douglas their flekes fell dyd make, Which ouer the mosse, eeheone at others ende, He layde anon, with fagottes fell ouer the lake."
In a
satirical

Chron.

c.

178.

poem, put forth in 1550 against the liberty of religious discussion, the services and preachers of the Reformed Church, entitled " An old Song of John Nobody," printed in the Appendix to Strype's Mem. of Cranmer, it is said of those who with ignorant assurance set themselves up as expounders of the Gospel,

" More meet

it

were
meate

for

them

to

mylk kye
flekis,

at a fleyke." p. 138.

conchas sive aludos," (^? alucos) where " Ahicus, the term may signify a shallow wicker basket, in some parts termed a flasket. In the North hurdles are still called vas factum ad moduin alvei, a troughe." ortvs.

Horman

says, "

Ley

this

in trayes

and

flaiks
^*

see Jamieson.
fleyle, MS.
'^

Swyngyl

Rayle^Jlar/el/um, tribulus, irihidum,

Versus.

Tres iribulo

paries, riianuieiilum, cappa,fi<ifjellarii.

Manuttnivm, a hand

stafte, cajtpcc,

a ca]ie, jla(/ellum,

a swewelle.

swevylle, tribulum'' Catu. ang.

See hereafter swengyl.

166

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Fleschly. Carnaliter. Fleshly, or fuUe of

Flandricus, Flandrica (^Flaminyus, p.) Fleen, or flee bestys. Excorio. Fleen enniTes, or grevowsuesse. Fucjio, CATH. affugio, confugio. Fleese of mille. Vellus. Flesche. Caro. Flesche flye. Mhsco, cath. Flesche hooke. Creagra, fuscina, CATH. tridens, cath. fuscinula.

Flemmynge.

flesshe.

Carnosus, carnidentus, cath.

Carnalitas. Fleschlynesse. Flet, as mylke or oper lyke (oper licoiu', K. flett of mylke, h. v.y Despumatus. Fleet, ])e watyr of ]>e see comythe and goythe (flete, there water cometh and goth, h. u.)- Fleta,

Fleschy,
flesclie.

or

made

alle

wythe

Flete

fossa, estuarium, c. of schyppys

Classis, c. F.

f.

yn

J)e

see.

Carneus.
Carneatus.

Fleschy, or sum dele made wythe

flesche.

Fletyn' a-bovin
h. houen, p.)^

(fletyn, or hovyia,

Sujjejmato.

or skim the cream, is a verb still commonly used in East Anglia, and the " I flete mylke, which serves for tlie purpose is termed a fleeting-dish. " Esburrer, take away the creame that lyeth above it whan it hath rested." palsi;. laict cshiirre, fleeted milke to fleet the creame potte maigne, fleeted milke, or " Escreme, fleeted, as milke, uncreamed." cotg. whaye." HoIlyband's Treasurie.
'

To

fleet,

utensil

Ang.-Sax.

flet,

fios

called flet-cheese.

Uixtis. celebrated Suffolk cheese, made of skimmed milk, is Tusser, in his lesson for the dairy maid Cisley, on bad qualities of

cheese, says,

" Gehazi his sickness was whitish and dry, Such cheeses, good Cisley, ye floted too nigh."
^ The term fleet, signifying a channel, an arm of the sea, or water-course, occurs not infrequently in several parts of England, as Northfleet and Southfleet on the Thames, the Fleet-ditch, London, Holt-FIeet on the Severn, near Worcester, Fladbury, aneiently Fleotbury, and Twining Fleet, on the Avon. On the coasts of Norfolk and Suffolk tbe name is common, and properly, according to Forby, though not invariably, implies a channel filled by the tide, and left at low water very shallow and narrow. At Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, there are several channels so callcd, as White Friars' Fleet, and rurfleet. Tbe grant of the possessions of the Gild of the Holy Trinity, Lynn, by Edward VI. A.D. 1548, alludes to rents laid out in " rejjairing of banks, walls, fletes, and water-courses in Lenn." Blomf. IV. 598. " Flele where water cometh, ^(/ef/ft.''' palsg. Ang.-Sax. fleot, .'i/i.i-. In thc Nortb, as Bisliop Kennett notices in his glossarial collections, fleet signifies water, as in the ancient song over a corpse. " This ean night, tbis ean nigbt, Evei-y nigbt and awle,

Fire and

fleet,

and candle

light,

And
^

Christ receive thy sawl.''

Lansd.

MS.

1033.

cappe fleteth aboue the water yondcr a farre hence." PALSG. ^^ Na.viijer, to saile, to fleete." Hollyband^s Treasurie. Harrison, in his description of England, speaking of Lyme Rcgis, Dorset, says, " the Linie water, which the townsmen call the Buddle, commeth from tho hils, fleting upon rockie soil, and so falleth into the sea." Holinsh. Chron. i. 58. Ang.-Sax. fluotan, Jluctuare. Sec novY.v, which has a like signification.
flete
;

" To

above ye water

his

rnOMPTORIUM PAR^TLORUM.
Fletyn',
or

167

skomyn'

alo,

or

pottys, or oper lyconre that lio-

Flynt, stone. Silex. Flyghte, fleynge a-way.

effugium, c. f.

Fuga,

vythe. Despiwio, exspumo, cath. Flete myllve only. Dequacco,

Flyghte

of byrdys.

Avolatus,

exquacco. Fletynge of lycowre. Spumacio, despumacio, cath. Flew, or scholde, as vessell, or o])er lyke (scold, s. flAve, or sholde of vessels, p.)' Bassus. FLEw,complexy 6a'(flewme of compleccyon, k. flwe, p.) Flegma, CATH. et c. F. in veiitriculvs.

evolatus.

(Fltterb, supra in cukstoke.) Flytin, or chydin.3 Contendo,

CATH. Flyttin, or remevyii (away, p.) Amoveo, transfero. Flyx, or flux, sekenesse. Fluxus,
dissenteries.

Flode.

Flumen,

Jluvius,

dilu-

Flewematyke.
et

Flegmaticiis,

V(i.

Flewjie, idem quod flew, supra,

sperma.

vium,fluctus. Flodegate of a mylle. glocitorium, dicc.

Sino-

Flyare. Volator. Flye. Musca.

Floke
idem

of bestys.

Grex.
of bestys,

Floke, or hcerde
quod
cath.
so they be.

what

Fly flappe,
flappe.
c. F. et

supra,

Polia, cath.

Muscarium,
UG.

Flokkyn',

or

gadyr

to-gedyr.

Flygge,

as bryddys.2

Maturus,

volatilis.

Flygnesse.

Maturitas. Flyyn', as birdys. Volo. Flyyn' a-wey. Avolo, evolo. (Flikeryt^ge, supra in flekerYNGE, K.) Flykke of bacun'. Perna, pe~
taso, baco.

Aggrego, congrego. Flokkys of wulle or ofer lyke. Floccus, cath. (fultrum, p.) Flore (or grownde, infra.) Area. Florschare (florissher, p.) Florator.

Florschy'n' (florisshen, p.) Floreo, CATR. Jloresco. Floryschyn' bokys. Floro, kylw.

Florschynge.

Floratus.

Forby, fluo, as weli as fleet, has in Norfolk tlie signification of sliallow, In tlie Nortli, a flaw peat or.flow signifies a watery moss; Isl. flaa, palii^. See schold, or sclialowe. Margaret Paston in a letter to lier husband in 1460, describing thc vain hopes excited amongst the partizans of Henry VI. says, " Now he and alle his olde felaweship put owt tlicir fynnes, and arn ryght flygge and niery, hoping alle thyng is and schalbe as they wole haue it." Paston Letters, iv. 412. " Flyggenesse of byrdcs, ^j^ioitew^c^e." p\l.sg. In Norfolk bir.ls ready to fly are still said to be fligged, and in some parts of England are called fliggurs. Ang.-Sax. fliogan, volare, Ryge,fw(/a. " Litiyo, ^ "To Hytte, altercari, certare, lUiyare, abjurffare, catazizare.''' cath. ang. Anglice to stryff or flyte." ortus. Ang.-Sax. flitan, certare.
'

According
disli,

to

as a
'^

or a pond.

" In peese thou

ete,

To

flyte at

borde, that

and ever eschewe may the rewe." Boke of Curtasye, Sloane MS. 1986.

168
Flotyse, or
other lyke. FlOT GRESE.l
(venilio,

PROMPTORIUM PARVTLORUM.
flotyce of

a pott or
c. f.

Spuma, cath.
Ulva,
see.
s.)
C. F.

FoDYXGE, or norschynge (fodinynge, p.) Fomentum. FoDDUR, bestys mete, or forage

(foodyi-,
c. f. et

Flowyn', as the
cath.

Fluo, cath.
(see, p.)

p.)

Farrago,
Loero,

cath.
necc.

UG. infrugo, pabulum.

fui-rure.

Flowy^nge of
Fluxus,

J)e

watiir

FooYNE,
et

venilia,

cath. kylw.
Flos.

Flowre Flowre

of tre, or herbe. of mele.

Dicc. bacre, necc. et dicc^ FooLE. Stultus, fatuus, baburrus, babiger, c. f.

UG. in similis,
sujira, et Jloro,

Farina, simila, pollen, cath. c. f.

cath.

Foo(l)de of shepe.

Ovile, caula.

Flowryn', idem quod florschy^x,

Folde
Foldyn'

clothys,

or

other

lyke.
k.

Plico, cath.
a-bo^Ytiii

Flowte, pype.

Cambucus, kylw.

(abowtyn,

Versus. ydraula, calamaula. Pastor sub cauld bene cantat cum calamauld. The scheperd
viidyi]je

wythe

folde sjngythe well hys gwgawe fe pype.

abowte, p.) Circurnplecto. Foldyn' in armys. Amplector. Fooldyn', or put beestys in a folde. Caulo, incaulo, inovilo. Foldyn' vp. Complico.

(Flatorium, k. p.)

FoLDYNGE
Calamiso,
lyke.

of

clojjys,

aud

o])er

Flowtyn', or pvpyu'.
flo.

Plicacio, plicatura.

Flwe,

nette (flw, k. flewe, v. flowe, w.)- Tragum, o. f. cath.

victus.

Fode. Alimentum, alimonia,

FoLDY^NGE (of shepe, p.) or puttynge in felde {sic^ Incaulacio. FoLE, yonge horse. Pullus. Folett {idem quod folte, infra,

Gerard describes the Gramai fluviaiile, flote-grasse, or floter-grasse, -which grows in waters; and Skinner supposes the narae to be derived, " q. d. flood grass," It appears to have been also called wreke, or reke. See wkek of a dyke, or a fenne, or stondyng watyr, ulva. " The Catholieon explains traguin to be " genus retis piscatorii, quod aliter verriculum, a verrendo dicitar;'''' aceording to the Ortus, ^' tragnm, a, draught nette." In 1391 Robert de Ryllyngton, of Scarborough, bequeatlied to his servaut " j flew, cum warrap et flot," directing his two boats to be sold, and the price bestowed for the welfare of his soul. " Flewe, a nette, retz d pecher," palsg. See traiiayle, grete Testam. Ebor. i. 157. nette for fyschynge. Tragum. ^ The FOOYNE appears to have been the same as the polecat or fitchet, or according " Fowyng, beest, foyne. Foyns, a furre, to Ray the martin was sometimes so called. " Fouinne, foyenae, a foyne or polecat." cotg. Loero is the name foynnes.'^ palsg. of a small animal, called in old French lairon or lerot, the fur of which was highly esteemed. John de Garlandia says in his Dictionary, ^' Pelliparii carius vendunt wrlas de sahellino et laierone,'" rendered in the gloss " laitrone, Gallice lairons.^' In the Inventory of the wardrobe and jewels of Henry V. taken in 1423, at his deeease, are mentioned " gounos de noier danask furrez de sides de foynes et marlerons," a.nd the value of this kind of fur is ascertained by the following entry iij panes de foynes, chascun conV c. hestes, pris le pec'' x d. xijli. x s. ; " the mo.Heron being more costly, "^jj-ta le beste xij d." Rot. Parl. iv, 236.
'

PUOMPTOHIUM PAIIVULORUM.
et

169

FOPPE.)

Fatiiellus, stolidus,

liys

/ollus, UG. in foveo (hardus, v.)

01* to be bolde (foolc Temeherdy, or to bolde, s.) rarius, cath. ct ug. in audax. Tcmeritas, FoLE HARDYNESSE.

dissequus,

Pemastyr, or soucreyno. vel indissequa, asyn' manerys, or condyTmitator, cath.

FooLE HARDY,

secla, c. F.

FoLWARE,
cyons. Fol^vyn'.

Sequor.
in
in

CATH.

Folwyn",
Fatuitas, stoliditas, stulmitor.

felaschyppe.

Co-

FoLY.
ticia.

Folwyn',
cions.

maners and condysuyfi'

Gens, plehs, j^opulus. FoLTE, idem quod folet, supra (et FOPPE, infra.y Foltyn', or doon as a foole (folyn,
K. fooltyn, H.)

FoLKE.

Imitor, sector.
yn' purpose.

Folwyn', or
Prosequor.

Stultiso,

cath.

FoLWYNGE FoLWYNGE
FooME

of steppys.
of maneiys,

Sequela. or con-

infatuor.

Foltrye.

Fatuitas, stoliditas, foUicia, UG. in foveo, insipiencia, hahurra, c. f. Folavare, or he that folwythe (folower in steppys of anothir,

Imitacio dycyons. of lycoure. Spuma, cath. Foman, orenmy(foo, p.) Inimicus, inimica, emidus, hostis.

Fomerel
rium.

of

an

halle.^

Fuma-

K.) Sequax, secutor. Folavare, or serwante folowynge

"

Fomyn'. Spumo. Fondyn', or a-sayyn'.''

Attempto.

folte, Uas, lalvrrus, llaius, bardus, nugator, garro, meptus, morio." cath. Roquefort givps "folete, foleton, dx. extravagaiit, fou, sot, etourdi; volaticus.''' ToTTE oceurs hereafter as synonymous with folte. See also amsotte, and sotte. - In the Medulla fumariuvi is rendered " a chyniene or fymrel." The term is deFameralis, idem est." ortus. rived from the Latin, " Fumerale, Ahglice a fumerell. "A chymney, caminus, ej^iicasterium, fumerium, fumerale.'''' cath. ang. The term chimney seeins. however, not to liave been origiually synonymous with fomerel, hut to have signified an open fire-place, or chafer, such as the " chymneye with charecole " in the See the Avvntyrs pavilion prepared for the conflict of Syr (Talleroune with Gawayne. of Arthure. Thus also' in the will of Cecilia de Homeldon, 1407, is tlie bequest, " lego
'

ANG.

de ferro Ahbathice de Durham.''' AVills and Invent. Surtees Soc. i. 4n. In Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt, liowever, composed about the same period, " challc whyt chymnees " are described as appearing upon the roof of the castle. The fomerel was a kiiid of lantern, or turret open at the sides, which rose it had sometimes out of tlie roof of the hall, and permitted the escape of the smoke thus Withal, in his Dictlie appellation of tiie lover, a word whicli occurs hereafter " lovir or fomerill, where the smoake passeth out." Among the tionary, mentions the disbursements of Thomas Lucas, Solicitor-General to Henry VII., for the erection of Little Saxham Hall, in 1507, occurs a payinent " to the plommcr for casting and worlving my fummerel of lede ;" and it appears to have been glazed like a lantern, for there is a paymcnt to the glazier '' for 50 fete glas in my fummerelle." Rukewode's Hist. of Suff. p[). 1-19, 150. In the Book of Wolsey's Expenses at Christ Church, Oxford, Gutch, CoII. Cur. i. 2ii4. is an entry relating to the " femerell of the new kitchen." ^ The MeduUa gives *' Conor, to streyne or fonde," rendered the C)rtus, " to in

unum magnum caminum

CAMD. SOC.

170

PROMPTORirM PARVULORUM.
or a-sajnge.

FoNDYNGE,
tacio.

Attemp-

FoNEL, or tonowre.i
wfusorium,
c. f.

Fiisoninn,

Forbyschyn'. Erurjino, cath. FoRBODE, idem quod forbydDYNGE, supra. FoRCELET, stronge place (forslet,
H.

FoppE,

siipra, idem.

Fop.bedyn' (or

forfeiidyfi'.

qvod folet. Pro-

p.)

Fortalicium,
(forcer,

municiCis-

pium.

hibeo, inhibeo, veto, interdico.

FooRCERE
tella,

k.

p.")

FoRBEDYNGE
inhibicio.

(or forbode, or foreProhibicio,

teca,

clitella,

scrinium,
(or

fendynge, infra.)

Dicc. forcerium, comm.

FooRCYD,
Erugincitor,

as

mennjs beerdys

FoR-BY a placc, or oper ^jngjs.Per.

FooRBYScHOAVRE.
DICC.

Ccpitonsus. FooRCYD, as wulle. Tonsus.

pollyd, infra.)

Foorcyn',
iit

or

clyppyn'.''

l^on-

FORBYSCHYD.
in luna,

FurbitUS, BRIT. patet ejus versus.

deo.

FooRCYNGE.
et

Tonsura.

" constrayne or ftinde." CATH. ANG. Minot relates

To
tliat

fande, conari, niti,

ceiera uhi to be a-bo\vte warde."

David Bruee
Poems,
viii.

" Said he sulde fonde

To
The word
'

ride tliurgh all Ingland."

p. 39.

is

used Ly Rob. Brunne and Rob. of Gloucestcr in the same sense.

Ang.-Sax.

fandian, teniare. Conowre, MS. See hereafter toxowre of fonel. In Norfolk, according to Forby, the term in ordiuary use is tunnel, Ang.-Sax. tisnel, canisiritm. The word funnel ap" Intusoriuim pears to be derived fromfunduhis, " r^?'.a4i fundle," as Junius observes. esi quoddain rasculuni per quod liquor infuadiiur in aliv.d vas; vel est vas in quo est oleuin quod ponilur in lucernis, a fonell dyshe {al. tonnell dysshe.)" ortus. ^ Junius thinks that this term was borrowed from the Italian forciere, which is rendered by W. Tliomas, in his Italian Grammar, 1548, "a forsette, or a little coafer;"' and by Florio, " a forcet, a coffin, a casket, a cabinet, &c." It may be remarked that the most elegant caskets of tiie Middle Ages, usually of bone or ivory, curiously carved and painted, are, witli few exceptions, of Italian workmanship ; but as Flanders also furuished these and numerous other ornamental appliances, tlie origin of the name forcere may perhaps be sought in the Belg. fortsier, a banded cofter. The importation of " ascune rnanere ware depeinte, forcers, caskettes, &c." was forbidden by stat. 3 Edw. IV. c. 4, A.D. 1463. In William and the Werwolf it is related that the Queen sought by means of a ring to charm the monster.

" Se}>e feiHi of a forcer a fair bok sche raujt, And radde J^er on redli ri^t a long while."

Chaucer says

in

"

La

helle Darne sans Mercie" " Fortune by strength the forcer hath vnshete, Wherein was sperde all my worldly richesse."

v.

65.

Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, says, "Thejoyner made a forcer for my loue, her clieste, her scyrne, vM forcier, sa Itajsel, son escrin. Set your jewellis in your forcier, that they be not stolen." Palsgrave gives " fo(r)sar, or casket, escrain; fo(r)cer, a little cofcr, cofret," and coffrel is rendered by Cotgrave " a casket, cabinet, forset, {sic) &c." ^ This word is taken from the French forces, shears for clipping wool or cloth.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

171

FoRgYGHTE
H.)

(forsy^t,

k. forsyth^,

Previsio previsus.

(or fvTclyd, infra ; forkelyd, p.) Farcatus. Fordon', or dystroyii'.^ Destruo.

FoRCLYD

to kepe yn a boke.^ Forulus, CATH. BHiT. in forus. Foreste. Foresta, iiidafjo, c. f.

Forelle,

Forette, or
Furo,
c. F.

ferette, lytyll

beste.

furetus, vcl furun-

Forderyn', or fortheryn',to
K.)

incres,

culus, c. F.

or a-vautage (fordryn, or forthyn,

For

evyr.

Semper,
ideni

eternaliter,

Promovco, proveho. Forderyn', inspeudynge (forthreu, Expedio, accelero. p.) FoRE, or forowe of a londe. Sulcus, CATH. lira.

perpetue.

Forfendyn',

quod

for-

bedyn', supi-a.^

FoRFENDYNGE,
BEDYNGE.

ide^Tl

quod FOR-

See roquef. Tho stat. 8 Honry VI. c. 20, forbids the Fourcelei-, to clip or shear. fraudulent practice terined forcing wool, reciting the loss in the customs arising from those who " clakkeiit et forceiU les boii.es lains du roialme, pur eux carier dehors dicelle 6)1 estraunges imiis; ordinez est que nulle estrauiif/er iie face forcer clakker ne harder nulle nuiner des lehis, i>ur carier hors du roialiiie,'"' upon pain of forfeiture, with a penalty of double the value, and iraprisoiiment. Stat. of Realni, ii. 256. ' This verb, Ang. -Sax. ior-iloi\, ^yerdere, occurs in the Vision of P. Ploughman.
" Allas
that drynke shal for-do That God deere boughte." line 5284.
!

In the Golden Legend it is said in the Life of Becket, that Henry II. " wolde fordoo Palsgrave says, " What so euer suche lawes as his oldres hadde vsed to-fore hym." he do on the one day, on the raorowe I wyll fordo it, defaire.^^ * Jocelyn de Brakelonda relates in his Chronicle, p. 84, that Abbot Samson examined the relics of St. Edmund in 1198, and when the shrine was closed up, " positus est stiper lociUum forulus quidani sericus, in qico deposita fuit scedula Aiigllce scripta, coiUinens quasikim salutaciuiies Aihoiru Moiiachi,'" with a memorial of the opening of Foruli, according to the shrine, vvhich was subscribed by all who had been present. Papias, are " thecce vel cistce librorum, tahularum, vtl aliarum rerum, ut spatie; dictce, quod de foris tegant;'"' in French, fourreau, or fourel, has the like meaning. Horman
says,

"I hadde

leuer

haue

my boke sowed

in a

forel

(coiisuatur

in

cuculli

itivo-

than bounde in bourdis, and couerede, and clapsed, and garnj'9shed with bolyens." Jennings, in his Observations on the Dialects of the West, states that tlie Palsgrave gives " coueryng for a hodk, chemicover of a book is still termed a forrel. sette''' a term which appears to be synonyraous with foielle, and which has been exIn an Inventory taken at Notre Dame, plained by Charpentier, v. Camisia libri. Paris, in 1492, is mentioned " ung petit viessel, couvert de citir rouye, garni dicne chemiTwo of the mourners, whose figures are seen around the rouge.'"' sette de chevrotin tomb of Richard Beauchamp, at Warwick, hold eaoh a book, wrapped in the forelle, or
lucro)
chemisette; see Stothard's

Monumental

Effigies.

Its fashion

is

more

ciearly exhibited in

a picture at Munich, by Schorel, which has furnished the subject of a plate in Shaw's Dresses and Decorations. ^ This verb is derived from the Ang.-Sax. for, which often gives in composition the " God forlende it!" palsg. sense of privation or deterioration, and fandian, tenture. To forhinder, signifying to prevent, is retained in the East-Anglian dialect, aecordiiig Many othcr words siuiilarly corapouudcd have become wlioUy olisoleto, seto Forby.

172
Forfetyn'.^
quo.

PKOMPTOP.IUM PARVULORUM.
Forcfacioj
01'

delin-

FooRMYNGE,
macio.

or

makynge.

For-

FoRFETYNGE,

forfetoe.

Forc-

faccio, forefactura. FoRFETOWRE. Forefactor.

FooRM^^NGE, or techynge, or informynge (or infounnynge of

techinge,
p.)

Instiixccio in-

FooRGE

of smythys.

Fabiriteria,

formacio.

CATH.fabrica, cath. comm. Fahrefacio. FoRHED. Frons, sincijvit.

FoRMOwRE,
runcina,

or

gmbbynge ynn'
Scrofina,

of

Forgyn'.

gravowi-ys.'*
c. f.

cath.

(Forhelyn,
cowncel,

k.

h. p.
Celo.')

for-hyllyn'

S.2

FoR-HUXGRYD,

ancl

an-hungi-yd.3

Famelicvs. FoRKE. Furca, pala.

parte of a thynge (fore part, p.) Anterior i^ars. FoRXE parte of a schyppe, or forschyppe. Prora. For-sakyn'. Desero, relinquo,
derelinquo, renuo.

FoRXE

For-latyn',
Desolo.

or

leve

desolate.

Forlatyn'.

FORLATE PLACE. FoRME. Forma.

FooRME^longe

Desolatus. AbsoletUS,

Forsakyn', and denyyii'. Abnego. Forsakyn', and refusyii'. AbC. F.

renuncio, refuto, recuso.

stole. Spotida, dicc.

Forsaky-n', orrefusyd. Refutatus. For-sakyn', or lefte. Derelictus.

relictus, diniissus.

FooRME

of an hare, or ojier lyke.

Lustrum, kylw. FooRMYD. Formatus. Foormyn', or niakyii'.

Forsakynge,
futacio,

or refusynge.

Re-

c. F. derelictio,

desercio,

Formo.

dimissus.

veral of whieh are given by Palsgrave, as the following; " To forbreake, Lydgate; to forderke, niake derke to fordewe, sprinkle with dewe; to fordreynt, Lydgate, drowne; to forduU, malve one dull of wyt; to forlye, as a nouryce dothe lier chylde whan she kylleth it in the nyght; to forwaye, go out of tlie waye, Lydgate; to forwei-y, &c." Chaucer, Gower, and the early writers generally, use the verh to forfeit in its primary sense of coinmitting a transgression in French forfaire has the same signification. " Forisfacio, id esi ojfendere vel nocere, to forfeyte.'" ortus. "What have I forfayted against you ?" palsg.
; '

Ang.-Sax.

forlielan, cela.re.

Hardyng

relates tlie

See hyllyn. honours that were falsely paid

to

the remains of Richard IL

" Fro Poumfret brought with great solempnyte, (Men sayde forliungered he was) and lapped in lede, At Poules his masse was done and diryge." Chron. c. 200.
scrohs dicitur scrqfina, quod^' quia herendo scrobeni faciat.'"' " Jtuncina est tiuoddam artiticium fabn liguarii graxde et recu'i~vum, quo cavantur tabule ut una (dlera alterl connectatur; Anglice, a gryppynge yron." ORTUS. Palsgrave gives the term " formowr, or grublyng yron," which appears to signify a gouge. .See GROWPYi^' wythe an yryn, as gravowrys, riutco.
:

The Catholicon

gives the following explanation

dam

instrumenturii carperdarii,

PROJrPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

173
Transitus,

FoRSOTHE. Vere,

utique,

quinimo,

Forthegate.
feccio.

pro-

profecto, siquidem,

Amen.

For-spekyn', or charmyiY.i FasCino, CATH. FoRSTERE, or fostere. Forestarius,

Forthegone. Profectus. Sitibundus, Forthyrst. Aquidium, Fortoppe.

calvaria, cath.
et c. f.

siciens.

cath.'

indagarius,

indago,

vel

FoRSWERERE,
Forsweryn'.

indagator {yiridarius, p.) or hc ])at ys oft Lahro, c. f. forsworoii'.

Perjuro.

FoRTUNE,

or

happe.

Fortuna,

eventus, casus.

Forwarde,
vencio,

or ciimnawnt.3 pactum. or

ConUltra,

FoRSWERYNGE,

Perjurium, jjer-

Forwarde,
ulterius.

more

vttyr.

juracio, objuracio.

FoRswoRNE. Perjurus. FoRTHYNKYNGE of dedc

Penitudo, cath.

Forwhy
doiie.

(forqwhy,

h.)

Qidn
w.)*

(quia, quoniam, p.)

FoR
ug.

the

nonys

(nones,

Forthynkyn'.^
'

Penitet, luo,

Idcirco, exproposito.

" Facina, a forspekere, or a tylstere (td. tylyere). Fo.scino, to forspcke or ouersee." " To forspeke, fasciaare, imantare ; a forspekynge, fascinacio, factnus." MED. GRAMM. Some witche Palsgrave says, " I forspeake a thyng by enchauntementes. CATH. ANG. hath forspoken him, qvelque vaudoyse la encJiante.'" W. Turner, in his Herbal, 1562, " there are sum date trees in whose fruite is a stone bowyng after y<= fasshon of says that an half moon, and thys sum polyshe with a toothe, with a eertayn religion agaynst forspekyng and bewitchyng." The Aiig.-Sax. for-spsec has merely the signification of a prefaee, fore-speca, prolocutor ; by Shakespeare and other writers to forespeak is used with the sense of forbidding. The use of the word in the sense of fascinating or charming arose probably from a superstitious belief, which is not extinct at the present time in Nortli Britain, that certain persons had the power of injuring or bewitching others by immoderate praise. See Jamieson's observations upon this word. ^ Richard Earl of Arundel, having made in Parliament certain complaints against John of Gaunt, which were answered by Richard II., tlie Earl was obliged to make before the House an apology, which was enrolled, wherein he thus expresses himself " Hit forthynketh me, and byseche yowe of your gode Lordship to remyt me your mau-talent." " To rewe, penitere, dbc. ubi to forthynke. A forRot. Parl. III. 314, A.D. 1393. thynkynge, comimnccio, contricio, ^ienitencia.''^ Cath. ang. 3 In the romance of Richard Coer de Lion it is related that Saladin made a treaty with him that for three years pilgriuis should have free aecess to the holy city.
:

" The next day he made forewarde Of trewcs to the Kyng Richard." In Sir Amadace the White Knight makes an agreement

line

7115.

in these terms

" Butte a forwart make I with the, or that thou goe, That euyn to part be- twene vs toe, The godus thou hase wonun and spedde.'" Stanza 42.

See also the Avowynge of King Arther, stanza 35; Cant. Tales, Prologue, 831, 854. Ang.-Sax. fore-weard, pactum. " For y*^ naynste, abinteuto.'''' cath. ang. Various are the conjectures that have See Tyrvvhitfs note on Caiit. been made with regai-d to the derivation of this phrase.
'

174

PRO^IPTORIUM PARA'UL0RU5I.
(forgeter,
p.)

F0R5ETARE

Tm-

FosTERE, supra,
STERE. FooT. Pes. FooT BE FooT. FooTE, mesure.

iclem

quod FOR-

memor, ohlitor. F0R-5ETYLLE, orfretcfnlle (forgetfull, p.)^

F0R3ETYN'.

Ohliviosus {letenus, p.) Obliviscor, necligo.

Foryetyn' lessonys, or other loore and techyngys. Dedisco, cath.

in disco.

FoTYNGE. FoTYNGE, or fimdament.

dcwientum.

Pedetentim. Pedcdis, cath. Peditacio.

Fun-

F0R-5ETYN' or
Ohlitus.

for-^etyii'

(^sic.Y

FoT MANN,
foote.

or he

|)at

goythe ou
c. f.

Pedester, jyedes,

F0R-5ETYNGE. Ohlivio. For-yevyn' ti-esj^ace, or

(forgeuen,
p.)

dette
re-

FooT STAPPE. FooTE STEPPE,

Peda, CATH.

Vestigium.
of a
et

mami
"

only.

Indulgeo,

kylw.

mitto, condono.

FowAYLE
p.)
ca.le.

(or fowaly, p.)^

Fo-

FoR-YEVENESsE (forgyuenessc,
Venia, remissio.

FowAR,
quod
for-

or clensare.*

Mundator,
miinda-

FoRYEVYNGE,

iclem^

emundator, jnirgator,
trix, purificatrix.

YEVENESSE, supra. FooRDE, passage ouer a water (forthe or water passinge, p.)

FowARE,

or clensare of donge, as

gongys,

and

ojjer
c. f.

lyke.

Fi-

Vadum, cath. or FoRTHERYNGE,

mocio.
Tales, T.

marius, ohlitor,

(forthe, or fortheringe, p.)

promocyon Pro-

FowER,

or fewelere, or fyyr

maker

(fovwer, H.)5

Focarius, vel fo-

caria, focularius.

Jainieson's Dict. v. Nanes ; and Sir Frederick Madden's glossaries apand the Werwolf, and Syr Gawayn. In the last he retracts the opinion previously exfiressed, and is disposed to conclude that the original form of the plirase was the Saxon, " for than anes." It implies occasion, purpose, or use ; tlaus Palsgrave gives " for the nonest, de mesmes ; for the nones, a propos, a escient. Cest u)i gallant de mesmes, et de fait apence. This dagger is sharpenned for the nones, affille tout d esciant.'' Horman says, " he fayned or made hymselfe sicke for the nonis, cZtjrfi^a opera. He delayeth the matter for tlie nonys, de irulustria. It is a false mater deuysed for the nonys, Occasionally, as in the following instance, it is used ironically : deditu optra coMjicia.^' " You are a cooke for the nones, wyll you sethe these roches, or you haue scaled them ? vov.s estes iing cuisinier de mesmes,'" &c. palsg. " He is a popte fole, or a starke fole, for the nonys, liomo fatuitate monstrahilis.^'' horm. ' The word fretefulle seems here evidently a corrupt reading, which is corrected by

381

pended

to "William

For letenus should probably be read Itthev.s, " i. ohliciosus.'''' ortus. correct reading, probably, is here either foryetyn, or forjetyn or possibly forgetyn. See the note on the word fayne. ^ See eyldynge, or fowayle. In the Romance of Richard Coer de Lion this word seems to have the niore general sense of provisions, or needful supplies. When Richard arrived at Cologne the heads of the city issued the command,
Pynson.
*

The

" No man selle hem no fowayle." line 1471. See FEYAR, FYiN, and goonge fyrmar. The appellation Fowar occurs as a surnanu' in the Issue RoII of the Exch. 44 Edw. III. " Wilt. Fowar, ftilconcr." * " Focarius, a fuelcrc, or makere of fjro." medulla. See Nares, v. fueler.

PROJIPTORIUM PAUVULORUM.

175

FowYD, or clcnsyd. Mundatus^ pu?-gatus, piirijicatiis, emundatus.

FowyN', or make emundo, purgo,

clene.i

Mundo,

Fownderyn' (fowimdryn, p.)2 FOWNDRYNGE. Fowre, supra {in fowyr.)

imrifico.

FowRE
Emun-

FowYNGE,
FowYR.

or clensynge.

dacio, purgacio, purificacio.

coRNERYD. Quadrangu lus, qua drangu laris FowRE FOLDE. Quadruphis.

FowRE
FowLE, FowLE,

Quatuor. TYMES. Quatcr.

bryd. Avis, volucer.

FOWRE FETYD
P.)

(fotyd,

K.

fotcd,

Quadripes.

of fylthe. sordidus.
on-tliende,

Twpis,

vilis,

FowRE HUNDRYD. Quadringiuti. FowRE square (fowre scware, or

fowre sware, h.) Quadrus. stone. Tessellum, c. F. {peretalum, p.) Fowrthe, or the fowrte. Quartus. Fowretene. Quatuordecim. FowRE TYMES. Quater. (FouRTY, p. Quadraginta.) FowRTY TYMES. Quadragesics. FowRTNYGHT. Quindena. Fox, beeste. Vulpes, cath. FoxYSHE (foxich, K.) Vulpinus. (Fracchyn', supra in cherkyii', as newe cartys frashin, s.y

FowL,

or owte caste

FowRE square

(vnthende, p.) Abjectus. Auceps, avicularius. FowLYiS', or take bp-dys. AuCUJwr, COMM.

FowLARE.

Fowlyn', or
p.)

defowlyii'

(defylen,

Turpo, deturpo, maculo,

FowLYNGE, FowLYNGE,
FoowNE,

coinquino, fedo, polluo. of fylthe.

Detur-

pacio, pollucio, sordidacio. or takynge of byrdys. Aucupium, UG. in aueo.

beeste (fown, k. h.) Ilinnulus, vel innulus, cath.

of a place.

Frayle
lata,

of frute (frayil, k.)

Paet

CATH.

carica,

cath.

FowNDER

Fundator.
ir.

UG. in copos.*

FowNDOWRs.
FowNDRYD,
'

(fowndo^vresse,

foiindresse, p.)

Fundatrix.

Frayyn', idem quod feryn', supra (fraiyn, or afrayn, k.

afrayin, p.)

as horse.

fysshe with

I fowe a gonge, ie cure un retraict, or ortmit. Thou shalte eate no buttered me, tyll thou wasshe thy handes, for thou hast fowed a gongc late." palsg. Forby gives the verb to fie, fey or fay, as still used in Norfolk in this sense. Seo fvin. 2 Palsgrave gives the verb " to fownder as a horse, trebucher.'" Dr. Turner, in his

"

he says that Pyrethruni "

foundered."

Ilerbal, 1562, niakes use of the term in allusion to ailments of the human body, where is excellently good for any parte of the body y' is fundied or

In his treatise of baths and mineral waters, he says that the baths of Baden, in High Germany, " hcate muche membres that are foundre or frctislied wyth cold, and bringe them to theyr naturall heate agayne;" and that the Pepper bath has virtues to rcstore " limbs fretished, foundered and made nurame wyth colde." ^ This word appears to be now only retained in the North Country expression to fratch, signifying to scold or quarrel. It seems to be derived from A.-S. freo&n, /ricare. Compare Jamieson, v. Frate. * The Catholicon gives the following explanation " A jialus dicitur ^^alata, quia fit
:

de palis,

et

palate suat nuosse que de recentihus ficuLus comjn(/i solent, qv.as inter palas

176

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(fraken,
k.

Frakine

frakne, h.
c. f.

Framyd
cadia.

tre.

Assa, ug.
for

et

cath.

freken, p.)^
ticula, c. F.

Lentujo^

len-

Framyn' tymbyr
p.)

howsys (or

Frakny, or fraculde (frekeny,

Lentigi{n)osus,

Fraknyd, idem quod frakxy.

Dolo. liewyn, p.)^ Framynge of tymbyr. Dolatum. Framynge, or affrainynge, or

Frame

of a worke.

Fahrica.

Framyd.
(ul
tlie

Dolatus.

wynnynge.3 mentum.

Lucrurn,

emolu-

solem siccaid ;" and carica properly signifies dates preserved in a similar manner. Romance of Coer de Lion are mentioned, among provision for the army,

In

" Fyggys, raysyns in frayel."

line

1549.

" Frayle for fygges, calas, cahacke." ang. Minsheu would derive the term " a fragiiitate,'' and Skinner from the Italian PALSG. '' Fraiaus, fro.yel; cabas, pame)fracjli; but it more closely resembles the old French In Suffolk, according to Moore, a flexible mat-basket is called a de jonc."' roquef. See Bp. Kennett's and Nares' glossaries. frail. ' Chaucer makes use of this word in his description of the King of Inde.

"A

frayle

of

fygys,

palata."

cath.

" A fewe fraknes

in his face y-sprent,

Betwixen yelwe and blake somdel y-meint."

Knight's Tale.

In the gloss on the Equivoca of Joh. de Garlandia it Is said, " lenticula est quedam macula infacie homiicis, Anglice & spotte or frecon ?e/(ft'cM/o5?, fraconed." " Frecken, Forby observes that the or freccles' in one's face, lentile, hrancl de Judas.'^ palsg. word freckens is still used in Norfolk. A.-S. frsecn, tuv/niudo. 2 Previously to the XVIth cent. the ordinary mode of constructing houses in the Eastern counties, as likewise in other parts of England, was by forming a frame of wood, or skeleton structure, the intervals or panels being afterwards filled up with brickwork, Such lath and plaster, or indurated earth, by the process called in Xorfolk dawbing. constructions are usually termed timbered houses, or, in Shropsliire, Cheshire, and where tliey are found highly ornamented, black and white neio-hbouring counties, Harrison, who wrote his description of England about A.D. 1579, being rehouses. sident in Essex, observes that " the ancient manours and houses of our gentlemen are yet and for the most part of strong timber, in framing whereof our cai-penters haue been and are, worthiUe preferred before those of like science among all other nations. Howbeit, such as be latelie builded are eomonlie either of bricke or hard stone, or both." B. ii. c. 12, Holinshed, Chron. i. 188. It is from this period that a marked change in the costly and ornamental character of domestic architecture iu England is to be dated previously, with the exception of some parts where the abundant supply of stone occasioned a ruore frequent use of such solid materials, houses were ordinarily of framed work. Pal^grave says, " My house is framed all redye (cJiarpente), it wanteth Among the disbursements for building Little Saxham Hall, A.D. but setting up." 1507, by Thomas Lucas, Solicitor General to Henry VII. occur payments "to the joyFor framyng of my great parlour and great nours for framyng of 6 chambres, 25.?. chambre, lOs." Rokevtode"s Hist. Suff. 147. The statute 37 Hen. VIII. c. 6, 1545, recites that certain novel outrages had of late been practised, such as " the seeret burnynge of frames of tymber prepared and made, by the owners therof, redy to be This misdemeanour wns made felony. sett >ip, and editied for houses." ^ Forby gives the verb to frame, as meaning in Norfolk to shape the demeanour to an
:

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

177

Frank,

kepynge
fatte.^

of

foAvlys

to

make

Saginarhwi, Dicc.

Fredam. Libertas. Fre hertyd in yeftys

k. free of giftis. p.)
(febyl, K. febyll or

(in jiftys,

Frankyd. Saginatus. Frankynge. Saginacio. Frankincens. Olibanum, fmncuni incensum, c. f. (thus, p.)

Liberalis.

Freyl, and brokulle, or

Fragilis.

brytylle

brekyll, p.)

Frankeleyne, Libertinus, kylw. Fraunce, londe. Francia (^Gallia, p.)

Freylneesse.

Fragilitas.

Freythe
p.)

of

caryage
freight,

freythe, k.

(freyt, or or cariage,
c. f. et

Fra^tochemul, puddynge (frauncliem, p.)2

Vectura,

nabulum,

Lucanica,

c. f.

UG. trajectio, cath.

k.)

Fraunchyse
Free.
Liber.

(francheyse,

Freyhte,

or feer (freyt, or fer, k.

Libertas, territorium.

freyth, h.)

Timor,pavor, terror.
Refectorium.

Freytowre.

In N. Britain it has tlie signification of succeeding, and is derived by Jamieson from A. S. fremian, valere, prodesse. In the Craven dialect it implies making an attempt. The word frank appears to be derived from the old French. Cotgrave gives " Franc, a franke or stie to feed and fatten hogs in " and Florio renders Sagiiiario, " a franke, or coupe, or penne; a place where beasts or birds are fatned." Ital. Dict. Harrison, in his description of England, speaking of the mode of making brawn, says, " it is made commonlie of the fore part of a tame bore, set vp for the purpose by tlie space of a whole yere or two, especiallie in gentlemen's houses (for tlie husband men and farmers neuer franke them for their owne vse aboue three or foure moneths), in which time he is dieted with otes and peason," &c. B. iii. c. i. Holinsh. Chron. i. 222. This verb is used by Shakespeare, and repeatedly by Holland, in his translation of Pliny. See Nares' Glossary. * Lutaaca, Ms. " A franchemole, lucanica,^^ Cath. ang. The Catholicon observes, " Liuaiiica quoddam genus cihi, et ut dicunt sulsticia, quia primoiii Lucania est facta.^'' It is a term of French derivation; Cotgrave gives " Franchemulle d^n nwuton, a sheepes call or kell," and it seems to have signified a viand much the same as the haggis. Direetions for compounding it will be found in the " Kalendare de Leche Metys," Harl. " Nym eyroun with J^e whyte, and gratid brede, and chepis talow. MS. 279, f. 32. Also grete as dyse nym pepir, safroun, and grynd alle to-gederys, and do in }>e wombe of l>e chepe, J>at is the mawe, and sethe hem wyl, and serue forth." See also the Forme of Cury, p. 95. The following metrical recipe " for fraunche mele " occurs in the " Crafte of Cure," Sloane MS. 1986, f. 85.
'
;

occasion of ceremony.

" Take swongene eyrene in bassyne clene,

And kreme of mylke J>at is so schene, And myyd bred J^ou put l^er to, And powder of peper }>ou more do.
Coloure hyt with safrone in hast, And kremelyd sewet of schepe on And fylle J^y bagge J>at is so gode,
last;

And sew hyt fast, sir, for J>o rode. Whenne hyt is soJ>un |>ou schalt hyt leche, And broyle hyt on gredel as I the teche.''
CAMD. SOC.

2 A

]7S
Frei.v.
Lihere, gridis.

PROMPTOPJUM rAnVULORUM.

FRENscHYPrE

(freucliepe,

h.)

Fremaxn. Liher, lihera. Fremaxx, uiade of bonde (mauuuiisyd,

hertus,

Amicicia, amicahilitas. Frere (fiyer', p.) Frater.

K.)

Manumissus,

coli-

Frees, idem quod freyl, supra

(fres, or
freel, k.

manuviissa, coliherta, c. F. lihertus, cath. Fremyd, or stravsnge (freud, or strauge, k. fremmed, h. v.y Extraneus, alienns, externns, UG. v.

or brokyl, or

broyyl, h. broyle, p.)^

Freend. Aniicus, amica. Freexdfulle. Amicabilis. Freendly. Amicabilite^: Frenesse of hert, or lyberalyte.
Liberalitas.

Fresche. Recens, friscus. Fresche, ioly aud galauut (fresslie and gay, p.)^ Bedimitus, cath. Freschly, aud uewly. Recenter,
noviter.

Freschly, or
Fuesyn',

iolyly, and gayly. Gavdiose, friscose, redimite.

froste.

Gelat,

c. f.

Frenesy,
mania.

sekeuesse.
(freutyk.

Frenesis,
k.)

Fresynge, or
cath.

froste.

Geliditas,

Frenetyke

Fre-

neticus, maniatus. Fp.exge, or lyoure. Tenia, glossd Merarii (orarium, k.)

Freste, or to frest jn byynge or borowyuge (fi*est, or frestynge,

K.)

Mutuum.
or

Frestyn',

leude

to

freste

'

Fremyde

is

a word used by most of the older writers.

" Sal neuer freik on fold, fremmyt nor freynde, Gar me lurk for ane luke lawit nor lerd." Golagros and Gawane, 1079.

" Mony klyf he ouer clambe in contrayej straunge, Fer floten fro his frendej fremedly he rydes.'"

Gawayn and G.
occurs in Rob. of Glouc. and Chaucer and alien, as to kindred.
It
;

Knyjt, 714.

and

signifies

both strange, as regards country,

" Whether he be fremd, or of his blod, The child, he seyd, is trewe and gode."

Amis and Amiloun, 1999.

"Those ehildren

frembde men's fires are, for the most part, more harde and strong then they be which are daintily brought up in their owne fathers " Fremmyd, exlems, houses." Precious Pearle, translated by Coyerdale, A.D. 1560. " Exter, the last, fremexiernus. To make fremmyd, eztermiixire.''' cath. ang. " Estrange, separated from, growne fremme or out of niede, or strange." medulla. knowledge, and acquaintanee. Estrangier, a stranger, alien, outlander, a fremme bodie, that is neither a dweller yyith, nor of kinne ynto us.'' COTG. Ang.-Sax. fremed,
that are nursed by
alienus.
2 Compare brokdol, or frees, where possibly the correct reading should be brokyl and SPERE, or fres. ^ Chaucer and Gower use the word fresh in the sense of handsome, or ornamented Horman says, " the buyldynge is more fresshe than profitable, majoris osteniationis est ^uam vsus. Our cliurche hatli a sharpe steple with a fresshe top, cum oi-nato fastigio.^' So likewise Palsgrave giyes " fresshe, gorgyouse. gay, or well heien&,frisqv.e, gaillari."
; ;

PROMPTORIU>I PARVULORUM.
(frestyn, or leendyn, h.)i Presto, comodo, accomodo, mutuo. Fretvn', or chervyii' (choniyn, H.) Torqueo, oath. Fretyn', or weiyn', as metalle be

179
clothe.

Fryse, or fiysyd
villatus.

Pannus

Fryse

clothe.

Villo.

(Frysed, as

clothe, p.)

Villatus.)

Frysynge
gana

of clothe.

Villatura.

niste (or knawyn,

p.)

h.

gnawen,

Frytoavre, cake.

Lagana.

(Lasarta-

Corrodo, demollio.
))e

Fretynge. Corrosio. Fretynge, payne yn'

Torcio.

sunt latd panes gine plagd, k.)

wombe.

Fro a-bowyn'
from aboue,
sursum.

(fro
p.)

abovyn, k. Desuper, de-

Fryyd. Frixus, confrixus. Fryke, or craske, or yn grete

Crassus. Frykenesse. Crassitudo. Fryyn' yn a j^ann'. Friijo, frixo,
helthe.
C. F.

(Fro be-nethy'N,
nethe,
p.

k, h.

from beEininus,

Leorsutn.)
(fro
far, p.)

Fro fere
de longe. Frogge, or
(frok,

fi"oke,

munkys abyte
J.

Fryynge.

FiHxatura^ cath. Fryynge pann. Sartago, frixorium, cath. Frysare, or he fat fiysythe clothe.
Villator.

monkes

clothinge,

w.)
p.

Flocus, in Jure, libro vj. (Froke, nionkes habyte, Cuculla, frogge, H.)

k.

cidla,

' Ray gives aniong liis N. Country words " to frist, to trust for a time." A.S. fyrstan, Janiieson explains it as signifying in the priraai-y sense to delay, or indncias facere. postpone, and thence to give on credit, to grant delay as to payment. Germ. fristen, " To friste, indnciare." cath. ang. prorogare temims agendi. ^ " A froke, ciccullus.''^ cath. a.\g. There is much ambiguity in the use of the term froccus, the monastic frock, which occasionally appears to have been confounded with tiie distinct garment. cucuUu, although properly At the General Council at Vienna, 1312, Clement V. defined the ruculla to be a long, full, and sleeveless garment the jiocais, They considered identical with froccus, to be a long haliit, with long and wide sleeves. are evidently distinguished by Ingulph, who states among the ordinances of Egelric, " Induit omni anno totum conventum cum secta sna Abbot of Croyhmd trom 975 to 992. de tunicis, omni altem anno de cucuUAs, et oiuni tertio anno de froccis."' Rerum Angl. Tlie distinction appears likewise to be made by M. Paris, where he speaks Script. i. 54. of the unbecoming changes in monastic attire, introduced at St. Alban's during the time of Abbot Wulnoth, towards the close of the Xth eent. So also in the enunieration of garments allowed by custom to each nionk of Glastonbury, at the latter part of the Xlth ceiit. it is stated, " tinusquisrjue fratrtim ij cticullas, et ijfroccos, et ij siaviina, et ij feinorulia habere debet, ei iv caligas, et peliciam novam per singulos annos.'''' (1. de Malmsb. de Antiqu. Glast. Hearne, ed. Domerliam, i. 119. At an early period the eowl appears to have been portion of a sleeveless garment which sometimes was a mere cape, but occasionally reached quite to the heels, and was worn over the long, full, and sleeved liabit termed a frock. See the illustrative plates in Muratori. Script. Ital. i. part 2. Chron. Vulturnense Mabill. Ann. Bened. i. 121. At a subsequent time it seems that these garments ceased to be distinet, and the long dress of the monk, having the cowl atiaohed Furtlier informatinn to it, was termed indifferently/)Ofrs,//W(, and /^ofCJts, or cuculla. on this snbjcct wiil be fouiid iii Ducange.
.-'.

180

PROJIPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
tode.

Frogge, or frugge,

Bufo.

froske, or frosche,

h.

s.

p.

or

Frohens
Frohexs
H. fro

forewarde.

Amodo, de-

frogge, w.)3

Rana.

inceps, actemis, decetero.

(frohethyii, k. fro heyin,

Frost.
p.)

Gelu.

hepne,

s.

fro

heym,

Hi)ic, dehinc (abhinc, k.)

Frothe. Spuma, cath. spumula, KYLW. (Frowarde, s. p.) Contixiriiis,

p)erversus, protervus.

Fro ny

(or fro nere, k. p.)

Co-

minus.

Frowardnesse.

Pei^versitas,

Front, idem quod forhed, snpra. Froyd custummere J)at byythe of

a-nother, as ^eme byers (froth custumnare,]jatbyyj3off a-noder, as ^arne byars, s.)i

con trarietas, protervitas. Fro wythe "i"N''. Abinter, deintus.

Fro wythe owte

K.)

(fro wit owtyn, Abextra. Frownar. Fruncator, cath. in

7iario,

Froyse.2
sus.

Frixura, cath.

Ver-

rugator, of a cuppe.* Frontinella

Frixa
assata
or

nocent,

elixa ju-

Frownce

vant,
c. F.

coartant.
(frosh,

Hec
k.

(^frigium, p.)

Frownyn'.
frosche

Froke,
'

Frunco, suhsamno, sanno.

cath.

in

word has in vain been sought. The practice of exportation was carried to a great extent in Norfolk, and It was highly injurious to the interests of the cloth-workers, and occasioned loss to the revenue. Many enactments appear in the statutes to protect both the weavers of Norfolk, and the customs, against the crafty proceedings of merchants, See particularly stat. both strangers and denizens, " regrators and gatherers of woll." Perhaps 23 Hen. VI. c. 2; 7 Edw. IV. c. 3; 4 Hen, VII. c. 11 ; 33 Hen. VIII. c. 16. froyd may imply the artful diligence with which covetous traders persisted in eluding the Jamieson explains " frody " statutes, and robbing the staple manufacturers of Norfolk. Teut. vroed, indvMriiis, altentus ad reni. In the North, according as signifying cunning to Brockett, froating means anxious unremitting industry. pancake is called in the Eastern counties a froyse, a term derived, as Skinner conjectures, either from frixare, or the French froisser, because the substances of which Forby gives, as a Norfolk proverb, the following it is compounded are beaten up together. phrase : " If it won't pudding, it will froize;" if it won't do for one purpose, it will for another. See ancient reeipes in the Forme of Cury, p. 96 ; and the " Kalendare de Leche Metys. Froyse out of Lentyn." Harl. MS. 299, f. 36. " Froyse of egges, dovte " Fritilla, a Vonlte d'aiifs is the ancient appellation of an omelet. tZV-iyi." PALSG. froyse or pancake." elyot. ^ The distinction small frog, aceording to Forby, is called in Norfolk a fresher. which appears to be here made between frogge, tode, and froke, or frosche, is possibly dialectical; they seem properly, however, to be synonymous, the former derived from A.S. frogga, rava, while the latter assimilates more nearly to the Germ. frosch, Dan. " Puxua, a froske, or frogge." frosk, a frog, Toode, fowle wyrme, occurs hereafter. In the Golden Legend, OKTLS. " froske, agredala, rana,r%iheta,raniila.^'' cath. ang. in the Life of St. Peter, is a relation of the deceit practised upon Nero by his physicians, when he ordered them, " Make ye me w' chylde, and after to be delyuered, y' I may know what payne my moder suffred which by craft they gaue to hyni a yonge frosshe to drynke, and it grewe in his bely." This terni appears to signify the kind of ornament which in modern goldsmith^s
patisfactory

interpretation of this
for

buying up woollen yarn other parts of England.

'

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

181

FrownyS' wythe the

CATH.

nose.

Nasio,

Fruce, or frute. Frxictus. 'Frutuose, or fulle of frute (fructuowse, K.)

Fructuosiis, uber.

Frownynge.

Fnmcacio, cath. subsamno, rvgacio. Frownt, or fnmt of a chiirche, or o))er howsys. Frontispicium, C. F. CATH.

Frumpylle. Ruga, rugula. Frumplyd. Rugatus, rugulatus. Fruntelle of an awtere.i Frontellus.

work is called gadrooned, from the French " goderonne, a faahion of imbossement used by goldsmiths, and termed knurling." COTG. Eronce implies a wrinkle, crumple, or " Froungather, generally in allusion to dress, as in the Vi^of Piers Ploughman, 8657. syng, froncement.'''' palsg. Frnntinella is not explained by Duc. and in the Ortus is rendered " the pyt in the necke " it seems, therefore, to mean a wrinkled or irregular depression of aurface. Possibly the correct reading may be froncinella. Fronciatus, i. rugatv.s, Duc. " A fruntalle,/j-o?i<aZe." cath. ang. The frontal of an altar is defined by Lyndwood to be " apparatus pendens in fronte altaris, qui apparatus alias dicitur Palla." Provinc. 252. The synod of Exeter, A.D. 1287, ordained that in every church the Abp. parishioners should provide "frontellum ad quodlihet altare.'''' Wilkins, ii. 139. Winchelsey, in his Constitutions, A.D. 1305, prescribes that provision be made of '^ fronThe frontal must not be tale ad magnum nltare, ciim tribus tuellis." Lyndw. 252. confounded with the permanent decoration of the fore part of the altar, properly termed tabida or tablementum, which was formed either of sculptured or painted work, and sometimes of the most precious metals, chased, enamelled, and set with gems, as was that in Winchester cathedral, described in the Inventory given by Strype, Life of Abp. Parker, App. 187. The frontal was formed of the most costly stufTs, and often, if not properly by prescribed usage, was of the same suit or colour as the vestments used at the same time in the service of the altar. As there were both the tabula frontalis and superfroiUalis, which last seems to have been identical with the retro-tabula or postUibida, so likewise there were the panuus frontalis and superfrontalis, the second being in both cases the decoration placed above the altar, and attaclied or appended to the wall or screen against which it was placed. The inventory of sacred ornaments in the Wardrobe Book of 29 Edw. I. A.D. 1300, enumerates " Duo frontalia broudata, majora et minora, de und secta," p. 350 identical, probably, in purpose with those termed frontella _ ij pro altare, unum videlicet superius, et aliud inferius pro eodem," which were purchased bv John de Ombresley, Abbot of Evesham, from the executors In Pat. of Will. de Lynne, Bishop of Worcester, who died in 1373. Harl. MS. 3763. Among various gifts to 3 Hen. VI. these ornaments are again differently termed. churches in France delivered by the executora of Henry V. it appears that they sent to St. Denis " unxim altam frontellam, et nnam bassam frontellam de velvet, rtdieas, cum In the Inventory of the gifts of Abp. Chicheley foliis aureis brouderatas."'' Rym. x. 346. to AU Souls' CoUege, A.D. 1437, there appears to be a distinction between tlie terms frontale and frontetlum, as it enumerates, araong many others, " j frontale et suffroatale
; ' ;
'''

de blodio velvet oj^eratum

velvet

cum

stellis,
;

patibulo,

et

cum

foliis quercinis aureis

vj frontys, et

vj suffrontys

salutatione ; j frontellum de blodio unius sectce, steynid, pro

The precise difference is not altaribvs" &c. Gutch, Coll. Cur. ii. 262. apparent ; but each secta, or totus apparatus for an altar, comprised, according to this document, the "frontale, suffronlale, frontellum, ij cuHinw, j des-cloth, j teca,'''' or Ducange possibly frontelium may be only a diminutive of the other term. corporas case gives the term " refrontale, apparatus altaris,'''' the same, probably, as the pannus superfrontalis ; as likewise the tabula svpirafronlatis was, as has been observed, termed
secundis
:

also retro-tabzda.

182
(Frute,
p.

PROMPTORIUM PARVTTLORTJM.
Ffuctiis,

svpra

in

FRUCE.) Frutyn', or bryuge

Fructifico.

FuLNEssE of sownde. FuLNEssE or plente

Sonoritas.
(fulsunesse,

for])e

fnite.

K. H. p.) Habundancia, copia. (FuLsuNESSE of mcte, k. p. Sacietas.)

FuL.

Plemis,

7'epletus.

FuL of wynde. Ventosus. FuLLE of wordys. Verbosus.

Fullare.
Fidlo.

FuLE
fule

of gokle,

quod

dicitur gold-

Fumeter, herbe. Fumus terre. (FuMRELL of an hows, k. p. supra in FOMERELL. Fumarixim.) FuNDAMENT, OT growude of a
byggy(ii)ge

(goldfoyl,

k.)

Bi-cdeiM,

(byggyn,

k.

be-

vel bratea, in plur.

Fulfylln',
repleo.

cath. or fyllyii'. Impleo,

gynnynge,

h. p.)

FuNDAMENT, or FuNDELYNGE, as hc
yii',

Fundamentum. growude. Fundus.

Fulfyllyn', or make a-cethe iii tliynge ])at wantythe (makyn a-set for ]>yngys ]jat wantun, s.)
Supleo.

])at ys fowndand noman wote ho ys hys Inventifadm-, ne hys modyr.

cius, inventicia, aborigo, UG.

FuNKE,
Sacio,

or lytylle fyyr.^ Ignicidus,

Fulfylle wythe mete.

saturo.

foculus.

Fulle

clothe.

FuUo, cath.

FuLLYNGE. Fullatura. Fulmare, best (fuhuard, h. v.y Pecoides, mcc. fetontus, petor. Fulnesse. Replecio, implecio. Fulnesse of mete (or fulsunesse,
infra.)

Baptisterium, FuNT, or fant. fons baptismalis. FuRBYscHOWRE, idcm quod forbyschour, supra. (FuRCLYD, supra in forclyd, h.
furcled, sxipra in forcled, r.)

Furgon' (furgont,
fyre
forke,
p.)^

k.

furgun, or

Sacietas, saturacio.

Eotabulum,

" A iulmtvA, fdoncrus.'"' cath. ang. The poleeat is eommonly called in the North ' a foumart. See Jamieson, Brockett, &e. The Acts of James II. King of Scots, A.D. 1424, regulate the export of " fowmartis skinnis, callit fithowis." The foumart appears, however, to be distinct from the fitchew in the Boke of St. Alban's, among " bestys of the chace of tlie stynkynge fewte," are named " the fuhiiarde, the fyches, &c. and the pulcatte." Harrison, speaking of indigenous animals, and tlie hunting of foxes and badgers, observes, " I might here intreat largelie of other vermine, as the poleat, the miniuer, the weasell, stote, fulmart, squirrill, fitchew, and such like." Descr. of Eng. B. iii. c. 4. Isaac Walton mentions " the titchet, the fulimart, the polecat," &c. Compl. Angler, i. c. 1. See hereafter polkat (pulkat, MS.) idern quod fulmere. ^ Forby gives funk as signifying touchwood. The word may be derived from Germ. funk, Dan. funke, sciiitilla. R. Bi-unne uses the phrase " not worth a fonk," seeming to imply a brief existence, evanescent as a spark In another Langt. Chron. p. 171. passage he relates that King John vowed vengeanee upon Stephen Langton, and the monks who had chosen him Archbishop, against the royal pleasure.
: ;

" Be beten

alle fonkes, or in prison l^am

binde."

p.

211.

Gower
i

describes the

amorous Perithous and Ipotasie

Conf.

as

having drunk
lib. vi.

" Of

lust that ilke firie fonke."

Am.

" Furgono for an ouyn, 2wv/drei."

palsg.

Cotgrave gives " Fvurgon, an oven-

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
UG.
in ruo,

183
furringe, uicc. furratura,

vertihidum,

cath.

fni-wur, H. furrour, or
p.)

arpagio.

Vide alia in

fyre

Penula,

FORKE.

CATH.
(furryd, k.)

Furrode
Furryn'

Furratus.

wythe furre. Fiirro, penulo, KYLW. FuRRYNGE. Furratura (pellicatura, K.)

(or fusteyn, h. p.) Furesticus, uicc. FuTE, odowre.i Odor, vel odos,
olfactus.

FusTYAN, clothe

FuRLONGE. FuRMENTY,
cium.

Stadium.
potage.

Fnimenti-

Gabbar

(or lyare, infra.y Mendaculus, mendacula, mendax.

walle.^
wall, or

FuRNEYS.
FuRST, or

Furnus, fornax, cath.

fyrst.

Gabyl, or gable, pykyd

fornacula, kylw.

Munis

conalis (gabyll

Primus.

FuRST begoton'. Primogenitus. FuRSTE frute, or fruce. Primicie. FuRWRE, or furrure (furre, k.
forke, tearnied
in

pyke wall, murustenalis, p.) Gabbyn'. Menticulor, mencior.

Gabbynge, or lesynge (lye, p.)* Mendacium, mendaciolum, cath.

Lincolnshire a fruggin," &c. This word is still in use in the North. fruggan. " frugon, veriibvlwm, pala,f%irca/errea." cath. ang. The fute is the scent of a fox or beast of chace. Compare fewte, vesligmm, which occurs previously. In Will. and Werwolf, when the monster returns to his den and discovers that the shepherd has carried the child away, he is sore grieved,

See Broekett,
'

v.

"

And as j^e best in his bale i^er a-boute wente, He found J^e feute al fresh wliere forjj j^e herde Had bore i^an barn beter it to jeme.
Wi^tly
t>e

werwolf

J>an

went

bi nose,
p. 4.

Evene
See also pp.
2,

to J>e

herdes house, and hastely was J^are."

79; Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt, 1425; the Boke of St. Alban's, and Malory's Morte d'Arthur, B. 18, c. xxi. It seems probable that the term feuterer

may be hence
;

derived but the Glossarists have supposed it to be a corruption of vaultrier, a keeper of the dog called in French " vav.ltre, a mongrel between a hound and a of wild bears and boars." cotgr. maistiffe fit for the chase Bp. Kennett notices the term in his glossarial coll. Lansd. MS. 1033 feuterer, a dog-keeper the word is corrupted from vautrier, Fr. vaultrier, Lat. veltrarius, one that leads a lime-hound, or grey-hound for the chaee.'" In a vocabularly written in the latter part of the XVth cent. Harl. MS. 1002, f. 142, after " " haywarde, parcare," &c. occurs " Federarius, a fewterer." Nares cites several passages in which this term is used. ^ Sir John Maundevile, speaking of false diamonds, says, " I schal speke a litille more of the dyamandes, alle thoughe I tarye my matere for a tyme, to the ende that thei that knowen hem not be not disceyved be gabberes (Fr. barraiours) that gon be the contree,
;
:

"A

that sellen hem.'' 3 " gavelle of a ho-wae, frontispicium." cath. ang. Rob. of Glouc. uses the See Bp. Kennett's Glossary, v. Gahulum. gable in the sense of high.

word

that

In Wickliffe's Confession given by Knyghton, he declared respecting the real presence, " before the fende fader of lesyngus was lowside, was never this gabbyng contryvede." Decem Script. col. 2650. Ang.-Sax. gabbunj, derisio, or delusiun by way of mockery
*

and

jesting.

184

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Gagelyn', CUngo.
or

Gad,

01- gode (gadde or qhyp, h. Gemsa, kylw. whTppe, p.)

cryyn'

as

gees.

scutica, c. F.

Gagelynge
ders.

of geese, or of gan(dracticiis, p.)

]jrote.

Gad,
01-

mete wythe londe (gadde, rodde, p.) Decempeda, cath.

to
k.

Drancitns

Gaggyn', or streyne be the

Suffoco.

pertica, c. f.

(Gaderyd,
Gaderyn'.
svs.

Congregatus.) VerColUgo, lego.

legit

Gay. Oi^natus. Gayler, or iaylere.

Gaolarius,

Fur
iter.

es,Jiores virgo,

carcerarius, cath. py-etor.

viator

Gaderyn'
cath.

tresowre.
to-gediu'.

Thesaurizo,
CoUeccio,

Galache, or galoche, vndyr solynge of mannys fote (galegge,

galoch, s, vndirshone, k. vnderschoyinge, h.)^ Crepitum, crepita, c. f. ohstringiUus, cath. or

Gaderyxge

congregacio.

'

Sunt

ohstringilli qui

per plantas consuti sunt,

sort

trahuntnr." cath,
latehets,

The galache was a

et ex supenon parte corngid conof patten fastened to the foot by cross

and worn by men

as early as the time of

Edw.

III.

Allusion

is

made

to

it

by

Chaucer,

" Ne were worthy

to

unbocle his galoche."

Squire's Tale, 10,869.

In the inventory of the effects of Henry V. taken A.D. T423, mention occurs of "jpeir de galages joifz d'estreyn, icd. ; " but it is not easy to understand how straw should be See Rot. Parl. iv. 329. In Sir John Howard's a proper material for the purpose. Household Book, A.D. 1465, p. 314, are named both galaches and pynsons, which See Household Expenses in England. last are in the Promptorium e.xplained to be socks. This kind of shoe was occasionally an article of luxury and ostentatious display, which probably suggested the allusion that occurs in the Vision of Piers Ploughman, where one is described as coming eagerly, as if to be dubbed a knight,

" To geten hym gilte spores, Or galoches y-couped." line 12,099.

the extravagant fashion of the long-peaked toe : reign of Edward IV. a statute was passed, by which the higher classes alone were permitted to wear shoes, " ga/oges,''' or boots, with a peak longer than 2 inches (Rot. Parl. v. 505, 566; Stat. of Realm, ii. 415); but, from certain allusions in ancient romance, it would seem that the fashion was, by the usage of a much earlier period, permitted to none under the degree of a knight. See Sir Degore, 700; Torrent of Portugal, 1193, &c. The curious drawings in Cott. MS. Julius, E. iv. (t. Hen. VI.), one of wliich, representing King John, has been given in Shaw's Dresses, exhibit the galache in its most extravagant form. Solea, a shoe called a galage or " GaUozza, paten, whicbe hatlie nothynge on the fete, but onely lachettes.''' elvot. a kind of wooden patins, startops, gallages, or stilts. Cospi, wooden pattins, or pan" Galoche, a tofles, shoes with wooden soles, startops or galages,'' &e. florio. woodden shoe or patten made all of a peece, without any latchet or ty of leather, and worne by the poore clowne in winter." cotg. See Spenser, Sheph. Cal. Febr. and Sept. In the Wardrobe Book of Prince Henry, A.D. 160", are mentioned " 1 pair of golossians, Qs. 16 gold buckles v^ith pendants and toungs to buckle a pair of golosses," Archaeol. xi. 93.
tlie
^'^

Tbe term " y-couped " seems to imply " Milleus, a coppid shoo." ORTfS. In

PEOMPTOniUM PAUVULORUM.
Galaavte.1 Lessivus. Galle of a beeste. Fel,

185
Lagena, galo,

Galone, mesure.
bilis,

cath.

DICC.

Galle

of appulle, or o|ier frute

Galwe tuees
phir.
vel

oke appyll, p.) Galla. Galle, soore yn mann' or beeste. Stimmus, marista, c. f.
(galle,

furca,
gylte)

(galowe, p.) Furce, (jahfurcium,

KYLW.

Galte
Game,

(or
pley.

swyne.

Ne-

Galeye, schyppe. Galea. Galvn, as crowys or i*okys.2 Crocito, KYLW. crosco. (Galyngale, idem quod ganynGALE, infra.)

frendus, cath.

Ludus,jocus.

Gamme

of songe.

Gamma.

Gallyd

(gally, s.)

Strumosus.

Gallyn, or make gallyd. Strumo. Gallynge. Strumositas. (Galloche, supra in galache.

Callopedium, p.)
'

Ganynge, or 3anynge.3 Oscitatus, kylw. Gandyr, byrde or fowl. Ancer. Ganykgale, or galyngale, spyce.^'
Galanga.

Ganneker

(ganokyr,

s.)5

Ga-

nearia, u.g. in capio, ganeo, ug.

Tliis word occurs in the Harl. MS. alone, and possibly the correct reading may he GALAWNTE. " Gallaunt, a nian fresshe iii appareyle." palsg. Ang.-Sax. jal, libldinu.fusi^ For lessivus should probably be read lascivus,i. e. " petulans, hixuriaiis, vel superbe se agens, ioly or wanton." ortus. * By Chaucer the nightingale is said to " cry and gale," Court of Love, 1357; in which sense the word niay be derived from the Ang.-Sax. galan, canere. Jamiesoii gives to gale, or gail, to cry with a harsh note, a term applied to the cuckoo and to galyie, to roar or brawl. According to Forhy, to yawl signifies, in Norfolk, to scream harshly, as the cry of a peacock and Moore gives yalen, to cry as a fretful child. ^' Japjier, to bark or baye like a dog, to yiwle, to bawle. Iloua.Ue.r, to yawl, wawl, to cry out aloud. MoYianer, to mawle, yawle, or cry like a little child." cotg. Ang.-Sax.
; ;

gyllan, giellan, siridere.

" To ga.ne,fatiscere, h{are,inhiscere. To gayne, o.s-citore." cath. ang. "I gane, or I yane, ie baille. He ganeth as he had not slepte yiioughe." palsg. Ang.-Sax. Janung, oscilatio. In the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth the verb to galp occurs, " Par trop veiller hom hail/e, galpej>." See also the Vis. of P. Ploughm. 8,214; Cant. Tales, 10,664, Horman renders " he that galpeth, oscitans." 16,984. * Among the .pices used in ancient cookery, the powder of galingale is frequently named, as may be seen in the P^orme of Cury. It was tlie chief ingredient in galentine, vvhich, as Pegge supposes, derived thence its name. It was also employed in medicine, as a cardiac and cephalic. In the version of Macer''^ Treatise on Splces, MS. in the possession of Hugh W. Diamond, Esq. it is stated that " Clalyngale resoluej) \>e fleume of i>e stomak; hit helpil' J^e deiestione; it doj amende ^o .sauour and odour of \>e mouthe if it be eten." Ho further attributes to it virtues of a carminativo and aphrodisiac nature. It occurs among spices mentioned in the Household Roll of the Countess of Leicester, A.D. 1265 "2)ro vj lib. Galingalium, ix. s." (Manners and Expenses of Englaiid, p. 14.) Chaucer niakes allusion to its culinary use, Cant. Tales, 383. The annual provision of spices for the household of tlie Earl of Northumberland, A.D. 1512, comprised " GaAccordiiig to Paikinson, the real galingalc vvas the root of a Ivngga, j quarteron." Chinese plant, of vvhich he gives a representation but it appeais that the root of tho rush called English galingale, i.')j))erus loiujus, Linn. was much used in place of it, both as a drug and a condiment. * Ganeo is explained by Ducange to signify " (/ulostis, looijiaator, labernio;^'' in
^

gape,

CAMD. SOC.

2 B

186

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Gaarcy'd. Scarificatus, inscissus. Gaarcyn'.3 Scarifico, c. F. UG. v,
et

Gante, byrde.'

Gap

Bistarda, o. f. Intervallum, of a walle. intercapedo, ug. in valeo, et cath. capedo, c. f. GaPYN'. Hio, OScitO, UG.

KYLW.
Scarificacio, inscisio.

Garcy^nge. Garde\'ne.

Ortus.

Gapynge,

Hiatiis, hiacio.

Garbage
infra.)
teria, c.

of

fowls (or gysenic, Entera, necc, vel cnf. vel exta, necc. c. f.

Gardenere. Ortolanns. (Gardere, infra in gartere.)

Garfangy'l, or
elgei*.*

Anguil-

laria, anguillare.

profectum, UG. v,

Gage, lytylle belle(lytyll boUe, s.y necc. Scarijicacio, Gaarce.

sesura, c, f. inscisio, scissura.

Garfysche Gargulye,
gona,

(or hornkeke, infra.y

yn'

c. f.

Gora walle.^ gurgulio {gargulio,

French, " ganeon; ivrogne, debauclii.^' roqdef. The Proclamation of the Mayor of Norwich on coniing into office, set forth " that all Brewsters and Gannokers selle a gallon ale, of the best, be measure a-selyd, for Id. oh. and a galon of the next for lcZ." A.D. 1424. Blomf. ii. 100. ' The bird now called gannet, or Solan goose, sula alba, abounds only on the Bass In the Exch. Roll of Normandy, A.D. 1180, p. 57, an Isiand, in the Firth of Forth. ^^ que venerunt de Anylid, et jjro l:c. de illis ducendis 'p'>''^ 1'"^^^''^'' go.ntanini entrv occurs ad Argentorimm, et Ix. ad Burum,vi li. iij so.et ixd." Giraldus mentions the gante " Aucce minores albw {qua et gaMtes diczintur) et gregatim in among the birds of Ireland; midtitudine magna, et gamda venire solent, in hos terrarum fines rarius adveniunt, et Ang -Sax. ganot, fulica. tunc valde rare.'' Top. Hib. i. c. 18. ^ The reading of the Winchcster MS. is probably here correct, In Norfolk a gage is, bowl or tub to receive the cream, as it is successively skimmed off according to Forby, a so called, as he observes, from its use as a gauge, to show when a sufficient quantity has been collected to be churned. The word does not occur in the other MSS. * In a treatise of the seasons, printed with Arnold's Chron. p. 172, it is recommended that in winter " men sliulde lete them bloode in ther bodys by garsinge, but not on veynes, but if it be the more nede ;" meaning the operation of eupping, ealled in the Promptorium boysto.n'. "Togarse, scurificare.'''' cath. ang. ^' Casura, a cut, a garse, an incision.'" elyot. * The term angylle, to take wythe fysche, meaning afishing rod, has occurred already, '' Contus, an algere, a shaft, a as also ELTER, or elger, which appears to be an eel-spear, med. jis. cant. The Fuscina, a hoke for fysshe, an algere." dartt, a polloure, word garfaxgyl seems wholly obsolete possibly the first syllable may be traced to Ang.-Sax. jar, jaculum, cr tho implement may be a kind of spear used in taking the
;

GARFYSCHE. * Sir T. Brown, in his account of the fishes of the Norfolk coast, mentions the garHarrison mentions it among fish usually taken fish, or greenback {Esox helone, Linn.) " Of the long sort are congers, eeles, garefish, and such otlier of that forme.'" Descr. Trompette, the needle-fish, garre-fish, horne-beake, of England, Holinsh. Chron. i. 224,
;
'

AiguiUe, a horne-backe, piper-fish, or gane-fish. EsguiUe, Orphie, the horne-keeke, a small fish called a horne-beake, snaeot-fish, gane-fish. The appellation is doubtless taken from its peculiar piper-fish, garre-fish." COTG. Jamieson states that at Dundee the porpoise is callcd Ang.-Sax, gar, jaculum.. tV>rm
horne-fish, or piper-fish.
;

gairfisb.
fi

Will.

of

Worc. uses the term gargyle

Itin.

p.

232.

This appellation of the

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Garytte, hey solere.' Specula, c. F. pergamium, uo. tn gamio.
I

187
of

Garlekke, Garlonde. Garmente.

mentum.

Allium. Sertum.

Indumentum,

vesti-

grete valure (or ^iutatorium, cath. Garment of clotlic, made of dyuers clothys (colours. p.) Fanucia,c.F. Garnysche of vesselle (garniche,

Garjient

robe, r.)

K.y

Garnitum.

quaintly-fashioned water-spouts in tlie forms of men or monsters with yawning niouths, of which mcdieval architecture presents so endless a variety, is taken from the French. " Gargyle in a wall, f/arffoitle." palsg. See also Roquefort, v. Gargoile. Horraan says, " Make me a trusse standing out upon gargellys, that I may se about iiodium, S2tffgestum, vel pidpitum, quod mutulis iiiiiitalur. I vvyll haue gargyllis under the beamys heedis Elyot renders "fruinen,, the vppermoste parte of the mululos, sive piroceres, tfcc." throte, the gargyll." remarkable application of the gargoyle in architecture occurs on the south side of Notre Dame, at Paris all the piscinas of the apsidal chapels surrounding the choir of that side being furnished with external gargoyles, which are fashioned like the upper parts of a lion, or dragon, and answer the purpose of the ordinary interior drains, which served to allow the water used in ablutions at the altar to pass into tho earth. Their date is of the Xlllth cent. and nothing of a similar kind has been noticed
:
:

in this country.

tery,

In the Creed of Piers Ploughman is a curious and graphic description of a monaswith its numerous and stately buildings,

" With gaye

And

garites and grete, line 425. iche hole y-glased."

GARYTTE was, in the original sense of the term, a watch tower, or look-out, on the roof In the version of Vegecius, of a house, or castle wall, called garita, in French guerite. Roy. MS. 18 A. xii. it is said of the defence of a canip, and keeping watch by niglit, " it is nat possible algate to haue highe garettes, or toures, or high places for watche men, Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, therfor it nedethe to haue out watche." B. iii. c. 8. says " of thinges that ben vsed after the hous, hit behoueth to the chambres, loftes, and garettis, soliiers, greuiers." Cotgrave explains garitte, or guerite, to be a place of refuge

1'rom surprise, made in a rampart a sentry, or watch-tower and '^ tourel a cui de lampe a. sm&W out-juttyng garret, or tower like a garret, on the top ofawalle." See SOLERE hereafter. ^ A garnish signified commonly the set or service of pewter, and likewise, in more Prcviously to the introduction of tictile stately establishments, of more precious material. ware of an ornamental description in the latter part of the XVIth cent. the ordiiiary service of the tabies of our aneestors was on vessels of pewter, the silver plate being for tlie most part reserved to decorate the cupboard, or buffet. Harrison, in his description of Eng. written about 1580, speaking of the great skill to which English pewterers liad attained, says, " Such furniture of household of this mettall, as we commonlie call by the name of vessell, is sold usuallie by the garnish, whieh dooth conteine 12 platters, 12 dishes, 12 saucers, and those are either of siluer fashion, or else with brode or narrow brinis, and bought by the pound, which is now valued at six or seuen pence, or peraduenture at In some places beyond the sea a garnish of good tlat English pewter of an eight pence. is esteemed ahuost so pretious as the like nuniber of vessels tbat ordinarie making, are made of fine siluer, and in nianer no less desired, aniongst the great estates, whose
;
;

workmen are nothing so skillful in that trade as ours." Holirsh. Cliron. i. 237. In tlie inventory of the college of Bishop Auckland, A.D. 1498, the silvor jilato having been described, there are enumcrated " xx pewder platers, xij pcwder dishes, viij salsers, Wills and Inv. Surt. Soc. i, 101. j garnishe of vessell."

188

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Garnitxis.
vesselle.

Garxtpchyd. Garnyschyn'
garniso,
Ivke.

Garnio,

Gate, or wey. Gate, or 5ate

foris, fores,

Via,

iter.

(yate, p.)

Porta,
p.)

j^olio.

cath (janua,

Garnyschyn
Garsone,

pursys,

and

o])er

Gate downe. Gate downe,

sunne, or Occasus.

Descensus. or downe gate of pe

stroiige place (gaiyzone, or garzone, strong holde, H, gaiTSon, or garson, p.) Mu-

any

ojjer

planete.^

Gate
c. F.

schadylle

(gateshodel,

nicipinm., c. f.

K. h. gate shodil, p.)

Compitum,

Gartere,

or gardere.

Suhligar,
(ohligo, k.)

clinium, cg. in clino.

)Ti-to

c. F. pelliper.,

cath.
(garvryndyl,
or

Gate schadyl,

twey weyys.
iij.

Garteryx'.

Suhlirjo

Garwyxdylle

Bivium. Gate schadyl, yn-to

Trivium.

weyys.

^arnwyndyl, s. garwyngyll, F.y Girgillus, cath. Gaspyn'. Exalo, Jiisco, c. f. Gaspynge, idem quocl gapynge,
supra.

Gate schadyl,
vium.

yn-to

iiij.

weyys

(or a cai-phax, h. p.)3

Quadri-

Gawde,

or iape.'*

Nuga.

gyms diciiur gyrgillus, instrtimentum, fem.ineum, quod alio nomine dicitur volutorinm, quia vertendo ingyrum inde fila devolvuntur, Filum de colo ducitur infusum, ; a fuso in alahrum, 'oel traductorium ; ab alahro in gyrgillum vel devolutorium ; a gyrgillo in glomi" Chirgillum, Anglice a haspe, or a payre of yerne wyndle blades." cellum.'''' CATH. " Yarne 'yndell, ORTUS. garwyndolle, devohitorium girgillus.'''' cath. ang. " To;v<t'<?e, a riee, or yarwingle to wind yarne on. tornttte.^'' palsg. Travo'tdl, a, rice or a turningreele." cotg. See jarne wtndel. Palsgrave gives " At tlie sonne gate downe, sur le soleil couchant." ^ " gateschadylle, hivium, diversiclivium com^ntum.'''' cath. ang. From the Ang.Sax. seeadan, se^ja j-are, is derived the obsolete verb to shed ; " i)iscrmi?io, to shedde " To shede one's heed, parte the heares euyn and departe." med. ms. cant. from the crowne to the myddes of the foreheed." palsg. Chaucer says of the Clerk Absolon, " Full straight and euyn lay his jolly shode." Miller's Tale.
'

"A

'^

Hence also seems to be taken the term gjite schadtlle, the division of a road into two or more directions. It appears to be wholly obsolete, and unnoticed by the Glossarists.
See Carfax (cartehouse, MS.) above, p. 62. * In the Romance of the Seuyn Sages, the Emperor had given ear to the false accusation brought against Florentine by his step-mother but the truth was at length made
;

known.

A Dame, said the Emperowre, Thou haues ben a fals gilowTe, For thi gaudes, and thy gilry, line 3957. I gif this dome that thou sal dy." Mr. Weber has printed the word here gande, to which he gives the sense of a wile or mischievous design. Minot, in his poem on the Battle of Halidon Hill, says, " The Scottes gaudes might nothing gain." Chaueer uses the word in the signilication of a trick, or joke. See Pardonere's Tale,
"
I

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

189
sannce,
k.

Gawdy
Gavel

grene, Suhviridis. of corne.i Gehima, manipulatum, c, f. manipulare,

flesche

(gawnsely,

CATH. merges, kylw.

Apgavcely, s. gawnly, p.)^ lauda, KYLW. Maciolentus, Gawnt, or lene.

{inacer, p.)

Gavelyn'
KYLAV.

conie,

or

oper

lyke.

Manipulo,

cath.

mergito,

Gawnte,
K.)-*

or swonge (or slendyr,

Gracilis.

Gawgyn'
CATH.

depnesse.
of

Dimentior,

Geawnt.
Geffrey,
fridus.

Gigas.

propyr

name,

Gal-

Gawgynge

depenesse.

Di-

mencionatus.

Geyne,

Gawl, fowayle (gavl, or gawyl, wode or fowayl, h. p.)2 Mirtus,

CATH.

redy, or rythge forthe Directus. (ry^ht forth, s.)^ Geynebyyn', or byyii' a-jene.^

Bedimo.
sauce
(f)or

Gawncely,

gose

Geynecowpyn',

or

chasyn',

or

12,323, and Troil. B. ii. Itr^mplies also an ornament or toy of little value. Sherwood gives " a gaude, babiole,'''' which Cotgrave renders " a trifle, whimwham, guigaw, or small toy for a child to play withal," See Jamieson, and Nares, v. Gaud. To gavel signifies in Norfolk, aecording to Forby, to collect mown corn into heaps, in " laveler, to swathe or gavell corn ; to make it into aheaves, order to its being loaded. or gavels." cotg. Moore gives the word likewise as used in Suftblk. The Mi/nca fjale Linn. sweet gale, or bog myrtle, grows in bogg^y places in many parts of England, and before drainage had been carried to any extent in the fenny Eastern counties, it was probably found in sufticient abundance to be commonly used as fuel. Gerarde says that the Myrius Brahaiiticus, gaule, sweet willow, or Dutch myrtle, grows plentifully in sundry places, as in the Isle of Ely, and the fenny phices thereabouts " whereof there-is such store in that countrey, that they make fagots of it, and sheaues, which they call Gaule sheaues, to burn and heat their ovens." Ile mentions also that it was used to give an intoxicating quality to beer or ale, as it is still
'
'^

employed in Sweden. ^ " Gaunselle, applauda.'''' cath. AiNG. The composition of this sauce is thus given and \Varner's Cookery, 65. in Arund. MS. Sii printed in Household Ordin. 441 " Gaunsell for gese. Take fioure, and tempur hit with gode cowe mylke, and make hit thynne, and colour hit with saffron and take garlek, and stamp hit, and do thereto, and boyle hit, and sew hit forthe." Caxton says, in the Book of Travellers, " Nycholas the mustard maker hath good vynegre, good gauselyn, (jausaUUede.'''' The term is evidently The Ortus explains " applauda derived from "^a;Mt! frat/, a clove of garlick." cotg. This Latiii word vel apphuki, dicitur sorbitiuncula x paleis/acta, (a gaunselle,'" med.) properly means chaff of corn, or husks, but here is taken in reference to the yausses, or
; ;
;

husk-Iike covering of the garlic. Forby Ray mentions gant, slim or slender, among South and East country words. and Moore says that gant signifies scanty in Suffolk. gives ganty-gutted, lean and lanky Ang.-Sax. gewant, part, of the verb ^ewanian, tabescere. See swonge hereafter. * In the Eastern counties gain signifies handy, convenient or desirable, and in the North near, as " the gainest road," which seems most nearly to resemble the sense here given to the word. See Brockett, Jamieson, and Hartshorne's Glossary. ^ In the later Wicliffite version Exod. vi. 6 is thus reudered " y am |^e lord J^at

190

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOETJM.

stoppyn' in gate (gejnstoppyn

of gate, K.
01-

n.

geyne

charyn,

s )'

cowpyn, Sisto, cath.

(General, k. s. p.) Gen{er)alis. Gentvl. Generosus. Gentyl, of awncetrye (of answare, s.)2

Castrator. Geldep.e of beestys. Geldvn'. Castro, testiculo, cath.

Ingenmis,

c. f.

Geldvnge

emasculo, cath. of beestys, or fowlys.

Castracio.
or gelde horse (gelt

Geldvnge,

Canterius, cath. horse, k. p.) canterinus, UG. in cavo, et c. f.

vel equus castratus.

GENTVL,and curteyse. Co?/'s. cath. Gentylmann. Generosus. Gentilwoman. Generosa. Gentvl, be fadyr and modyr. Ingenuus, ug. v. in N. Gentry. Generositas. Gentry, of norture and manners
(gentihies, k. gentyll, p.)

Co-

Hic caute attendat

videlicet

lector varia-

mitas.

ciones soni hujus litere G.

cum

Gentrv,

of awncetrye (gentihies,

E. vel
gelly.

I.

sequitur im-

K. gentry of awncetiye, p.)

genuitcis.

Inp.)

inediata.

Gelle, or

Gelidurn, c. f.

(^conrjelidum, p.)

GERFxi.1^UN (gerfawkyn, Herodius.

k.

Gellvn, or
k.)

cougelljTi' (to-gedyr,

Germawnder,
dra.

herbc.

Gei^nan-

Gelat, congclat.
(or congellyd, k.)

Gellvd
Gelows,
cath.

Coa-

Germyyne, propyr name.

7nanus.

Ger-

gellatns.

or

geluce.

ZeJotipus,
k.)

Gernere, howse
Granarium.

of corne kepynge.

Gelusye (gelowsye,
tijna,

Zelo-

Gerthe,

hors

gyrdylle

(hors

CATH.
Castratus.

Gelt.

Gelt

MAyif.

Gemetrve. Gencvane,
ciana.

Spado, eunuchus. Geometria. Genor baldmouy.

gyrdynge, H.p.) CinguJa, cath. cingulus est hominum, ug. Gessare (or a soposare, k.) Estimator.

Gessvn', or amyii.
hitror, opinor.

Estimo,

ar-

Gendvr.
Gendryn'.

Genus. Genero, gigno.

GessytvGE (or wenyn, k.)

macio.

Esti-

scbal lede out 50U of J^e prisoun of Egipeians, and y schal delyuere fro seruage, and y schal a-^en bie in an hij arm ;" in the earlier, " forbigge in an ouerpassynge arme;'" " redimam iii braiicliic e.rcelso." Vulg. In the Golden Legend it is said, " have grete Compare a-gayx-byer, nede of a doctour. or techer, or ayenbyer, or a delyuerer," &c.

We

or a raumsomere, and byyn' a-jeu'. Ray gives among South and East country Compare charyn, or geynecowpyn'. words, " to gaincope, to go cross a field the nearest way to meet with something." In the Promptorium it signifies opposition, in botb instances from Ang.->Sax. gean, obviam,
'

adversus, and ceapian, ncgotiari. ^ Gentyl, or awncetrye, ms. of auucetry, k.

p.

So

also,

gentry, or awncctrye, ms.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

191

Nota

in

sonum,

hoc capitulo multiplicem soni mutacioncvi et

Gestynge, or romawncynge. Gesticulatus, rythmicatus.

hujus litere G. et ideo bene caveas quod sonat per I. literam. Gest, strawngere. Ilospes.

Gestowre. Gesticulator. Get, or gyn' (gett, or gyle,

gettc, or gyty, s.)

k.

Machina.

Geeste,

or

romawnce.

Gestio
Gestio,

Get, or maner of custome.^

dus, consuetudo.

Mofor

(gestus, CATH. p.)

Gestyn' yn romawnce.^
CATH.
'

Geete, or blake bedys (gett

bedys, k.
s. p.)'^

Gagates, ^ilur.

It would hence appear that the recital of ge3ts, the deeds of couflict or gallantry, which was the proper business of the gestour, was accompanied by appropriate aetion, " Geslire, i. gestus facere, scilicet diversis modis agiiare, gaudere, or gesticulation. luxuriari, d-c." catii. Hearne stated erroneously that gests were opposed to romance, Chron. Langt. pref. p. 37 a mistake which Warton has properly corrected. Chaucer uses " to geste," to relate gests; and " to tell in gests;" Cant. T. 17,354, 13,861; and these passages apparently imply that gests were chiefly written in alliterative verse. He ealls the Gesta Romanorum, "the Romain gestes.''' See Tyrwhitfs notes on Cant. T. 17,354, 13,775, and Warton^s Eng. Poetry. " Gest, a tale. Gestyng,
;

bourde, bourde.'''' palsg. 2 Palsgrave gives " gette, a custome; newe iette, guise nouvelle.'^ This phrase occurs often in the old writers. In a poera on the dissolute lives of the clergy, in thc reign of Edw. II. Polit.^ongs, ed. Wright, p. 329, some, it is said, " Adihteth him a gay wenche of the newe jet." line 118.

" Yit a poynte of the new gett to telle wille I not blyn, Of prankyd gownes, and shulders up set, mos and flokkes sewyd wyth in." Towneley Myst. 312.

Chaucer says the gay pardoner thought he rode " al of the nowe get," or fashion and he also uses the word in the sense of ciafty contrivance, where he relates the deceit practised by the Alchemist, by means of a stiek filled with silver filings. " And with his stikke above the crosselet, That vvas ordained with that false get, Chan. Yem. T. 16,745. He stirreth the coles."
;

' It appears that in former times great virtues were attributed to jet. Alex. Neccham, Abbot of Cirencester, who died A.D. 1217, says in his work De Rerum Natura, " Gagates applicata detinet, atque aqud ardet, olco restiagidtur: attritu calefactus succinuvi : ydropicis illum portaiitihus heneftcivm jn-estat.'" lib. ii. c. 97, Roy. MS. 12 G. XI. f. 53. The observation of the electric properties of this mineral led him in the succeeding chapter to make some detailed remarks " de vi attractiva,'''' among which will be found a notice of the use of the magnet by mariners. In Trevisa^s version of " Gette hyght gagates, and Barth. de propr. rerum, are the following observations is a boystous stone, and neuer the less it is precious." It is best and most abundant in Britain, of two kinds, yellow and black, both of which have by friction the power of It drives away adders, relieves fantasies, and has virtues attracting light substances. " And so if so boystus a stone dothe so greato against the visits of fiends by night. wonders, none shuld be dispisid for foule colour without, while the vertu that is hid It was also regarded as a test of virginity, and within is vnknowe.'" lib. xvi. c. 49. rendering signal aid in parturition tbese, and other propcrtics, are noticed in Caxton's " Boke callid Caton," sign. e, viij. Even in the XVIth cent. it was valued for certain. medicinal qualities; for l)r. Turner, Dean of Wells, says in his Herbal, 1562, " Miscel
.
.

192

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
of

Getare
sitor.

goodys.

Adqui-

(Getyn, or begetyn,
Gettyn'.3

Gettare.i

Gestnlator, gestuosus (gesticulator, k. h. p.)

k. p. Genero?) Verno, lassivo, gesticulo, c. F. gestio, cath. c. f. gesticulor, VG. \.

Getee

of a solere (gete, k. h. p.)^ Techa, jjrocer, c. f. meniana, c. F. vel menianum, cath. {hectlieca, K. theca, cath. p.) Getyn', or haue be prayere. Impetro.

Getynge,
nynge.

or

hanynge by wynLucrum, adquisicio.

iolyte.

Gettynge in

Gestus, cath.

Getyn

or wynnyii'.

Lucror, oh-

Gettyngly. Gestuose, cath. (Giawant, supra in gea^vnt, k.) Gybbe, horse.4 Mandicus, kylav. c. F. mandicum, ug. in et

tineo, c. f. vel optineo, c. f.

mando {manducus,

s.)

burde lyme melteth a swelled milt, if it be sodden, and layd to wyth a gete stone, or the Beads, used for the repetitiou of prayers, were frequently formed of this Asiane stone.'' material thus among the gifts of Philip le Hardi to his daughter, on her marriage with Bohemia, A.D. 1393, occurs. ^' Ifeni, j paleraoi^lres de perles et de jayet, the King of ou il y a xxxvj grosses perles, et ix easelgiuiidx eVor.''' Hist. de Bourg. iii. Alianor Duchess of Gloucester bequeaths A.D. 1399, " un pare de paternostres ^''ore, conf'' xxx aviez, et Royal Wills. iiij gaudes de get, qe fuerent a mon seignov.r et mari." See also Testam. Ebor. i. 381. There is evidence that by some persons sueh beads were superstitiously regarded as gifted with extraordinary virtue; and to this belief 13p. Bale appears to make
;

allusion,

Kynge

Jolian, p. 39.

" Holy water and bredde shall dryve awaye the devyll Blessynges with blacke bedes \v7ll helpe in every evyll."
lettar, a facer, facer, hraggarl, Palsgrave gives " Gettar, a braggar, /rin^KereaJt. nyght season, hngveur;" and Cotgrave, " Fringuereau, a ietter, spruce minion, gay fellow, compt youth." Compare hereafter schakere, or gettare lascivus. ^ This terin denotes the singular projection of the solars or upper stories in old timbered houses, of which most picturesque specimens are still seen at Chester, and other towns. " Proceres dicuatur capita trahium que eminent extra jyarieies. Hecteca dicitur solaThe Catholicon explains meniamom rium dependens parietibzts ceiiacidi.'''' ortus. named from Menianus, who made in the Forum to be the same as solarium, so " .J/e;i('H, buildings outcertain convenient places for beholding public spectacles. ward in prospectes and galeries. especially wlien they be so bnilded that the edifice iuttetb out in length from the piller or other part' of the house, wherin the building especially resteth; buildings of pleasure hanging and iutting out." cooper. Horman says that " buyldynge chargydde with iotyes {mceniana (fditicia) is parellous whan it is very olde." In Macbeth, act I. sc. vi. Shakespeare makes use of the term "jutty" Florio, in his in this sense, where Banquo commends the position of Macbeth's castle. Ital. Dict. 1.598, gives " Barhacane, an outnooke, or corner standing out of a house, a jettie. Sporto, a porch, bay-window, or out-butting, or jettie of a house, that jetties out farther than anie other part of the housi^-." Cotgrave renders " snrpendue, a. iettie, an outiutting roome. Sovj^cndv.e, soirpente, a pent-house, iuttie, or part of a building Steevens cites an agreement made by P. Hensthat iuttieth or leaneth ouer the rest." lowe for building a tlieatre in 1599, with " a juttey forwards in eyther of the two upper
'

lettar of

stories
^

''

See Ief.tyn, horeafter.

^ Festus and Papias state that certain monstrous images that were e.xhibited in the ganies of the circus, or on the stage, were termed by the Romans manduci. Cooper

rROMPTOIUUM PAUVULORUM.
(GvRr.E, infra in knorre yn a beestjs backe or breste.)i

193

Gyylde,
p.)^

or

newe

ale

(gile,

k.

gyyl, H. gylc of

nw

ale, s. gyle,

Gybelet, idem quod garbage.

Gybelet
UG. V.

of fowlys.

Profectum,

Gyylde.

Celium, vel celia, c. v. Gilda, fruternitas.

Gylde

halle,

dome

howse.

Gybet. Patibulum, calafurcium. Gybonn, or Gylberde, propyr

nanie (Gybbon', or Gylbert,
Gilbertus.
s.)

Pretorium, cath.

Gyldyn' wythe

golde.

Deauro.

Gyldynge
racio.

Avythe

golde.

Deau-

Gyde, or
trix.

ledare.

Ductor,

duc-

Gybelot

(gyglot, s.)2

Ridax.

Duco. Gyyn', or ledyn'. Gyyn', or wyssyn' (dressyn, wysshen, p.)^ Dirigo.

s.

gives " Ma)iduces, images carried in pageantes with great cheekes, wide mouthes, and The Ortus renJers " Maiu/icus, a gaye great noyse with their iawes." horse ; " and Forby gives the following explanation of tiie term : " Jibby-liorse, a showman's horse decorated with particoloiired trappings, plumes, streamers, Scc.i It

making a

In the MS. tlie word onandicum is is sometimes transferred to a human subject." placed uiider gybelet ; but its proper place is here. See Uguc. Vocab. Arund. MS. 508, f. 141, b. " Gihhe, a bunch or swelling, This word seems to be taken from the Lat. ijlhlus. a hulch, anything that stands poking out." cotg. Conipare gygelo(t) in the next page. Tlie words are retained as found in the MS, and tlie reading seems liere to be an error, wliieh is corrected by tlie Winch. MS. ^ Forby gives " gyle, wort. Ang.-Sax. Sylla, stridcre, or Teut. ghijl, crcmor cere'
^

Ray has gail or guile-fat among North Country words, and it is given also by In 1 341, Thomas Brockett and .Tamieson. gWe-iixiiQ, acromellanwii.'''' cath. ang. Harpham, of Yoik, bequeatlis " Mjwtm C2inam, qiue vocatur ma.s]ie-ia,i, ct ij 2)arV'is cmias qnce vocantur gyle-fatts." Testam. Ebor. ii. 2. The term occurs repeatedly in the Wills and Invent. printed by the Surtees Soc. and in the Invent. of Jane H;dl, Durliam. 1567, a distinction is apparent between the *' gile howse," and the brew-lioiise, the former being perhaps the chamber where the wort was set to cool. See vol. i. 270. In the accounts of the building of Little Saxham Hidl, 1507, it is callcd the ' yele-house." Rokewode's Suff. 146. See Invent. of Sir John Fastolfe"s effects, 145it, Archajol. xxi. 277 Unton Invent. pp. 3, 13 ; and Hartsliorne^s Shropshire Glos.sary, v. Illfit. * In medieval Latin guiare signifies to lead or con^luct in safety, to iiistruct, " (juasi viare," according to Ducange. In the Wardr. Book of 28 Kdw. I. there is a paymeiit " 'pro vadiis unius Lodmanui conducti ^jro navi guiaiidd inler Kircudhrith et Karlaverok.'''' Roquefort gives " guier : mener, guider, conduire a la gticrre, <joup. 273 Chaucer uses tlie verb to gie, Cant. T. 15,604, 15,627. Gower says of verner," &c. the education of Alexander by Aristotle,
visii.'"

"A

" But yet he set an examplayre, His body so to guye and rule, That he ne passe mot the rule."

Conf.

Am.

lib. vii.

See also the Vis. of P, Ploughm. 1257. R. Brunne uses both tlie verb, and the noun " gyour," a lcader and in the Romance of K. Alis. 602.'!. " divers gyours, and sump' teris " are mentioned as attending on his Eastern expedition. Commiuo, io lede, or to gye." MED. Palsgrave gives the verb, " I gye, or gyde, Lydgate." CAMD. SOC. 2 C
;

194
Gyyn', or
rewlyii'.

PROMPTORIUM PARVtJLOm-M.
Rego.

(Gyllofyr, clowe,
pholus.^

k.

p.

Garic-

Gyle, or deceyte. Fravs, decepcio. Gylle, fowle clotlie (fulclothe,

H.

Gylte wythe
siipra
^

gohle.
ieleni

Deauratus.
quocl galte,

v.y Melota, velmelotes, cath.

lytylle

Gylte, swyne,

Gylle,

pot.

Gilla,

vel

gillns, vel

gilhmgnlvs.

Hec ha-

Gylte, or trespace
faute, P.)

hentur in vitis patrvm. Gylle of a fysche. Brancliia.

senecia, cath.

Gylty

(gylt, or deCulpa, reatus. (or defawty, k. fanty, p.)

lievs, conscins,

culpandvs (cnl-

Gyllyx', or gylle fysche.

entero, c. f. et ug. in stateo.

Ex-

pahilis, p.)

Gyllyn(}e of fysche.
racio.

Exente-

Gyltles. Immnnis, inculpcmdus {inculpahilis, p.)

Gymelot.
netrale,

Penetrcd,

ug.

v. p)^~

Gygelo(t), wenche (gygelot, wynch, s.)2 Agagula. Gyllofre, herbe. Gariophilus

(galiofolvs, s.)
'

Gymowe, K. gymew,
gemella.

cath. of a sperynge (gymmew,

s. H.)-*

Vert{i)nella,

The exjdanation of the word Atelotes given in the Catholieon will be found in the note on the word barnyskyn, whieh seems to signify a eoarse apron. - Forby derives the East-Anglian appellation gig, a trifling, flighty fellow, from Ang. Sax. gegas, iivgoc. In the North giglet still signifies a laughing girl ; the word occurs " the Northern Mother's l)lessing," in adnionition to her daughter, in

" Go not to the wrastling, ne shoting the cock, As it were a strumpet or a giglot."
'
' Q(o mafiis fetosa mulier maffis luxvriosa, y* fayrare woman y^ more gyglott." De Reg. Gramm. Sloane MS. 1210, f. 13i. See Junius, v. Giglet. Corapare gybelot above, a word oceurring in tlie Harl. MS. alone, and probably an erroneous reading. ^ " .\. gilte, sucUa." Cath. ang. A gilt, or gaut, signifies in the North a female
;

pig that has been spayed see Grose, Brockett, and Jamieson. Bp. Kennett, in his coU. gives " galts and gilts, boar-pigs and sow-pigs, Bor. froni olJ Dan. gallte. Sax. gilte, svilla.'''' See Yoiksh. Uial. p. 39. Any female swine is called a gilt in Staff. Lansd. MS. 1033. See Hartshorne's Shropshire Glossary. * This word is still used in Norfolk, precisely in the sene that it has here. Forby givcs " Gimmers, small hinges, as those of a hox or cabinet, or even of the parlour door." sperynge here denotes that by which a place is elosed up, as a door or window, tlie lid of a chest, &c. The derivation of the word is doubtless from the Fiench, rjemeaux, twins; and tlie term applies properly not only to a hinge, composed of two portions, of exactly similar form and size, jointed together, but to anything else wliich is forraed of twin pieces of like dimension, united in any manner, either as a liinge or otherwise. In the version of Yegecius attributed to Trevisa, an expedient is " Sonini hathe described, to be used in a besieged fortress, against the battering ram an iien, made as it were a peire tonges, i-iemewde as tonges in the myddes," by which the liead of the ram is seized, and turned aside. B. iv. c. 23. Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. Among the disbursements for building Little Saxham Hall, A.D. 1507, under smith's work are mentioned " iij pair of jemews for almerys,'''' or cupboards, as many for portal (loois, and a pair for the buttery windows. Rokewode's History of Sufl'. pp. 146, 149. Ray, among N. Country words, gives " Jimmers, jointed hinges, in other parts called wing-liingcs " and thc term occurs in the Craven dialect, with the observation, that
glossarial
porcv-S.

PROMPTOllIUM PARVULOnUM.
(Gyn', idem quod get, supra.y Gyngelyn' in sowiKlyuye. ReSOJIO,

19',

Gyrdyn'.
laturi,

Cingo, succingo, catm. ubi sic habetur ; accingimur bel-

DICC. of gay harneys^ or

Gyngelynge
Gyngere. Gypcyere
H. p.)2

precingimur ituri, succingimur min istratmn.

et

Besonancia. ofer thyngys. Zinziber, cath. (gypsere, k. gypcer,

Cassidile.

Gyrdynge.
Gyse.

Succinctio.

Form((, modus.
(of fowles, p.) idcm

Gyserne

quod
k.

Gyrdylle. Zona, cingulum, cath.

succentorium.

garbage, supra. Gyserne, wepene

vepne,
h.)'^

(wepone, Gesa, cath.

" being often formed like the letter H, they are called H. jimmers." In the Ortus the term denotes a pair of forceps, " Vertinella est forceps inedici, a sclyce, or a gemowe ; " and it frequently occurs as the name of a kind of ring forined of two inteilinked portions, which could be united into one connected ring. and frequently used as a token of betrothal. See Nares, Brand's Popular Ant. and ArehiEol. xiv. 7. Palsgrave lias " Gymewe of a gyrdell, o-of/i,rt iVune troussure. Gymell &ong jumeau ; aiid Higgins, in his edition of Huloefs Dict. gives " Gimow (or gemoll) a little rynge to weare on the fynger. Gimmow (or gemoll) or rynge to hange at one's eare, as the Egyptians have, Stalognium, iitauri.i. Gimmow of a door, Vertibulum, cardo ; le gond d'uii huis." " QuiiiquaiUerie, all kinds of small yron vvorke, as padlockes, snutfers, gimmers, or liindges for doors, &c, AUianres, gimmoules, or gimmoule rings. Souvenance, a ring witli many hoops, whereof a man lets one hang down when he would be put in mind of a thing. Verge, a plain hoope, or gimmall, ring. Memhre d'es2}eron, the ginnnew or " Gemmew ring, souvenance.'''' sherw. " AhiuUus purus ioynt of a spurre." cotg. an hoope ring, a gimmall, a plaine ring without a stone." Juniu?*s Nomeiichitor, by Fleming. A gin signifies, according to the old writers, a cunning or deccitful device. and thence an ingeniously constructed machine of any kind. Chaucer uses the word in both senses; thus the crafty trick of the Alcliemist, whicli is termed " a false get," as has been observed in the note on the word get, is called also " a false gin." In the Squire's T. it is related that the magical steed of brass would bear its rider at pleasure,
''''

'

" And turne again with writhing of a pin He that it wrought, he coude many a gin."
In the Golden Legend, the wiles of Satan are termed " gynnes of temptacyon," Life of St. Bernard. In the Romance of Coer de Lion warHke machines are termed gins as " Troclea, they are continually in Trevisa's version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. the gyn whyche is called a erane." elyot. See Hartshorne's Shropshire Glos.sary. " Exostra, a vice or gin of wood, wherewitli such tliings as are done within, out of sight, are showed to the beholders by the turning about of wheeles." Junius"s Nomenelator, by Fleming. This word is a corruption of the French " Gihbeciere, a pouch, bag, poake, builo-et," COTG. properly such as was used in hawking, tScc. but commonly woru by the merehant, or Chaucer says of tlie Frankelein, or country gentleman, with any seeular attire.
; '^

"

An

Hing

anelace and gipsere all of silke at his girdlo, white as morow milke."

In the Invent. of valuables, the property of Henry V. A.D. 142-3, is enumerated "J gipcer de noier velvet, garniz d'or, pns 66. 8c^." Rot. Parl. iv. 215. " Gesa, gysserne." Ruy. MS. 17 C XYII. ^ gesarne, (?(!." cath. ang. Oesa

"A

96

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Trahes, trahe1

Gyyste, balke.i
cula, COMM.

Gyterke.2
qninterna.

Samha,

citolla,

Dicc.

H, according to the Catholicon, '^ (/emis armoriim qnod Gullice dicitvr gisarma, a fjero, In tlie curious vel cesa, a cadendo: et sunt gtse vel cese Gallorum, pila Romanorum.^^ Dictionary of John de Garlandia, printed in the Collection of documents relating to Frencli history, Paris, 1837, there is an enumeration of weapons and engines of war, used at the siege of Toulouse, in 1218 the writer says that he saw " secures, hipeH/ies, cathagesa GalHcorum, catheias et 'fugiones, cum dolouibus, avelancias Angliconnn {adelaThe MS. at Rouen gives the following reading, cias, al. MS.) ^ji^a Romanoruni, <tc.'" But, although the gisarme seems in these pas?ages ".fecMJTi- Dachvs,jesa GaUicortm." to be appropiiated as a (Taulish weapon, Wace, in the Roman de Rou, written about 1160, repeatedly describes the English in Harold's army as armed with sharp gisarmes and hatchets, whereas their opponents fought with long lances and swords. See lin. It may be observed, however, that on the Bayeux tapestry 12,908, 12,928, 13,437. the Saxons are represented as eombating with the lieavy axe, but no vveapon appeara which resembles the gisarme. In the Royal mandate, 36 Hen. III. 1252, printed by Wats at tlie end of his edition of M. Paris, the sherifTs are commanded to assemble all persoiis from tbe uge of 15 to 60, and cause them "^io-ttre ci a?'t," accortling to the those who were rated under 40 shillings land, aniount of their lands and chattels or from 40 shillings to 10 marks ch&ttels, " jurati sunt ad fa.lces, gisarvms, cultellos et From tliis document, and the stat. Wint. 13 Edw. I. c. 6, 1285, alia arina minvta.'' it is apparent that the gisarme was one of the weapons in ordinary use aniong the inferior curious description of the ranks of tlie English army. Sec Stat. of Realm, i. 97. conflict of the King of Nineveh, armed with " gysarme and sweord botlie," occurs in Ritsoii's Metr. Rom. ; See also Havelok, 2553 the Homance of Kyng AHs. line ^Su^. Tlie gi^arme was used in England as late as the battle of Cliaucer, R. of Rose, 5978. Meyrick, namely, the glaive Flodden, 1513; it was of two kinds, according to Sir S. tlie distinctive mark of the weapon being a spike rising at gisarme, and tlie bill gisarme the back, as may be seen in Grose's Armour, pl. 28, and Skelton's Illustr. of the Armoury at Goodrich Court, ii. pl. 84, 85. This seems to be the same word which is now written joist, derived from tlie French " Gyst that gothe giste, and dencting a beam, so called from gisir, to rest, to lie along. Trahes, a truho, quia de una parie 'parittis ad over the Aoithe, solite, giste.'" palsg. uiio.M truhitur, a beme, or a balke of a house." ORTUS. * The gyterne, getron, or cittern, Fr. guiterne, was a stringed instrument, whieh seems, from tlie repeated mention that is made of it by Chaucei', to have been much in In the Lat. Eng. vocabulary, Roy. favour, probably as an accompaniment to the voice. MS. 17 C. XVII. are given " giga, getyrne gigu.tor, getynier." f. 43, b. Amongst tlie curious representations of musical instruments in Sloane MS. 39S3, t. Edw. II. f. 13, the harp is called " giga vel lira," but the same is named " arpes,''"' f. 4, b. ; with the former there is seen au instrument with five strings, and the head recurved, which perhaps exhibits the form of the gyterne at that early period. In default of any positive information on tbe ol.scure subject of the early history of music, it may be stated, conjecturally, that the gjterne is thc instrument which was held in an horizontal position, and played either by hand or with a plectrum, as may be seen in almost every representation of the angelic choir, wbether in sculpture, painted glass, oi' iiluminated MSS. The niinstrels' gallery on the North side of the nave at Exeter Cath., sculptured In Hawkins' Hist. in the reign of Edw. III. may be noticed as a remarkable instance. of Music, iv. 1 13, a figure is given of the cittern, frotn Mersennus, Harmonie Universelle, 1636, which reprc^ctits an iiistrument with six strings, diffcring fioni tiie Spanish It was littie esteemed, and chicfiy used in guitar iti the pear-shaped form of the belly.
:

'

'"'

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Gytone.1 Conscisorium, kylw. Gyvys, or feterys of presone
(fettirs of prison, p.)

197
Jocundus,
letus,

Glad, or mery.
hillaris.

Compes.

Glad,

antl

gretely

mery.

Jo-

a ])y(n)ge to Pernitido, polio. shyne.2 Glacynge, or scowrynge of haror

Glacyn,

make

cosus, (jaudiosus.

Gladyn', or cheryn'.
exhillaro, letifico.

Ilillaro,

neys.
dacio.

Pernitidacio,
in

p)erluci-

Gladlv, or
hillariter,

ble})ely.3

Libenter,
{voluntarie,

letanter

(Glasinge

scornynge,

ii.

p.

Intulacio.)

Gladly, or ioyfuUy.
(jaudenter.

Gaudiose,
hilla-

Glacynge, or wronge glydynge

of boltys or arowys (glansyng, of shetiuge, p.) s. glaunsinge

Gladnesse.
ritas, leticia.

Jocunditas,
herbe."*

Devolatus.

Gladone,

Gladiolus

places of lewd resort, or barbers' shops. See Nares, v. Cittern. Elyot renders "fdicula, a rebecke, or a gytterne " and Fleming, in liis version of Junius, gives " l>/ricus, " ^^^t&^ne, clstre, quiterne, lyriceii,filiceii /^rffi, a player vpon tlie lute or eyterne." A small gitterne, maitdore.''' shebw. giterne, guiterre. ' A GYTONE, or guidon, is the narae of a sort of banner, or streamer, called in Latin Guidou has been supposed to be a (/uido, which Ducange derives froni guida, a guide. corruption of guide-homme ; and is written " guydliome " in Harl. MS. 2258, where it " euery standard and guydhome to is stated that its length was to be 2^ or 3 yards have in the chief the crosse of St. C-feorge, to be slitte at the ende, and to conteyne the creste or supporter, with the posey, worde and device of the owner." From Harl. MS.
;

appears that every baronet or superior estate should display a banner, if lie were every knight a pennon, and " euery squier or gentleman liis getoun or standard." It is also directed that both the last should be slit at the extremity, whence probably the getoun was called couscisoriuni, as given above. In the eontemporary poem descriptive of the siege of Rouen, A.D. 1415, it is said,
838,
it

chief captain

" There was

many a getoun

gay,
line 1214.
;

With

mycliille

and great array."

See Sir Fred. Madden's note on

396 and Retrosp. Rev. i. 511, N.S. It appears that a gytone was not only carried in the field, but attached to the mast of a ship ; thus, in a bill of expenses for tlie Earl of Warwick, A.D. 1437, is a charge, " Item, a gyton for the shippe, of viij yardis longe, poudrid full of raggid staves, for the Ivmmyng and workmansliip ij ." Dugd. Warw. In the Will of John, Baron de Graystok, A.D. 14-36, is this bequest : " lego pro niortuario meo optimvm equum cuiu tota armaturd mea, cotearraour, penon, et gyton'', &c." Wilis and Inv. i. 85, Surtees Soc. Palsgrave gives " Cruyderne, a baner in a felde, guidon : Gyderne, guidon:^' and Cotgrave has " (juidon, a standard. ensigne, or banner, under whicli a troop of men of arnis do serve also iie that bears it." ^ This word seems to have implied not only to furbish arms, or armour, but, by means of sonie kind of varnish, to preserve the polish froni rust. Sir John Paston gives thc " As for my byll tliat is gylt, I wolde it were taken head to ; there following direction is von in the town can glaser weel I nowe, and ellys late it be weel oylyd." Palsgrave gives the verb " I glase a knyfe to niake it liright; iefoitrbis."
this line, Archajol. xxii.
;
:

"

Bleyely, Ms. Gladyne, gUuliohis,

quedain

herla.^''

cath.

ang.

The name gladwyn now de-

198
c. F.
C. F.

PROMPTORIUM PARVTJLORUM.
accorus, accohis, c.
f. iris,

Gleymowse,

or

fulle

of rewme.
Visco,

Reumaticus.

Gladsuxesse, ideni quocl gladNEssE (gladsunnesse, h.) Glaryn', or bryglitly shynyii'

(bryt shynyn, k.)
cido, elumino, p.)

Gleymyn', or yngleymyiT.
invisco.

Gleymows,

or lymows.
or

Limosus,

Rutilo (elu-

viscosus, glutinosus.

Gleymowsenesse,
nesse.

lymow(s)-

Glasse.

Vitnim.

Glasse

wryte (glaswrygh, k. wiyth, H. wryjthe, s.) Vitrarius. Glasy, orglasyne, or made of glas Vitreus. (glasyn of glasse, p.)
glasse.
Vitro, vel
vitrio.

Glemyn, Flammo. Glemyn, or

Radio.

Limositas, viscositas. fyyr. as or lemyii',

lemyn',
as

lyghte,

Glasyx' wythe

Glemynge,
macio.

or

lemyuge

of lyghte.

(ly^th, K.)

Conjlagracio, fiara-

Revma. Gleyime, or rewme.i Gleyme of knyttynge, or by(n)d3'nge to-gedyrs (kuttynge or byndinge, h. cuttinge,p.)"i>wms,
gluten, glucium.

Gleyre

of eyryne, or opev lyke

(gleyere, k. gley^yr of eyi"e, h.

gley^yer' of eyr', p.)^

c. F.

Glarea,

notes only the Iris fatidissima, Linn., but probably the more comnion species, Iris PseudIn Mr. Diamond's MS. version of Macer, it is said, acorus, may be here intended. " Gladen is y-clepid in Englisslie, iris in Latin, for liis floure ha\> a colour like \>e raynebowe . Take l>e rootis of ^is erbe, and kyt hem in rounde gobetis, and ryfe hem vpon a The virtues of this root Jrede, so ^at none of liem touche o^er, it )30u will drye hem.'" are numerous, taken with wine, mead, or vinegar ; the following is curious, as a cosmetic. " Do take ij parties of j^is pouder of gladen rotys, and ]>e iij part of ^e poudre of ellebre, \>aX some men clepen cloffynnge, and medele bojje \>Ke poudres to-gider in hony. plaster of J^is wole purge and clense \>e fuce of frekelis, also it wole resolue the pockys, and whelkys of \>e face." Elyot renders " X^pkiv/ni, an herbe lyke the blade of a sworde, gladen ; it is also called Xi/ris ; " and Cotgrave gives " Glayewl, come-&edge, corn-gladen, right gladen, gladen, glader, sword-grasse.'' ' In a medical treatise, Cott. MS. Jul. 1). viii. f. 119, b. a pottage composed of gentian, tormentil, fennel, and honey, is directed to be given " for a gleymede stomak, J^at may nojt kepe mete." * B}-y(n)dynge to-gedyys, MS. " Viscus, gleme, or lyme." ortvs. Compare clam', or cleymows; where the otlier MSS. read gleymous. " Visqvev.x, clammy, cleaving, birdlime-Iike. lotteux, claggy, clammy, cleaving. Glazeux, clamniy, fat, clayish." cotg. ^ " La glaire d'ua avf, the white of an egge. Avhiit d'rn anif, the white or gleare of an egge." cotg. In the Cant. Tales, the Chanon's yeoman, enumerating the numberless requisites employed in alchemy, mentions
.

" Unsleked

lime, chalke,

and

gleire of an eye."

In a curious !MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, concerning the craft of " To couche gold take gleyere, and safteroun grounde, limning, is the following recipe and couche on thy golde, whyle hit is moyste.'" Foxe relates that one Margery Backster, being accused of hcresy, thus declared her opinion of images " lewd wrights of stocks hew and formc such crosses and images, and after tliat, lewd painters gleere them with
:

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

199
or

Glenar
(Glene,
CATH.)

of conie.
k.
h.

Spicator, co?ip.i

Gloffare,
vorator,

devowrare.^
lurcus,

Deug
in

spicator, spicatrix.

vorator,

Spicatum,

amhrosia.

Gloffynge, or devowiynge.
Conspicacio.
(gloyere, or
iye,
c.
s.

De-

Cjtlenynge.

voracio, voracio, lv7'catus.

Glyare, or goguleye
gogyl eye,
Liimis,
c.

gogyll
strabo,

v.f
f. et

F.

cath. straba, hirquicallus, cath. et ug. v.

strahus,

CATH.

Gloryfyyn'. Glorijico. Gloryyn', or wythe onclene )>ynge defoylyii' (wyth ony on-clene thyng defowlyn, s. with foule thinge to defylyn, p.) Maculo,
deturpo.

Glydare.
F.

Serptor,

serptrix,

c.

(graditor, p.) Glyderyn'. Rutilo.

Glydyn'.

Serpo (gradior, p.)

Glydynge. Serpcio, gressus. (Glyynge, k. h. p. Strahositas.) Glymeryn'. Radio.

Gloryowse. Gloriosus. Gloryowsnesse. Gloriositas. Glosare of textys. Glosator. Glosar, and flaterere. Adulator. Glose of a boke. Glosa. Glose textys, or bookys. Gloso.
Glosyn', or flateryfi'.^ hlandior, cath.
sacio.

Glymerynge

of lyglite (lyjt, k.)

Adnlor,

Lucuhnmi, c. f. et cath. Glystery, or glystere (glisere, k.)

Glisterium, glistere,
c. f.

Glosynge, or expownynge.

Glo-

colours." The French word glaire has also, according to Cotgrave, the signifieation of "gravell, sand, and small pible stones, or sand mingled with stones ; also a whitish and slimy soil," in Latin glarea ; hence it is said in Caxton's Mirrour of the World, part ii. c. 85, that " by Acres the cyte is founden a maner of sande, and there is founden also of the glayre of the see, wliiche ben medled to gydre, and of thyse two myxtyons is made good glasse and elere." Bosworth derives glare from A.-S. Slsere, 'pelhicidani quidvis. "^ " An evene of corne." med. ' Arista est spica, an ere of corne or a glene." ORTUS. " glene, arista, conspica. Gloy, sjjicameuiurii.'''' Cath. ang. glene seems to be here put for that which is gleaned, from the Fr. glane, the corn left for the gleaner. " glean, a handfull of corne gleaned and tied up by the gleaner, or reaper, Kerit."

Bp. Kennett's

gloss. coll.

or els to gadyre songles.

'^

Cant. Mr. Wilbraham " A gleer, limus, straho, ohliqmis." cath. ang. Skinner gives the Gogyrleye, ms. verb to gly as used in Lincolnshire, signifying to squint, or look askance, possibly, he observes, from Ang.-Sax. glowan, candescere, " q. d. incen.sis et prce ira flammautibus

Lansd. MS. 10-33. The MeduUa give, " Coitspico, to glene, Aristor, i. colligere, spicas, to glene, or to gadre songles." MS. gives songow, used in this sense in Cheshire.

See Jamieson, v. Gley. Compare goguleye, hereafter. In the Vision of Piers rioughman the wor " glubbere " occurs in this sense, line " y-glubbed," line 3165, meaning gorged with liquor; and in the Crede, " glop5274; pynge of drynke," line 184. " To glosse, 6t To glose, ^rfoiarg, glosulare.'''' cath. ang. The verb to to fage. glose occurs in this sensc in the later Wicliffite version, in which Judges xiv. 15 is In the earlier version this rendered '' glose thin hos,ehox\i\e {blandire viro ^Jto." Vulg.) verse is tlius given, " faage to thi nian, and meue hym that he shewe to thee what bitokeneth the probleme." This signification of fagyn has been noticed above.
oculis conspicere.^''
^
1

200
Glosyxge,
lacio.
01"

rnOMPTOIUUJI PAKVULORr.M.
flaterjnge.

Adn-

Glotoxe. Gliito, CATH. epulus, KYLw. epulo (vorax, nehulo, p.) Glotoxye. Gida, crapula. Glovare. Cirothecarms. Glove. Cirotheca. Glowyn', as hoote yryne. Candeo,
cath.

or mynstral (ghvman, k. gleman, p.) Musicus, musica. Gluscare, idem quod glyare.^ (Gluskynge, idem quod glyenge,
K. p.

Gluman,

Strabositas.)

(Gnaste
KNAST.)

of

a candel,

infra

in

Gnastere (gnachar,
Gnastyn' (gnachyn,
strideo,

k.) Fremitor.
k.)^

Fremo,

Glowynge
p.)

of lioote fyre, or jvjw,

or o])er lyke (of hote fyre yron, Candor, cath. corusca-

cath. Gnastynge (gnachynge, k.) Fremitus.

Cio,

CATH.

Gnawyn',

Glu, of festynge. Viscus. Glu, or mynstralcye (gl"w, k. gle, r.)' Musica, armonia, c. f. Glwyn'. Visco.

or gnavyn, or fretyii' vngentely wythe tethe(wheten with the teethe, p.) Rodo, corrodo. Gnawynge, or fowle bytyuge.

Corrosio.

Gluynge

to-gedyr.
as

Congluti-

GooARE.

Ambulator,
fote,

viator,

nacio, conviscacio,

cath
paste,
ij

ambulatrix.
or

Gluyxge matere,
lyke to-geder.
o]>er
])at

GoARE on

idem quod fote-

ghiythe

thyngys
f.

Gluten,

c.

gla-

MANN, snpra GoBET, himpe.

Gop.ET, parte,-*

in F.

Fnistrum, massa.
Pars.

tinurn, c. f.

Glu, or glee, denotes properly, as Sii- W. Seott observes, the joyous scienee of the wLich was called in Ang.-Sax. jlig, and the musician jlisman, an appellation that denoted also the player, or jocidator. See Bp. Percy's Essay on Minstrels, Sir Tristrem, Havelok the Dane, Jamieson, &c. In the Yision of Piers Ploughman, a singular comparison occurs, doulitless used proverbially, as an analogous e.xpression is at the present time. Gloton, having druuk deep, till his legs totter, is said to go
'

niinstrel,

" Lik a gle-mannes bicche, Som tyme aside,

And som tyme

^

arere."

line

3180.

Forby explains glusky as signifying sulky in aspect. ^ " Slrid(o,foHiter sohare, horrihilem sonum facere, Xo gnayste. .S'<J-tWo'/', gnastynge.''' " To gna.ste,fremere, est ftororem mentis usque ad vocis tmmdtum excitare ; freii,ORT. dere, est jjroprie dentes concutere. A gnastynge, fremor, est hominum, fremitus hestianim.'^ Cath. ang. " To gnaste or gnasshe with the tethe, grincer. Gnastyng of the tethe, stndeur, gHncement.'''' palsg. In the WieliflSte version this word is of frequent
ms.

Glustare,

oncurrence.
*

The word gobbet formerly

In
tlie

iniplied not only a lunip, but generally a piece or portion

of anything.

seide, bringe je to broujt it, and hadden putte it on his bocche, he was heelid." that were carried about bv the Pardoner,

Wiclifrite version, iv. Kings, 20, 7, is thus me a gobet of figis ((./ _/iCO/-i'i, Vulg.)

rendered
;

"

And
\>b\

Isaie

and whan

hadden

Among

the curious relics'

PR0MPT0RIU3I PAHVULORUM.
kuttc (of cuttynge, k. p.) Scissitra. GoBET, of a brokc tliynge (of hole
thinge,
p.)
c. f.

201
Matrina,
materna,

GoBET, of a thynge

GoDMODYR.
CATH.

Fragmen, frag-

Goddowter. Filiola, cath. Godson', or gosson' (godsune, or

gosson,
s.

mentum,

cossone, h.) Filiolus,

GoDDE. Deus. GooDE. Bonus. GoDE, idem quod gade, supra. GoDFADYR.i Patrinus, cath.
(patrius, comjmter, k. p.) Godhed. Deitas.

cath.

Goode wyne. Temetum, cath. GoD 3ATE (Godjote, K. Good^oth,

H.

Godwolde,

p.)2

Goguleye, GLYARE
strabo,
iye, p.)3

supra,

Utinam. idem quod

limus,

GooDLY. Benignus, benevolus. Goodely, adv. Benigne, henevole.

K.

(gogyleyid, gogelere, s.

gogyl

GoioNE
Benignitas,
be-

of a poleyn' (goyvn off a

Goodlynesse.
nevolencia.
"

polene, harl. ms. 2274.)-*

tibulum, c. F. eardo.

Ver-

He

saied, he had a gobbet of the saile That Sainct Peter had, when that he went Upon the sea, till Jesu Christ him hent." Cant. T. Prol,

says of the apples of Paradise, growing in Egypt, " and thoghe never so many gobettes or parties, overtliwart, or end-longes, everemore ^ee schuUe fynden in the uiyddes the figure of the Holy Cros." p. 60. " Oleha, a " CTObbet, a lumpe, or a pece, iiionceau, lopln, chaateau." gobet of ertlie." med. The derivation appears to be from " Oobeau, a bit, gobbet, or morsell." cotg. PALSG.

Sir

John Maundevile

jee kutte

hem

in

gome, ?(&(i a godmoder." cath. ang. In the North Brockett and Jamieson. Cotgrave gives " conimere, a sliegossip, or godmotlier, a gomme," but tlie term appears to be novv obsolete. ^ Tlie interjection Goddot, Goddoth, occurs frequently in Havelok tlie Dane ; Sir F. Madden, in his Glossary appended to that curious poem, supposes it to be a corruption formed in the same manner as Goddil for God'8 will, in Yorkshire and of God wot Lancashire; a conjecture which appeared to be confirmed by the following passage, where it is related tliat Havelok made a vow to found a priory,
'

"

goffe, ii

a godefader.

goff signities a fool, aecording to

"

And

therof held
it

Iie

wel his oth,

it

For he

made, God

woth

"

line 2527.

The word, it is fui'ther observed, appears to have been limited to Lincolnshire or Lancashire, and a single instance of its occurrence is cited from a poem written in the former county, t. Edw. I. From the form, liowever, of the word, as it occurs in tiie Promptorium, the derivation appears to be more obviously from A.-Sax. geatan, conccdtre. " If thin yghe sclaundre ^ This term occurs in tlie Wicliffite version, Mark ix. 46
;

thee, caste

it

out

it

is

bettre

to

thee to entre gogil-yghed

(luscum, Vulg.) into the

God, than have tweyne yghcn," &c. Palsgrave gives aniong the adverbs, " a goggell, en loiichet. Goggle-eyed man, lovchc.'" Junius thinks it niay be derived from

rewme

of

A.-S. sccgl ej;ede, strabo. * In some parts of England a piece of projecting iron at eacli end of a roller, which connects it with the frame, is still called a gudgeon, from the Fr. " (joujon, the pin which the truckle of a pulley runneth on ; also the gudgeon of the spindle of a wlieele." COTG. Among the expenses of Thomas Lucas, Sol. Gen. to Hen. VII., in l>uilding Little

CAMD. SOC.

2 D

202
G(o)iONE,
fysclie.

PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
Gohms,
gohio.

Goox

a-bowtyii',

or Ay(h)yryllyn
Circino.

(golnus, p.)

(wyrlyllyn, s.)

GoLDE. Aurum. GooLDE, herbe.i Solsequium, qnia

seqiiitur solein, elitrojnura, calen-

GooN

dula.

CanhiGoLDEFYNCHE, byrcle. elis, KYLW, GOOLDFUYLE, SW/)m (m FULE, goldfule, K.)

Bratea, in plur. cath.

Precedo. (GooN aftyr, s. Succedo.) GooN a-wey. Recedo, discedo. Goo be-hynde, or folow (gon behyndyn, or folwyn, k.) Sequor (^retrogradior, p.) Goo downe. Descendo, cath. Goo foorthe. Procedo.

a-fome.

GoLDSMYTH. Aurifaher. GoLET, or tlu-ote. Guttur, gluma,

Goo

forthe

yn

a iurneyc.

Profi-

ciscor.

GoLFE

gula, Dicc. of conie.2

GooN yn
Archenium,
gredior.

to a place.
fote

Introio, in-

KYLW.

et

coMM. acervus, (ar-

GooN on

(gon afote, k.)

Exio, egredior.
Lento,
c. f.

Pe-

conium, k. arthonium, tassis, p.) GoLYox, garmeiit (clothe, p.)^

Gvnella, gunellus.

dito, c. F.

Golvyn', or
s.)

golvoii'.

Arconiso.

GooN owte. Goo slowly. Goo to, and

gredior.

be-gyn.' a dede.

Ag-

GoME yn' mannys mowthe(goomys,

Gingiva, vel gingive, iilur.
io,

Goo

to

pryvy,

or

to

shytyii.

Ambulo, pei-go, vado, Goon'. gradior {ineo, eo, transio, P.)

Saxham

Acello.

Goo wronge.

Devio, deliro.

Hall, A.D. 15G7, are tliese items among smitlis' work ; " for goions anj eolars, with ij stireppis for my bruge, weiyng 865 Ib." These were probably for suspending a Rokewode's SufF. p. 150. drawbridge. The plant here intended is perhaps the corn marigold, Chrysantkemum segetum, Linn. ealled in the North, goulans, guilde, or goles, and in the South, gokls. See Ray
'

" gowlde " are detailed in the eurious metrieal treatise Dr. Turner says that " Ranuiicnius is called in 26, b. Nares Englisb crowfoot or kingeux, or in some places a gollande." Herbal, part ii. states that gold is tlie cudweed, or mothwort, G/iaphali".m Gcriaanicum, Linn. ^ A rick of eorn in the straw laid up in a barn is called in Norfolk, according to Forby,

and

.Tamieson.

Tlie virtues of

of herbs, Sloane

MS. 1571,

f.

to goave signities to stow everj' division of the barn being ternied a goaf-stede a goaf See also Ray and Moore. Tusser uses tlie verb to gove, to make a mow corn therein. In a short Latin-Eng. YocabularT,' of the XVth see August's Husbandry, st. 23. or riek cent. written apparently at Creak, in Norfolk, Add. MS. 12,195, occur " Gtlhno, to golue. Inyelimum, golfe." Palsgrave gives " goulfe of corne, so moche as may lye bytwene two postes, otherwyse a baye." - Roquefort gives " (jolion, sorte crhabit de guerre ; " but in the Promptorium golyon and gown seem to be almost synonymous, both being rendered by tlie Latin gxinellus, a diniinutive of giinna. The term is used by Gower, where he relates the exchange of ^arments made by Hercules and lole, in order to deceive Faunus,
;
:

"

He hath hir in his clothes clad, And cast on hir his golion,
Whiche
of the skin of a lion

AVas made."

Couf.

Am.

lib. v.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GooyoE, preuy.*
s.

203
slory.''

Cloaca, latrina.
k. h.

GoRE, or
COMM.

Lirmis, tessequa,
col-

GooxGE fyrmar (gongefowar,

feyar, p.)2

Cloacarius, latri-

GooRD.

Cucwner, cucurbita,

narius, comm.

loquintida.

Goo(n)ge

hoole.

Chimphus, necc.

GooRE

of a clothe.* Lacinia, c. f.

' This wonl occurs in the glosses on G. de Bibelesworth, Arund. rendering oiforeya, a place retired, a " witLdraught," as it was called,

MS.

220, as the

"

Vn mauei/s vinten maforere (an heuedlond,) Ou ]}ar defpitfistforeyn hier (gonge.)"

the term " chambre forene," whieh is used by Robert of Gloue. In the Seuyn is related that a father and son went together to commit a robbery, and tlie father falling into a pit, bid his son cut oft' his head, that he might not be recognized. He carried the head away to conceal it,

Hence

Sages

it

" But

als he com bi a gong, Araidde the pit he hit slong."

line

1315.

Fabyan gives the following tale, 43 Hen. III. " In this yere fell that happe of the Jewe of Tewkysbury, whiche fell into a gonge vppon the Saterdaye, and vvolde not for
reuerence of his sabbot day be plucked out wherof heryng the Erle of Glouceter, tliat the Jewe dyd so great reuerence to hys sabbot daye, thought he wolde do as myche to his holydaye, whych was Sondaye, and so kept hym there tyll Monday, at which seasou he was found dede." The Medulla gives " Birsa, cloaca, a gonge ; " and Palsgrave " Gonge, a draught, ortrait." A.-S. Song, ganS-settl, gang-pytte, gang-tun, latrina. ^ " Gonge farmer, maister de hasses aevures, gidjueron, cvrevr d'ortraltz. I ferme a siege, or priuy, i^escure. Neuer come to your newe house, tyll your seges or priuyes be fermed, tant que vous ayez cure les orttrays." palsg. Thomas, in his Ital. Gramm. 1548, gives " Piomhino, a certein instrument of leade, that the gongfermours use." " Gadouard, a gould-finder, jakes-farmer, feyer of priuies. Malstre liluj i^hy, a jakes Bp. Kennett gives the feyer, who hath often occasion enough to say, phij." cotg. " To farm, to cleanse or enipty, following note in his glossarial coil. Lansd. MS. 1()33
;
:

Bor, Oxfordshire as, to farm kine, to farm a stable or cow-liouse from Sax. feormian, purgare, whence the cleansers of jakes or privies are in some places called jakes-fai-mers."
;
;

generally mcntioned together in Norfolk, as Forliy Ang.-Sux. observes, the former expressing the thin, the latter thethick part of the mire. Brockett gives gor, in the Northern Dialect. gor, lutuin.

Compare fowar, fowyn, and fyin. 3 Flory, MS. Slush and gore are

" For gore and fen, and That was out y-kast,
*

full wast,

Togydere they gadered,

wj's."

Lybeaus disconus,

line 1471.

Lacinia is cxplained in the Catholicon to be " vestis laccro.ta, vel ora sive extremitas vestimenti ; " to which tbe following addition in made in the Ortus, " vel nodus clamldis, a herame of clothe, or a gore, or a trayne." G. de Bibelesworth says,

" Car par deuaunt avez esJcoiirs (lappes,) Et d'encoste sont vos (jiroxins (sidgoren.)"
This word is used repeatedly by Chaucer, and Tyrwhitt observes that its meaning was It seems, however, to imply a slit in a garment, whcreby a piece is not intelligible.

204

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
tre, siij^ra

(GoRSTYS TRE, or qwyce

in FYRRYS.)!

GosHAWKE.

Aucipiter, herodius.

GoosE.

Auca.

GosYs

GRES, or camoroche, or Camaroca, vel wylde tanzy.2 tanasetum agreste.

GosHERDE. Aucarius, aucaria. GosELYXGE. Ancerulus. GossYP, mann.3 Comjyater, c. f. (GosYP, woman, s. p. Commater.) GosPEL. EvangeUum.
or eontract

either inserted or taken away, so as to widen penter^s young wife is deseribed, who wore

it

thus the attire of the Car-

"

Upon
Here
it

barm-cloth, as white as morwe milk, her lendes, ful of many a gore."

Miller^s T. 3237.

doubtless signifies that her apron was gathered in with numerous plaits, in Sir Thopas says, wliere he relates his dream, girding it about her hips.

" An elf-quene

shall

And

slepe

under

my lemman my gore."

be,

Cant. T. line 13,719.

Here the expression seeras to be one of those conventional phrases of romance of which the meaning cannot be closely defined, and implying ample coverings, garments full and rieh. In Emare, the Queen of Galys is said to be " goodly unther gore, wordy unther wede, comely untlier kelle.'' Ritson, Metr. R. ii. 243. " Goore of a smocke, ^joy/i^g de " Gheroui, tlie gores of a woman's smocke, or other lyke garment." cJiemise.'''' palsg. AV. Thomas, Ital. Grumm. In the Nortli, and other parts of England, the Ulea: Ewropceus, Linn. or common Ang.-Sax. gorst, erica, ruhv.s. See the note on the word fyrrys, furze, is called gorse. In the margin is the addition above. " it^MCw^, a gorst, or a furse." med. MS. Cant. Cotgrave gives " genest in Somner^s hand, of the Ang.-Sax. words, " cneoholen, fyres. "

'

espineux, furres, whinnes, gorse, thorne-broom." 2 The Poterdilla anserina, Linn. or wild tansy, is called in the North, according to Ray, goose-grass, because eaten by geese. The plant, however, most commonly known by the nanie, is the Galium aparine, or cleavers, whicli, as Moore observes, is called in Suffolli " guse-grass." Dr. Turner, in his Herbal, 1561, speaks of " Gooshareth or Cotgrave gives " Grateron, the small bur called goose-share, goose-grasse, clyuer." love-man, cleaver, and claver. Rieble, cleaver, goose-grasse, &c." Huloet calls the same plant " goslingweede, rueJja (sic, ruhea ?) luinor.'''' ^ GossYPMANN, MS. The Baptismal sponsors were formerly called gossips, a term which Skinner derives from Ang.-Sax. God, Dcas, and syb, a^fiiiitas, as it were " cognati in Deo ; " and by the Canon law marriage was forbiddeu between persons thus allied, In the Lay le Freine, it is related that the as much as between relatives by blood. knight, to whom two sons were born, sent to greet a knight who was his neighbour,

" And pray him that he eom to me, And say he sclial mi gossibbe be."
It

of the

would hence seem that the term comprised not only the co-sponsors, but the parents child baptized. Verstegan, in his explanations of ancient wt)rds, observes upon " Godsip, now pronounced gossip. Our Christian ancestors, understanding a spiritual affinity to grow between the parents and such as undertook for the child at baptism, called each other by tlie nanie of Godsib, which is as much to say, as that thej' were sib together, that is, of kin together through God." p. 175, edit. 1655. Fabyan says of tlie rcpudiation of Ingebert of Dcnmark by Phijip Augustus, king of France " yt was not longe or she were from hyni deuorced for cause of alyaunce of gossyprod, or otherwise." Part
vii. c.

242.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GoosTE. Spiritus. GosTELY. Spiritualiter. GosTELY mann, or womann. Spiritualis.

205

GoosTYLNESSE. Spiritualitas. GossoMER, corrupcyon (gossum'

myr, or corrupcion, h. v.y Filandrya., kmugo, cath. GooT, beste. Hircus, eclus, capra. Gote, or water sclietelys (goote, h. \fatev sch.ede\\js, s.y Aquayium,
'

sinoglocitoiniim, c. f.

effertur in aerem.''''

lana super poma, vel flos tribidi qui postqu,am hene siccatus est leviflatu In tlie Promptoriuni an allusion is made to another and strange cath. supposition regarding tlie production of gossamer, noticed by Skinner, namely, that it was formed from the dew scorched by the morning sun, and thence, as it seems, termed here corruption. It is evident from Chaucer that this phenomenon had exercised the ingenuity
i.

" Lamigo,

of curious observers in ancient times.

" As

sore

wondren som on cause

of thonder,

On ebbe and floud, on gossomer, and on mist, And on all thing, til tliat the cause is wist." Squiere's

T. 10,572.

An

allusion to the anciently received notion occurs in Spenser,

who

speaks of

" the fine nets which

oft

we woven

see

Of scorched dew."
" As
as cobwebs that do fly caus'd by the autumnal sun, That boils the dew that on the earth doth lie May seem this whitish rug then in the scum, Unless that wiser men make^t the field spider's loom."
light

and thin
air,

In the blew

H. More.

Even Dr. Hooke advances a conjecture

consist of gossamer. Microgr. 202.

that the great white clouds seen in sumraer might Dr. Hulse and Martin Lister first observed the real

mode
is

Araneis

See Ray's Letters, 36, 09; liister de of its production by a speeies of spider. and the interesting relation in White^s Hist. Selb. The etymology of the word ; very obscure; Skinner suggests t/ossam^iine, Fr. gossiimim, Lat. the cotton plant. The derivation proposed in the Craven Glossary, from its appellation " summergauze, hence gauze o' th' summer, gauzamer, alias gossamer," is hardly tenable, when it is considered that the term was probably received in our language long before the introduction of the tissue called gauze. An early instance of its occurrence is in the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth, whose treatise was composed in the time of Edw. I.
" Regardet cy lafilaundre (gosesomer.)"

Arund. MS. 220,

f.

301.

" Filiandra, Anglice, gossomer." Lat. Eng. Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. " Gossommer, " Couvrailles, gossymeare, or thynges that flye in somniar lyke copwebbes." P.4LSG. the white and cobweb-Iike e.\haIations which flye abroad in hot sunnie weather." COTG. In N. Brit. according to Jamieson, it is called also sun-dew webs, or moosewebs. In German, unser Frawen Haar, the Blessed Virgin's hair. See Jamieson, v. Garsummer;
c. 33, after setting forth the decaj-ed state of the fortifications of Hull, grants certain duties levied on the importation of fish, to repair and main-

and Nares. The stat. 33 Hen. VIII.

tain the walls, ditches, and banks, as also " other clowes, getties, gutters, goottes, and other fortresses there," for the defance of the town and haven. Stat. of Realm, iii. 872. The stat. 2 and 3 Edw. VI. c. 30, states that the channel of the Camber, near Rye, " and partely bycause dyuers had become choked up, in part by casting ballast into it, mershes innod take in no water to scower the channtll, but lett outc tlier freshe

206
GoTERE.

PROMPTORirM PARVULORt'51.

Aquariiim, imhricium, guttatorium, guttera, aqualacium,

c. F.

GouERxowRE

of

monj yn an

GoTERE vndjr
tadiqjjjer,

aquagium, UG. v. )je grownde. Ca-

cataracta, c. f. sed cataracte in plur, sunt fenestre

celi,

nubes,
c. f.

vel

meatus

^>Zmu-

{cadadirpa, p.) GoTERE, ad lyurgandxim feces coquine. Ruder, cath. GOOTYS BERDE.l Stirillum, CATH. et UG. in stupnim. GooT HERDE. Capercus, C. F. GoTows mann, or womann' (gotorous, p.) Guttosus. Goton', or had be trawayle (gotjn, or get, p.) Adeptus, adquisitus,
assecutus.

arum,

howsholde, vndur a lorde or mayster. Massarius, massaria, CATH. in massa. Governyn'. Guberno, rego. GovERNE a towne. Villico, villicor, CATH. Gouernyn', and mesuiyn' iu manerjs, and thewjs. Moderor, modifico, CATH.

GowLARE,

or

vsei'ere.2

Usura-

rius, fenerator.

GowLE,

GowNDE
hugo,

or vsurj. Usura, fenus, of J)e eje.3 Ridda, alc. F. et

ug. v.

GoAVNE,

garment.
sekenesse.

Toga, epiGutta.

togium, dicc. gunellus.

GowTE,

Regimen, guhernacio, guhernacu lum. GouERKOWRE. Guhemator, rector.

GovERNAWNCE.

Gowton', as candeljs. Gutto. Grace. Gracia. Graceles. Akaris, c.f. vel acaris,
c. f. et

CATH. ingraciosus.

at guttes ;" so that tlie road for shipping was mueh injured. VoL iv. 72. This word retained in use in several parts of England Skinner and Ray give gowts, a word signifying in Somersetshire channels or drains under-ground. Bp. Kennett lias the following " A wide ditch, or water-course that empties notes in his gloss. eoll. Lansd. MS. 1033 itself into the sea, is called in Romney Marsh a gut, from old Dan. giota, scrohs : thence gutter, dim. a mill gut, a gote, i. a floud-gate, Northumb. Ang.-Sax. '^eoia.r\,fundere.^'' In the Craven Dialect gote denotes a channel of water frora a mill-dam as does goyt in similar word Hallamshire. Jamieson gives goat and got, a small trench or drain. " Goute : gouUitre, ei/out." roquef. occurs in old French " Stirilhini, barha capre, et dicitur a stirid, quia ' GooTYS HERDE, MS. berde, s. h. p.

water

is

pendens ad modum stirie, i (/utte.'" cath. * " Danisla, Danus, a gowlere, an vserere." med. ms. cant. The derivation appears obviously to be from ffulu, in French r/oule or ffole, siguiticative of his rapacious avidity. * Skinner gives the word gound as used very commonly in Lincohishire, signitying the running or impure secretion of the eyes. It occurs in the glosses on G. de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220, f. 297, b.
" Vostre rego/rdz est gracious (louelik,) 3Ies vos oe.yz sunt saciouz (gundy ;)

Des
Bp. Kennett,
eyes,

oeez outez la sacye (he

(J^e

E de nees la rupye
in his glossarial colL

gunde,) maldrope.)"
:

Westm.

Goundy,
inis,

filthy

like

Ang.-Sax. gund,

sanies.

Lansd. MS. 1033, has the following note " Gunded running sores, Gower. Gunny eyes, Yorksh. DiaL" Skelton deseribes the " eyen gowndye '' of Elyuour

Rumming.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

207

Gracyows.
C. F. et

Graciosiis,

etdrtris,

Fricelhim, frictellum, ex cath.

in frico.

CATH.

(Graffe, infra in gryffe.) (Graffyn', infra in gryffyn'.) Grayle, boke (graj^ylle, harl,
Ms.

Grate,

or

trelys

wy(n)dowe
Cancellus.

(treues wyndovve, p.) Grate brede.3 Ilico.

2274.)!
s.

Gradale, vel gra-

Grate gynger
oder
lyke,

(grate gynjors or

dalis.

(Grame,
doii

infra in

waytynge

to

harl. ms. 2274.) Frictico, cath. (frico, cath. p.)

harme.)2

Gratynge
Gramaticus, gramicatura.

of

brede.

Micacio,

Grajiaryone.
matica.

Gratynge
lyke.

Gramere. Gramatica. Gramercy. In plurali,

grates, accusativo tantum.

of gyngure, and oper Frictura.

has

Grave.

Monumentum,
tiimulus.

sepul-

chmm,
Grave,

Grape.

Uva.
of grete quantite.
for

Grape Grate
DICC.

Bu-

or solempnely made, gravyn(solenly made and arayyd,

c. f.

viasta, CATH.

brede.

Micatorium,
ojjer lyke.

K. p.) Mausoleum, Gravelle, Arena,

eciarn sonde.

sahidum,

Grate

for

gyngnre, or

Gravel pytte.

Arenarium.

' gi'ayle is a service book containing the responses, or gradalia, so called because they are sung iit gradlhiis, or by course. It is thus described by Lyndwood: " Graponitar pro lihro iniegro, quo contineri debent officium aspersionis acpiee lenedale dicta, missarum inchoationes, sive officia, Kyne, cum versihus Gloria in excelsis, gradalia, Halleluja, et tractus, sequentia, synibolum cantandum in Missa, Offertorium, Sanctus, Agnus, Commuuio, <fcc. qum ad ckorum s'pectant in Miss(B solennis decantaAt the synod of Exeter, A.U. 1287, it was ordained that tione.'"' Provinc. iii. tit. 27. certain books should be provided in every parish, at the eharge of the parishioners, aniong which is named the gradale. Wilkins, Conc. ii. 139. It is likewise included in The stat. the constitution of Abp. Winehelsey, to the same effect, A.D. 1305. Lyndw. 3 and 4 Edw. VI. for abolishing divers books and images, enacts " that all books called antiphoners, missals, grails, processionals, &c. heeretofore used for service of the church, shali be cleerelie and vtterlie abolished, and forbidden for euer to be vsed or kept in tliis

realme.''
2

This word, which

is

found in the Winchester MS. only,

is

frequently used by thc old

writers.

" Bithenk hou

And And

oft rape wil rewe, turn to grame wel grille."

Amis and Amiloun, 657.

K.
Alis. 3310.

" Lordynges, he

saide, y

am

ascharaed,

sore anoyed,

and agramed."

In Havelok the verb to greme occurs, line 442, and the adjective grani, meaning angry See also Seuyn Sages, 2703 Cant. Tales, 16,871 ; and Jamieson, or incensed, line 214. Ang.-Sax. grama, molestia, gremian, irritare. V. Gram. ^ It may be observed in the Forme of Cury, and all books of ancient cookery, that " myyd," or grated bread, was continually employed in the composition of a variety of dishes. Palsgrave says, " I holde a penny that I shall grate tliis lofe, or you can grate a ra.syn of gynger ;" that is, a root, racim-.
;

208

PROMPTORIUM PARVrLORUM.
STOXE.
CippUS, CATH.
])e

GrAVE

moderys moder.
CATH.

Avia,

c. f. et

Gravyx, or grabbyu yn
Fodio.

erthe.

Geavvx' ymagys.
(imagery, k. p.)
or

or

o])er

Ij-ke

Grangia. Grawstge, or gronge.2 Grawnte, or grawntynge.3 Concessio, stipulacio,

Gravyn', or puttjn yn

Sculpo. grave, J)y

a^mutus, cath.

in annuo.

yn

])e

ertbe.i

Humo,

(|-c.

Grawsttyn',

Concedo,
Sculjitor.

annuo,

idem gMorfBERYYx', supra. Gra\"yxge in tymbyr, or metal. Sculptura. Gravy-nge, delvynge. Fossio,
fossatura.

constipulor, cath.

Gravowre.

Gravyx', or beryyd (gravon, or biiyid, k.) Sepultus, humatus.

Gravyn'
faderys fadyr (grawn-

of a grawowre.'* Sculptus. or
dolvyfi'.

Grawxsyre,
cyr,
s.

Gravyx',

Fossus,

grauncer, p.) Avus, c. f. Grawxedame, fadeiTS moder, or

confossus.

Gre, or worthpiesse.5

Gradus.

" To grave, vhi to bery. To grave, ces])itare,fodere,percolere,foditare, pastinare. gravynge, cultura.'''' cath. ang. Tlie verb to graver, ces-pitator, callor, fossor. grave is used by most of the old writers in the signification of digging, and tbence of Ang.-Sax. ^rafan, fodere. Sir John Maundevile gives a reladepositing in the grave. tion of tlie legcnd regarding the origin of the trees of which the cross was formed ; tbat when Adam sent Seth to crave oil of mercy of the angel tbat kept Paradise, the angel refused to give it, " but he toke him three graynes of the same tree that his fadre eet the appelle offe, and bad hym, als sone as his fadre was ded, that he scholde putte theise three
'

greynes undre his tonge, and grave him so. And of theise three greynes sprong a tree and bare a fruyt, thorghe the whiche fruyt Adam scholde be saved.'' p. 14. To grave still signifies, in the North, to break up ground with the spade. ^ The primary meaning of the word grangia, in French grange, or grance, seems to have been a repository for grain, or, according to Ducange, a threshing floor and thence it implied the farming establishment generally, with its various buildings and appliances, as it is aecurately defined by Lyndwood, in his annotations on the Constit. of Abp. Mepham, Provinc. lib. ii. tit, i. Spelman cites a MS. in which the nameThomas Atelajje, The term that is, at the lathe, or barn, is said to be in French, Thomas de la Graunge. bas even the more extended sense of a hamlet that is, probably, the assemblage of dwellings occupied by the dependants of the farm, which, doubtless, forming a Palsgrave gives nucleus, gave rise to the greater number of villages in ancient times. "graunge, or a lytell thorpe, hameau. GT&M-nga, jyetit village." Huloet makes the " Graunge, or manour place without the walls of a citie, suhfollowing distinctions urhaiium. Graunge, or little thorpe, riculus. Graunge, where husbandry is exercised, colonia." ^ Grawnte, or grawnte. Coifessin, ms. grawntynge, K. s. P. (tRavvn, or a grawowTe, m.S. off a gravowre, s. * Gre is here given only in the sense of promotion to honoiir or distinction, in whieh akso the term degree is now used at the Universities. In N. Britain gree has still this signification, So likewise in Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose
;

" In thanke thy seruice wol I take, And high of gree I wol thee make."
It occurs frequently in the

primary sense of a step, gri, Fr.

" Ciimatum, a goynge

fro

gre to gre." ortus.

PKOMPTOUIUM PARVULOUITM.
(Gkece, or
p.i
tredj'!, k. h.

209
s.)

or steyre,
k.)
c. f.

Grehownde
Grev
Grey,

Gradus.)
of

(greschounde, Leporarius, veltres.

of colowre.
elbidus, cath.

Gredy
Gredy

mete (in

mete,

Gresius, elhus,

Avidus.
in askynge. importunus.

Procax,

beest.2 Taxus,melota, cath.

Gredy,

or

hasty.
of
in

Impetuosus,

Grey heryd. Canus. Greyne of corne. Granum.

Greyne,
or croppe of corne ^ (in Annona. the jere, k. yere, p.)

fcstinus.

Gredyxesse
K. p.)

mete (havinge,
aslcynge.

Aviditas.

Gredynesse

Pro-

Greynesse of heere. Canicies. Greynys, spyce (spicery, k. p.)*

cacitas, c. f.

Granum

Paradisi.

' The term grece seems to be derived from the plural of gre, a step. It is thus " J^ou schalt not stye bi grees {per ffnidus, Vulg ) to myn used in the Wicliffite version " ForsoJ^e Esdras \>e writere stood on auter, lest J>i fil}>e be schewid." Exod. xx. 26. J>e grees of tree {sriper grachmi ligneuni, Vulg.) whiche he hadde niaad to spplce l^eron." Esdras, viii. 4. Compare iv Kings, xxiii. 3, and Dedis, xxi. 35. Sir John Maundevile says, in his relation of tlie state of the great Chan of Cliatay, " the grees that he gothe up to the table ben of precyous stones, medled with gold." p. 259. And again, " Vesselle of sylver is there non, for thei telle no prys there of, to make no vesselle offe, but
;

maken ther of grecynges, and pileres, and pawmentes to halles and cliambres." p. 2G3. In the version of Vegecius, which is attributed to Trevisa, among directions how a strong place should be fortified by double walls, the intervening space being filled with earth, it is said that there should be in the making of the inner walle, at euery fourty or fifty fote of lengthe, esy gresinges fro the playn grounde of the citie up to the walls." Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. 100. " Gradus, a grece, a steppe. Grado, to leede, or greys." MED. 3IS. CA.NT. " grece, gr-adtis ; gradare, i. gradits facere, vel per gradus ducere.'''' CATH. ANG. " Coclea, turnegrece." Lat. Eng. Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Scam7ium, a steppe or grice, whereby a manne gothe vppe into a hygh bedde. Anohathrum, a pulpit or other lyke place, whiche standeth on hyghe, wherunto a man must go vp by a ladder or grises." elyot. " Grece to go vp at, or a stayre, c^e^re." palsg. " Dcgre, a staire, step, greese." cotg. See Forby's observations on the word grissens, which still signifies stairs in Norfolk Craven Glossary, v. Grees and Nares. ^ This name of the badger, which was taken, probably, from its colour, has previously occurred as synonymous with bawstone. The gloss on the Equivoca of John do Gar" Taxus, qiwddam animal, a brocke or a grey." landia gives the following explanation " Graye, a beest, taxe.''' palsg. " Gri.sard, a badger, boason, brocke, or gray." cotg. " Graio, a gray, a broeke, a badger." florio. See HoIIand's Pliny, viii. c. 38. * Croppe or corne, Jis. " Atnto/ia est seges vnius anni, corne of one yere." ortds. * " Grayns, granellum, The aromatic qualities quoddam species est.'" cath. ang. Chaucer says of of cardamoms, and grains of Paradise, were anciently much esteemed. the amorous Absolon, when he prepares to court the carpenter's wife,
thei

" But

first

To smellen
They are again mentioned
in

he cheweth grein and lieorise, sote, or he had spoke with here."

Miller's Tale.

Gerarde and Parkiuson give representationsof the Meliguetle, greatest sort of cardamoms, Gh-ana Panidisi, or Guinea grains a pod shaped like a fig, and fuU of red seed. The true grains of Paradise were brought CAMD. 30C. 2 E
of the Rose.
;

Rom.

210

PROJIPTORirM PARVtFLORUM.
Viridis.
lierbere, h. p.)

Greke of colowre. Geeke place (or

Gresyn', as beestys fedy(n)ge wythe gres (beestys in pasture,

K.

Viridium^ vel viretinn, viridarium, comm,

cath.
Vi-

fede

the

with

gresse, p.)"

Dejiascor,
boniso.

cai'po,

cath.

he?-

Grenehed,

or

grenenesse.

riditas, viror.

Geesy-nge, or a-noyntynge (with

grece, p.)

Geenyn', or growe grene. Vireo, CATH. viresco, cath et c. f.

Saginacio.
of

Gresynge,

beestys

fedynge.

Geennaee, or
Rinctor.

lie

J)at

grynnytlie.

the tythe, as Bingo, cath. et c. f. Grennynge. Eictus, cath. Geene lynge, fyshe (grenlynge, s. grenelynge, p.)i
wytlie

Grennyn'

Pastura, carptura. Geeshop. Cicada. Geete, in quantyte.

grossus, grandis.

Magnus,

howndys.

Geete heetyd, and

nanimus.

bolde.

Mog-

Geete

Geees, or fetnesse

(gres, k.)

Sa-

umnesse.
K. p.)

heety'd, not redy to buxPertinax, infiexihilis.

or

gimen, sagina, cath. {adeps, p.)

Grete mann,

worthy (maii,
c. f.

Gresse, herbe (gres, k, s.) Herha, gramen. Gresyn', or anoyntyii wythe grese.
Sagino.
from the East Indies, but
tlie

Magnas.
or
wepyii'.3

Geete oothe. Jusjurandum,

Geetyn,
cath.
fleo, lacrimor.

Ploro,

ordinary larger cardamoms seem to have been likewise so

graines, or graine of Paradise ; also Ethiopian pepper. 3fanigaet, melegttte, the spice called grains, or grains of Paradise." cotg. ' Tlie fisli here intended seems to be the cod or keeling, Morhua vulgans, Cuv. which is called the green fish, probably from its colour, but, as stated in "\VilIughby's Hist. Pise.
p. 166, from its being taken on the coast of Greenland. It abounds in the Northern seas a multitude of British and Dutch fishermen are occupied in taking and preparing it for transport to all parts of Europe. It is called also habberdeen, Island fish, or stock-fish. " J/ore, the cod, or green fish. Monit verte, green fish.'" cotg. This green variety, called the Scotch cod, is niost common towards the North. ^ In the Golden Legend, Life of St. Paul, there is a relation that the head of the saint was found by a shepherd, who " set it up by the place where his shepe greased." Palsgrave gives " to grease, or grase, as a horse dotlie." The word, as usually v^Titten, is more in accordance with the derivation, Ang.-Sax. grasian, gramine vesci. Forby gives another signification of the verb to graze, as used in Norfolk, namely, to become covered with the growth of grass ; in this sense it is given likewise in the cath, axg. " to gresse,

named.

" Cardumome,

herbere, herbescere."
^

" To

grete, j)lorare,

et

cetera ubi to

wepe." cath. ang.

K.
Alis.

" There was

mad muche gredjTig, Much weoping, much waylyng."

7882.

Hampole

in the

Prick of Conscience terms the day of

final

doom
Harl.

"

J>e
i>e

day of greteyng, and of gouleyng, day of sorowe >at neuer salle blyne."

MS. 6923,

f.

83.

See also R. Bruniie, p. 148; the Vision of P. Ploughman, 1029, 1497; Chaucer, Rom. of Rose; and Jamieson, v. Greit. Ang.-Sax. graedan, grajtan, clamare.

PROMPTOniUM PARVULORUM.
Grety53', or salutyiT. Scduto^cArn. Gretynge, or salutacyou. Saliitacio.

211

Gretynge, or wepynge.
tus, fletus.

Ploi^a-

or a-greuyd yn wrethe. Aggravatus, attediatus. Guevyn'. Gravo, aggravo, iufesto, noceo, cath. Grevows. Nocivus, tediosus,
gi'avis (nocuus, k.)

Grevyd,

Gretly.
opido.

Valde,
fote.

vehementer,

Grevowsly.
Jje

Graviter,

tediose,

Grete Too of Greet wytlie

Grevawnce,
Gravameiij dium.

AUux^cf.
Gravidus,

nocenter.

chylde.
or

(Grewelle,

imj)regnatus.

infra in growelle.) Gryce, swyne or pygge.i Porcellus, nefrcndis,

grevowsnesse.
te-

cath.

et c. f.

nocumentum,

Gryce, whyle hyt sokythe. Puber,

CATH. in depuhis, nefrendis, ug.
infrendere.

Grevawn(c)e,

or oflfence, or tress.)

pace (offence of trespace, k. Offensa, aggra(vd)men.

Gryce, precyowse
s{i)mus, necc.

furrure.2

Sci-

" " Marcassin, a young wild grise, porcellus, et ceiera uhi a swyne." cath. ang. Grys occurs repeatedly in this sense, in the Vision of boare, a shoot, or grice." cotg. in the glossary, Mr. Wright refers to the story of "Will P. Ploughman, 450, 2182, 4353 Skinner cites Gouldman's IJict. as the sole authority for Gris in the Lanercost Chron. the word grice, and proposes as an etymon Belg. griis, cinereus, The word appears to be now obsolete, or retained only in the diminutive griskin. Bp. Kennett in his gloss. coll. Lansd. MS. 1033, gives, " grice, a pig Island. griis, vel grys, succula ; " and cites the
' : ;

Yorkshire Dial.
*
:

p. 42,

and Douglas'3

Virgll.

See Jamieson.
as follows respecting female

sorciatur (i. capiat.) Peex scisimis (gris), vel experiolis (ehireus), sive scxiretlis, vel ex cuniculis, vel ex laeronihus (leeruns) ; cujns urla (penvle) sit ex sahilino, dr." Cott. MS. Titus, D. XX. with an interlinear Frencli gloss. This kind of fur is mentioned Vjy John de Garlandia, in his Dictionary, among the more costly kinds : " Pelliparii

Neccham, in his treatise de nominihus utensiliiim, writes " Caraisia sindonis, vel serici, vel hissi, materiam costume
sit

nula (pane) mantelli

carius vendunt cisiinuni (al. scbnum) et urlas de sahelUno ; " upon which the following gloss is given, " cisimns est illud quod dicitur Gallice vare, et gns.'''' Docum. Inedits, The esteem in which it was held appears- from M. Paris sous Philip le Bel, App. 591. Paris, who states in his account of the honorable reception of the Tartar envoys by

Innocent IV. A.D. 1248, " dedit eis vestes 'pretiosissiraa.'<, qwis rohas vulgariter appellamus, de escarleto prceelecto, cum peaulis et fururiis cle p^Mihus variis cisimorum.''' It is not easy to ascertain with precision what is the animal that supplied this fur ; it appears to be described by Gesner as the Mzts Ponticus, or Venetus, commonly called variiis, and the fur of whieh was termed by the Germans Grauwerck. The terms gris and vair seem, indeed, to be frequcntly used as synonymous, but many authorities niay be cited from which a distinction is apparent. Much curious information on tliis subject, and on the use of costly furs in general, has been given by Ducange, in the first dissertation

appended to Joinville. Chaucer describes the sleeve of the monk as " purfiled at the hond with gris " of the finest quality. Cant. Tales, Prol. 194. Mention occurs of " grey and grys " in Vis. of P. Ploughman, 10,065. See Jamieson, v. Griece. In the Invent. of the Wardrobe of Hen. V. taken 1423, are enumerated various garmcnts "furrcz de
cristigrey
;

" probably a variety of

<jris.

212

PROMPTORIUM PAnVULORUJr.
Cniticula, craticuci-atis.

Grydyryne.
Inm, CATH.

(Grymnesse,

or or

stornesse,

k.

stoorenesse, p. Austeritas, r-igor.)

Insertor.

Gryefare,

or graffare.

Grymxesse,
Horror,

horrybylnesse.

Gry'ffe, or graffe.i

Svrculus.
Insero.

horribilitas.

Gryffyn', or graffjn'.

GrYNDYN'.

Molo, CATH.
of a mylle.
or or

Gryffyxge, or

graffyiige.

In(jrifes,

Grykdynge

Mola-

sercio, insertura.

tvra, multura, ug.

Gryffowx,
C. F.

beest."

Grifo,

Gryndykgstone,
Molaris, UG.

myllestone.

(Gryx, infi^a in grym.)^ Grym, or sterne (storre,

H. P.)

Gryndyxgstone,
k. stoore,

giynstone.

Austervs, rigidus.

Mola, cath. Grype, byrde

Vultur.

Grym,

gryl,

and

laorrvble.

Hor-

Gryppe,

ridus, horrihilis.

a grypjiel, where Avatur rennythe a-wayin a londe,

or

' An engrafted scion is called in Norfolk a greft, or grift, according to Forby, who " Graf.e, or grjffe of a tree, ente. proposes as an etymon Ang.-Sax. ^rffift, (/^j^iVe. I gryffe a gryffe, ^e t/i^t." palsg. ^ Tliis fabulous animal is particularly described by Sir John Maundevile, in his account " In that contree ben many griffounes, more plentee than in ony other of Bacharie. contree. Sum men seyn that tliei han the body upward as an eagle, and benetlie as a But o griffoun hathe the lyoune, and treuly thei seyn sothe that thei ben of that sehapp. bodjfcmore gret, aiid is more strong thanne viij. lyouns, of suclie lyouns as ben o this half, and more gret and strongere tlian an c. egles, suche as we han amonges us." He further states that agriffin would bear to its nest a horse, or a couple of oxen yoked to the plough; its talons being like hurns of great oxen, and serving as drinking cups; and of the ribs and wing feathers strong bows were made. See p. 325. Casley observes that in the Cotton Library there was sueh a cup, 4 ft. in length, silver-hooped, and inscribed " Grijjhi 'unguis dico Cuthherto Duriclmensi sacer ; '' anothcr curiously mounted as a standing cup, on an eagle's leg of silver, is still preserved in the cabinet of antiquities at Paris, in the King's Library, having been brought, at the Revolution, wiih the spoils of the treasury of St. Denis. A curious account of it is givcn by Doublet, in his history of that abbey, Froni an ancient M.S. Invent. of the treasury of Bayeux Cathedral, it appears p. 343. tliat three such talons were there preserved, and on solemn occasions appended to the altar, as precious rarities. A " co7-ne de (jriffoun " is mentioned in the Kalend. of Exch. iii. 176. The egg was likewise preserved as a valuable curiosity, and used as a goblet; " Item, j see the lists of the jevvels and plate of Edw. III. 133S, ibid. pp. 171, 172. The gritfiu was assumed by the Le Off de griffon garais d'argent, od pie et coctrcle." Despenser family, and the upper part appears as the crest on the helm of Hugh le Another strikingly Despenser, who died 1349, oxhibited on his tomb at Tewkesbury. designed representation of this curious animal is seen at Warwick, at the feet of Richard Beauehamp, who died 1439. ^ R. Brunne uses this word in the sense cf stern, or cruel. He says of Rufus,

" To riche men was he

It is

grille, of

pouer held no tales."

Langton, Chron. p. 92.

;

thus used by Chaucer. See also Amis and Amiloun, 1275, 1802 Towneley Myst. Janueson, v. Grylle. p. 137; Covent. Myst. p. 230; Reliqu. Ant. ii. 166 * " A gripe, griphes, vultur.'^ Cath. a.ng. This obsolete appeilation of the vulture has been derived from Ang.-Sax. gripan, rapere, but more probably from the Lat. gryps, or the French. " Grype, a beest, egripe." palsg. It must, however, be observed
;

PROMPTORIUM PAUVULORUM,
or watur forowe (a grippull, p.)^

21S
Ilorridus, terrihilis.

Grysyl.
lago.

Aratiuncula, cath. ug.

iii

aro

Grystylle
Grocere,

of the uosc.

Carti-

(^aquayium, K. aqiiariiun, p.) Grypyn. Comprimo, rimolo, cath.

{involo, p.)2

marchawnte,^

Gros-

sarius, assecla, c. f. sejilesarius.

Constrictio,

Grypynge
ojjer

wythe fe hande, or
com-

lyke.

pressio, (striccio, p.)

that the giype

(Grome, s. p.) Gromus. Gromaly, herbe (gronaely Milium solis. K. p.)^'

sede,

griffon are frequently confounded. " Gripho, nomen avis, a grype. genus animalis, a grype. Vnltur est avis maffna et rapax : ut dicunt, " Vaidtour, a vulture, geire, de aere et nou de coucwhiiu concipit, a grype." ortus. Holinslied says in gripe, or grap ; a ravenous bird. Griffon, a gripe or griffon." cotg. the Hist. of the Conquest of Ireland, B, ii. c. 18, that the " griph or geire is a kind of feagle, but sueh as is ravenous, and feedeth more vpon earren than upon anie foule of his owne preieng and for liis cowardnesse carieth neither tlie name nor praise apperteining The egg of the grype, frequently mentioned as a rarity much valued, to tlie true eagle." and used as a drinliing-cup, is probably to be referred to tlie fabulous animal, the griffon, and may have been merely the egg of the ostrich. Gower relates that Albinus kept the skuli of Germund, which was fashioned as a goblet,

and the

G-rijihes vel <jri'pe,

"

And

polysshed was eke so clene, That no sygne of the sculle was sene, But, as it were, a grype's eye." Conf.

Am.

lib. i.

" Item, un cou-pefait ^''un gripesei garnisez d'argent endorrez, stcant sur un pee de iijkenettes, et le coverlcel enaymellez dedeim et dehors ove ij. kenetts, pois ij. Ih. vj. unc. di.^ In the sauie inventory are named List of crown jewels, &c. delivered 1 Hen, IV. 1399. six " /ia?ici/)," or drinking cups called " gryppeshey." Kalend. of E.xch. iii. 319, 330. In the will of William Gascoigne, Lord Chief Justice, dated 1419, is mentioned " ciphv.s, In the vocalus a gryp ey, ligatus cuni argento, et deaurato." Testam. Ebor. i. 303. Invent. of Fountains Abbey, taken at the dissolution, and given by Burton, occurs the itera, " A grype schill, with a covering gilt, 27 oz.'' ' ^^ Aratiuncula, The term grype occurs fossa ^Mrva que iastar stdci aratur.'''' CATH. in an award, dated 1424, relating to the bounds of lands of the Prior of Bodmin, as " The bounde that comyth thurgh the doune goyng don to another stone follovvs stondynge of olde tynie in the bank of a grype,--and so the diclie (called Kenediche) and This word is still used the gripe, &c." Mon, Ang. new ed. from Harl. Cart. 57 A. 35. in Susse.x, and many parts of England. In Norfolk, Forby states that a trench, not amounting to a ditch, is called a grup; if narrower still, a grip; and if extremely narrow, a gripple. See Ray, Brockett, Craven Dial. and Jamieson. A.-S. grep, sulcus. The Winch, MS. agrees here in giving rimolo, a word not found in the Catholicon. Involo is there rendered " in vold ali<uid continere, a vola, <juod esi media pars manus.'''' * Marchanwte, MS, The original meaning of the terni grocer is defined in the stat. 37 Edw. III. 1363, respccting " Marchauntz nomez grossers," so ealled because they " engrosseni totes maners des marchandi^ses vendahles,'" and kept them back in order to In the foUowing century thty were sell at an improved price. Stat, of Realm, i, 379, established as a distinct trade see the " Incorporatio Groceriorum Lond.'''' Pat. 7 Hen. VI. and another patent in the year following, "^jro custod' misterce Grocerice.'''' Before the early part of the XVIth cent. their dealings seem to have become limited to grocery, thus Palsgrave gives " grocer, r/rowir, cs/jicier." Seplassarius is as now understood See Ducange, explained as meaning " rugoiiator, qui multa vemindai." * " Grumelle, militim, gramen solis.'''' caxh. ang. The common gromwell, or gi-ey
:

'^

214
Gronge,

PROMPTORIOI PARVrLORUM.

or graiige, place. Gi^angia (f/rancia, P.) Groyne of a swyne (grony, k. h. p. groney, s. grony, or growjnjnge

Gronynge
mitus.

of seke

menn.

Ge-

Groyni^nge of swyne (gronyinge,

p.)2

Grunnitus.
or grutchpige (gro3fv)-7nur.
felyii'

lyke a swyne, harl. ixs. 2274. )i porcinum, scroplia jRostrmn porcina, kylw. Grony, niagry, infra in M. Gerao. Gronyn', as seke menn.

Gronyynge,
ching, k.)

Gropyn', or Palpo.

wytlie hande.^

(Groxyyn, or

grocli3'n, k.

gronen

Gropynge. Palpacio. (Gropys of corne, supra

CRAPPE.)^

in

Mummro.) or grutclien, p. Gronyx', or gnitchyii priuely, quod dicitur (to byd, p.) ]>e
Mucio, dyvelys pater noster. CATH. 7nusso, UG. in rnugio.

Groson, or

grocyii'
s.)
all,

vp, or

take

mony
Grote
of

(grete,

thyngys to-

gedur(or take

mony.

p.) Ingrosso. Grossus.

Lithospcrmum officinale, Linn. was formerly esteemed as a remedy for the stone, and other diseases according to the observations of Gerard, Parkinson, Langham, and Tusser enumerates " gromwell seed, for the stone," among herbs which similar writers. ought to be found in the farmer^s garden. See March's Abstract. See also a treatise on the virtues of plants, written in the XVth cent. Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 76, b. where
millet,
;

" Gmnum solis ys an lierbe Jiat me clepy}? gromel, or the following description is given ly^ewale tliys herbe ha)? leuys ^at be euelong, and a lytyl white flour, and he haj) whyte seede ischape as a ston that me clepy)' a margery perl." Cotgrave gives " Greniil, grenil, the hearb gromill, grummell, or graymill, peare-plant, lichewall;" and Uihospernmra is thus rendered by Elyot " an herb which hath sedes like stones, and groweth in corn, some do suppose it to be grummell." The word is derived by Skinner " (/i-a/iis, c.
: ;

lupideis, qiice
'

pro semihHius habet,

says, in

q.

('.

ffrauile.''''

the Persone'3 Tale, that " the Proverbe of Solomon likeneth a faire woman that is a fool of hire body, to a ring of gold that is worne in the groine of a sowe." See also the Towneley Mysteries, p. 89. In Norfolk, according to Forby, a hog's snout Compare the Craven Glossary, v. Groon, and Brockett, v. Groin. is called the grunny. " Groyne of a sw^ne, groyng.'''' palsg. Skinner derives this word from Fr. " Groin de Bp. Kennett gives "grun, the upper lip of a beast, porceu/a, the snowt of a hog." COTG. Bor. Island. gron, hovis lahrurrt sujHrius." Lansd. MS. 1033.

Chaucer

See the note on grcnton', as swyne, hereafter. " Falpo,i. manibits contrectare, to groope. Pal^ialis, gTopeahle." med. " Thise curates ben so negligent and slow To gropen tendrely a conscienee." Sompnoure's Tale.

He gropeth unclenly (conirectat) children and maydens." horm. " I grope a thyng I grope, as one dothe the wall or place that I do nat se, or proue a thynge, ie ta.ste. whan he gothe darkelyng, ie vas a taston." palsg. " Tastonner, to feel, grope, touch, Thomas, in his search, feele all over." COTG. Fouiller, to grope, handle, stroke.
"
Italian
*

Grammar,

gives " tentone, gropyngly, as he that goeth in the derke."

Ang.-Sax.

gropian, italpare.
possibly corrupt.

The word gropys is given as it is frequently found in the MS.; but the reading is The Winchester MS. instead of crappe, or gropys, givcs crap, or
" Acus,
chaffe, or craps."

crappis of corn'.

med. ms.

ca.nt.

PROJirTORIUM PARVULORUM.

215

Groton,
K.)

or ingroton

wythe mete

or clrynke(grotyyn,or ingrotyyn,

Ingurgito.
lytyl

eld, idem quod growe AGYD, supra (growe olde, p.) Growe grene, idem quod grenyn,
supixt.

Growe

Grove,
c. F.

wode.

Lucus,

Growelle

or grewelle.i Ligumen, puls, farinacium, c. f. UG. in farratum, frango, grumus, gruellum, comm.

Growne harde. Tnduresco. cath. Growe nesche. Mollesco. Growe olde, as clothys or ojjer
thyngys lyke, pat weryii' (weryt, K.) Veterasco, cath. Growe reede. Rubesco. Growe sowyr, or sowryfi'.
Acesco.

grovelyngys, or Suppine {resupine, s.) Grovelynge, nom. Supjnnus

adv.^
(j-esupinus, s.)

Grovelynge,

Growyn',

or waxyiT. CATH. orior, UG. Growyn agyd. Seneo. Growe blynde, or lame.

Cresco,

Growe ballyd. Calvesco. Growe blake. Nigresco. Growe bryghte, or clere.

resco.

(wod, woode, or madde, or oothe, s.) Furesco. Grow^e yonge. Juvenesco. (Growe wylde, p. Indomesco.)
K.

Growe whyte. Alhesco. Growe wood, or ma(d)de

Growynge,
Cla-

or

waxynge

(or

spryngynge, infra.) Crescencia.

Grownde.3

Fundum.

" Puls est cihus ex aqua et farind factus ; dicitur a pello, quia pellit infirmitatem, ' " Grewelle, ^;<&. Growelle, uhi potage." cath. Anglice, gruell or pappe." ortus. ANG. " Grus, gruell, or water wherein any eorne is boiled, corne-broth. Orgee, barly gruell." COTG. In Huloet'a Dictionary the term is applied to food that is not farina" Grewell, Olus, pulmentum, zomas. Grewell, forcet, or stewed broth, offdla, eeous.
offula."

In Norfolk and Suffolk the phrase " to lie grubblins," or with the face downwards, in use. See Forby and Moore see also Jamieson, v. Grufeling. " Grufelynge, siipimis. To make grufelynge, snpinare.''' cath. ang. " Grouelyng, couche a dens.''' PALSG. In the Towneley Mysteries, where Isaac, about to be sacrificed, quakes for fear of the bright sword that was held over him, Abraham speaks thus:
*

is still

" Therfor groflynges thou shalle be layde, Then when I stryke thou shalle not see." p. 40. Horman says that " a full stomacke is digest with watche, and slepynge grouelynge {prond in faciem dormiiione.)" Dr. Turner, in his Herbal, directs that date-stones should be planted " groveling." In the Romance of Kyng Alis, the word " wombelyng " occurs in a like signification, line 5647. Chaucer uses " groff " repeatedly in
the sense of prostrate.

" And
^

groff he fell all platte

upon the ground."

Prioresse's T. 13,605.

grunde, fundameiitum, fundus, grunda, gmndatoriwn." cath. ang. The word ground has in the old writers the sense of the bottom. of anything, as the deep or Ar\g.-Sa.x. gvund,funJ7is. Gower uses the expression " a groundless pit," and abyss. in the Golden Legend it is related that seven devils were scnt to burn the ship in which the relics of St. Stephen were translated, " but the aungell of our Lorde plunged thera

"

216

PR0MPT0RIU3I PARVULORUM.

Gro-r-xde, or flore. Area. GB.ovrsv>E of bTggT(n)ge, or fun-

(growndynge

sop2:>is

off lycure

damcnt

(of a bvldjng, s.)

Fun-

d(a7ientiim,

fundus,

c. f.

Grownydyd
ed, p.)

(growi:idid,

K.ground-

HARL. :iis. 2274, grownd sope, s. grounsop, v.y Fex, sedimen. Growpe, where beestys, as nete, standyii (grovpe of netys stal,
K. gi-oupe of a netys stall, h. p.)2 Musitatorium, kylw. bozetaria, VG. V. {musatorium, k. h. mus-

Fundatus.
or
sett

Growndys', Fundo.

a grownde.

Growyndyn'
Tritus,

yn
s.

(growndyn, k.
pinsus,

mortere a gronnden, p.) cath. pilatus,

Molitus,
lycoure

satorium, p. suffusorium, s.)

Growpe, yn aboorde./?icasfra^wra. Growpyd, as boordys, or ojjer

pyiigys.

CATH.

Incastratus.

Growxdyx yn
Growicdesope

a mjlle.

Growpyx' wythe an

multuS, CATH.
of

any

yryn, as gi-aTowiys.3 Runco, cath. in runcina (i)icastro, k. p.)

Hence it also signifies the lowest (the devils) downe in to the grounde of the see." Robert Brunne speaks of " be groundwalle hik " of part of a building, tlie foundation. Berwick Castle (Langt. Chron. p. 210.); and in the contract for building Fotheringhay Church, A.D. 1435, the foundations are termed " the ground-werk." Mon. Ang. iii. Sir Jolin Maundevile gives the Greek inscription which was seen on the rock whereon the cross of the Saviour had been set, thus rendered : " Quod vidcs est fundameiitum (f3a(ng) totius fidei hv.jus vivndi, that is to seye, that thou seest is ground of alle the
Palsgrave gives " grounde, the botome of a foundation of fevthe of this world." p. 92, any thyng,/oKfZ<i"oH.." " Grounde soppe in lycoure, pain trcmpe. Groundes, lyse of any lycour, lie.'''' PALSG. The term appears to imply a sop or sippet, by which the dregs, still called.
'

the grounds,
*

may be soaked

up.

in Norfolk a trencb, narrower than a ditch, as bas been In the North the term retains the signitiobserved in the note on the vvord gryppe. See Brockett, Craven Glos.?ary, and Jamieson. Bp. cation assigned to it above. Kennett likewise notes this use of the word "groop, or grupe, a ditch or trench, esBor." Lansd. pecially that wliich runs across the length of the byer, or cow-house MS. 10-3.3. Skinner suggests the derivation from Ang.-Sax. groepe, lairina, scnbs. " Minsorium, a grope." ORTUS. " Gouldman, grupe, mi)isorivm.'" cath. ang. in his Dictionary, 1664, gives " a groope in stables and houses, minthoi-iti.m,^'' from " minthos, dung or ordure." elyot. Mii'6oe, stercus. Ugucio gives the same explanation which is found in the Catholicon, " minsatorium, locus ad mingendum, quod

grup or groop

signifies

The reading of the Winchester MS. agrees with that of the Harl. text, but the word appears to require correction. " Runco, to grope. Runcina, a wedehoke, and a gropynge Rtinco, a gropere. " Runcina cst quoddam a7iificium fahri lig^iani gracile et yrone." med. ms. cant. alteri connectatur ; Anglice, a gryppynge yron." recur-vum, qv.o cavautur talule, ut una " A grupyngeyrene, runcina.'" cath. ang. This implement, which, as it ORTUS. has been observed in tne note on the word formowre, was probably similar to what " and used to is now termed a gouge, called by Palsgrave " formour or grublyng yron form grooves or incisions. Ang.-Sax. graep, sulcus. Palsgrave gives the verb "I grow^e, (Lydgate) sculpe, or suche as coulde graue, groupe, or carue this word is nat vsed iu
recipit uriiiam."
musitaforiiiiii,
^
; :

comen

spetche."

riiOMPTOUlUM PARVULOHUM.

217

Gkowpynge. Grow(p)ynge

Incastracio,

c. f.

or gravyiige yiyn'

(growpinge yron, k. p.) Runcina, CATH. scrophina, cath,

(Grubbynge yryn of gravowrys, supra in formowre, et in grow(p)ynge yryn'.) Grudgynge of sckeuesse. Sub-

Growte for ale.i Grubbare in fe

Granoinellum.
erthe, or ojjer

Grutchare

thjTiggys (grovbhire, h. growblar, p.) Fossor, confossor, fossatrix.

viurmur, cath. (gruchar, k.) murator, mimnuratrix.

3Iur-

Grutchyd. Murmuratus. Grotchynge. Murmuracio, murmur, CATH.

Grubbyn' yn the
CATH.
et c. F,

erthe.

Fodico,

Grutchon (gruchyn,
muro.

k.)"

Mur-

Grubynge
linge, p.)
'

(grublyng, h. growbConfossio.

Gruntare.

Grunnitor.

In the Ortus agromelluw and granomellzim are rendered " growte ;" and idromelhim " Growte, itZroexplained thus " potus ex aqua et melle, Anglick mede or gi-owte." mellum, agromellum, acromellum, graiiomellum.'''' cath. a\g. This term properly implies ground malt, or the first infusion preparatory to brewing, which is thus distinguished in " Vf orif:, siromellum, sed groifite dicas ugromeLlum.^'' Ang.-Sax. Harl. MS. 1002, f. 114. In medieval Latin it was called grutum, or grudum ; ^mt,f('r, condimerdum cerevisite. see in Rokewode's Hist. Sutf. pp. 31, 32, a document in which raention occurs of grudian In old Frencli raalt was called gvu, or grust, according to Roquefurt ordei. but Palsgrave gives the word " grout that serueth to brewyng, in Fraunce there is none vsed." Gr. de Bibelesworth, vvho wrote in the reign of Edw. I. gives a curious account of the mode of brewing, in which " grout " occurs as a gloss on the word ^' 6ert2e," whicli is not found in the glossaries, and may possibly be a barbarous conipound of bere, a drink, or ber, barley, a.nA zithum, which, according to Borel, was the Gauiish appellation of lieer. The term grout is not used in the detailed account of brewing given by Harrisou in the description of England, B. ii. c. 6, Holinsh. i. 169. In the North, according to Coles, Ray, and the Craven Cxlossary, grout signifies wort of the last running. Bp. Kennett gives the following note " Grout, growt in Leicestershire the liquor with raalt infused for ale and beer, before it is fully boiled, is called grout, and before it is tunned up in the Ang.-Sax. Srut, nova cervisia. vessel, is called wyrt, or wort. They have in the AVest a thick sort of ale, which they call grout-ale, and it is in most places a common proverb, as Kilian, grauwt, condimentum cerevisice.'''' Lansd. MS. 1033. thick a-s growt. The terin was not, pcrhaps, exclusively confined to denote farinaceous mixtures for the purpose of brewing ; thus land in Addington, Surrey, was held by the serjeanty of making in an earthem pot in the royal kitchen, on the day of coronation, a mess called " diligrout,"" .is stated by Blount, in his Jocular Tenures, p. 50. In the Plac. Cor. 39 Hen. III. '^ " mauit is called le mess de gyron," or, if compounded with fat, it was termed pigi/rnun." ^ In the Wicliffite version the following use of this verb is found, Jos. x. 21 " No
is
: ;
:

hardi to grucche (e]>er to make pryuy noise, mutire, Vulg.) a^enus }>e sones of Israel." Sir John Maundevile speaks of " the weile that Moyses made witli his hond in the desertcs, when the people grucched, for thei fownden no thing to drynke." It is said in the Golden Legeml, that " when the herte is full of grace, hym oughte not In the Vision of Piers P. and Chaucer's Works, the word grutchc by impacyence." "^ Fremeo, i, murmurare, to grudge. occurs frcquentiy. Murmuro, to grutche. Su" To gruche, dedignari, 7nursurrium dicitur murmuratio, a grutchynge." OUTUS.

man was

CAMI). SOC.

2 F

218.

rROMPTOlUUM PARVULORUM.

Gruntynge. Gntnnitvs. Grunton' as swync.J Grunnio. Grute, fylthe.2 Liinus. flowte, GuGAw,3 idem quod
pype, supra
in

GuMME.
CATH.

Gvmma,
et c. F. et

vel

gummi,

UG. ingutta.

(GuNNE,

F.

et

giga,

s. v.y Petraria, Dicc. et coMM. mango)iale, kylw. murusculum, c. f. gunna, et ideni

KYLW.

est

fictum (magonale, p.)

vmrare, mussare, smurrare. A grucher, svsim-o,'''' &c. cath. ang. Palsgrave gives the verb " I grutche, groudge, repyne, or murmure against a thyng ie fjrommelle, &c. I hcue a greater thruste than I was wonte, as sycke folkes that be grutched of an axes. I groudge, as one dothe y' hathe a groudgyng of the axes, ie fritoune, and ie fremis. Skinner I groyne, I grutche, or mumiure agaynst a thyng, ie grongne, ie gromraeUe." " Grwjer, to grudge, repine, mutter." COTG. would seek a derivation from the French. Grunnitus, gronynge." med. ms. cant. Ang.-Sax. Grannio, to groone, as a sowe. grunnan, (jrv.niure. Hornian says that " swyne wode for loue groyneth {suhnnt) and let Compare groynynge of swyne, above. Palspasse from them a poyson called aprine." grave gives tlie verb " I grunte, as a horse dothe whan he is spored, or as any beest dothe whan he complayneth, ie groigne, and ie gronce, expressed in I giudge." ^ GURTE, MS. In all tlae other MSS. as likewise in the printed editions, the word grut is given, wliieh seeras to be the correct reading, as ajjpears also by its place iu alphabetical Ang.-Sax. greot, pulcis. order.
; '

" The toun dykes on every syde, They wer depe, and ful wyde, Full of grut, no man myghte swymme."
'

R. Coer de Lion, 4339.

Various etymologies have been proposed of the word giigaw, in its ordinary sense ; " Crejniiidic-, toyes or gugawes for children, as rattles, clappers, &c. Junius, by Higins. "iJ((i('o?e,atrifle, whim-wham,gugaw,orsmaIItoy forachildtoplay withall." cotg. Skinner suggests Ang.-Saxon gejaf, nvga', or heawgas. simulaehra, or the French word jo)/au, but gogut or gogai.Ue seems more nearly to resemble it, and signifies, according to Roquefort, " hagatelle, 'plaisanterie. Gogoytr, se rejouir," &c. It would, however, seem that the word is here given as synonyraous with flute, and the inquiry suggests itself whether it had originally denoted some musical instrument, and thence been used in a more general sigAccording to Roquefort there was a wind instiument called gigve, and this nification. statement corresponds with the obseivation of Ferrari, that giga. Ital. may be derived fron\

yiypaQ, a kind of flute. It i,s singular that, according to Brockett and Jamieson, a Jew's harp is called in X. Britain a gewgaw, but in tliat instance, as likewise here. in the Promptorium, it seems probable tliat the word is used merely in reference to that with which
idle disport
*

may be

taken, like

trifles in

childhood.

gunne, fundihalum, murv^cv.lum. A gunner, fundibalarius, fundihalisla." cath. ang. written A.D, 1483. The difficulty of ascertaining with precision the period of the introduction of engines from which missiles were propelled by means of gunpowder arises chiefly from the circuinstance, to which allusion is made by Selden, that the terni gun, supposed by Somner to be merely a contraction of mango, or mangona, may have been used to denote some engine of war, long before the application of gunpowder to such purpose. Mr. Douce observes that the earliest mention of " gonnes " is found in the Romance of Kyng Alisaunder, line 3268 but in his note on that passage he says that it must not be concluded that they were used with powder, as originally they might have heen engines of the catapult kind. Weber, Metr. Rom. iii. 30(3. The same remark applics to the account of the siege sustained by Kynge Aragus, who
"
;

PROMPTORITTM PARVULORUM.

219
fysshe.

GuNNARE,

or hc ]>at swagythe a gauue. Petrarius, maiujonalius.

-" ordeyned

Gurnaud,

Gurnardus,

gallus marinus, comm.

hym

ful well

With gonnes, and grete stones rounde Were throwen downe to the grounde."

Syr Tryamoure, 955.

In the Avowynge of Kyng Arther, a " gunne " is mentioned, the effect of which is compared to liglitning, but it is still doubtful whether the term shouKl be understood to imply a projectile impelled by any ignited substance, or merely filled therewiili, " There eame fliand a gunne, lemet as the leuyn." St. 65,

And
It

edit.

by Mr. Robson.

seems very probable that the missile here intended was a tube filled with Greek fire, In several MSS. of the Practiea of John Arderne, a surgeon of eminence or fea volani. " and " ftv:es wlaiUs j''' t. Edw. III. instructions are found for compounding"_/<,'e6- (rrt^ow the latter being a linuid mixture, described as of an oily nature, with whicli a pipe being filled, and ignited by a mateh, would fly in any direction. A figure is given in the margin. He proceeds to describe "/ewe volant " of another kind. " Pernez j, li. de
soufre vif, de charlones de saux, {i. weloghe,) ij. li., de salpetre, vj. li. si lesfetez bien ei sotelment moudre sur m/i jiiere de marhre, puis bultez k j^oudre parmi/ vn sotille couerchief. Cest poudre vault a geitere pelottes de fer, ou de plorn, ou d'areyne, ov.e vn instrument qe detailed account cf passages in Vem appelle gonne." See Sloane M.SS. 335, 795. ancient documents or chronicles which throw light on this obscure subject has boen

given by Sir S. Meyrick, in his Crit. Enquiry, and a paper on the history of hand fireand likewise by Mr. Archibald, in his description of ancient arms, Archseol. xxii. artillery discovered on tlie coast of Laneashire, Archaeol. xxviii. It may here suffice to state that gunpowder was known in Western Europe about the middle of the Xlllth cent. ; and that the earliest recorded inst-ince of its use in war, in this country, appears to have been in the first expedition of Edward III. against tlie Scots, in 1'''27, when artillery, termed by Barbour " crakys of wer," was employed. See Jamieson. There can be no doubt that Chaucer uses the term "gonne," to signify an engine charged with gunpowder; as in the following comparison
; :

" Swift

as a peliet out of a
fire is in tlie

When
The Household
of

gonne, pouder ronne."

House

of

Fame, B.

iii.

by the ordinances which commenee 1344, printed by the Ant. Soc, comprised " Ingyners Ivij. Artellers vj. Cxonners vj." Their daily pay in time of war was 6(7. The invention of hand fire-arms is assigned by Sir S. Meyrick, on (Avchteol. xxii. 60) yet a prior use of the authority of Billius, to the Lucquese, in 1430 some weapons of the sort seems to be indicated. In an Inventory of the arms and etreets of Sir Simon Burley, taken apparently after his exeeution, 1338, and now in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, among "p<i<e ckoses a Baynard Castell," is na:ned " j. In the Pell Records, 1 Hen. IV. 1400, payments appear for petit gonne de feer.'" " quarell gunnes," at 7.S. each; for saltpetre, sulphur, and wadding and the coutemporary evidence of Monstrelet shews that " hastons a feu " were among the arms of the
III. as appears
; ;

Edw.

Hand-guns are named among English sent to the relief of the siege of Orleans, in 142S. purehases for the defence of Holy Island, 1446; and were used at the siege of Caistor, In the version of Vegecius attributed to in Norfolk, about 1459. Paston Lett. iv. 316. Trevisa, and compIeCed 1408, in the account of military engines, allusion is made to " grete gonnes that shete novv a daics stones of so grcte peyse that no walle niay withstondo thera as hathe bc wele shewedc bothe in tho Northe cuntre, and eke in the wcrrcs of Wales." B. IV. c. 22, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII.
;

220

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

GuTTE, or tharme. ViscuSj sumen.

Gctton'.
Exentei'0.

Hachet,

or

hakchyp.

Securi-

Cula, CATH.

Haburyone,

hawberk (haburion, K. p. haburgpi, s. haburiune, harl. ms. 2274. )i Loor

rica.
j

Haddok, fysche. Morius, kylw. Hagas, puddjnge (hakkys, pudTudyugYS, s. hageys, h.)Haye, uet
cetmn, vg. in tundo. to catche conys vrythe

' The term habergeon appears properly to be a diminutive of hawberk, although here given as synonymous. "Wace, in his Roman de Rou, written about 1160, describes the Con(jueror as armed, at the battle of Hastings, with a " loot liavhcH ;" but Odo, his half-brother, Bishop of Bayeux, who could not decorously assume the complete military equipment, and rode with a staff merely to stimulate the combatants, provided himself with this partial defence,

" U)i hatcbergeon avoit

vestu,

De
The precept

sor v.ne chemise hhuiche.''''

T.

ii.

220, edit. by Pluquet.

of Randolph III., Earl of Chester, to his barons, about the close of the Xlllth cent. requires tliat tbeir knights and free tenants should have " loricas, et haul/ert/ella;" and the ordinance of Hen. III. 1252, " super jtwatis ad aTina,'' directs that every man, aecording to the rate of his land and ehattels, should arm himself either

jmnctum.

with the lorica, the ha.heryetum, called also in this document hauhercvs, or the perThe stat. of Winchester, 13 Edw. I. 1285, makes the same distinction between the ha^i.hert)\ hauhergeon, and 'pariioint, to be used by the three classes respectively, according to their assessment. Stat. of Realm, i. 97. From these authorities it is evident that the habergeon was a defenee of an inferior deseription to the hawberk; and when tlie introduction of plate armour in the reign of Edw. III. had supplied more convenient and eftectuai defences for the legs and thighs, the long skirt of the hawberk became superfluous; from that period the habergeon alone seems to have been worn. This, in its tum, being superseded by the cuirass, was reduced to the mere apron of mail but at the time when the Promptorium was compiled, the expensive nature of plate amiour caused its use to be restricted, and combatants of the lower classes were content to arm themselves with the brigandine, or the habergeon. The value of three " hauburiounes," in 1374, was 13 marks see Invent. of Edward de Appelby, Sloane Cart. xxxi. 2. Milan was celebrated for the manufactui-e of this defence: in a document dated 33 Hen. VI. relating to armour delivered out of the Tower, are mentioned " haberg^ons, some of Meleyn, and some of Westewale," that is, probably, Westphalia, or the Westerwald, where the iron-works of Solingen have long been in repute. Archseol. xvi. 125. In the Inventory of Sir John FastoIfe's armoury, 1159, are likewise found " iij. harburyones of r^lilayne." Archwol. xxi. 271 In the Wicliffite version Goliath is said to have liad " a brasun basynet on his heed, and he was clo}>id wi|? an haburion hokid (eher " He shal cloj^e rijtfulnesse for an haburioun (^j/o mailid, lorica squamala,"' \v\g.) " Bilix, thorace, Vulg.) and he shal take certeyn doom for a basynet." Sapiens, v, 15.
;
:

hawbergion ; ita trilix, Pancenum est " An haberion, lorica; hec trilex est lorica ex trihis {iiciis'^ an haberyon." ORTVS. " Haulbergyn of mayle, aAdhergon, haulherion.''' palsg. confecta.''' cath. a.ng. See Ducange, v. Ilalihcrgo ; and Jamieson, v. AwbyrchowTie. - This dish, now considered as ahnost exclusively a Northern delicacy, seems to have been anciently in more general esteem. A curious metrical recipe is fouud in the Liher " Omastis, i. tripa vel ventriculus qui continet C?'e cocorMjft, Sloane MS. 198G, f. 103. alia visccra, a trype, or a podynge, or a wesaunt, or hagges. Tucetuni, hagas; tucehagas maker." ouTUs. ieri'us, '' Haggas, a podyiig, caliette de mouton..'" palsg.
lorica que contexiiur duohus liciis acaimulatis, a
lorica,

ruojirTouiUM pakvulorum.
(hay uet,
C. F. p.

221
vel

hanct,

w.y

Cassis.
c. f.

Ruhea
et

{sic)

rubia

minor,

major dicitur madyr.

Hayyn'

for conyys.

Cassio,

in cassis.

Hayl. Grando. Haylyn'. Grandinat.

Hayyr, or hayre.3 Cilicium. Hayht, harry.^ Hakeney, horse. Bajulus, equiferus.

Hayryf,

herbe

(harryyf,

p.)"^

Hakkyn'.

Sectido.

" Gorjm, a slieep'3 paunch, and theuce, a haggas made of good herbs, chopt lard, spices, eggs, and cheese." cotg. " Tucctum, a meate made with chopped fleshe, lyke to a gygot, or alowe." elyot. See Jamieson, and Dr. Hunter^s Cidina famulatrix Medicina;. ' Forby explains hay-net as signifying in Norfolk " a hedge net, a long low net, to prevent hares or rabbits from escaping to covert, in or through hedges." See also Moore. In a lease dated 1572, in the raanor of Hawsted, Suffolk, the landlord reserves the right of " hawking, haying," &c. that is, rabbit-netting. Cullum's Hawsted, p. 198. " Haye, a net for eonnes, bourcettes d chasser.'"' palsg. " Tendere j^lwjas. to pytche " Toiles, toils, or hayes, or nettes. Casses, nets which may be called haies." elyot. a hay to inclose or intangle wild beasts in. Pan, a toyle or hay wherewith wild beasts are caught." coTG. The word is doubtless derived from Ang.-Sax. hMj, or hese, septum. In the edition of the Ortus in Mr. Wilbraham's library, ckmsura is rendered " a closse, or a heye." Haye oecurs elsewhere in the sense of an enclosure; thus in the gloss on the " liher vccalus equus,'"' called in the Promptorium " Distigius," written by John de Garlandia, occurs " Cimiterium, chyrche-haye.'' Harl. MS. 1002. In the Golden Legend it is said, " he had foule way thorugh hayes and hedges, woodes, stones, hylles and valeys." f. 68, b. ^ " Harife, ruhium minor, herha est." cath. ang. The Galium aparine is called in the North, according to Ray, " Hariff and catchweed, goose-grease;" according to Parkinson it was reckoned by the old botanists as a kind of madder ; but he does not give the name hayryf, which is probably derived from the asperity of its stalks. In some places it is called hairough. Palsgrave gives " haylife, an herbe." * " Cilicium, velarnen facturn de ^nlis caprarura, Anglice, a heere." ORTUS. " An " Hayre for partite men, hoyre.''' palsg. haire, ciiiciuni." cath. ang.

" Hastily J^ei hent hem on heijresse ful rowc, Next here bare bodi, and bare fot }>ei went."
Will. and

Werw.

p. 172.

In the version of Vegecius is a description cf the military engine called the " snayle or welke {testudo), a frame of goode tymber, shaped square, keuerede and hillede alle a-boute w^the rawe hides, or with feltes, and heyres, for drede of brynnyng." Koy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. 105. Among the trades, in the order of the pageants of the Play of Corpus Christi, at York, 1415, " hayresters " are mentioned. Drake, App. In the Golden Legend the term hayre is of frequent occurrence, signifying a garment of mortification. St. Thomas clothed himself with au " hard heyre, fuU of knottcs, whiche was And again, during grievous pestilence, his sherte, and his breche was of the same." " they couered the crosse and the auters vvith blyssed hayres and tlius we sholde take on In medieval Latiii a shaggy garment was termed haira, vs clothyng of penaunce.'' aceording to Ducange. Ang.-Sax. hajra, cilicium. * Chaucer describes a cart that had stuck in a deep way,
;

" The

carter smote,
!

and cryde
!

Heit Scot

Heit Brok

as he were wode, what, spare ye for the nones ?"

Frere's Tale.

In the Eastern counties, according to Forby and Moore, tho ejaculation

Ilait-wo

or

222

PnOMPTORITTM PARVTTLORrr-M.

Hakkyxge, or hewYnge. Sectio. Hake, fysclie. Squilla, glossd

Merarii.

Half

a buschel, or eytendele (half

Satttm,

or a bowndel, boshel, or ethyndel, s. or tynt, h. p.)2

Hale,
Hale,

or tente.^
et c. F.

Pajnlio, scena,

CATH.

or cyrcle a-bowte pe mone.

c. F.

CATH. UG. V. in S. Half a fei-thynge.3 Calcus, c. f. et variatur q. cum cu (q. vel

cp, s.)

Halo,

Halle. Aula, atriinn. Half, or halfundele. Dimidins,

serais.

Haly,
c. f.

or

be-hatyd.4
(halliday,
k.)

Exosus,
Festi-

Halyday
now used only to turn command which causes
to
;

and Ree is given by the a cai-t-horse to the left a movement to the right. Bp. Kennett gives " to Sax. ytinj, run idly about, Norih; Hiting, gadding abroad. hite Height nor ree, 2Hregre. In Yorkshire for Gee oo, the carters say Hite and ree. See Yorksh. Dial. neither go nor drive, spoken of a wilful person." Lansd. MS. 1033. Hayht is not found in any other MS. of the Promptorium. Harry appears to p. 58. be the imperative mood of the word harytn', which occurs subsequently or possibly Both the ejaculatioiis above given occur in the Towneley the out-cry, haro, haroll. JMystery of the death of Abel, p. 9, where Cain and his plough-boy are represented as tilling the ground, and the latter cries to the horses, " Harrer, Jlorelle, iofurthe, hyte !" Among the effects of Henry Y. were " ij. terdts de hloy carde, dr. ovec j. iwche, etj, In a letter to Sir John Paston, 7 Hen. Yll. it is said aUy.''^ 1423, Rot Parh iv. 240. respecting preparations for the expedition into France, " y^ Kyng sendythe ordynaunce dayly to y' see syde, and hys tents and alys be a makynge faste;" also that great provision was made by the gentry, who were to accompany him, " for horsharnes, tentes, halys, gardyuyens, carts,"' is-C. Past. Lett. v. 412. Among the requisites provided for the Earl of Northumberland, in the French canipaign inl5l3, at the siege of Therouenne, are named " haylles, tents, and pauilhons." Ant. Rep. iv. 364. See a!so Hali's Chron. 12 Hen. YIII. p. 618, last edit. " Hale in a fehle for men, t,-(f. Hall, a long tent in a felde, tente." Elyot gives " sce/ia, a pauyllion, or haule." The hangings of a chamber, as it has been observed in the note on the word dorcere, were termed hallings, in Latin " An hallynge, auleiria, analuiniM.''' cath. a.ng. ?tala;, alce, or aiUcea. 2 Compare eyjtyxdele, and ty.nte. Ray, Bp. Kennett, in his gloss. coll. Lansd. MS. 1033, and Grose mention another name for the same measure, in use in the North, namely, " frundele, a measure of two pecks." As it is called eyjtyndele, because it is the eighth part of a coom, so also furundel, or frundele, a corruption of furthindele, as being the fourth part of a bushel. Ang.-Sa.-i. feorSan, quarius. See Cowel's Interpr. v. FuriuiThe term " eytendele " occurs in the Hist. Eliensis, where it is recorded of AVill. dellus. de Longchamp, Bp. of Ely, who died 1197, " ordinavit vt in die anniversarii sui dentur lio.v.perihus xiij. eytendeles defnimento.''^ Angl, Sacra, i. 633. ^ " Halfe a fardynge, calcus, calculus, iniimtum.^'' cath. ang. See the notes on the word cu. Sherwood, in his Eng. French Dict. 1632, gives "a cue, la nioitie cVunfardin, rnot use seulemeat des escoliers ^''Orford." There is a proverbial saying of contempt, " I would kick him for half a farthing;" but the cue seems to have been as imaginary as the bodle, of like supposed value, and in the North familiarly mentioned as if it really existed, See Broekett, and the other North-country glossarists. * Halo, halah, or healo, signities in the Northern counties bashful, backward, or fearful. Sec Brockett, Craven, and Hallanishire Dialects. Hoatcvx, shamefull, bashfull, helo, modest," Scc. cotg. Jamieson gives htily in the scnse of proud, Ang.-Sax.
Height
!

is

latter as

up and down,

'

'''

PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM.
vitas, vel dies festivalis, festale,
verstis,

223
Isopus
est hcrba,

Isopo

v.feria. Halyn', or drawyiT.

c.

spai^gitur unda.

TraJio.

Halyvey, orbote a-^en sekencsse,

as treacle or o]>er lyke (haliwey,
K,)-

Halynge, or drawjnige. Tractus. Halywater. Aqua benedicta.

Antidotum,
or hyrne.3

cath.

scdu-

Halywater
b(s.

berere.

Aquabajuor

tiferum.

Halke,

Angulus, la(stopyll,

Haly

water

sprjiigellc,

tibulu/ii.

strencle (haliwatyr styk, k. h.)^

Halm,

or

stobyl

r.)*

Aspersoriiim, iso^ms, medid j)ro-

Stipula.

ductd ; isopus, medid correptd, Anglice ysope, herbe tinde

:

Halow, schypmannys
leuma,
c. f.

crye.^

Ce-

and the verb to heally, to abandon, or forsake, which seems to approach towards the signification of the word given above, be-hatyd. See STREMvYL, hereafter. " Halywater sprincle, uespillon, as^pergoyr.'''' palsg. 2 In La^amon, Arthur says that he would go into Avalon, to Argante the fair,
healic, excelsus,

"

for heo sculde mid haleweie helen his wunden." Vol.

ii.

p.

546, Madden's edit.

Compare the corresponding passage, vol. iii. p. 144, where it is said that she should make him whole with "haleweije drenchen." " Balsamus estarbor, Gall. haumere ; balsamum yumnd est jivedicti arhoris, Gall. Baume, Ang. haliwey." Sloane MS. 5, f. 3. " Balsa-

mum,
^

d-c.

haliwhey.'' Arund.

Tliis

word

seenis to be taken
It is

from hylca, simis.

*'

See treacle hereafter. 42, f. 93. from Ang.-Sax. heal, anr/ulas, or as Tyrwhitt proposes, used repeatedly by Chaucer.

MS.

As yonge clerkys, tliat ben likerous To reden artes tliat ben curious, Seken in every halke and every berne
Particular sciences for to lerne.'"
Fi-ankel. Tale, v. 11,433.

Bp. Kennett has the following note, Lansd. MS. 1033. " Haulm, straw left in an stubble, thatch. Sax. htclme, culmus, calamus ; Isl. halmur, palea." esh, or gratten Ray gives " haulm or helm, stubble gathered after the corn is inned." ^ " Ceteuma est clamor nauticus, vel cantus, vel heuylaw romylawe (ut heue and howe, rombylow," edit. 1518.) ortus. In the MS. of the Medulla in the Editor's possession, " heualow, rummylow." See Ritson's Dissert. on Anc. Songs, p. li.
*

" They rowede hard, and sungge ther too, AVkh heuelow and rumbcloo." Rich. C. de Lion, 2521.

" Your mariners shall synge arowe, Hey how and rumbylowe." Squyre
It
;

of lowe degree.

Cocke LoreIle's bote, &c. This cry occurs likewise in SkeIton's Bowge of Court appears not to have been exclusively nautical, for it forms the burden of a ballad on the Battle of Bannocksburn, 1314, the alternate stanzas of which, as given in Caxton's Chron. with rombilogh ; " or, as in Fabyan, " with heue a lowe terminate thus, " with heuelogh with rumbylow." " A cor et a cry, by might and maine, with heaue and hoe." cotg. Hence seems to be derived tbe surname of Stcphen Kumnielowe, Constable of Nottingham Castle, 45 Edw. III. mentioned in Issue Roll of Exch. 13G9. Compare crye of sehypmen, that ys clepyd haue hovve.

224
Halowyn',
01-

PROJIPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
cryyii' as
,

(haloweu with cry

p. )

scliypmen Celeumo.
Obolus,

Haltynge.

Claudicncio.

Halwar
H. p.)

of holy placys (hahiwar,

Cojisecrator, dcdicator.

Halpexy,
stips.

01-

halfpeny.
01-

Halware
hal(f)peny

of holydayes.

CeleFestivo,

Halpeny worthe,
litas,

brator, celebratrix.

worthe (halpworthe, k.)

Obo-

Halwyn',

holydayys.

Hals,

oblata (oboleitas, p.) or halce, throte (hols, s.)

festo, CATH. (^celebro, p.)

Halwyn' holy

placys, or holy in-

Guttur. Hals, or neldce.i plexatorium.

striimentys. Coasecro (dedico, p.)

Collum, aiahalsyd.

Halwynge
Halwynge
bracio.

of holy placys. of holydayes.

(halfundel,
p.)^

ConCele-

secracio, dedicacio.

Halsyn', or
p)lectoi\

ben
or

AmAm-

amplexor, cath.
dallynge.

Halsynge,

Halvundel
dele,
s.

k.

plexus. Halte, or crokyd.2 Claudus. Claudico. Haltyn'. clauClaudicator, Haltare. dicariiis, cath. claudicaria.

hahiedell,

hanDimi-

dium, medietas {laedium, p.)

Hame, thyn skynne

o))er

of an eye, or
s.)^'

lyke (skynne of an hay,

Membranula.

and the .verb to halse, to embrace, are used by most of the See R. Brunne, Chaucer, the Yision of P. Ploughman, &c. Ang.-Sax. Am^^lexus, a clyppynge, or a halsynge." ortus. " An halsynge, ample.rus ; to halse, ainpleoxire. An hailsynge, salutacio ; to hailse, saltitare.'''' cath. ang. " Halsyng, Halse me aboute the necke, accollee. I take one in myn armes, I halse him, lenibrasse. my sonne, and thou shalte haue a fygge, accolltz moy, &c. I haylse or greete, ie salue." to hailse occurs in this sense of saluting in the Yision of P. Ploughman, Tlie verb PALSG. See Jamieson. iSKi, 4918. " Halte, cadax, claudus. To halte, * Compare croktd, or crypylie, or lame, above.
'

The noun

halse, the neck,

early writers. hals, collum.

^'^

An halter, claudiccLrius ; dwplicccriv.s, (jui ex uircKjue fo/rte claudlclaudicare, varlcare. Instances of the use of the word " crokyd " in the sense of lame may cat." CATH. ANG. be found in Syr Gowghter, line 673 ; Sir Tryamoure, line 228. So likewise in the
" clauduni " is rendered " croliid," Matt. xviii. 8. In the version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 13 A. XII. it is said tliat " halfendele the profites {ditaidia pars) of the knyghtes sowde shulde be kept vnder the principalle baner." In a petition from the Commons, 1442, it is said respecting the appropriaB. ii. c. 19. tion of a penalty, that " the halvyndele " .should belong to the King, and the other moiety See also Awntyrs of Arthure, 625 to the party suing the offender. Rot. Parl. v. 54. Emare, 442 Yoiage of Sir John Maundevile, pp. 200, 219. Ang.edit. by Mr. Robson and doel, pars. Sax. healf, dimidium, ^ In the relation of the deception praetised upon Olympias by Neptanabus, disguised as Jupiter Ammon, it is said,
AYicliffite version
3
; ;
;

" Neptanabus his charme hath y-nonie,

And takith him haums From his scboldron, to

Tlie credulous

of a dragon,
his hele

adoun."

K. Alis. 385.

Queen having no

suspicion of deceit, the magician loaps u[)on hcr couch.

PROMPTOniUM PARVULORUM.

225
Ancilla.

Hamme.

Pophx.
hamowre,
Malleus,

Hande

maydyn'.

Hamur
Han, Han,

(hambyr, 8. HARL. Ms. 2274.)

martellus, c. f.

Handlyn', or mamdracto.

gropyiT.

Palpo,

Handsum,
Ilabeo,

or esy to

or

hav}'n'.

pos-

(esy

to

han

hond werke hand werke, s.

s.)3

sideo.

have abhomi(n)acy6n'. Abhominor, detestor. Han, or haue dysdeyne. Dedignor. mynde, k. have one in (Han mynde, s.) Hecordor, memoror, memini {inemoro^ commemoro,
or

Hand
et

hansum, r.) tablys

UG. in dico.

Manualis.
(handtabyle,

Pugillaris, cath. diptica, cath.

Hand lyme
Ciro.

(hand wyrme,

s.)*

Hange
CATH.

manne.
(or

Furcillator,

8.)

Hande. Manus. Hand barow (handbarwe,

H.)i

Hangement
k.
s.

Hande

Epiredium, kylw. cath. brede.2 Palmus. Handfulle. Manijmlus, vola,

pugillus.

ms. 2274.) pencio.

hongment, harl. Suspendium, susselfe.

Hangyn', by the
CATH.

Pendeo,
walle, or

Hangyn' a thynge on a
what Manutentum.
other
lyke.

Handyl

of an instrument,

Paido, suspendo,

so euer hyt be.

app>endo.

and throwg aside " his dragoun^s hame. Ang.-Sax. hama, cutis. " Indtivie, sloghes, or the homes of adders." med. ms. cant. Compare flaKE, above where the King'3 Coll. MS. adds the synonym hame. Eye signifies here an egg. See ey, ovum. 1 Epirhedium is in the Ortus explained to be " a whele barowe, or a rounge " but tbe vehiele here intended is without wheels, and is still used in many parts of England. Tusser includes both hand-barrow and wheel-barrow among the husbandly furniture, as detailed in September's husbandry. Among the quaint riddles entitled " the Demaundes Joyous," W. de Worde, 1511, is this " Demaunde. Whan antecryst is come in to this worlde, what thinge shall be hardest to hym to knowe ? R. A hande-barowe, for of tbat he shall not knowe whiche ende shall goo before." " Hande barowe, C('('ere." palsg. * The substantive brede of measure has occurred already. Ang.-Sax. braed, latitudo. Compare wyyd, large yn brede. " Brede or squarenesse, croisure.'' PALSG. ^ " Pinaz, a. hand table." med. ms. CANT. Pugillaris is explained in the Ortus to be " tabula manualis. Piaax, i. imgillaris, ephimeris, iabula maauaiis ex 2nn& facta.''''
; ;

according to the present term, were formerly called a pair of tables, being formed- lyke a diptych of two folding leaves; by the P^eijleuieiis sur ks arts de Paris, It is there enjoined that t. Louis IX. 1254, it appears that they were usually of wood. " cens qui font talles a escrire shall not make them of mixed materials, that is, tablea " de quoi li un fuelles soit de Iv.is, et li autre de fanne ; ni mettre avec huis autre maniere de fust, que ne soit plus chier que buis, c^est a savoir, cadre benus, bresil, et " Payre of writyng tables, tablMes.'''' cipres.'''' Documens Inidits, ed. Depping, p, 173. PALSG. * " Hande worme, CiVow." PalsG. Nicot explains it to be a little worm " engendre d'humeur acre et aduste en diuers endroits de la ^^ersonne, muis 2:>lus communement es mains, qui ronge etfait demanger ou il est concree : creredo, acarus," &c. See Cotgrave.
Tablets,
''''

CAMD. SOC.

2 G

226

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Haxgyn', or doii' Ihe offyce of an hangmann. Furcillo, suspendo,

CATH.

Happe

Hangyxge.

Suspencio.
halle.

Ha>'gyxge of an

Auleum.

Hangynge
tasma.

of a
of

chjrche.

Pe-

of badde spede (happy or bare sped, p.) Disfortunium. Happy. Fortunatus. Happy, in goodnesse. Felix, prosper, faustus, c. f. et cath. Happyly (haply, harl. ms. 2274.) Forte, forsan, fortuitu, fortassis,
fortasse.

Haxgynge

an

halle, or tente.

Velarium, vg. v. in A.

Happyn', or

betydyii'.

Contingit,
wel, k.)

Haxypere (hamper,

k.)^

Ca-

cath.

evenit.

nistrum, cartallus, cath.

Happe

weel

(happyn

Haxsale.2 Strena, cath. Happe. Fortuna, eventus, casus,

ornen, c, f.

HLvppe of good spede.

tunium. CAin.

Fiifor-

Prosperor, fortuno, evfortuno. Happyn, or betydyii' amysse. Pisjortuno, infortuno. (Uappyx, or whappjii' yu cloJ)ys, infra in lappyx.)^

" Co-phinus, h.smper." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Calatus, a basket, or a hamper, ' Cartallus is explained in the Catholicon to be the same as or a panyer." ORTUS. " Hamper, pc/iier, dosier, escrafn.'''' palsg. Compare fyschelle, above. fiscella. " Banne. lenne, a maund, liamper, flasket, or great banket. CalaAhe, a basket, pannier, The term has been supposed to be a corruption of handor hamper of osiers." cotg. panier, but, as Dneange observes, r. nana.perium, it seems to have denoted a large vessel, The hanaper ofEce in or place for storing up goblets, kanapi, Ang.-Sax. hnfeppa, caMx. the Court of Chancery derives its name from the hanwperium, a large basket wherein ^vTits were deposited. Among plaees of deposit, in which instruments were stored away in the Exchequer Treasury, are named '^ haruipena de virgis of tw^'ggys." Sir F. Palgrave has given a representation of one, date 3 Rich. II. 1380. Kalend. of Exch. i. pl. ii. See also payments to the keeper " hatwperii canceUa.r'' pro hanaperio ligneo emp' pro " and for the horse that carried it. Lib. Gard. 21 Edw. I. p. 359. lit. pat. imponendis ; 2 " ArrabOfi. vadimonium,a.n hansall ; et proprie dicitur bona arra. Par.i arrabo Strerux esi bona sors, Anglice hansell." venit precii, dum res bona venit, i. venduntur. " hanselle, arabo, strena ; to hanselle, strenare, an-are. Erls, arabo, arra, ORTUS. To yife erls, arrare.'" cath. axg. '' Hansell, estrayne, I hansell ttc. ubi hanselle. one, I gyue him money in a mornyng for suche wares as he selleth, ie estrene." palsg. " jE^^reine, handselled, that hath the handsell or first use of." COTG. Ang.-Sax. handIt implies generally a delivery in hand, an earnest, the first use of selen, nmncipatio. a possession : and likewise a reward or bribe, as in Vis. of P. Ploughman, 3128 ; and Sir F, Madden the Poem on the deposition of Richard II. edited by Mr. Wright, p. 30. explains " honde selle " to mean a gift conferred at a particular season. Gawayn and

" Haiisell, or a newe yeares gifte, strtna.^'' hcloet. the Grene Knyjt, 66. ^ Forliy gives the verb to hap, to w.^-ap up, happing, a covering, and hap-harlot, a Ang.-Sax. hoepian, ciamdare. The last word is used by Harrison, in coarse coverlit. See also Huloet, a passage which has been cited above, in the note on daggysw"ey.ve. The verb oceurs in King Edward and the Shepherd. Baret's Alvcarie, and Skinner.
" The schepherd keppid his staf ful warme, And happid it euer undur his harme." Hartsliorne*s Metr. Tales, 71.

John Paston writes for dobletts, to happe

as follows

me

" I pray yo.v ye woll send me hedir : thys colde wynter." Past. Lett. iv. 91.

ij.

elne of worsted

rROMPTOniUM I-ARVULORUM.

227

(HAprvNGE, or hvllynge, infva in WAPPYNGE ) Hararows, or sterne (liaraiowus,

K. haraiows,
s.

Hardenerse

of knowy(n)gc, or dede doynge (hardynes of knowynge of dede, or other thynge,

p.)
Difficultas.

haraious, h. p.y

Anste7nis, rigidus.

Haras

of horse.2
Difficilis.

Harde yn knowynge,
ynge.
{sic,

Eqnicium. or wark-

Hardnes in towchynge. Duricies. Harde demare, or domys nianii

wythe-owte mercy (harde, withSeverus, c. f. oute mercy, p.) Harde sett (or obstynat, p.) yn wyckydnesse, ])at neuer wylle chawnge. Ohstinatus, pertinax. Hare, beeste. Lepus. Haryyn', or drawyn'.3 Trahicio,
jiertralio

Harde yn

felynge, s.)

towchynge, or felythe Dunis.

Hardy. Aiidax. Haruyly. Audacter.

Hardyn',
or
growjai'

harde.

Dureo^ induresco.

(protraho,

s.

traho,

Hardyn', or make harde. Tnduro. Hardynesse. Audacia.

'

traicio, p.)

Harlotte.'*

Scurrus.

^^)-oar, cruelle or haryous. 7))iTOrt?iw, haraious, grete, cruello or dredefulle." med. " Harageus or gret." Editor's MS. Compare the verb haryyn'. " Uqtiiricia, a, harasse of horse." med. ms. CANT. " An haras of horse, equaricia, equicium.'''' CATH. AN(J. See Ducange, v. Haraci^im. " Huras, a race horses and nsares kept only for breed." cotg. In the liher vocatus femiua, MS. CoU. Trin. Cant. B. 14, 39, under the titles of assemblics of beasts, it is said, " Haraz dit homme dtz polet/uez, Haras seyjj man of coltys." In the Coventry Mystery of the Nativity, a citizeu of Bethlehem directs Joseph and Mary in tliese words

"

MS. CANT.
'

" jondyr
^

an house of haras that stant be the way, Amonge the bestys herboryd may 36 be." p. 147.
is

To harry
still

and

used in the North.

or harr, to drag by fcrce, is a verb frequently used by the early writers, Hampole says in the Prick of Conscience,

" And deuylles

salle harre hym vp evene In the ayre als he sulde stegh to heuene."

Harl.

MS. 6923,

f.

62.

See Towneley Myst. p. 217. Fabyan says, in his relation of the murder of Bp. Stapylton, 1325, " the corps of y<^ sayde bysshop, with hys ij servauntes, were haryed to Tliamys Tlie syde, where the sayd bysshop had l)egonne to edyfye a toure," &.c. Fart. vii. following passage occurs in Golding^s version of Beza's book of Christian questions, 1572: " Whercas the same (the wili) ought to bc ruled by reason, as by a wagon-guider; yet, notwithstanding, how often doth it harie him headlong awaye ? " Palsgrave gives the Why do you liarye the poore verb, " I harye, or mysse entreate, or hale one, ie harie. I haiTy, or carry by force, ie trayne, and ie hercelle. He haryetl fellowe on this facyon ? hym aboute, as if he were a traytour." Ang.-Sax. hei^^ian, vastarc. Forby gives
harriage, signifying confusion. This term did not originally denotc a dissolute woman, but a low fellow, a buffoon, a varlet. .See Sir Cleges, line 3i9 ; Ywaine and Gawin, line 2101; Chauccr, and the Fox speaks of a company of scctarians who vvcre named harlots, Vis. of P. Ploughman. in the reign of Hen. III. Acts and Mon. i. 3o5 ; Lanibarde's Peramb. of Kent, 178. " Gerro, a tryfelour, or a harlott." mf.d. ms. cant. " An harlott, hatator, riisticus, <jerro,

miina, joculator, j)arUomima, -parasitaster, hlslrix, mt(/atvr, scurrulus, manducus, To do harlottry, scurrari." cath. ang. harlottry, lecacitas, imirbanitas, &c.

An

228

PUOMrTORIUM PARVrLORUM.

Harme.
tu7n,

Dampnum, detrimendispendium. Harmles. Indempnis. Harmyd. Dampnijicatus. Harmyn'. Dampnifico. Harneyj^, or rajment, Paramentura.

Harske,
frutys

or

haske,
or

as

snndry
p.)^

(hars,

harske,
k.)

Stipticus, poriticus.

Harowe
CATH.
BRiT.
slede.
;

(harwe,
et

JErpica,
c. f. et

KYLW. truha,

et

traho (sic) Anglice a

Erjyico, cath.

Harxeys, wepyne. Arma, plur. Harneys, or hustylment (instrumentys longynge to liowsolcle,

K.)
Utensile.
for hors.

Harwyn'. Hasarde,

play.
(^sic,

Aleatura.
s.

Hasarde
dowre. CATH.

p.)

or

hasarr.

Aleator,

ug.

aleo,

Harxeys

Harneysyx', or harneys and wepyne (hameysyn Arnio. or armyn, p.)

Falere, plur. a-rayyii' Trythe

Hassok.2 Ulphus. H\aste. Festinencia, festinacio. Haste, yn sodente (hayste, or sodayne,

ceps.
s.)3

Harpe.
Harpyn'.

Cithara, lira.
Cithariso.

Impetus.

Hasty. Festinus, impetuosus, precitha-

Harp

stryngys.

Fidis, c. F.

Harpowre.

Citharista,

Hastybere, come (hastybyr,

Trimensis,
c. f.

s.)^

reda, liricen,fidicen, dico.

The Campo.nula trach.eliv.'iii, Linn. is called by Parkinson throat-wort or haske-wort. Skinner gives Hask-wort, Trackelium, fode a sapore austero. Compare Dan. Sw. and Haskard, coarse or unpolished, appears to be hence Dutch, harsk, rank, or rusty. derived. Horman says that " Homer declarying a very folysshe and an haskard felowe (il/nuvura) under the person of Thersyte, sayth that he was streyte in the shulders, and copheeded lyke a gygge." Harsh is sometimes written harrish ; thus Dr. Turner, in his Herbal, 1562, says that " dates, if they be eaten, they ar good for the harrishenes, or roughnes of the throte ; " and of plums, " they tbat ar litle ones, and harde, and harrish '' Svrhurii, an harrvshe peare." elyot. tarte, ar sterk noughts.'" " Ulj)hus, hassok." med. Forby states that, in Norfolk, coarse grass, which grows ground, is termed hassock. In the foundation charter of Sawin rank tufts on boggy trey Abbey, A.D. 1147, Simon, Earl of Northampton, grants certain lands adjoining Whittlesea mere, the boundaries being minutely described in one place the limit is defined to be " ircdirecie per trarcsversurii murisci, usfjue ad tercium hassocurn a jirnia tti-rd irder maHscum et Higgeneiam.^' The cartulary of Ramsey supplies a repetition of this statement, contained in the attestation of Alex. Maufe regarding tlie disputed limits of the donation made by the Earl, his lord in this document the Latinised word " Pastores vero nostri siq^er exteriores hassocos 'versus Walton hassocus twice occurs. inter jyratum et niariscum dehent stare, et animalia sua usque ad pedes suos renire permittere.^'' Mon. Angl. orig. ed. t. i. pp. 850, 852, 853. Ducange, not being acquaiuted with tlie locality, interprets the word as denoting the kind of stone called tufa. In an account relating to the castle of Guysnes, in 1465, among the miscellaneous records of the " cirparum ac a7'unQueen's Rememb. a statement appears as to the clearing away of dinurn, segges, soddes et hassokes," which grew to the obstruction of a certain millThe word is still used in N. Britain. See Jamieson. course. ' Haste, yn sodence, MS. Compare sodky.nte, hereafter. ^ Polbere is givcn hereafter as another name of a kind of barley (Ang.-Sax. bere,
'

'^

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Hastlyy, Hastyly,
Festinanter.

229
hillynge.
Cajjelluvi,

Hatte, hed

smertly. precipitanter.
celero.

Impetuose,
Festino, ac-

c. F. vel caj)ellus,

cath.

Hatte

of strawe.
))at

Capedulum,
hatythe. Osor,

Hastyn', or hyyiT. Hastyn', or Propero.

supra.
hyyfi'

UG. V. in C. Hatare, or he
c. F.

yn

goynge.

Hate.
Hatyn'.

Odium.
Odio. clothe
c. f.

Hastynesse, idem quod haaste,

Hatyr, rent
pat

(hatere,

k.

Hastlere,

rostythe mete Assator, (or roostare, infra.y assarius, kyl^v. assaria, as-

hatere, or hatyr, h. p.)2

Sci^-

tum, pannucia,

Haterede,

satrix.

idem quod hate, (hateryd, idem quod debate, s.)

hordeum) termed hasty from its being early, and coming to maturity in the third month after it is sown. Gerarde refers tlie name THmestre to the Amil-corn, or starch-eorn, Triticum amyleum, cultivated in Germany and the Low Countries to make starch but according to Parlcinson the grain here alluded to appears to be the naked barley, Hordeum " is not seene or sowne by any almost in this land," oalled vernum, whieh, as he observes, in Germany Zeytgerste, or Titgerste, small barley, or " one for the present." It appears, however, that in Tusser's time the early variety was cultivated in the Eastern counties.
;
'

Sow
The

latter in sand,

barley in March, in April, and May, and the sooner in clay."

March's husbandry.

'

The enumeration

of the household of
i.

Niger Scacc. Hearne,

his three

348, comprises "

the " hastalarius.'^ named in the ordinance for the household of Louis XI. 1261, called in French hastewr. See Ducange. Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Essex, among the household servants named in his will, 1361, as " potager, ferour, barber, ewer," &c., mentions " Will. de Barton, hastiler.'' Roy. Wills, p. 52. In the Liher cure cocorum, the author thus states the intention of his treatise.

men,and

domus Regis, Liber De mac/nd coquina host'' {ostarius ?) hastelarice,'''' The latter seems to be the same as the " hastator,''''
II. in

Henry

the Constit.

" Fyrst
\>o

to jou I wylle schawe poyntes of cure al by rawe ; Of potage, hastery, and bakun mete, And petecure I nylle for^ete." Sloane
cihis

MS. 1986,

f.

47.

The chapter " de

of rostyd mete," comprises a singular dish, termed " hasteletes on fysshe day," consisting of figs, raisins, dates, and almonds, transfixed on a " broche of irne," and roasted ; f. 87, b. Compare Forme of Cury, p. 8. Among the domestic oflBcers of the Earl of Northumberland, 1511, was a " yoman cooke for the mouth, who doith hourely attend in the kitching at the haistry for roisting of meat." Ant. Rep. iv. 244. Bp. Percy states that in Shropshire the fireplace is called haister; and, according to Mr. Harlshorne, an hastener, or hasteler, is a kind of screen lined with tin, used for reflecting the heat in roasting. See Salopia Ant. The derivation is
assatis,

evidently from hasta.

lere, hereafter.
*

" Haste,

a,

sp'it

or broach.

'

cotg.

Compare roostare,
it is

or haste-

In the curious song on the

Man

in the

Moon, printed by Ritson,

chele he byd, hattren to tere)'."

said,

"

When
Jje

J>e

forst frescj'

muche
is

Jjornes he\) kene,

Anc. Songs.

p. 36.

230

PROMPTOEIUM PARVULORUM.

Haue,

Have

supi-a in han. abhominacyou', and liave disdeyne, supra in han ) -

Hawe,
c. F.

frute.

Cinum,

cornum,

ramnum, cath. Havve thorne. Ramnns, cath.

cinus, cornus.

(Havyn

in nieude, k. or lian in
snpi'a.

mynde,

Recordor, me-

Havexe.

moro, memini.) Haue ynvye. Invideo. Have leysere. Vaco. Have mercy. 2Iisereor. Have yn possessyou'. Possideo. Have levyr (have leuer, k. v.y

Havexe

Portus, hostium, cath. kepare, or gouernare. Portiinus, c. F.

siipra

(Hawberk,
rvoke.)

in

habu-

Hawke. Falco. Hawkyxge. Falconatus.

Hawncyn', or lieynyiT (hawtyn, K. hawnsyn or yn heyyn, s.
hawten, Exalto,
or

Malo.

Have

Compacior. (Haue suspeckte, k. h. p. Snspicio, CATH. suspecto, cath.)

pyte, or ruthe.

heithyn

vp,

p.)-

elevo, suhlevo.

When

Philip Augustus fell into the river, in consequence of the breaUing of the bridge of Gisors, Marcadeus, a captain in the host of King Richard, according to Langtoft^s account, derided him thus;

" Sir

Kyng
\>o\x

rise

jjou fisshes not worj^e

For
So likewise
in

has wette
of

vp and skip, for )>ou ha.s wette \>\ hater, a leke, rise and go thi ways, H breke, schent is ]>\ hernays." R. Brunne,

p.

204.

Alisaunder, the word siguifies garments, attire see lines 42G4, 7054; and the Brahmiiis are said to live in austere penance, " thinnelich Ang.-Sax. hastero, tcstitus. In the Vision of P. Ploughman, y-hatered," line 5922. Haukyn makes the following excuses for his soiled garment.
the

Romance

Kyng

" I have but oon hool hater, quod Haukyn; I am the lasse to blame, Though it be soiled and selde clene line 8900. I slepe therinne o uyghtes."
:

The explanation, In linc 9758, the word " haterynge " occurs in the sense of clothing. however, given in tlie Promptorium, may suggest the comparison of the word with the verb, still used in Norfolk, to hatter, or exhaust by fatigue. Bp. Kennett's gloss. See "To hatter, to expose to danger, to weary out, or wear out, coll. Lansd. MS. 1033. as a horse by too much riding, or any utensil by too much leading is hattered about Kent. Isl. hoettur, iKrlculosiis.'''' " I haue leuer, i\ujme mijculx, Vai 'plus chier. Many men had leuer se a play, than This word is used very eommonly by the old writers. Ang.to here a masse." palsg. See lefe, and dere. Sax. leof, carus, grcUns, comp. leofra. ^ This verb occurs commonly in a composite form, to en-hance, or in-hance, as in the Vision of P. Ploughman, the Wicliffite version, and Chaucer. The lintel of a door is " Limcti signifieth not only the thrashold of a termcd, from its position, the haunce. doorc, but also the haunse. Siipercllium, the haunse whyche is ouer the doore. HyIn the Nomenclator of Junius, translated by Ijerthi/ron, transumpte, or haunce." elyot. and siqiercilium, Higins, a distinction is niade between the Vitruvian term lujperihyrum,
'

PROMPTORIUM PAUVULOKUM.

231
Istfi.1

Hawntare.
quentatrix.

Frequentator, freofte vsyfi'.

He, thys. Heg, hek,

hic.

or

hetche,

or

dore
s.)2

Hawntyn', or
quento.

Fre-

(hecche, k. heke, or hech,

Hawntynge. Frequentacio. Hawntyngly, or ofte. Frequenter.

"

Havure,

or havynge of catel, or ojjer goodys (havour, or werdly good, K. havi-e, or hawynge of

Antica,cATU.et c. r. et uo. in an. Heed. Caput. Hedare, or hefdare (hedare, or hedere, s. hevedare, h. behedar, p.)'' Decapitator, lictor.

Hedyn', or
K.

hefedyii' (hevedyii, k.
p.)

behedyn,

Decapito,

cle-

hauyre, or worldly good, harl. ms. 2274.)! Averium.

catel,
s.

collo (trunco, cletrimco, p.)

Heed borow
heed broth,
pitalis.

(hedborwe, k. h. s.)-* Plegius ca-

He,

or he

))at.

Ille, ipse.

the former being rendered " the transam, or lintell," the latter "the hanse of a door." Cotgrave gives " contrefroniall, the brow peeee, or upmost post of a doore, a liaunse, or breast summer." At lirst sight it may appear doubtful whether beynyn or heyuyn (to heave) be tlie true reading ; but by considering the position in the alphabetical arrangement of the word heynynge, subsequently, the former appears to be correct. Compare Ang.-Sax. hean, evehere. Heithyn may be perhaps traced to Ang.-Sax. hea^So, culmen. In the version of Vegecius, B. iv. c. 19, it is said that the city wall, when a bastile or " somer castel " is brought against it, should be " eiihaunsed " and made higher, and describes tho means to be adopted by the assailants " ayenst this highething " of the " I haythe, I lyfte on hcythe. le Jtaulce- Hayth this tester wall. Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. This balke {tref) is {haulcez ce ciel) a lytell. I heyghten, I set vp a heythe, ie exalse.

heythened two foote." palsg. ' In the Romance of Coer de Lion, Tancred says to King Richard that he had heard
" That thou art Me to bereve

comme, with

gret power,
line 1714.

my

landes hower."

" Havoir " word as meaning hire, possession {rythmi gratia.) occurs in Chaucer's Rom. of the Rose, line 4720, in the signification of wealth, avnir. Sir John Maundevile, describing the good dispositions of the folk of the Isle of Bragman, says that they are neither covetous nor cnvious, " and thei jive no charge of aveer, ne of ricchesse " p. 354. In the regulations for the government of Prince Edward, son " \Ve W7II that the hall be ordynately served, and of Edward IV, 1474, is this clause strangers served and cherished according to their haveures." Househ. Ordin. p. *29, In tlie Golden Legend mention is made of " coueytous men that sette all theyr loue in hauyour, and in solace of y* world." See Kennett, and Spelman, v. Avera.

Weber

interprets the

* Antica, & gate, or a dore, or batche. Est antica doimis ingressus ah anteriori.'''' ORTUS. "An heke, antica." cath. ang, " Osiiobim, hek." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII, " Hatche of a dore, kecq." palsg. " Gwichet, a wicket, or hatch of a doore." f. 27, Forby gives " hack, half-hack, a hatch, a door divided across." In the North, COTG. a heck door is one partly latticed and partly panelled. See Brockett. ^ See HEVEDARE, liereafter. " A hangcman or an heeder is odiose to loke vpon." horm. The head-borough, borwealder, borsholder, or tithing man,, was the chief of the friborgh or tithing, the subdivision of ten freemen, called hand-boroughs, or franci Ang.plegii, who were mutually bound to the King for the good conduct of each other.
'''

232

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Heed

Mefropolis, cath. cyte. monopolis, cath. Heed of garlek, lelj, or o])cr lyke (or of a leke, harl. ms. 227-4.) Bulbiis, KYLW. et UG. in hullo. Acephalis, vel aceHeedles.

Hedgyd

(heggyd, k.
or

s.)

Septus.

Hedgyn',

make
s.)

an

hedge

(heggyn, k.

Sepio.

(Hetche, or hek, p. Antica, c. f.) Hetchyd, as byrdys. Pullificatus, fetatus, c. f. in alcione.

phalus, cath,

Heed waschyxge.
c. F.

Capitilavium,

Hey, beestys mete. Fenum. Hey, or heythe (of heythe, k.

heyth,
s.

for

hey of height, v.^Altus,

Orcestra, cath.
f.

Heedwerke,
H.)i

sekenesse (liedake,

celsus, excelsus.

Cephalia, cath. Heedwarke suflferere, or he tliat

sufferythe heedwarke.
licus,

Hey

benche.2

orcistra, c.

episeclium

{suh~

Cepha-

cath.

sellum, p.) Heyeste. Altissimus, svpremus.

Heft. Manuhrium. Heftyde. 3Ianuhriatus.

(Heftyx, infra
in

Heyke, garment (orhewke,

infra

helvyn.)

Heftyxge.

Hedge

Manuhriacio. Sepes, ug. (hegge, k. s.)

heyke, clothe, k. hayeste garmeut, or huke, s.y Arinelus, cath. in aimelaiisa, lacei^na, CATH. levitonare, kylw.

In the Statute entitled Visus Franciplegii, whieh Sax. lieafod, capvt, horh,fidfjussor. has been called Stat. 18 Edw. W. cle teneadd ie<a, they are termed " chiefs i^legges.^'

The origin of the oivil division of the territory into hundreds confidently attributed to Alfred, but, as it seems, on no sufficient evidence. In the laws of the Confessor this system of mutual suretyship is clearly set Ane. Laws and Instit. i. 450. See Spelman, v. Frilorga, and Borsholder. forth. " \>e hedewarke, cephalia, cejJudargia.^' cath. ang. In the edition of the Ortus in Mr. Wilbraham's library ciphalus is rendered " the hede werke; " in the ed. 1518, " the heed ache." In a medical treatise by " Maystere Lanfranke, of Meleyn," MS. in the collection of Sir T. Phillipps, No. 1381, the following occurs among several prescriptions Make lie of verveyn, or of betayne, or of wormode, and there for the "hede warke. with wasshe J)in hede thryse in \>e weke." See werkynge, or heed ache, hereafter. In Norfolk, according to Forby, " in violeut head-ache, the head works like a cloek." Ang.Stat. of

Realm,

i.

246.

and

tithings has been

'

Sax. heafod-wxrc, cepholalgio.. " Orcestra dicehatur locus separatus in cend, ubi * Compare dese, of hye benche. noMles sedebaht." cath. " Armelausa vestis est, ^ The following explanations are supplied by the Catholicon sic dicta r/uia ante et retro divisa et aperta sit, in arrrds tantum clausa, quasi armiAb armus (Jmmerus) secundum Rahanum dicitur armelus, vestis clausa ; et est sclaviaa. Laceraa est pallium fimhriatam kumeros tantum tegens, sicut scapulare moaachoruhi. quo olim soli railites utehantur, d-c. dicitur lacerna a latere et a cerno." In Harl. " an huke ; " in the Ortus it is explained to MS. 1002, f. 154, levitonariv^ is rendered be " collobium lineum siae maaicis, i- dalmatica, quali Fgyptii moaachi utehantur ; a tabarde." It is scarcely possible to define the garment to which, modified by the fashions of different periods, the name of hewke was assigned ; it appears from citations given by Ducange that the hvca in the Xlllth cent. was furnished with a hood it also seems to have beon a niilitary garment, and sometimes even of the number of such as
:

PROIvirTORlUM PARVULORUM.

233
Exalto,

IIeyl

fro sekcnesse,

Sanns, inSaluto.

supra in iiawncyn.'
elevo, suhlevo, levo.)

columis, sospes.

Heylyn',
salve.

01-

gretyn'.

Heynynge.
Gerolocista,

Exaltacio, elevacio.

Heyl, seydc

for gretynge.

Ave,

Hevncemann (henchemanne, n.y

duorum
generum
(gerelocista, s.)

Heylynge,
tacio.

or
k.

gretynge.
u.

Salup.

Hey
heighthyn,

(Heynyn,

Heythe

Fenile." stak. (heyght, s. hcighte, p.)

were of a defensive nature, although not so accounted by Sir S. Meyrick in his paper on In the Wardrobe of Hen. V. 1423, military garments worn in England, Archajol, xix. occur "j. heuke noier, (jarniz iVespanges d'ar(/eHt (Ioit', q'estoit a Cov.at Morteyti : j^ois.
viij Ih.

de

Ih. xxxlj. s. en tout, xij. li. xvj. s. j. heuke de chamelet, ovec j. cluiperoTi heuke Wescarlet: v. hukes de damask noier,hroches (Varffent," tfcc. Rot. Parl. IV. 225, 236. In an indenture of retainer preserved in the Tower, dated 1441, for military service in France under Richard Duke of York, James Ski(hnore, Esq. engages to serve as a man at arms with six archers, and to take for himself and his men " huk' of my seid lord the duk' liv'e." Meyrick'8 Crit. Enquiry, ii. 111. The Ordinance of Charles VII. dated 1448, respecting the equipment of the Francs-Arcfiers, ' requires every parisli to provide a man armed with "Jac^iue, ou huque de hriganduie. Pere Daniel, Mil. Franc. i. 238. In the Invent. of Sir John Fastolfe's wardrobe, 1459, under the head of iogce, is the " Item, j. jagged huke of blakke sengle, and di' of the

pns

la

iiiesme.

;/.

same.'' Archreol. sxi. 252. In King Ryence^s chalengethe heralds are described as attired There was also a in " hewkes," and loudly crying for largesse. Percy's Rel. iii. 26. female attire called Hewke, Belg. huycke, which covered the shoulders and head. la

the Acta Sanctorum Jun. vol. iv. 632, a femnle is described as clothed " in hahitu secu,' Palsgrave gives " hewke, a lari, cum peplo Brahantico nigro, Uuckam vidgo vocant.'''' garment for a vvoman, surquayne, froc; huke, sun^ua/tie;''' and Minsheu explains huyke, huike, or huke, to be a mantle, such as women use in Spain, Germany, and the Low Skelton mentions the " huke of Lyncole green " worn Countries vvhen they go abroad. by Elinour Rumming. See further in Ducange and Roquefort. ' Chaucer describes the knight as attended by three mounted " henshmen." Flour and the Leaf. The pages of distinguished personages were^called henxmen, as Spelraan supposes, from Germ. hengst, a war-horse, or, according to Bp. Percy, from tlieir place being at the side, or haunch, of their lord. In tho household of Edwai-d IV. there were

" henxmen,
chiefly

vj enfauntes, or more, as it shall please the Kinge," who seem to have been wards of the Crown, and placcd under the direction of a niaster of henxmen
:

mode of living, and education at court, is set forth iu the Ilousehold Book of Edward IV. given among the Ordinances published by the Ant. Soc. p. 44. By the Stat. 3 Edw. IV. c. 5, " hensmen, herolds, purceyvauntez, ministrcUes, et Jouers en lour
their

In the entrelndes " were exempted from the penalties under the statute of apparel. household of the Earl of Northumberland, 1511, there were three haunsmen or hanshmen, who arc enumerated with " yong gentlemen at their fryndes fynding, in my lord's liouse for the hoole yere :" the first served as cupbearer to the Earl, the second to his lady. On New-year's day they presented gloves, and had 6.. 8(i. reward. Ant. Rep. iv. 199. See further in Pegge's Curialia, Lodge's Illustr. i. 359, and Privy Purse Expenses " Henchman, paige d'honi>eur, enfant dlumof Henry VIII. edit. by Sir H. Nicolas. neur." palsg. " Pratcxtatus assecla, qui Gallice vocatur vn j^?r((/(i d^hommes; a page of hench-man, or henchboy, ^jajre honour, or a henchman." Junius, by Higins. ^''honneur qui marche devani (juelque Seigneur dc grand auihoriie." Siierw.

"A

camd. SOC.

2 H

234

PROSIPTORIUM rARVULORUM.

Altitvdo, aibnen, caaimen, siih-

Heldyn',

or

bowyii'.-*

Tnclino,

Ihmtas (svmmitas, p.)

flecto, deflecto.
c. f.

Hevward.i
(Hek,

Agellarins,

Heldynge,

or holdynge.

Tencio,

ahigevs, UG. v. (inessor, K.)

detcncio, retencio.

Hekele

or hctclie svpra in hec.) (hevkylle, harl. ms.

Heldynge, orbowyiigc
c.)

(clynyiige,

Inclinacio, fleccio,

incur-

2274. )2

Mataxa,
Mataxo.

c. F.

vacio.

Hekelare.
Hekelyn'.

Mataxatrix.

Hele

of ]je fote.

Heele,
styrke,

or helthe.^

Talns, calcanens. Sanitas,inco-

Hekelykge. Mataxacio. Hekfere, bceste (or

infra.y
'

lumitas.

Helle.

Infernus,

Tartants,
v.)

Jvvenca.

Baratrum, Stix (Avernvs,

Tlie heyward was the keeper of cattle in a common field, who prevented trespass on Aecording to the Anglo-Saxoii law the ha2i,t;-weard was to have the cuUivated ground. his reward froni the part of the crop nearest to tlie pastures, or, if land werc allotted, it the same. See Anc. Laws and Inst. i. 441. His office is thus was to be adjacent to noticed by G. de Bibelesworth
:

" Ly

messiers (hayward)

ad

les

ckaumps

en citre."
;

" In tyme of heruest mery

it is

ynough

The hayward bloweth mery his horne, In eueryche felderipe is corne." K. Alis. 5756.
agellarii,, the common herd-ward of a town or village, called bxihulcxis, who overlooked the common herd, and kept it within bounds; and the lieyward of the lord of tlie manor, or religious house, who was regnilarly sworn at the court, took care of the tillage, paid the labourers, and looked after he was termed fiekls-man, or tithing-man, and his wages trespasses and encroachments " IncJusarivs, a heyewarde." med. *' Jnclusonv.s, a pynner of in 1425 were a noble. " Haiward, haward, qui garde au commun tout le hestiail beestes {al. pynder.)" ort.

Bp. Kennett observes that there were two kinds of

d^un houryade."' sherw.

I heckell (or hetchyll) flaxe, ze cerance, and Hetchell for flaxe, serancq, seranf. nat I a great gentylman, my father vvas a hosyer, and my mother da lin. Seran, a hatchell, or lieaeh, the iron comb whereon dyd heckell flaxe?" palsg. Forby gives hickle, a comb to dress flax, or break it into its flax is dressed." cotg. Teut. htkel, pecten. finest fibres. " Hecforde, a yong eowe, genisse." palsg. * " Juvenca, a hekefeer beest." ORTUS. Caxton, in the Boke for Travellers, speaks of " flesslie of moton, of an hawgher {genise,) See Bp. Kennett's gloss. v. Hekfore. Ang.-Sax. healifore, vaccula. or of a calfe." Forby notices a bequest of certain " heckfordes " in the will of a Norfolk clergyman, dated 1579, but the niodern pronunciation isheifker. * " To helde, &i to bowe." catb. ang. In tlie Northern Dialects to heald signifies See Brockett, Craven Dial. and Jamieson, v. Heild. Ang.to slope, as a declivity. Palsgrave gives the verb " I hylde, I leane on the one syde, as Sax. hyldan, inclinare. a bote or shyp, or any other vessell, ie encline de couste. Sytte fast, I rede you, for y*' bote begynneth to hylde." ^ '' Saluhritas, holsones, or heelL helefull" ORTUS. heleSaluler, '' Prosper, " Sos])itas,,firmitas, mlvacio, &c. hele." fulle, happy, withe-owte tene." med. ms. cant. Helefulle, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "An hele, cohmitas, edia, fecunditas, valitudo. " Heale of body, sante."' palsg. In a scrmon given prosj>er, salutaris.^'' CATH. ang. 2
ie Jialille

"

Am

^''

PHOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
IIeelyn', or hoolj^iT of sekenessc. Sano, curo, medico, medicor. Heelynge, or holynge of sekenesse. Sanacio, curacio. Helme, or J)e rothere of a schyp (hehne of pe rocler of shyp, s. hehue, rother of a shyppe, h. p.) Temo, CATH. plectrum, cath.
et

235

Hempe. Ca?iabmn. Hempvne, or hempy (hempene,

orofhempe,
k.
s.

h.)

Canaheus.
ms. 2274.

Henne. Galli?ia. (Henne nest, uarl.

I?igitato?'iu??i.)

Henrane,

hcrbe.

Jusquiamvs,

simplio?iica, i?isana, c. f.

UG.

i?i

jilecto.

Hengyl
Galea,
c. f.

of

dore, or

wyndowe
v.y
et. c. F.

Helme

of armure.

(hei)gyll of a shettinge, k.
Verteb?-a, vectis,

cassis, c. F. et

Helpare.
snffragator.

cath. Adjutor,

cath,

adjutrix,

Hengyl, gymewe (gymmewe, k. gemewe, harl. ms. 2274, p.)

Verti)iella. ug. in ve?'?'o.

Helpe.

Adjutorium,

auxilium,

suffragium, juvamen, pi'esidium

{subsidiu7n, k. p.)

Heep.

Cumnlus, acervus, agger,

sup?'a

globus.

Helpyn'.

Juvo, adjuvo, auxilior,

(Hentynge,
YNGE.)'''

in

cahch-

suhvenio, succurro, opitulor.

Helpyn' and defendyn.'

cinor.

Patro-

Helthe, idem quod hele, svpra.

Heltyr
Helve.*
tum.

(or halter, s.) Capistrim.

beestj-s. Cajnstro,

Heltryn'

cath.

Cumulator.') (IIepar, k. Cumulatus. IIeepyd. Hepyn, or make on a hepe. mulo, acciwiulo. Hepynge. Cumidacio.

Cu-

Manubriu?n,
or heftyn'.

manute?i-

Heer
Heer

(hcre, k.
fyrste

s.

p.)

Capillus,
co?na.

cincinnus,
Ma?iub?'io.

cri?iis, cesa?'ies,

Helvyx,

growyngeyn' mannys
c. f.

Hemme.

Fimbria, limbus, cath. cath. et c. f. o?'a, orariu??i, cath. IIemmyn' garmentys. Limbo, Jimh?'io, cath.
et c. F. lascinia,

berde.
PLACE.)'*

La?iugo,

(Herbere,

h. p. sup?'a

in

grene
c.f.

Herberiowre. Hospiciarius,
et

comm.

" Giesy was smyt by Foxe, as delivered by R. Wimbeldon, 1389, is this passage with mesilry, for he sold Naaman's heale, that cam of God's grace." Sir John Paston writes thus to his motlier "It'm it lylced yow to weet of myn heelle, I thanke God now y' I ani nott greetly syke ner soor." Past. Lett. v. 80. Ang.-Sax. heel, snlus. " Ilolue of any tole, maiiche. Hafte of any tole, manche.'''' PAI.sg. This word is given by Forhy as still uscd in Norfolk. See also Moore. Ang.-Sax. helf, nmnMhrimn. ^ Forby states tliat in Norfolk liiiigle signifies either a small hinge, or a snare of vvire, closing like a liinge, by means oi' whicli poachers are said to hingle hares and rabbits. " Hinge, or hingeil of a gate, cardo,'''' &c. BARET. Horman says, " This buttell lacketh an hyngill, uter amicino caret.'''' See gymewe. ' See hyntyn' hereafter. ''I hente, I take by vyolence, or ^to catche, ie haj^pe; this terme is nat vtterly comen ." pai,.sg. It is used by Chaucer. See the note on the word ekbaue.
:
:

'

236

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Vitta, c. F. et VG. V. in C. crinale, dicc. discriminale.

Herbeeewe

(lierboiTve, k. berbeHosrow, H. herborowe, p)^ picivm. Herreravyx', or receyvyn' to

Heerce ou
dede cors,

a dede corce
s.)^

(herce

vijou dede corcys, k. p. heers of

hereborogbe (herbergwyu, k. Hosjntor, herboroweu, p.) CATH. et si significet to take herboroghe, tunc est quasi deponens.

Pirama, cath,

piramis, c. f. et vg. in pir. Heerde, or flok of beestys, what Polia, cath. so euyi" they be.
arinentum, cath.

Heeke
" An

boxde

(herbonde,

p.)

Heerd mann.
An

Pastor, agaso.

c. f.

'

hsLrhar, Itospicium,, diversorium.

havhiTiouT, hospes, Iiospita.

To harber,

Harberynge, hospitalitas.^'' cath. ang. " Herboroughe, logis. I harborowe, Herberiour, that proujdeth lodgyng, fourrier.'''' I lodge one in an inne, ie herherye. PALSG. A station where a marehing amiy rested was termed in Ang.-Sax. hereIn a niore extended sense harbour deberga, from here, exercilus, beorgan, muuire. noted any place oi' refuge, or liospitable reception. See Yision of P. Ploughm.; AVicliffite Version, Scc. In the Golden Legend it is related that St. Amphyabel " prayed Albon of herborough for tlie love of God whiche Albon without faynyuge, as he y' alwaye loued to do hospytalyte, graunted hym herberough, and well receyued hym." Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Grete me the damyselle oi your hous, or of your he(r)berow, rvstre hostel." The verb is used by Sir John Jlaundevile in the sense both of giving and reeeiving hospitality; he says, speaking of Bethany, " there dwelte Symon leprous, and there herberwed our Lord, and aftre he was baptised of the Apostles, and was clept Julyan, and was made Bissehoppe and this is the same Julyan that men clepe to for gode herberghage, for our Lord herberwed with him in his hows." In the Voiage, p. 116. The adjective herberous has the signification of hospitable. version prefixed to the translation of the paraphrase of Titus by Erasmus. it oceurs as " A bysshop must be such as no man can complaine on follows not geuen to filthy The lucre, but herberous," &c. Titus, i. 8; printed by Johan Byddell, <. Heu. VIII. remarkable nanie Cold-harbour, which oeeurs repeatedly in most counties at places adjaccnt to Roman roads, or lines of early communication, seems to have been derived from the station there established ; but of the strange epithet thereto prefixed no satisfactory explanation has yet been suggested. See Hartshorne^s Salopia Antiqua, p. 253. ^ This term is derived from a sort of pyramidal candlestick, or frame for supporting lights, calied hercia, or hir/rica, from its resemblance in form to a harrow, of which mention occurs as early as the Xllth cent. It was not, at first, exclusively a part of thus by the funeral display, but was used in the solemn services of the holy week statute of the Synod of Exeter, 1287, every parish was bound to provide the "/<tm'rt ad teueli-as.'''' Wilkins, Conc. ii. 139. In the account of expenses at the death of Thomas, Abbot of St. Augustine's, Canterljury, 1375, occurs an item, " pro corpore jicto, cum heisia.'" W. Thorn, X Script. 2152. See lurther the accounts of the cbsequies of Anne the Queen of Kic. II. Gough's Sop. Mon. i. 170*, and the will of that monarch, in which he directs that for his own internienc there should be prepared "?'<;. hercieB excellentice convenientes rec/ali.'''' Rym. vii. 75. In the will of John de Nevill, 13^6, it is termed " liei-cium.'''' Madox, Form. 429. The Pat. 1 Hen. V. 1113, recounts the orders of the King to Simon Prentout of London, " wex chaundeler," and Thomas Gloucestre, "picfori nostro,''^ for the provision and transport to Canterbury of the "hercea''' for the funeral of Henry IV. Rym. viii. 1-t. The ordinance which regulated the charges by wax-chandleis, stat. 11 Ilen. VI. c. 12, comprises a elause to
Jiospitari.
; ;
:

PROMPTOIUUM PARVULOUUM.

237

Herre
Here,

of a lockc.i Cccrdo, comm. yu' thys place. Ilic.

Hernys, or braync (hcrnys, or

harneys,
s.)

Ccrehrum.
Gurio,
c. f.

Hervn'.

Audio.

Herowde
eere

of armys.

Herynge

wythe

of here, k. p.) dacio (^audicio, s. p.) Heervnge, fysshe. Allec.

(herynge Auditus, au-

Hert, wylde beeste. Cervus. Hert, ynwarde parte of a beste

(myd

part, s.)

Cor.
Vecors. ys made.

Herkyn', and take heede, and ley to ])e ere (herkyu to, s.) Asculto.

Hertles, or vnherty. Herthe, where fyre

Igneariuin,

Heern, byrde

(heryn, k.s.p. herne,

HARL. MS. 2274.)

Ardea.
hed.^

Herne panne
newn.

of

]je

Cra-

c. F. focarium, c. f. ignarium, u.G. in Ge. Herthe stok or kynlym' (stocke, K. p. kynlyn, s.)^ Repofociliuvi, cath. vel secundutn c. f. repofocinium, UG. in foveo.

except "Iierces affaires pnr lez nohlez trespassaniz.'''' Stat. of Rcalm, vol. ii. 287. Chaucer appears to use the term hearse to denote the decorated bier, or fuiieral pageant, and not exclusivcly the illuniination, which was a part thereof and towards the XVIth cent. it bad sucli a general signification alone. Hardyng describes the lionours falsely bestowed upon the remains of Richard II. when cloths of gold w-ere oliered ' upon his hers " by the King and lords.
;

" At Poules his masse was done, and diryge, In hers royall, semely to royalte." Chron.

c.

200.

representation is given on the Roll or Brevis mortuoruin of John Islyppe, Abbot of Westm. who died 1522, and whose corpse was placed '' undre a goodlye Hersse w' manye lights, and maiestie, and vallaunce set w' pencells," &c. which was left standing until " the monethes mynde." Vet. Mon. iv. pl, xviii. " Herce for a deed corse, of silke, poille. Herse elothe, jioille. Herce, a deed body, corps.^' palsg. " He lay in a noble hyrst, or herse, siiggesto. There was made a noble hyrst, iumuhts horm. In the version of Junius' Nomencl. by Higins is given " Cemtaphium, a herse, a sepulchre of honour, a stately funeral." " Puille, the square canopy thats borne over tlie sacrament, Or a soveraign prince, in solemne processions; hence also a hearse, hearse-cloth, laid over the beer of a dead person." cotg. ' This word is repeatedly used in the later Wicliffite version. " And J>e herris (ej^er hengis) of J?e doris of J^e innere hows of i>e hooly of hooly Hngis, and of \>e doris of ]}q hows of J>e temple weren of gold." iii. Kings, vii. 50. " As a dore is turned on his herre (e^er heengis) so a slow man in his bedde." Prov. xxvi. 14. See also Prov. viii. 26; Job xxii. 14. " CariJo, a here of a dore, cuneus qui inforamim vertitur.'''' med. " Har, the hole in a stone on which the spindle of a door or gate resteth ; Dunelm. and the harr tree is the head c.f the gate, in which the foot or bottom of the spindle is placed. Harrs, hinges, a door-har; Westm." Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1033. Ang.-Sax, lieor, hearre, cardo.
.''''

" Cranium, harnepanne." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII.

See G. de Bibelesworth.

" Vous deuet dire moun ka7iapel (hernepane,) Moun frount, e moun cervel (mi forred, ant niy brayn.)"

The word occurs

also in Havelok, 1991; Coer de Lion, 5293. Ang.-Sax. hsernes, cerehrum, pauna, patell.a. Minot uses the word " hernes," or brains; p. 10. ^ The MS., by an crror of tlie scribe, gives repofociHum rcpcated twicc; and the reading of the Winchester M.S. secms still more corrupt, ^' njiosialium, cath. vel secuudum

238

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Herty. Cordialis. Hertyly. Cordialiter. Hertyn', or makyn' heyty. Animo. Hertys lethyr, or lethyri. NeScoloherbe. pendria, lingua cervi. Hertlynesse. Cordialitas.

Hethe. Bruera, hruare, secundum quosdam. Hethe, or lynge, fowaly.' 13ruarium.

CATH. Hertys tonge,

bris,

Hetyn', or niake hoote. Calefacio. Hetyn'> or waxyii' hoote. Caleo, unde versus : Per memet calui,
sub j)annis

me

calefeci.

Herueste. Hesyl, tre.

Autumimiis.

Hespe
et

Corulus, colurnus. Mataxa, c. f. of threde.i UG. haspum, c. f. hapsa,

of a dore.2
vel

Hewar. Secator. Hevedare (or hedare,

supra.)

Decaj)itator, spnculator (lictor,

co^sm.Jilipuhis.

Hevedyn',
supj-a.*

idem

quod

hedon',

Hespe
Hete.

Pessulum, pessula, NECC. haspa, comm.

Calor, estus.

Hevedynge (hedynge, harl.

2274, hedmge,
p.)

ms. Decapitacio.

The word intended may be retrofocinium, or repofocinium. See repoficilmm." The Catholicon gives the following explanation '' Repofocilium, id quod tegit iyneiii in nocte, vel quod retro iijnem pionitur; sv.p>er qv.od a 'posleriori ^MTtefoci ligna In Harl. ]\IS. 1738, it is rendered '' an herthe stok, poauntur, quod vu/go lar dicilur.'" stock (Ang.-Sax. stoc, truucus) or a skrene;" in the Ortus, "a hudde or a sterne." may signify primarily a large log, against which, as a foundation, the fire was piled. The cellarist of St. Edmund's-bury held Hardwick under the abbey, and was bound annually Lil)er Celler. Rokewode's to provide " iv. Cristmesse stocke," each of 8 feet in length. Hence, probably, any contrivance where!)y the fire was supported, so as to Suff. p. 475. facilitate combustion, an objeet more perfectly attained by means of andirons (awnderne, In Xorfolk and Sufiolk the back or sides of the siip-ra), was termed the heai th-stock. fire-place are termeJ " the stock," and Forby derives the word from Ang.-Sax. stoc, locus.
C. F.

Ducange.

See KYNLYN hereafter.

A hank of yarn is called in the Xorth a hesp, or hasp, the fourth part of a spindle. Bp. Kennett gives "a hank of yarn or thread, when it comes otf the reel, and is tied in the middle, or twisted. So the iwist or rope that comes over y*^ saddle of the thiller horse Perhaps from Sax. lianjan, to tie or twist but it is called the thille hanks; Dunelm. comes much nearer to the Isl. haunk, funimlus in circulum colligaius.'''' Lansd. MS. 1033. Maiaxa signifies the comb which serves for dressing flax, as given above under the word HEKELE, but iuiplies also a hank of spun thread. See Ducange. '' jPesseUum, a lytel lok of tre, a haspe, a cospe, a sclott.'' med. sis. cant. " Pessulum dicitur sera lignea qua hostiuin pellitur cmn seratur, Anglice a lyteke, or latche.or a snecke, " Haspe of a Aovq, clichette." palsg. " Agraphe, a claspe, or barre of a dore." ort.
' ;
^

hook, brace, grapple, haspe." COTG. In this last sense the word haspo. occurs in the Sherborn Cartulary, MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, where, among the gifts of William the sacrist (Xlltb cent.!') is mentioned '^ J/issule cum haspa argcntea." Bp. Kennett observes that in Kent, Sussex, and Oxfordshire, the word is pronounced "haps, to haps a door or cupboard. Ang.-Sax. ha?ps, sera, fibv.la." Lansd. MS. 1033. This older form is also retained in Somerset, Wilts, and in N. Britain, hasp being the corruption. See Jamieson. ^ Sowaly, MS. Compare fowayle, and lvnge of the hethe. * " Decollo, to hefdyn." MED. " He was heeded at Towre hyil.'" palsg.

PROJIPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

239

Hevene. Cehm, polum. Hevenely. Celitus, adv. Hevenly. Celicus, celestis.

ide77i quod heyke, supra K hevke, s. h.) Hethynne, or paynynne (panym,

Hewke,
(hek,

Hevy

to bere (to beryn, Gravis, poiiderosus.

k.)

H. p.)

Pagamis,

etnicus.

Hevy and

grevows. 'Gravis, et idem quod grevows, supra. Hevy in sowle, and herte. 3Iolestus, tristis {inestus, r.)

Hethvnnesse. Pagania. Hydde. Absconditus, celatus.

Hydvn'.
Ahscondo,
c. f.

occulto.

Hevy manne,
Hevy

or

womanne, and
Mestijicus,

not glad yn chere. mestijiea, cath.

noleatus.

a-slepe (of slepe, s.p.)

Somptriste.

Absconsio, latitacio. Hydynge place. Latihulum, absconditum, latehra, abditorium, UG. in do. Hyde, or skynne (hyyd, or hyde, harl. ms. 2274, v.) Pellis, cutis. Hyddyr, or to thys place (hyther,
p.)

HvDYNGE.

Hevyly.
Hevyyn',
herte.

Graviter, moleste,
or

Huc.

makjn'
makyn'

hevy hevy

yn
in

Hyddyr w^arde

Mesti(fi)co (mesto, p.)

or

Hevyyn',

wyghte. Gravo, aggravo, jwndero, CATH.

(hydward, s. hytherwarde, p.) Istuc. Hydows (hiddowus, or gret, k.) Immanis, immensus.

Hatchyd,
hychyd,
K.

Hevynesse yn

herte.

Molestia,

or remevyd (hichid, k. s.) Amotus, remotus.

p.

tristicia, mesticia.

Hytchyn', or remevyii' (hychyn,

Hevynesse
lencia.

of slepe.

SompnoPonde-

hytchen,

hythen,

j.

w.)i

He^^ynesse of wyghte.
rositas, gravitas.

Hewyn'.

Seco, c. f.

Ahscido. Succido. Hevyn', or schoppyii' to-gedyr thyngys of dyuerse kyndys. Conscido. Hewynge (or haldvynge, snpra.^
Seccio.

Hewyn' a-wey. Hewyn' downe.

Amoveo, movco, removeo. Hytchinge, or remevynge (hichynge, k. hyhchynge, harl. ms. 2274.) Amocio, remocio. Hyyn, idem quod hastyn', supra.

Hyynge,

or hastynge. Festinacio,

festinancia, properacio.

HvLLE. Mons, coUis, lihanus. HvLDYR, or eldyr (hillerntre,

ellernetre,

k.
el-

norne

tre,

harl. ms. 2274, p.)^ Sambucus.

Forby, to hitch means to change place " a man is often deroom to hitch anj-thing which happens to be in the way. Isl. hika, cedere (Joco.y To hilvc and to hick are used in a similar sense. To hitch is explained by Johnson as signifying " to catch, or move by jerks," and so used by Pope. Skinner would derive the exprcssion " hitch buttock, hitch neighbours," or " level coyl,
'

In Norfolk, according

to

sired to hitch, in order to raake

used by boys in playing, who bid one another move, and inake way for from Ang.-Sax. hicj^an, moliri, niti, or Fr. hocher. See Jamieson, v. Hatch, and Hotch. Brockett gives to hitch, hop on one foot. * See the note on the word eldyr, or hyldyr, or hillerne tre. Ang.-Sax. ellarti, samliicus. In some parts of England the name hildcr is still in use ; and in Germany
{levez le cnl,)"

the next in

turn,

240
Hylly,

PR0MPT0RIU3I PAnvULORUM.
or fulle of byllys.

Monh.

Hyndyr parte
K.)

of a beste (party, of

tuosus.

Clunis.

Hyllyn'

(hyllen

or

cuvyu,

(Hynder party

ship, k.

coueren, p.)^

Operio^ cooperio^ clothys (hillinge

iego^ velo, cordcgo.

hpidyr part, s.) Pvppis. Hynderyx', or bacchyu' (bakkyn',

s.)

Hyllynge wythe

of clothes, K. p.) tegmen, velamen.

Tegumentum,

HuNDRYD,
ficatus.

Retrofacio. or hai-myd.

Dampni-

Hyllyxge,

or corerynge of what
be.

Hyndryn', idem quod hakmyx',

supra.

thyugo hyt
(Hylly^'Ge,
in or

Coopertura,

cooj)ertorium, operimentum

Hyndrynge,

or

hannynge.

happynge, infra
Capulus.

WAPPYNGE.)
of a swerde.
beste.

Dampnificacio. Hyxtyd. Eaptus.

Hylt

Hyxtyn'

(or revyii, infixi

liyn-

Hyynde,
C0M3I.

Damula, damus,

tyn, or hentyn, k. h. p.)- Jiajyio,

(^arripio, P.)

It was supposed that Judas hanged bimself upon an elder tree, the tree is called Ilolder. and Sir John Maundevile, v.ho wrote in 1356, speaks of the tree as being still shown at Of the superstitious notions in relation to this tree, see Jerusalem. Voiage, p. 112. Brand's Pop. Antiq. under Physical Charms. verb to hiil, and the substantive hilling, appear to be in use in many parts of The
'

In the writings of the faut are not noticed in the East-Anglican glossaries. older authors they occur frequently. See R. Brunne, P. Pioughm., Chaueer. and Gower. " Cooperio, to hyll to-gyder. " Tec/o, Tegnieidum,, a hyllynge, a couerynge." ortus. Circumuniictus, a-bowte helynge, or clothynge. Architictor, to hille; tegmen, an helynge. " I hyll, I an helyour of a hous. Cooperio, to hule, or keraere {sic.y med. jis. cant. wrappe or lappe, ie couvre : you must hyll you wel nowe a nyghtes, the wether is colde. Hylling a coueryng, roftye-i-^j/i-f Hyllyngofan house, cov.ve-rture.tecte." palsg. '^ Paliatif, cloaking, hilling ouer, couering, hiding. Palier, to hiil ouer," &c. cotg. Ang.-Sax. helan, celare. Sir John Maundevile, speaking of tlie Tartars, says that " the helynge of Voiage, p. 298. Walsinghere houses, and the wowes, and the dores ben alle of wode." ham calls the rebel Wat, " Walterus helier, vel tyler." Camd. Anglioa, pp. 252, 264. In " Objeetions of Freres," "Wiclitfe makes the observation that " Freres wollen not be the The accounts of the churchwardens of apeied with food and heling," that is, ciothing. Walden comprise the item, " a le Iderh de Thaxstede jtvr byndynge, hyllynge et bosynge de toics les liveres en le vestiart/e.'" Hist. of Audley End, p. 220. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, it is said, " loke thou ordenne J^at the leves of the yates be keuered and hilled with raw hides." Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. 100. Bp. Ktnnett has the fol" Helings, Stragula, bed-cloaths, vox in usu apzid lowing notes in Lansd. MS. 10-33 Ejmdeni origi/ds videtur esse apud Oxo/iienses. Isl. hil, iigo, hulde, texi ; Sax. Helan. Septe/itrionales, to huU into bed ; the hulls of corne, i. the husks ; a swine hull, i. a swine stie. coverlet in Derbyshire is called a Anglis etiam niediterra/ieis to hele est ttgere. Thatchers in bed-healing, and in some other parts absolutely a healing, and a hylling. Yorkshire are called helliars, and so are the coverere with slat in London, and most parts of England. Compare fojihelvn, In old authors the eye-brows are called heliugs.''

England,

celo,
^

and hatxe, hed hillynge.

This verb oceurs in niost of the early writers
:

see R. Glouc. p.

204

Vis. P.

Ploughm.

PROlirTORIUM TARVULORUM.

241

Hype

of

jje

legge.
01-

Femur.
Claucratis,

Hyppynge,
dicacio.

haltynge.i

Stipenclium, salarium, manipulus, c. f. Hyryd man, or servawntc. Conductius, conductia, inercenarius,

Hyre.

Hyrdyl.
C. F.

Plecta, Jlecta,

Hyrdys, or

herdys of flax, or hempe.2 Sfnppa, c. f. et uo. stips, najita, cath. et c. f.

mercenaria {conducticius, Hyryn'. Conduco. Hyrne.3 Angulus. Hyse, or hys. Suus.

used likewise by Shakespeare.

s. p.

14,258

Chaucer, Knight's T. 906.

It is

See Nares.

"Kyng
"
.

Richard his ax

in

honde he hente."

R. Coer de Lion, 4027.

I hente, I take by vyolence, or to catche, ie hapjye : this terme is nat vttcrly comen." In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS, 18 A. XII. it is said PALSG. of elephants used in war, " somme ordenned ayenst thies bestes fote menne wele hillede aboue wyth platcs, havyng on her shuldres and on ber helmes sharp pikes, that if J>e ohfaunt wolde oughte henche, or catche hem (posset apprehendere), the prickes shulde lette hym." B. iii. c. 24. Compare cahchynge, o? hentynge kyppyn, or hynton and REVYN, or by vyolence take awey, or hyntyn. Ang.-Sax. hentan, rajoere. Compare the verb ovyr hyppyn, or ouer skyppyn. Hyppynge occurs in the sense of hopping, Vis. of P. Ploughm. 11,488, and to hip has in the North a like signification ; hipping stones are steppings at the passage of a shallow stream. The word seems here to be taken from the irregular movement or bopping of the halt person. Gower says of Vulcan,
: ; '

"

He had a courbe upon his backe, And therto he was hippe halte."

Conf.

Am,

Tent.hip^elen; suhsilire. Jamieson gives hypalt, a cripple ; to hypal, or hirple, to go lame. In Norfolk to himp and to limp are synonymous. ^ *' Stupa, hyrdes of hempe, or of flax. Siupo, to stop with hurdes." med. ms. cant. " Hxtupo, Ane/lice to do awaye hardes or tawe. Stiqni, stub, ehaf, or towe." ortus. Amongst the various significations of najAa, given in the Catliolicon, it is said " napta etiam, seeiindnr/i Papiam, diciii(r pnrffanientuiii lini.'''' The word occurs in the Wicliffite " And sche criede to him, Sampson version, Judges xvi. 9 Felisteis ben on J>ee, which brak J?e boondis as if a man brekith a |>rede of herdis (jilum de stupti, Vulg.) wrij^un wij> spotle." Chaucer, in the Kom. of Rose, deseribes the dress of Fraunchise, callod a suckeny, or rokette,
;
!

" That not of hempe herdes was, So faire was none in all Arras."
j!e /< de hourras." In Norfolk, according to Forby, hards signify coarse flax, otherwise tow-hards, in other parts of England called hurds ; and in many places a coarse kind of linen cloth is still termed harden, or hirden. The Invent. of the effects of Sir John Conyers, of Sockburne, Durham, 1567, coniprises "vij. harden

In the original, "

xv. pair of harden sheats, xxs." Wills and Inv. Surtees Soc. i. 268. s. hempe, iillaffe de chamure (ichainvre), estovpes.'''' palsg. " Hirdes, or " Grettes de lin, the hards, or towe of flax." towe, of flaxe, or hempe, stupa." baret. COTG. Aug.-Sax. heordas, stupce. * " Angidus, a coruere, or a herne. Pentangulus, of fyue hirnes." med. "An hyrne, angidus, gonus.'''' cath. ang. The gloss on lAher vocatus Eq%ius, renders " antris, darke hernys." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 113. Rob. Glouc. and Chaucer use this word, which has occurred previously aa synonymous with halke. Forby gives CAMD. SOC. 2 I
table clothes, i\

" Heerdes

of

242

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or schraggynge, s.)
c. F.

Hyssyn', as edclerys (heddyr, k.

Sibilo. nedrys, h. nedders, p.) Hyssyxge of eddcrs, or ojier lyke.

Sirculus,

{sarculus,

s.

P.)

HoKYD.
HoL,
(hole,

Hamatus.
HARL. Ms. 2257, Cavus.
as

Sibi(lys {sibilus, s.)

as pypys, or percyd thyngys

Hyt, or tovrcbyd. Tactus. Hyttynge, or towcliynge. Tactus.

holas

lowe, v.y

Hy^^

Alveare, ulveaapiarium. Hyvyn', or put yn' hyvys. Apio. Hy])E, where bootys ryve to londe,
for

bees.

HoLow%

vessellys

(hol,

rium,

c. F.

vesselle or other lyke, k. hole,

as vessellys, s.)

Concavus.
r.)

HooL
HooL

fro

brekynge (hole,

In-

or stonde.i

Stacio, c. f.

teger.

HoBY, hawke.
etus, c. F. et

Alaudarius, ali-

fro

sekenesse (or heyl, h.

KYXW. (sparrus,

p.)

hole,
sospes.

p.)

Sanus,

incolumis,

Hoche,

vfhyche (hnsch, s. hoche, or hutche, h. p.)2 Cista, archa.

or

HoLDYx'. Teneo. Holdyn', or wythe-holdyfi'.

tinco, retineo.

De-

HooDE. HoDYD.

Capicium (cajnicium, p.)

Capic.iatus.

HoLDYXGE.
Holdy^nge.

Tenens.

Hoodyn'. HoDY^NGE.

Capncio

(^capicio, k.)

Tenax,

tencio,

cle-

Capiciatura.

tencio, retinencia, retencio.

HoGGE, swyne. Nefrendis, maialis, CATH. et c. F. Hee omnia ug.

in frendere (yporcus, p.)

HoLE, or bore. Foramen. Hoole, or huske (hole, s. holl,

Siliqua.

r.)

HooKE
uncus.

(hoke,

K.

p.)

Hamus,

HooLE

of pesyn', or benys, or o])er

coddyd frute (hole of peson, or

huske, or codde, k. cod frute, p.)* Techa, cath. infresus.

HooKE

to hewe wode, or schrydynge (hoke to hev wyth woode,

" herne, a nook of land, projecting into another district, parish, or field." At Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, there is a street called Cold-hirne street, vvhich traverses an angular piece of ground adjoining the contiuence of the Lyn and tlie Ouse. Ang.-Sax. hyrn, oijv.lv.s. Hyye, jis. The Winch. MS. agrees here in the reading " hyy," but it is cvident Ang.-Sax. hy5, portus. Hithe occurs in names of sea ports, that hyj>e is more correct. and even landing places on rivers, far from the coast. See Forliy's oljservations on this word. Exaniples are not wanting at Lynn, where a lazar-house is mentioned at the spot in the grant of Edw. VI. 1548, it is called Sechehithe, or called Setchliithe, in 1432 Oxburgli hithe is remote from the main the sedgy landing. Blomf. Norf. iv. 599. Woman hithe and Beek hithe occur near Cronier. ^ HuTCHE, Ms. By the alpliabetical arrangement, the reading, as given from Sir T. In the King's Coll. MS. the word is omitted. Pliillipps' MS. seems here to be correct. hereafter. Ang.-Sax. hwaicca, aira. See HUTCHE, 2 " Holle, cavv.s, natura concircvs, arle cavafus, inanis. An hollnes, cavitas.'''' cath.
'
;

In Norfolk hoU is still coDimonly used. Ang.-Sax. hol, cavus. In the recipe for " blaunehe perreye " it is direeted to " sethe the pesyn in fyre leye," and then rub thcm with woollen cloth, and " J?e holys wyl a-\vay." Harl. MS.

ANG.
*

PROMPTOniUM PARVULOUUM.

243

HooLE, or pyt yn an
other lyke (holc, or

liylle,

or
s.)

erytli,

Holy. Sanctus, sacer. HoLY, heuei\]y. Celeb}'is, ua.

in celo.

Caverna,

c. f.

HooLE

of a schyppe (holle, k. p.)

c. F.

Carina,

(HoLEN, or curen of sekenes,

supra
curo.)
in

k.

s.

helen,

p.

Sano,
or-

(Holily, p.) Sancte. HoLY", halwyd place (holyly halwyde places, s.) Asilum, c. f. HoLY HOKKE, or wyklc malowe (malwe, k. s.) Altea, malviscus. HoLYNESsE. Sanctitas, sanctimonia.

Holyn',

make

or boiyn' hoolys, p.)i

(hoolen,

Cavo, j^er-

HoLM, place be-sydone a watur

(be-syde a water, s.y
Ilulnms.

foro, terehro.

Skinner derives tlie word from Ang.-Sax. helan, tegere. " Hull of a beane 279, f. 25. Hull or barcke of a tree, escorce." palsg. " Gomse, tlie huske, svvad, or pese, escosse. of beanes, pease," &c. coxn. cod, huU Gerarde says that Avena mula is called iii Norfolk and Sutfolk " unhulled otes." In the Craven dialect, the hull is the skin of a potatoe, or the liusk of a nut, and to hull signifies to peel off the husk of any seed in Hampshire the husk of corn is ternied the hull. " Follicula uvdntm, the huskes, hulles, or skinnes of grapes. Perkarpmm,folliculus,siliqua, the huske or liull, inclosing the seede." Junius' Nomenel. by Higins. ' "To hole, cavare, im-forare, d-c. uhi to tliyrle." cath. ang. " Palare, cavare,forare, Anglice to hole, or to bore." Equiv. John de Garlandia. "A.-S. holian, excavare. * The primary meaning of the Ang.-Sax. word Holni appears to lie water or ocean it iniplies also a river island, or a level meadow, especially near a stream. It is recorded in the Sax. Chron. A.D. 903, that a great fight occurred between the Kentish men and the Danes " set ^am Holme," but the precise locality has not been ascertained. Holm signifies also an elevated spot, as in the instance of the Steep-liolm, so called by way of distinction from the Flat-holm, islands in the mouth of the Severn. Leland, in his Comm. in Cygn. cant. (Itin. ix. 69,) would derive Dunolmus, Durham, from dune, a " Holme vero eniineniis loci, i/derdum ef hill, and holme, which he interprets thus sglvosi, ei aquis circumsfpti veriicem, cnit emineniiam exprimit." Bp. Kennett has " Homes, properly holms, whieb signified originaliy river-islands, the following remarks or green islands surrounded by running streams from a resemblance whereof meadows and pasture grounds are in some places ealled Homes. meadow by the late Abbey of St. Austin's, Canterbury, was commonly ealled North-homes and a flat pasture in Romney Marsh is yet called the Holmes, &c. An Holm, an island, Westm. hence HolmeMill-holms, watery places about a niill dam, from mill, and cultram, Holmby house, &c. Sax. holin, whieh signifies two things, as a hill or rising ground, and a green island, or from whence the name of many places almost surplace almost enclosed with water rounded with water, as Axholin, Evesholm, coiruptly Evesham, &c. The howmes, a green piecc of ground near Tiiirske in Yorkshire, lying between the rivcr Codbeck and the brook called Sewel." Lansd. MS. 103;j. In Lincolnshire, as especially near the Trent, the name is frequent as likewise in Norfolk, and in the vicinity of Lynn, and denotes both low pastures, and elevations of tiifling magnitude, but which were perhaps insulated, before drainiiig liad been effected. Simon Earl of Iluntingdon, who founded St. Andrew's Priory, Northampton, about T084, granted " tres dalos j)rati, et unum ;''"' and in the donation of H. de Pyiikeneye to Canons' Ashby, in 1298, he /mlnium bestowed ''' totam pccsturam iHam que vocai%ir le Huiles, c;k duohus holniis in campis Wedone et W^estone." Mon. Ang. i. 680, iii. 292.
: ;
: :

244

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or holy.^ of

HoLME, HoLM,
holm

Ulmus, Jmssns. sonde yn thc see

(hohies,

K. of a

vesselle

voyd

(holme of sownde in ]>e see, k. or sond of the see, harl. lus. 2274, of the sonde in the see,
or hahn, supra,
fro
et

wdthin, H. p.) HoLRYSCHE, or

p.)- Bitdlassiim, c. F. vel hulmus.

(HoLME,

infra

in STOBUL.)

HooLNEssE
nesse, k.)

brekjnge (hola vessellc, or wvtlie-yn forthe

Concavitas. buh-ysche (hool ryschyn, k. holryschyne, harl. MS. 2274. )3 Fajnrus. Holsum. Saluher, salutiferus. HoLSUMNESSE. Salubritas. Holt, l)"tylle wode.^ Lucus, virgultum, vibranum.

Integritas.

HooME,
HooMLY.5

or

dwelly(n)ge

place.

HoLOWNEssE
other
l3'ke

of

Mancio.
Farniliaris, domesticus.

Parkinson gives holm, as a name of tlie holly in the North it is ealled hollin. Ang.Sax. holen, aqv.ifolium. The Gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth renders " hous, holyn." " liustvs est quedam arlor qve semper tenet vhidiiatem, Anylice a.holyn.^'' ortus. " An \\o\-^'n, Jmssus ; an holyn heY\, Iiussvvk'" cath. ang. It is said of St. Bernard, in the Golden Legend, tliat after he becanie Abbot of Clairvaux, " he often made his pottage with leues of holm." Sherwood gives " hollie, holme, or huluer tree, houx, housson, In Norfolk the holly is calied hulver, according to Forby. mesplier sauvar/e.'''' Compare
:

HULWUR,
^

tre, hereafter.

" Jiiialassum. a ])laee \>er two sees rennen." med. In the WicHffite version, Dedis " And wlian \ve fellen into a place of gravel gon al aboute xxvii. 41 is thus rendered v\ij) J^e see {locv.m dilhulaasim., Vulg.) ]>ei hurtleden J>e ship." Holni seems here to denote the peniiisula, or accumulation of alluvial deposit formed at a contluence of waters. It is, however, remarkable tliat the name does not appear to be thus applied on the Norfolk coast, especially in tlie neighbourhood of Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, and where such deposits are made to a vast extent by the Ouse, and other streams that fiow into tlie Wash. ^ Tliis name seems to be derived from Ang.-Sax ho\,cavus, and risc, juncus ; but as the Scir-fvs kicvstris, Linn. comnionly called bull-rush, has not a hollow but a spongy stem, the proper intention of tiie term is obscure. * " Holt, a wood. It is yet used lor an orchard, or any place of trees, as a cherryliolt, an apple-holt, Bunelm. Isl. hollte, salebra:.'''' Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1033. Skinner says that holt denotes a grove, or multitude of trees planted tliick together, and Tooke asserts that it is the p. part of Ang.-Sax. helan, to cover, and signifies a rising ground or knoll covered witli trees. Tlie word occurs in Cant. T. Prol. iine 6 Launfal, tsc. Among the benefactions of John Hotliam, Bp. Ely, it Lydgate's Thebes is recorded that in 1320 he appropriated, for the distribution of alnis on liis anniversary, " tenemehium vocatum Lythgates, ei Barkeres, cum qvodam abieto vocato Lythgates holt.'' Hist. Elien. Ang. Sacra, i. 643. "Holte, a lytell vvoode, 2^(tit hoys." palsg. " Touffe de hois, a hoult, a tuft of trees growing neere a house, and serving for a marke or grace iinto the seat thereof.'' cotg. See Jamieson. In nnmes of places it is of occasional occurrence, as the Holt, a wood near Havant, Hants; Knocli-holt wood, near Tenterden, Kent and in Norfolk, according to Forby, a small grove, or plantation, is called a holt, as nut-holt, osier-holt, gooseben^-holt, &c. Ang.-Sax. liolt, lucus. * In the complaint of the Ploughman, t. Edw. III., given by Foxe, under the year " He that forsaketh the charge of 1360, the following version is cited of i. Tim. v. 8 tliilke that bcn honielich wilh him {suorifia, et maxinie domesticorum, Vulg.) hath for
:

PROMPTOniUM PAKVULORUM.

245
byyndynge
circiilus,

(HoMLiMAN, or woman,

k.

Do-

HooPE,
K.)

vcsselle

(hoi^e,

viesticus, domestica, familiaris.^

Cuneus,

dicc.

HoMLY,
HooNE,
COS,

or

yn homly maner.
barbaiys

Do

HooPYN,' or
vesselle.

settyii'

hoopys on a

mestice, familiaritev.

Cuneo.
trustyii', or

instrument.

HorE.

Sjies.

KYLW.

et

DICC.

Hopyn', or

soposyii'.

HoNY.

HoNY HoNY
in

Mel. cooM (honycom, k.) Favus. socLE. Apiago, ug. v.

(locusta, a.)

Estimo, spero, cath. arhitror. HoppE, sede for beyre (bere,

K. p.)i

Hummulus, secundum

A.

extraneos.

saken his fayth, and is worse than a misbeleued man :" (in the Wicliffite version " his owne, and moost of his household raen.") Here, and in Gral. v. 10, Wicl. version the word seems to be used precisely in the sense given to it in the Promptorium ; but it " Homely, famylier, through a denotes also familiar, by acquaintance, aud presuming. quaynted, /au7ie?'. Homelynesse, priuaulte. Homely, saucye, to perte, mulapert." PALSG. Horman says that " homelynesse {fiducia) comynge of a true harte, is a maner of vertue," where it seems to imply familiar contidence and he uses the word also as " He was homely with her, or had to do with her." follows It should seem that the eala, or swatan of the Anglo-Saxons, were not compounded with any bitter condiraent, which was essential to the concoction of beer, a drink of Flemish or German origin, and until the XVIth cent. imported from the Continent or brewed by foreigners only in this country. The Promptorium gives bere cervisia hummuliiia, as distinguished from ale, vvhich was not hopped Caxton, in the Boke for Travellers, speaking of drinks, makes the distinction, " Ale of England, Byre of Alemayne " and it appears by the Customs of London, Arnold's Chron. 87, that beer was first made in London by " byere brewars, straungers Flemyngis, Duchemen " &e. a recipe for making single beer with malt and hops is given, p. 247. It has been asserted that the use of hops was forbidden by Hen. VI. in consequence of a petition of the Commons, mentionod by FuUer, in his Worthies, under Essex, against " the wicked weed called hops " but no record of the prohibition has been found, and the petition does not appenr on the RoUs of Parliament. In the time of Hen. VIII. some prejudice seems to have arisen regarding their use, for among the articles for the reform of sundry misuscs in the royal household, 1531, is an injunction to the brewer not to put any hops or brimstone into the ale. Archteol. iii. 157. Hops, called in Dutch Iloppe, Germ. Hopften were introduced into England from Artois, between 10 and 15 Hen. VIII. as affirmed in Stowe's Chron. about the time of the expedition against Tournay. Bullein in the " Bulwarke of Defence," written about 1550, speaks of hops as growing in Sufiolk. They are mentioned in the stat. 5 and 6 Edw. VI. c. 5, 1552, as cultivated in England Stat. of Realm, iii. 135. Among the privileges conceded to the strangers from the Low Countries, who settled at Stamford, 1572, is a clause regarding the free exercise of husbandry, in which are speciiied hops, and all tliings necessary to gardens. Strype, Life of Parker, App. 115. Tlie management of hops was quickly acquired, as appears by the instructions given by Tusser, in March'3 and June's husljandry, published 1557. See also the Treatise by Reyn. Scott, 1574 ; and Harrison's Deser. of liritain Holinsh. i. 110. The remarks of Leonard Mascall in his Art of Planting, under the bead of " certeyne Dutch practises," p. 85, edit. 1592, are detailed, and curious and he appears to have been conversant with the raethod adopted in Flanders. The stat. 1 Jac. I. c. 18, against the deterioration of hops, shows that a largo quantity was still supplied in 1603 from foreign parts. See Beckman's Hist. of Invontions, iv. 325, and Culluiu^s Hawsted, 202,
; : ' ; ;

246

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
of flax (hooppe, seed

HooPE, sede

spurius,

spima, pelignus, pek.)

Sinoduhim, liaodium, KYLw. (limidulum, p.)

or flax, s.y

ligna (pelinus, p.)

HooRD,

Hoppyn' as
othor lyke.

fleys,

or froscbys, or

tresowre (horde, Thesaurus, herarium.

infra
in

Scdio.

(HooRDHOWSE,
SOWRIE.)

tre-

Hoppyn', or skyiDpyn', infm (or dawnsen, k. p.) Scdto.

HoRE, ATomafi

(hoore, h. p.)

Me-

HoppYNGE, or skyjipynge.
tacio.

Scd-

retrix {pelix, p.)

HoREHOwsE, supra
of a mylle, or a tramale
DEiiLE.

HopuR

in B. bor{Lupanar, fornix, p.)

s.

s.)^ Taratantcwa, CATH. farricapsinm, dicc. HopuR of a seedlepe (or a seedlepe, HARL. Ms. 2274.) Sa-

(tramel,

HoEEL,

or bullowre (hollowr,
p.)*
leno,

hulour,
cantor,
(lecatoi',

Forniccdor, lirivcdis, mechus,

licantrix,
s.

fornicatrix,
k.
ncdis, p.)

mecha
cori-

torium, saticidum, UG. v. in S. Manzer, HoRcop, bastarde.3

leciatrix,

'

Tliis obsolete appellation of linseed

occurs in the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth.

"

Du

De

lyn av.eret le hoceaus (hoppen,) canlre auerez les cordeus (ropes.)"

Arund. MS. 220,

is

f.

299,

b.

In the Liher vocatus femina,

MS.

Trin. Coll. Cant. this passage

givcn as

follosvs.

" Ore alez h semer v're bjnois, Now go^ to sow jour flex.

Qar de hjnois vous airez lez husceaux, For of fiex 30 haue Jjyje hoppes."

The Ortus
coriius,
'^

gives " aimnn est noraen herhe, ache, or hoppe; " and in the interpretations by Master Creotfrey of Joh. de Garland. de Equiv. occur '' Corna, fructus corrd, hoppe

quidam

arhor, Iioppe tre,

'ut

quidam

dicuiit.^''

" An hopyr, /crjvra/Ma, est moleudiiii; saticulum, saium, seminarium..^' cath. ang. The proper distinction is here made between the hopper, or the trough wherein the grain
is put in order to be ground, nientioned by Chaucer, Reve's T. 4009, so termed from the hopping movement given to it, and the seed-leep, which was also called a hopper. " Hopper of a niyll, </(;/) ye." palsg. " Seminarium, vas fjuo ponitur semen, an bopre." MED. It is in this last sense Ihat Perkyn the Ploughman says that he will become a

pilgrini,

"

And hange myn

hoper

at

myn

Instede of ascryppe."

hals Yis. of P.

Ploughm.

line

3917.
;

and In Lincolnshire, aceording to Bp, Kcnnett, a little hand-basket is termed a hoppet in Yorkshire a hopper is "a seed lip, or basket wherein the sower puts his corn." Lansd. MS. 1033. An implenient of douiestio use, piobably for grinding grain, is mentioned auiong the eftects of Thos. Arkyudall, of Northallerton, 1499. leed and y' stane, xij. d. hoppyng tre, vj. d." Wills and Inv. Surt. Soc. i. 104. See tramaly of a mylle, CUED LEPE, and SEED LEPP. 2 Palsgiave gives " horecoppe,'" without any French word. * Sce HULLOWRE. Horell, Townl. Myst. "Horreli, or whoremonger, concuhifor, lihidiHaHiu." huloet. A del)auclicd person was calied in Fr. k-nwiear.

"A

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(HORLEGE,
tnfra
iii

247
Ephijjrpyum,
Strigilis,

Slip7'a

ill

DYALE,
in

et

HoRSYS

colcre.

HoRNE.
HoRXARE,

orlage.) Cornu,
vires.

coMM. columhar.
et

plitr.

HoRSE
HoRs,

conibe.
gelt, or

uo. in

cornua sunt

strideo.

or honie makc(r).' Cornutarius. HoRNYD. Cormitus. HoRN KEKE, fysche (horne stokc, s. hornkek, or garfysshe, p.)^ kylw. HoRNPYPE.3 Palpista,
(jjsalmista, s.)

gelt horse.

Cau-

terius,

cath.
UG.
Lectica, ua. in kfio. v. iii B. {hasEp){ip)liia, c. f.

HoRSBERE.5
bajulum,
terna, s.)

HoRSYS harneys.
falerum,
c. f.

HoRONE,

herbe.-*

Collocasia,

manibium, pirassa. HoRS. Equus.

'

HoRSYs maue. HoRSKEPARE

Equarius.

Juha, cath. (hoTsman',

s.)

The art of working in horn was one in which the English were formerly much skilled. In 1464 the hornera presented a petition to Parliament against strangers, who came " to understond the konnyng and feate of makyng of horns." Rot. Parl. iv. 567. " Horner, a maker of liornes, corneiiier; horneresser, a woman, corneitiere.'''' palsg. ^ " Hornkecke, a fysshe lyke a mackerell." palsg. Esox helone, Linn. Ang.-Sax. horn, See garfysciie. corim, and cea^c, (/eua. ^ Chaucer, in the Rom. of R. speaks of the discordant sounds of " hornepipes of Cornewaile," which, as it has been remarked in the note on the word cormuse, seem to have been identical with that instrument, called likewise, according to Roquefort, muse, in Latin musa. The rustie dance, to which the name of hornpipe was transferred from tlie instrument that served as an accompaniment, seems to be described by Jean de Meung, where he relates tliat Pygmaliou took the " insirumc/is de Coriiouaille,'''' or " muse,'''' and danced to animate his statue. Rom. de la Rose, 21,874. The horn-pipe is mentioned as a musical instrument by Spenser and B. Jonson. No explanation has been found of the
is the white horehound. Marruhiuni vulgare, Linn. A.-S. hara-hune, riuirruhiuui. " Horon, a herbe. Horehounde, herbe, langue de chien.'''' palsg. * The horse-Iitter, or horse-bere, Ang.-Sax. bsere, feretrura, grahatus, was used at an early period in Eiigland, and probably introduced from the South. See Mr. Markland's Remarks on Carriages, Archffioi. xx. 445. Bede relates that Ceolfrid, Abbot cf Wiremuth, pursued his journey to Rorae, during wliich he died, A.D. 716, "r?(m ad hoc per

word palpista. The plant here intended

injirmiLaterii deveniret, ut equitare 7ion valens fereiro cahallario veheretur.'''

W. Malmsb.

Rufus was conveyed by the rustics to Winchester " in rheda, cahallaria,'''' which in the Polychronicon is termed a " horse bere," and by Fabian a " horse litter." M. Westm. describes the retreat of King John from Swineshead, wlien, having lost his " higas, et qitasdam cliteUas,'''' in the Wash, and falling sick, he was thus carried to Newark, "facta lerticd equestri, descendit de palfrido, et ipsam intravit.'''' G. de Bibelesworth, who wrote in the reign of Edw. I. says,
relates that the corpse of

"

Pur

eyse

eii litier

(on hors bere)

hom

chiuauche.^''

" Basterna est theca manualis vel itineris, a carre, or a chareot, or horse lytter. Lectica dicitur airrus in quo defertvr lectus; et proprie lectus portahilis, a charet or a horslytter." " Horse lytter, letiere aux cheuavlx palsg. Horse litters, called by Commenius ORTUS.
.''"'

arcerce or lecticce, carried

by tvvo horses, according to the fashion in use in Hollaud, are represented in the Orbis Sensualium, p. 111, ed. 1659.

248

PHOMPTORIUM PARVULORUil.
or

HoRSMAN,

he

J)at

rydythe

HosEBOND
ritus.

(as,

K.)

weddyd man
p.)

Equester. Balsamita, HoRSMVNTE, herbe.

(horsys, s.)

(hosbonde or husbonde,

3Ia-

mentastmm.

HosEBONDE

(or husbonde, infra')

HoRSCHO
p.)
c. F.

(horsissho, k. horsis sho,

Bahatum, kylw. fernis,

(balatitm, k. p.)
tayle.

of (wise, K. p.) gonernaunce of au howsholde. Paterfamilias. HosEARE, or he \&t makythe

HoRSYS

Penis, cath.

hosyne (hose^ere, k. hosiare,

hoser', p.)3

s.

Hoos

(hors, k. hoorse, p.)^

Rau2274.

Caligarius.

cus, UG.

HoosHEDE,
HARL.
MS.

or hoosnesse (hoshed,

(HOORSXESSE,

Raucor.) HosE.2 Caliga (osa, cath. s.) HosuN, or doii on hosim (hosyn, Caligo. or done on hosnn, k.)

K. hoorshede, or hoorsnesse, p.) Raucitas, raucor.

HoosE, or cowghe
K.
host,

(host, or cowhe, cowgth, s. hoost, HARL. MS. 2274. )4 Tussis.

or

' The reading may seem here to be questionable, but the Winch. MS. agrees in giving Wachter observes Cliaucer writes " liorse of sowne," spealdng of a hunter's horn. hoos. that hoarse seems to lead to Ger. hreis, hreiscli, formed from Lat. raucus, but hoos, and hoosnesse, which occurs just below, resemble more nearly the Ang.-Sax. has, rav.cus, and In tlie Lat. Eng. Vocab. Royal MS. 17C. XVII. is given " raucedo, hasnys, rancedo. hasnes." Horman says, "hehath a great ha,&kenes, ffra,vi asthmate implicatur.'''' Compare harske, or haske, above. ^ The precise nature of the article of dress, to w^liich the name hos was given by the Anglo-Saxons, it is not easy to defiue it is rendered by Elfric ^' califja, ocrea.'''' In early illuminations their legs are frequently represented as covered by bands, as it seems, wound around them, and these perhaps were termed hose-bendas, wliich lias been supposed to denote garters. The vvord hose is common to the Dutcli, Danish, and leelandic languages, and tlie old French houses, or heuses, seem to have been identical tlierewith. P. AVarnefridus states tliat the Lombards used hose {hosis), and wore over tliem " tuhrugos hirreos,'' " Calreo, i. caligas et sotulares induere, to wlien on horsebacli. Gest. Longob. iv. c. 23. Caliya, hose ; calicula, a lytell hose." put on hose. Oso, i. osas calciare, to house. " An hose, crt//^a. Versas : Sv.at ocree coligequos tihia portat arnictus. To hose, ORTUS.
:
'

calciare, caligare."

Hosyn and shossys, cath. ang. " Hose for ones legges, chausses. Payre of hose from the kne vp, denig chausses. Payre of sloppe hoses, In the XVItli cent. tlie term hose was used to denote the braiettes a marinier." palsg. entire nether garment, comprising tlie upper stoclis, or breeches, and the nether-stocks of hosen, or stockings. The directions of Queen Eliz. by proclamation in 1565 are curiously
cha{u)ssure.
explieit as to the prescribed properties of this
article

of dress.

Strype's

Ann. VoL

i.

App. 78.

" Hosyer, that maketh hosen, ^ "An hosyrer {sic) calciator, caligator.'' cath. ang. Sherwood observes on the word " Hosier, chaussetier; aujourdhici chamsettier." palsg. (1660) d Londres ou ajifelle aiusi les coustui-iers qui vendent les hahits ^''hoinme tov^
fo.iis."
*

CATU. ang. " hoost." MED.

" Tiissis,ho&i.'^ Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " An host, tussis; to host.tu-ssire." iJrtMcecZo, hoocenesse rrt((Ci't^(W, hooce ; raucidulus, sum dclehoce; raucus, Forby gives hoist, a cough. Ang.-Sax. hwosta, tussis.
;

" Yvresce fait fort home chatouner (creopen,)

Home

aroee (hoos)/aii ha^U huper (jellen.)"

G. de Bibelesw.

rROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Hostyn'.
literd.

249

Oscito,

vo.

u.

in

II.

Ho.styn', or rowhyfi', or

cowghyu

Hotyn', or make behestc (hotyn Promitto. or behotyn, k. v.y Hotynge, or behotynge, or behest
(l:)ehestynge, k.)

(rowwhyn, h. rewyu, or cowhyn, S.) TuSSio, CATU. tUSSitO, CATU. HooT. Calidus, fervidus. HOOTT BATHE. Murtetuni, CATU.
et
c. F. et

Promissio.
C<defactio.

HoTYNGE,
s.)

or hetynge.

HoAVE, or what (howj, or qwow,

Quomodo,
or
hure,

qnaliter.

uo. in mordeo,
p.)

et

in

HowE,

heed
f.

{plurali, s.) terme, c. f.

(HoTYN, or hetyn, supra,

(howue, 8. capedulum,

p.)^
c.

hyllynge Tena, cath.

sidaris, c. f.

Compare cowyn or
See
'

hostyn.

The Craven

dialect

still

retains the

word

hoste, hoarseness.

also Jamieson.

Hety3<', MS. "Spondeo, to be-hoote. S^ionsor et fidejussor, a heetere." med. ms. " Promitto, Anglice to behyght. Promissio, a buheste. Dispondeo, to be-hyght, CANT. " To beheste, destinare, Nutio, a promyse, or hyghtynge." ORTUS. or to plyght trouth. Combeheste, policiiacio, promissum, vottim.'''' cath. ang. vovere, promiltere, dx. Ang.-Sax. hatan, jVi^ere y beh^tan, vovere. pare behotvn, or make a beheste, above. the Ploughrnan, given by Foxe, under tlie year 1360, it is said, In the eomplaint of " tliough we preyen thee but a litle and shortiich, thou wilt thenken on vs, and grauiiteu

vs that vs nedeth, for so thou behighted vs somtime " and again, " thou yliightcst some tyme, &c. He (the Pope) behoteth men the blisse of heauen, witiiouten any Hote, signifying a promise, is used by R. Brunne; payne, that geuen him much money." and the verb, thou hete, het, or hight, thou didst it occurs in the Townl. Myst. p. 46 promise. By R. Glouc. and other writers to hote is used in the sense of to command, or
:

be called.
This term, derived from Ang.-Sax. hufa, cidaris, is used to denote head coverings description. In the satirical song on the Consistory Courts in tiie time of Edward I. Polit. Songs, ed. AVright, 156, it is said,
^

of alraost every

" Furst ther

sit

Of
It signifies a

all

that ther

an old cherle in a blake hure, sittetli seemeth best syre."

cap of estate, as in the bequest of John Earl of 'Warren, Surrey. and Strathorne, 1347: " Jeo devjs a Monsr. Will. de Warenne mon filz ma hure d'ar(jent dorre. pour Stralhorne ove le cercle d'a,rgent dorre pour yce^." Testara. Ebor. i. 43.' Margaret

de Knaresburgh devises, in 1397, " fiameolam de filo, cum j. calamandro, ac houfe de lak; teaani de cerico ; flameolam de crispo," &c. Ibid. p. 221. In the Vision of P. Ploughman, 418, allusion is made to the " howves of selk," worn by serjeants-at-law and Chaucer, in the Reve's Prol. 3909, uses the phrase " set his howve " and speaks of " an howve above a calL" Troil. B. iii. 775. In 1482, a petition was preferred to Parliament by the craft of "hurers, cappcrs," &c. against the injurious
;

pannum

uso of machinery, then introduced to supersede manual labour, by mcans of a fulling whereby the quality of " huers, bonettes, and cappes " was depreciated. See Rot. Parl. vi. 233; Stat. of Realm, 22 Edw, IV., where tliey are ternied " hurez, huretz," Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Maulde the liuue or calle maker &c. (Jiuuetier) maynteneth her wisely she selleth dere her callcs, or huues {hwues), she soweth them with two semes." " Pileus,a. cappe, an hatte, an hove, or a coyfe." med. " Tena tenet et ornad caput mulieris, Anyiice a howfe, i. extrema 2>ars vitte, cjuh dependent " An howfe, tena." cath. ang. " Houo that a chylde is borne in comce." ORTUS. tai/e." PALSG. Sir T. Brown, in Vulgar Errors, B. v. c. 11, alhides to tiie superstitious
rnill,
:

CAMD. HOC.

2 K

250

PROMrTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
or

HowE,

Heve,

proi^ji-

name.

How

LOXGE,

Quamdiu,

quous-

(Howwe, or Huwe, hael. ms. 2274, How, or Hw, s. Hue, r. Hew, w.y Iliigo. HovE, or grownd yvy (herbe, v.)^ Edera terrestris.

que, nsquequo.

How MAXi'. Quot. HowE MEKYLLE (howe

Quaiitus.

moche,

p.)

HowNDE.

Canis, cath.

Ho\E
s.)3

of ojle, as baiine,
lioly,

(hove, or

and as barme of

ale
ale,

HowKDE
COMM.

FYSHE.
FLYE,

Caiiis marinus,

Amurta, VG.
lytylle

HovYL,
CATH.

in mergo. howse. Teges,

HowxDE
cinifex,

Cinomia,

c. f. vel

comm.
colere

vel cinifes,

et c. F. {tega, p.)

HowNDYs

comm. (howndych co-

Ho^TTL for swyne, or o])er becstys. Cartahulum, c, f. catahulum,

s.)

Millus, cath. oftyn'. Quociens. HowsE. Doraus, cath. edes.

lowre, s.)

How

HowLE,

byrde.
of

Buho, cath.
Ululo.

HowLYx',
beestvs.

as beestys.
Ubilatxis.

Howselyn' wythe the sacrament (as the sacrament, s.)* ComoJer

HowLYNGE

doggys,

or

munico.

Howsholde.

Familia.

notions in regard to the caul, or membrane wherein the head of a new-bom infant is oceasionally wrapped, called the s;lly-how, Ang.-Sax. saelig, leatus, hufa, cidaris ; Swed. seger hufwa. In Scotland it is termed the lialy, or sily-how. See Brand's

Ruddimau's Gloss. to G. Douglas, v, How and Jamieson. Compare cappe, hereafter. ' " Huelione,. Sv.go, nomen proprixim viri." cath. a.ng. - Ground-ivy, giil, or ale-hoof, Gleckonm hederaxea, Linn. was anciently esteemed both in medicine aud as a condiment used in the concoctiou of ale. G. de Bibelesworth " eyre de loi/s, e eyre teretsire (heyhowe.)" Aruiid. MS. 220, f. 131, " dera mentions " its virtues are detailed. ierrestris ys an herbe }>at me clepy}> erth yuye, or heyoue Roy, MS. 18 A. VI. f. 74, b. In John Arderne's Practica, Sloane MS, 56, f. 61, the use of " haihoue, vel halehoue, vel folfoyt, vel horshoue," in the composition of an unguent, called Salm lyopvli, is set forth. Gerard ealls it alc-hoof, or tun-hoof, and states that " tlie women of our Northern parts, especially about Wales and Cheshire, do tunne the herbe ale-hoof into their ale.'' Conipare tu.nhove, hereatter. Langham, in the Garden of Health, 1579, details the qualities of " Alelioofe, ground iuie, gilrumbith, ground or Tudnoore ; " and Cotgrave gives " palie de ckat, cats-foot, alehoofe, tunehoofe, ground ivy, Gill creep by the ground." Skinner thought that ale-hoof was derived from all, and behofe, utititas, from its numerous niedicinal properties, but the derivation of the name is possibly from hof, ungala, in allusion to the hoof-shaped leaf, In the West, the plant eolt's-foot is called hor3e's-hoof. It is possible tbat the readhofe of the Anglo Saxon herbals is the ground ivy, to which, however, tbe name eorSifig was of
Popular Ant.
; ;

HWTR,

assigned,
to require correction ; the word does not occur in the other or in the printed editions. Amvrca is explained by LTgutio, and in the Ortus, to be inferior fex olei, dregs of oyle," but Murio. signifies the " swperior fex olei; " and HOVE here seenis to be put for such impurities as float on the surface. Compare the verb
^

The reading here seems

MSS,
''

hovyn yn
*

water, or ol^er lycoure.

Jn ihv curious directions to the parish priest rcgardiiig the instructions which he

PUOII PTOiaUM VAUVIJI.OP.UM.

251
Jioo, kyi.w.

HowsnoLDARK

(howsalcler,

k.)

Pater familias, yconomus. Howsyn', or pvittyu yn a howse. Domifero, cath. Howsyx', or makyfi' howsys. {Domifico, CATH. s. p.) HowsKEPARE. Edituns, editua, CATH.

Howtyn', or cryyn. Howtyn', or cryefi

as shei^menn
J.

(howten, k. p. howen, Celeumo, cath.

w.)2

Howtyxge,
et

crye.3

KYLW.

Boema, cath. Sohowe, the hare ys

lepus
k.
est

fownde,
ventus.

hoema,

in-

HowsLEKE, herbe, or sengrene.^ Barha Jovis, semper viva, juharbium,

c. f.

HowHYN* (howghyn,
H.)4

howwhyn,
p.)

Subnervo (enervo,

Hovyn' yn watur,
quamSupernato.

or o))er lycoure.^

HowEsoNE.
cicius.

Quamtocius,

HovYN yn
to give his flock in the

]je

eyre, as byrdys (as

at least four times in the year, it is " Lewede men \>a.t underfongeh Godys body ne shul nowjt by-leue Jsat )>at drynke )jat ^ey vnderfonge)' after here how?el, ys any o)>er sacrament hute wyne and water for to brynge in )>e oste )>e betere." Burney MS. 376, Compare Add. MS. 10,053, f. 109. " Coinmunico, to make comun, or housel. p. 93. Comiminio, a comunynge, or a houselynge. Cena, a souper or a houslynge." ortus. "Oblaia, howsell." Harl. MS. 1587. " EuJcarislia, howsyll." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "To howsylle, cowiwtMKrcai-e." cath. ang. In the Accounts of the Church-.vardens of Walden, 36 Hen. VI. a charge occurs " pro lavarione j. rnanntert/li jiro hoselynge." Hist. of Audley End. In the Golden Legeud it is said in the Life of St. John, " he said the masse, and houseled and comuned the people." Ang.-Sax. huslian, Eucharistiam

was bound

mother tongue,

said

of the wine given to the laity,

celehrare
'

husel, panis sacer.

leke, iomJa>'cZe." palsg.
sem.perviviirn, in

also in Latin

W. Turntr says that " Sediun ma^nwm is called English hou.seleke, and of som singren, but it ought better See orpyn, hereafter. to be called aygrene." Herbal, 1562. ^ HowcYN, MS. See the note on halow, schypmaunys crye.
" House
'

HoWNTYNGE

crye, ms.

The

alphabetical arrangement

indicates

an error

in
;

this

reading; and all the other MSS., as likewise Pynson's edition, read Howtynge, cry howynge, W. de Worde, ed. 1516. In the curious treatise entitled the Master of the Game, Vesp. B. XII. and Harl. MS. 5086, will be found a detailed account of the proper use See aiso the " huntynge of " so how," and all the stimulating cries used in field sports. of the haare," in Dame Julyana Bernes' Boke of Huntynge, sign. d. iij. * To hough, or hock the ham-strings, seems to be derivable from Ang.-Sax. hoh, In the Wieliffite verpoples, or possibly the etymon heawan, secare, may be preferred. A statesion, Josh. xi. 6, it is written " thou shalt hoxe the horses, sxhnervahis,'''' Vulg. Rot. Parl. vi. 38, sets forth that in a riot in Yorkshire, 1472, one Rich. Williamment in was " speared, and hough synued." son * Minot, who wrote about 1350, speaks of the French fleet sent against the English
coasts,

composed of
"

galleys, carectes,

and

galiotes,

With
Al

grete

noumber

of smale botes,
iii.

thai

hoved on the flode."

p. 11.

In R. Wimbeldon's Sermon at Paul's Cross, 1389, given by Foxe, it is said, " In a tonne Compare iiovE of wyne the dreggis dwellen byneth, and the cliere wyne houeth aboue." The verb to hove, in the various senses here given, appears to be of oyle, and fletyn. derived from hof, the past tense of Ang.-Sax. hebban, elevare.

252

PKOMrToUIUM rAUVULOIJUM.
huwyr,
c. F. et

bryddys, or skyis, or other lykc, K. lioviiu iii ey^ire, as byrdys, or

askyys,
h. as
birdis,

p,

hurwyr,

j.

w.)^ Tena,

UG. in teneo.
k.)*

or askes,

HwKSTARE (hukstere,

Auxio-

T.y

S^ipervolo, sapervolito.
liors,

nator, auxionatrix, auxionarius.

Hovyn' on
Sirocino,

and a-bydyiT."

kylw.
Cista, arclia.)

(HucHE,

K.

HuKSTARE of frute. Colihista. Hulke, shyppe ^ Hulcus. HuLLOWRE, idem'^ quod horel,
sup7Xi.^

HwYR, cappe
'

(hvyr, k. hure, h.

The reading " skyis " is questionevidently synonymous with hover. See the earlier Wicliffite verhereafter in the sense of a cloud. sion, Deut. xxxii. 11, " As an egle forthclepynge his bryddis to flee, and on hem honynge (xujHr eos volitans,'''' Vulg.) Gower, '"This verb is used in this sense by R. Glouc. p. 218; Chaucer, Troil. B. v. " and other writers. Fabyan speaks of J.ack Cade, 1450, as " houynge at Blackhethe " some stode houynge a ferre of, tyl they saw to the whyehe and states that at Bosworth, In the description of that conflict, as given in the song of Lady partye the victory fyll."
This word
is

able, but

SKYE occurs

Bessy, by

Humphrey
"
I

Brereton, Richard says,

myselfe will hove ou the hill, I say, page 44. The fair battle I will see."

See the note on howe, or hure, heed hyllynge. '^ Auccionarms, a hukstere Auccio, ekynge Aitccionor, to merchaunt, and huk.'" MED. " I hueke, as one dothe that wolde bye a thing good cheape, le harcelle and le Junius derives huckster from tho Duteh Hoecker, a retailer, marchande.'''' palsg. but it seems to be allied to tho because he endeavours to hook, or dravv in strangers Ang.-Sax. eacan, av.[/ere, because he sells at a higher price than tho first dealer. In Friar Michaers Satire on the people of Kildare, written about 1308, the huckster appears to have been a female victualler, " Hail be 36, hokesters, dun bi ^e lake, Wiji caudles and golokes and J^e pottes blak, Harl. MS. 913, f. 8, b. Tripis and kine fete and schepen heuedes."
"
*
: : ;

In the oath of the beadle of the ward, and of constables, according to the Custonis of London, is the following clause " Ye shalbe no regrater of vitale, nor none huxter of " Hucster, a man, quoale, nor partiner with none of theym." ArnoId's Chron. 93. " Howkstar that sellethe meate and queiier : Hucster, a woman, qaoquetiere.'^ palsg. " Rcyrattnr, an huckster, mender, dresser, trimmer up of old drvnke, caiqw.'''' elyot. Revendcur, a huckster, or regrator. Maquignon, a hucster, broker, things for sale.
:

horse-courser." cotq. * In the version of Vegecius,. Roy. MS. 18 A, XII. it is said that warfare by sea should be suspended after the equinox, w-hen " grete vesselles made for the nones (for aventure of merchaundise) as carickes, droraondis, hev^ hulkis, grete cogges, and shippes but the captain, who must lead his troops in " small of toure," may venture forth and light vessels, as galeies, barges, fluynnes, and ballyngers," is dissuaded from the Walsingham relates that in the engagement between the Duke attempt, B. iv. c. 39. of Bedford and the French, 1416, " cepit tres caricas, et unam hulham, et quatuor hulin" Hulke, a shyppe, hevrcque." palsg. " Orque, a hulke, a huge garias." Camd. 394.
;

ship." COTG.
* This term of reproach is used by Rob. GIouc. and Chaucer, W. of Bathe's Prol. 5836; and again in the Persone^s Tale, as follows: " If he repreve him uncharitably of

rnoMPToniuM PARvuLonuM.

253

HuLwuR,
HuMLocK,

tre

(huluyr,

k.

p.)^

H. p.
s.)2

hustysment, k. vstylment,

Hulmus, hulcus, aut huscus.

herbe. Sicuta, liHgun canis {intuha, p.)
s.)
s.)

Utensile (suppellex, p.) HuRi/, or debate. Sedicio, c. f. HvRLERE, or debate maker. Sediciosus, c. F.

HuMMYNGE (hunynge,
{secundum Levsai/, HuNDRYD. Centum.

Eeuma

Hurlyn', or debatyn'.3
C. F.

Incursor,
Incurcio,

HuNDRYD
HuNGYR. HuNGRY.

tymes.

Cencies.
esuries.

HuRLYNGE,

or

stryfc.

Fames,

c. F. conjiictus.

Famelicus, esuriens.

Hungryn', or waxyii' hungry (wax hungry, s.) Esurio. Huntare. Venator,

HuRTE, orhurtynge. Lesio, lesura. HuRT, or hurtyd. Lesus. HuRTUN, or harmyii'. Ledo. Hurt(el)y'nge (hm-tlynge, k.)
Collisio, contactus.

HuNTYNGE. Venacio, venatus. HuNToN. Venor. Hurdyce, or hustylment (hurdyse,

sinne, as, thou holour
cius,
!

Hurtelyn,' as too thyngys togedur (herthyn, H.hurcolyn, s.)

!

thou dronkelowe harlot and so forth." In the Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said of the selection of soldiers, that runnours, and gestours, lechours, and holours ne shulde not be chosen to not be suffred comme nyghe the strengtlies, for tliis maner of menne shulle rather nasshe the Iiertes of warriours to luetes, tlienne hardenne B. i. c. 7. In the Towneley Myst. the words holard and horell occur.

version of Vege-

"

fishers, foulers,

knyghthode, ne
with lier lustes theim to iighte."

" Thise dysars and thise hullars, Thise cokkers and thise boUars,

And
"

alle

purs cuttars,
Processus talentorum, p. 242.

Bese welle war of thise men.

roquef. See Duca.nge, v. Ilokrii. Holier, hmillevj' ; clebauche, luxurieu.r.'^ The hoIIy*is still called in Norfolk hulver, and in Suffolk hulva; it seems to be tho tree which is called by Chaucer "an hulfere," in the Complaint of the Black Knight. Skinner supposes it may be so called frora its holding or lasting long, Ang.-Sax. feor, " Hou.v, the holly, Iiolme, or hulver tree. longe, or holding fair, as being evergreen. Petit houx, kneehulver, butchers broom." cotg. Holland, in his translation of Pliny, speaks of tlie " holly or hulver tree.'" B. xxiv. c. 13. In Coer de Lion " hurdys " are mentioned repeatedly, lines 6127, 3969; " hurdices," K. Alis. 2785, but evidently signify barricades, palissades, or large shields termed pavises. See Ducange, v. Hurdicium. It may in the sense above given have been used metapho' '^

rically.
^

In a

satire

on the studies of the Dialecticians of the times of Edw.

I. it is said,

"

Whan menne

horlith

ham

here and there,

Polit.

Nego saveth ham fram

care.

Songs, ed. Wright, 211.

"

was hurlid, and turned upsodoun (im^mlsus eversus sum, Vulg.) J^at y schulde falle doun, and ^e lord took me up." Ps. cxvii. 13, Wicl. version. John Payne writes to his master, John Paston, regarding the trouble that befell him in Cade's rebellion, 1450, " and a-none aftyr y' hurlyng the Byshop Rosse apcchyd nie to the Quene."
Past. Lett.
i.

62.

Ilornian says of troublous

tinie.s,

'

iii

that whorlyiigu of

tlie

worlde

254
hurchyn togeder,
collido.

PliOMPTORIUM PARVULOllUM.
p.)^

L/qnngo,
aiid

HuRRox', or bombofi as bees,

other lyke (hurryn,

orbumbyn as beu, K.hurren or bumbyn asbeen,

Boinhizo. or other like, p. HusBONDE, idem qiiod hoseboxd,

worldely goodys. Dispemo, iconomico, c. f. vel prudenter dispensare. HusBoxDYS brothere. Lussus,v. f.

HusKE

of

frute,

or

o])er

lyke.

Co7'ticiUus, cullea, ug. in claudo,

folliculus, CATH. et c. F. acimis

vel acinuin, c. f.
\

supra) husbond of gouernawnce, K. man of gouernaunce, P.2 Paterfamilias.)

Huske, fyshe (husk, fishe, k. h. husk of fyshe, s. p.)^ Squamus,

c. f.

(HusBONDE,
Maritus,
J.

wedded
w.)

raan,

p.
j

squarus, cath.

Huske

of a note.
s.)

Nuci, ug. in

'

Husbondyn', orwyselydyspendyiT

noceo (naiici,

{temporum novitate) I wiste nat what to do. Hurrelynge, murmura.^'' " I hurle, I make a noyse as the wynde dothe, ie hrv.ys.^'' p.^lsg. " Collicio, to-gidur hurtlynge. ' The sounds MED. Collisus, to-gidur hurtled." produced by the minstrels at a marriage, described in William and the Werwolf, were so varied a.nd powerful that the hearers might think
""hat

heuen hastili and erj^e sehuld hurtel to gader, So desgeli it denede that al J^erjje quakede."

p.

180.

" The litil cliildren were of frequent occurrence in the WiclifBte version. Gen. xxv. 22. See also Mark hurtlid togidere {coLlideha/dur, Vulg.) in her wombe." In the Golden Legend it is said of the final Judgment, " the ix. 17; Dedis xxvii. 41.
This word
is

smyte and hurtle togyder." It is used by Chaucer, Spenser, and Shakespeare. ^ In tbe version of ]\Iacer's treatise of the virtues of herbs it is said of honysuckle, " if ^e beeliyues be anointed with \>p, ius of her leeues, })e been shalt not goo a-way; Hardyng says \>e housbondes kepe her swarmes in tyme of yere by suche anoyntynge." of the taxation imposed by Rufus, which sorely oppressed the commons,
seuentii sygne, the stones shal

"

kyng woteth not what harmeth housbandrye, Housbande to pill and taxe outrageously.'"

Chron.

c.

125.

husband, edituus, iconimus, incola, 2Mte/-familias.'''' catii. ang. a good housbande {mesnaigier), for I herde hym beate with his hamer to daye afore Husbande, a thriuyng man, mes/iair/ier. Husbandes house in the foure of y*^ clocke. Ang.-Sax. hus-bonda, domvs mayister. countre, or maner place, metayrie." palsg. ^ ^' Squarus, quidam piscis; et diciiur a squanid, quia squamis acutus sit, unde et Pennant states that the rough skin of the Squalm ejus cute Hgiium jiolitur.'" cath. squatina, Linn. or Angel shark, was used by the ancients to polish vvood and ivory, according to Pliny, ix. c. 12; and that in Eiigland the skin of the greater dog-fish, catfish, or bounce, Squalus ca/iicula, Linn. called in French roussete, is applied to the same purpose. Zool. iii. pp. 87, 99. This last appears to be the species here called Palsgrave gives " husse, a fysshe, rousette ;'' and Cotgrave explains the huske. " Sc/uatina, a soole fysshe with a roughe roussit to be "a liltle i-uddie dog-fish." Iu N. Britain skynne, wberewith fletchers doo make theyr arrowes smoothe." elyot. the Ciiclopterus lumpus, Linn. the lump, or sea-owl, is called hush-paddlc, iu Germ. see-haess, lepiis marinv.s. See Jamieson, Compare Teut. hesse, catus.
is

An

" This smythe

PROMrTOUlUM rARVLTLORUM.
Huspylyn', or
H.)i
spoylyii' (spolyyn,

255
whyche, supra
in

(HuTCHE, or
H0CHE.3

Spoiio, dispolio.
(or

Cista, a7'cha.)

HusTYLMENT

hameys, or

linr-

dyce, snjira.y Utensile, supeikx.

HuswYFE. Materfamilias. HuswYFERY. Yconomia. HuGE, or grete. Magnus.

Iagge,

or dagge of a gaitneiit.*
Fractillosus.

Fractillus, cath.

Iaggyd, or daggyd.

'

To

huspil, in the dialect of Shropshire, signifies to disorder, destroy, or

knock about.

See Hartshorne's Salopia. In old Freneh iKu.tjwuiUier, or hmyailleur, implies a thievish marauder, " komine qid vole les (/ens de la caiujiagiie, vagahond.^' roquef. '^ S'hoii.spi.ller l\in Vautre, to tug, lug, hurry, tear one another," &c. COXG. Conipare gaspiller, which, according to Menage, has the same origin. * " Sujjpellectilia, hustelraent." med. This term is used in the original MS. by the " Thou slialt anoynt of it the first hand, in Bodl. Libr. of the earlier Wicliffite version tabernacle, &c. and the candelstik, and the hustilmentis of it (utensilia, Vulg.)" E.xod. XXX. 28. It occurs in several documents connected witli the Eastern Counties. Joanna, relict of Sir T. Hemgrave, made, about 1421, a vvill under constraint of her second husband, devising to him personal effects and a sum of money, " 1150 marcs, with other jewel and hostelment that were mine other husbands goods and mine,'' as stated in her protest. Hist. of Hengrave, 93. John Hakone of Wyneton makes the following devise in 1437; "I wyll tliat alle ncces^iaries and hustylments longyng to myn hovvsehold, that is to sey, to halle, chaumbyr, and kecliene be disposed to the
;

use of my wife." Norwich Wills, Hari. MS. 10, f. 267. In the Paston Letters, ii. 26, are mentioned " gonnes, crossebows, and quarells, and alle other hostelments to the maneur (of Caistor) beloiiginge.'" 1469, 9 Edw. IV. In 1492 Robert Parker bequeaths to his wife all his " hostiliaments, utenselys, and jowellys, to his house pertaining." Cullum's Hawsted, 17. The word seems to be taken from the old Fr. " Outillemens, stuffe, movables, household furniture, or impleoustillement, roquef. ments." cotg. 3 Sir John Maundevile says of the Ark of the Testimony, " that arke, or hucche, with the relikes, Tytus ledde with him to Rome, whan he had scomfyted alle theJewes." Voiage, p. 102. By Chaucer the word is written " wiche." Caxton, in the Boke for Travellers, says of household stuff, " these thinges set ye in your whutche (Jmche) your jewellis in your forcier, that they be not stolen." " Archa, a whycche, or cheste a arke, and a cofyre. Archula, a lytelle whycche. Ciliutum, a mete whycclie. " Hutche, a chest, cofre, huche." palsg. Cista, a whycche." MED. Ang.-Sax.
;

hwfficca, arca.
* Fractillus is explained in the Catholicon to be " cauda vel fragmen panni fi.^si cauda oruatus pendens ex inferiori parie : fractillus dicitur etiam mllus iti tapeto vel alid veste villosd." Horman says, " he hath a pleasure in geagged elothynge, lasciniosa veste and Palsgrave gives " I iagge or cutte a garment, ie chicquette, ie deschicquette, ie descoiqipe. I iagge nat my hoson for thrifte, but for a bragge. He is outher a landed man, or a
:''''

foole y' cutteth his garments. lagge, a cuttyng, chicquetare. If I iagge my cappe, thou hast naught to do.'' This strange fashion, which, as it has been observed in the note on the word dagge, prevailed during the reign of Rich. II. was not disused even in the XVIth eent. It is particularly notieed by Hardyng, who states that it was described to him by the clerk of Ricliard^s housebold.

" Cut werke was greate both jioth in mennes hoddis and

in

court and tounes,

aiso in their gounes."

Chron.

c.

193.

256
Iay, byrde.

PROMTTOHirM PARVULORTTM.
Gracidus, nt dicitur
c. f.

Iamys, propyr name.

secundum communem scolam, sed

contrarium dicit
ut patet

Iaxgelere.
imlus,
c. F.

Garndator,
garrula,
of

Jacobus. gardicax,

cath.

infra in roke, biyde; vel forte est equivocum : garridus, c. f. Iaylere, or gayler. Ergaster,

loquax.
fulle

Iangelere,

wordys.

KYLW. carcerarius. Iakke of defence, gannent

fence, s.)i

Semivei'hius, va. in sereno. Langelyn', or iaveryn' (iaberyn,

p.)2

(iak of

Ga(r)rulo,

blatero,

c.

f.

Baltheus.

garrio, cath. relatro, ug.

account of the defensive armour ealled a jack is given by Sir S. Meyrick, in on ancient military garnienta worn in England, Archseol. xix. '224-. Mention of it occurs as early as 1375, in the will of Thos. de Hemenhale, who devises " v.num iakke de 'ruhio worstede." Transcripts from Norwich Registers, Harl. MS. 10. Walsingham relates that Wat Tyler's mob, in the saek of Jolin of Gaunt's palace at the Savoy, 1381, found " vestvinentum precivsissimum ipsius, qwale lacke vocamus.^'' Camd. It is mentioned in the will of Henry Snayth, clericm, 1380 ; " Lego duas p. 249. loricas ferreas, dv.as bacinetts cum ventall', et duas iakkys coopertas cum fust'; " and in 1391, Margery, widow of Sir Will. de Aldeburgh, bequeaths to her son " uiium dvplum cum loricd inttrius opertum ci:m rirbeo correo caprce. Item, uiiurn iak defenciom^ opertum nigro velveto." Test. Ebor. i. 113, 150. Sir S. Meyriek qufstions the authority of Nieofs definition that the jaek was an habiliment stuffed with cottou ; in the Catholieon Ang. however, written 1483, is given " a iakke, bomhiciuium." Towards the close of the XVth cent. a less cumbersouie defence of a similar nature, termed a jacket, was more in use. Palsgrave gives " iacke, harnesse, iacq, ia.cque: iacket, seion : iacket without sleues, kocqueton : iacket that liath but four quarters, Caxton says in the Boke for Travellers, " Donaas tbe doblet makor hath iacquette.'''' performed my doublet and my iaquet, mon ^^ourpainte ei rnon paltocque." In the accounts of the Lestrange faniily, 1532, are the following entries " Item, paid for ij. pownd of twyn for the iaeks, Item, paid for iij. elnes of canvas for y'' iack. Item, Item, paid for paid to the taylour for the wurkmanshippe of iij. iacks, ix.*. iv,t. twyn for jour iacks. Item, paid to Matthew Smith (or the smith) for making of plates The kind of jack to wliieh this last entry relates is deseribed for the iackes, iv.s. ij.c^.'" in Lily's Euph. Eng. where it is said that the armour of the English consists of " corslets, Almaine rivets, shirts of male, iackes quilted, and covered over with leather, fustian, It seems to have been or canvas, over thick plates of yron that are sowed to y^ same." The jack may even have been occasionally formed with identical with the brigaudine. mail ; in Edw. III. i. 2, Capells Prolus. are mentioned "jacks of gymold mail."
'

full

his

observatioiis

Thus

Florio explains " Cf-iacco, a iacke of maile, made like a corslet, a iacket or shirt of maile. Giachelta, a iacket or shirt of maile :" and Cotgrave gives " laqne, a iacke or coat of mail, and thence a iacke for the body of an Irish greyhound, &c. made commonly of a wild boares tanned skinne, and put on him when he is to coap with that violent beast." The sense iu which haltheus is used in the Promptorium is singular ; it signifies commonly a girdle, but here cote armube, dobbelet, and paltok, military garments, are rendered by the term baltheus. " To iangylle, uhi to chater. ^ " Dapax, yanglynge, or spekynge of mete.'" med. " I iangyll, ie babiUe, ie Iangyller,/c<(7?s, poliloquus, ttr. uli chaterynge." Cath. a.ng. To jangle oceurs in the sense of chattering cacjuette: she iangleth lyke a iaye." palsg. Gower. &c. " langler, in tlie Vis. of Piers Ploughm. ; Chaucer, Man of Lawes Tale, 5194 to jangle, prattle, tattle saucily, or scurvily." cotg.
;

PROMPTOniUM PARVULORUM.
IangelyS', or iaveryn' a-^en, ])at ys clepyd clenchyng a-^cn (clensyng a-^en, s.y Oggarrio, CATH. Iangelyn', and talkyii'. Confabulor, fahulor, colloquor.

257
catii.

Iaper.

Nugax, nngaculus,

nugigerulus,
in gero.

cath. gerro,

ug.

Iapyn' (or

tryfloii, infra.)

Truplw,

illudo, c. F. ludifico (deludo, p.)

Iangelynge. Garmlacio. Iangelynge, or talkynge.

Iardy^ne almaunde.3 Amigdalum jardinum, amigdalum (jarda-

Con-

num amigdalum,

s.)

fabulacio, collocucio. Iape.2 Nuga, frivolum, scur{i-)ilitas.

Iaspe, stone. laspis. Iavel.* Joppus, gerro, gero, joppa.

ug.

in

" Oggan-io, i. conira garrire." * chaueryn ajen for prowde herte.

*

cath.

v,

Garrio.
i.

Compare clenchyn

ajen,

or

freqiienter dicere, to tryfle, or iape, or lye.

migas facere, trufare, vel nugas va/ius,falnus, &c. a iaper or fole. lapanly, Nugacitas, ia.i>erye." ortus. \a.i>e, nugari ; iapande, vn^Y/fttts, nugacidus. " I iape, I tryfle, ie truffe, ie truffle, ie me lourde. I dyd but nugaciter," cath. ang. " II n'est lape, a trifyll, truffe.''^ palsg. iape with hym, and he toke it in good ernest. pas gas, it is noiape." Ilarl. MS. 219. It is said of St. Nicholas in the Golden Legend, that " in his yonge age he eschewed y*^ playes and iapes of other yonge chyldren." Fabyan relates that William Rufus was warned of his approaching end, " but he set all Horraan says, " he bete me cursedly with at nought, and made of it a scoffe, or a iape."
iape,

Compare gawde, or

above.

" Nugor,

Nugax,

i.

" To

a rod, as

had ben in iape, velut per luduin. Leue thy iapys, mitte migas. At the I hadde wente thou haddeste ia.pyde, ^JUtavi te joco fecisse." Junius has detailed the use of this word, especially by Chaucer, and seeks a derivation by comparison with Isl. geip, jactatio. Skinner derives it from Fr. gcdjer. It appears, moreover, from Speght^s Glossary, appended to Chaucer, that, having become of ambiguous import, the word was scarcely admitted in polite parlance and this is confirmed by Palsgrave, who gives the verb " I iape a wenche, ie fout, and ie bistocque. It is better to iape a wenche than to do worse." * Gerarde speaks of " a large sweet almond, vulgarly termed a Jordan alraond." * Javel or jevel is a term of contempt, which signifies, according to Bp. Kennett, " a
it

begynnynge

rascal or base fellow."

" Lat be, quoth Jock, and calPd him jevel, And by the tail him tugged." Christ Kirk,

st.

7.

Forte a Sax. se-full, immundus, profanus, reu^, ^nUidus ; or ge-fyll. The Lieutenant of the Tower, advising Sir Thomas More to put on worse clothes at his execution, gave this reason, because he that is to have them is but a Javel to which Sir Thomas replied, " Shall I count him a Javel who is to doe me so great a benefit ? " Lansd. MS. 1033. In Roper's Life of More the term employed is " raskall." Skelton uses the word javell frequently it is one of the opprobrious epithets that are put into thc mouth of Wolsey, in " Why come ye not to Court ? " and occurs in a passage cited by Hearne, and attributed to Skelton, Glossary to Langt. Chron. v, Wroken.
: :

" These be as knappishe knackes,

ever man made, For javells and for jackes, A jym jam for a jade."

As

Nares

CAMD. SOC.

2l

258
Iawxdyce, sekenesse.
(hictericia
,

rROJIPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Hicteria

Idyote, neither fowle ne ryglite

k. p. etiericia, s.)

wyce

(idyote,

halfe

innocent,
foole,

IcE.

Glacies.

H. p. idyothe,

nodyr
Idiota.

no-

Quilibet. IcHE, or 3'lke. Ichyn', or ykyii', or ^ykyii' (yekyn, K. ^icliyn, s. ekyn, h. p.) Prurio. Idyl. Ociosns. Ociositas, ocium. Idelnesse. Vauidicus, vaniIdyl spekare. CATH, (^garriloquus, loc[Hus,

pev wyse, s.)

Iddyr,

or

vddyr

of

beeste

(iddyr, pap}>e, k. p.) Uher. Iessys, to bynde hawkys wythe

(ieshys, to

bryng wyth hawkys,

Jactacula, plur. kylw. et COMM. (jactula, v.jacula, w.) Iettyn'.2 Verno, c. f. et alia

s.y

K.)

supra in G. gettyn'.

Nares quotes Spenser, and other writers, by whom the word is used, and thinks it may be derived from Fr. javelle, a brush-wood faggot, a name that might be applied to sueh Holland, in his version of Pliny, speaks fellows as Shakespeare calls " rasli bavin wits." See further observations of the " javels," stalks, or stems of line or flax. B. xix. c. 1. Compare ioppe, or folte, Jojjpv.s, and iaper, Gerro. in Jamieson. '* Oects ' (gets, or Jesses or gesses, used in falconry, are thus defined by Nicot giez) sord deux jjetiles coarroics courtts de peau de chien, une en cTuujue jamhe du fanlcon -pres lar serre ; au dessus desquels sont les sonnettes tenans a une autre jyetite coun-oye d part.'''' Latham says that " Jesses are those short straps of leather which are fastened The origin to the hawks legges, and so to the Lease by Varvels, Anlets, or such like." of the term is evident, as signified by the Emperor Fred. II. in his treatise de arte " ob hoc jacti dicuntur, quod cum eis jaciuntur falcones, et Venandi, ii. c. 38; namely, See Ducange and Menage. In emittuniur ad pradam.''^ They are also called Getti. " Dame Julyan Bernes Processe of liawkyng " it is stated that " Hawkys have abowte theyr leggys gesses made of leddyr moost comynly, some of sylke, whyehe scholde be noo lenger but that the knottys of tlieym sholde appere in myddys of the left honde, l)ytwene the longe fyn^re and the leche fyngre ; by cause the Lewnes sholde be fastenyd to theym wyth a pa\Te of Tyrettys," &c. St. Alban^s Book, sign. b. iij. ^ This word does not appear to be retained in the East Anglian dialect. Tusser uses it both in the sense of strutting about ostentatiously, and of aetively busying oneself, or In the interesting account of his own life, he says that his desire bustling to and fro. was ease and contentment, and to live uprightly, " More than to ride with pomp and pride, Or for to jet in others debt," Stanza 38.
:

In his Epistle to the Lady Paget, prefixed to his Book of Huswifery, among the qualiof a good housewife, he says that she " should jetty from morning to night." " I iette, I make a Palsgrave gives the following illustrations of the use of this word countenaunce with my legges, ie me iarahoye. I wotte nat what his herte is, but lie I iette w* facyon and countenaunce to set forthe myselfe, ietteth horriblye in his pace. Se I praye the I get, I use a proude countenaunce and pace in my goyng. ie hraggue. howe this countrefayte gentilman getteth, comment ce genti/Uastre hraggue en se promenant. I go a iettynge or a ryottynge, ie ra^ijle. Dotlie thy father fynde the in the universyte to go a iettynge a nyghtes ? te haille ton pere exhibition d runiuersite pour Cotgrave gives " Batre les rues, to iet, reuell, or swagger vp and down aller rauderl " lamlioyer, to iet, or wantocly to go in and out with the legs. the streets in the night. Fringuer, to iet or brave it, to be fine, spruce, trimme, to wantonise it," &.c. Anchoran
ties
:

rRO-jrrToniuM r.vRvuLORUM.

259

Ikyl

(iekyll,

w.y

Stiria, UG. in

stnprwii, CATH. et c. F.

of pe dede (in meend of ))e ded man, s.) Colossus, c. f. et cath.

IccHE, or
s.)

jiclie (ikche,

or ^ykche,

Imagyn'.

Imaginor.

Pruritus.

(Ikyn, supra in ychyn, h. echyn,

Ilde, be-twene too freshe waters
(iyld, s.)2

lMNE(impne, h. imme, p.) Impnus. Imneee. Imnarinm. Impare, or graffere (gryffar, k. p.)
Insertor, surculator.

Amnis.
ile,

Ilde, londe in the see(iylde, k. w.) Insula. (Ilke, or eche, siip7'a in iche,

SurImpe, or graffe (gryf, k.) culus, novella, cath. novellus,

CATH.

p.)

Impyd

(or graffed, p.)

Insertus.
)''

Image.

Imago, statua. Image on a grave, in mynde made

Impyn', or graffyiT (gryffyu, k

Insero.

in the Gate of Tongues, p. 178, says that " one made to avoide his countrey wandereth " To jet up and abroad, and gaddeth and ietteth up and downe, vaija.tv.r." Ed. 1633. down, vagor, spatior, tohitatim incedere. To jet like a lord, incedo, To jet to aiid

A jetter, gradarius.'''' gouldm. Compare gettyn and gettare. The GIoss on Gaut. de Bibelesworth renders " esclarcyl, en ychele." Arund. MS. " 220, f. 300, b. In Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt, 732, occurs the word " iisseikkles and by Chaucer it is written " iseickle." " Stiria est gutta fluens, vel cadens concjelata,
fro, volilo.
' :

est gidta frigore coacreta pendens guttatiraque sti/lans, a nykle." med. ms. cant. " An i^oa yokle." ORTUS. " Siiriura, hysehyliylle." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. Grose gives iccles as a word used in the North and it is kelle, stinum.'''' Cath, ang. given in the Craven dialect, as likewise ice-shackles ; see also Brockett, v. Ice-shogg!e, and Jamieson, r. Isechokill. Ai\g.-^a.s.. Ke&-'g[ce\, glacialis stiria. Compare thowe of snowe, or yclys, or yce, hereafter. * An island in the Severn, about four miles N. of Worcester, called by Flor. Wigorn. " Bevereye," and at the present time Bevere, served as a retreat to the people of that eity when it was burned by Hardicanute, A.D. 1041, on their resisting the payment of See the Sax. Chron. Langtoft gives a relation of the circumstances. tribute.
;

" Stb-ia

" But

J^o t^at

fled in

v;'i\>

J>er

godes to

t>e

ilde of Seuerne,

And

t^at
J^e

wer

\>q

ilde duelled J)er for drede,

Untill

Kyng

turned, and his wrath ouer jede."

R. Brunne, p. 56.

In another passage, p. 151, he relates that Richard Coeur de Lion took possession of two islands in the Mediterranean, one " that ilde hight Labamare," which is described as and another " ilde " called " Griffonie," meaning, situated in the straights of Messina perhaps, Sicily. In Kyng Alisaunder the word " ydle," aa printed by Weber, seems to be the same word, varying by local pronunciation.
;

" Euerych ydle, euerych contrey, He hath y-soughth, par ma fey

An
^

ydle he passeth y-hote Perfiens."

5908.

imp, Ang.-Sax. impan, inserere, and the subsLantive imp, a graft, scion or young shoot, occur in the Vis. of P. Ploughm. 2746; and are used by Cliaucer.
to

The verb

" Of what kynd of ympe in gardein or in

frith

Ymped

is

in stocke, fro

It sauourith euer,

whence it canie and is uothyng to blame."

Hardyng's Chron.

c.

98.

260 Impynge
sertura.
(or
graflfinge,

PROMPTORIUM PARrULORUM.
r.)

In-

K. inne, p.)

Hosjyicm^i, diverInarnelatus.

Ix,

of lierboroglie (or lierborwe,

soriwn, c. lN'AMELyD.i

f.

'^ Jnsicio, impynge." med. " An impe, vli a grafte." See also Seuyn Sages, 574. " Ymye, or graffe, insita, inscita.'''' Yocab, Harl. MS. 1587. "Impe, CATH. ANG. " Envpeau, an impe to graffe." a yonge springe. Impe or grasse, pc.sturaffe,'" palsg. COTG. Among tlie disbursements of Thomas Lucas, Sol. Gen. to Hen. YII. when Little Saxham Hall was erected, 15m7, is a payment " for setting stokkes for graffes, impes of See Nares. cherys, damsayns, and filberdes." Roke\vode's Hund. of Thingoe, 145. ' The applieation of enamel to every description of omamental work in metal was mueh used in England from the Anglo-Saxon times, until the XYIth cent. The numowing, probably, to the precious metals her of existing specimens is, indeed, small having been most frequently employed for enamelled works, wliich have been melted down to form ornaments suited to the successive clianges of fasliion but ancient wills and inventories, especially the lists of crown jewels printed in tlie Kalendars of the Exchequer Treasury, afford abundant evidence of the profusion of enamelled plate and There may be but insufficient evidence to show that the earliest jewellery in England. works of this kind, such as fibulse, and minor personal omaments, were executed by but the character of ornament which is presented by them, the menBritish artificers tion that is made in early records of the skill of our countrymen, and the distiuctive temi of Opus An<jUcaniim, to designate their ornamental works in metal, give to such A specimen of interest preserved in the a supposition a high degree of probability. British Museum appears by the legend to have been the ring of Ethelwulf, King of See Archseol. vii. pl. xxx. It is of gold, ^Vessex, from 836 to 858, father of Alfred. and appears to be properly an enamelled work, the field, according to the ordinary process of the earlier period, being chiselled out to receive a vitrified metallic compound of a dark blue colour, whieli was fixed by fusion in the cavities formed by the tool, and set off the design produced by those parts of the metal that had been left in relief. Another mode of workmanship, in some degree analogous, appears in the jewel at the Ashmolean Museum, attributed to Alfred ; a specLmen recently discovered in London, In these a semi-transparent substance, ArchsBoI. xxix. pl. x. and a few other instances. which appears to be rather a vitreous paste than a true enamel, fills the spaces in the field of the design, the outline being formed, not by chiselling the solid metal, but by
; ; ;

means

of thin fillets of gold, attached to the surface of the plate, and serving to detacli At a later period the pre-eminent skill the variously coloured portions of the design. of the enamellers of Limogcs caused tlieir work to be highly esteemed in other countries. It appears that the tomb of Walter de Merton, Bp. Rochester, 1274, was made by Magister Johannes de Limogia, who came to Eiigland for tlie purpose. See the ExeAt the Reformation this memorial waa cutors' Accounts, Thorpe's Cust. Roff. 193. destroyed ; but the enamelled effigy in Westminster Abbey, representing AVill. de Yalence, if not the work of John of Limoges, affords an interesting specimen who died 1296, The prevailing use of ornameuts of this nature appea.rs of the art practised at that place. also from the Constit. of "Will. de Bleys, 1229, and Walt. de Cantilupe, 1240, Bishops of Worcester, prescribing among the sacred ornaments to be provided by the parishioners, " ij. pi/zides, una argentea, vel eburnea, vel de ojpere Lenwciiico, in qua kostice Several of these exist but the most curious reserventur." Wilk. Cone. i. 623, 666. enamelled ornaments of this period, as connected with England, are the small shrines called ccifri Lernovicenscs, on which is represented the martyrdom of St. Thonias of Canterbury. One of these is in the possession of tlie Ant. Soc. and another at Hereford Enamel was likewise made available for the dccoration of sepulchral brasses, Calhedral.
:

PROMPTORIUJI PARVULORUM.

261
for trespas, k. indyte, p.

Inamelykge.
Intextus.

Tnamelatura.
J.

(Indityn
w.)

Inbrowdyd (inbrowdred,
Inbrowdyd
p.)i

Indicto.)

Indytynge
clotbe

of

clerkly

speche

(inbrowdred,

Frigia, cath. et c. f. Digitus, 2>olliciu7n, kylw. (pollex, p.) Incres. Incrementum, excrementum, cath. excresc{ens)ia

(as clerkly speche, p.) Dictamen. Indytynge, or indytement for

trespas.

Inche.

Indictacio.

Indwyn, and yeve warysone. Doto. Indwynge. Dotacio.

(Ingyne, siqyra in engyne.) Inhervte, or receyve in herytage (inerytyn, or receyuyn to eritage, K.)

(augmentum, p.) Incresyn', or moijfi'.

Augeo,

adaugeo, augmento. Increse, or grow or wax more. Acci^esco, CATH. excresco. Indawngeryd. Indomigeratus. Indentyd. Indentatus. Indentynge. Indentacio. Indenture. Indentura, cirograjjJius, UG. i}i gr-a^na. Indyfferent, neyther fulle of ]}e to partye, nej^er of tothere (neper of ])e to partj, ne of ]?e tojjcr, k.)
Indifferens.

Heredito.

Infectvn, or brynge to sekenesse, as menne take wythe pestylcnce, or as lepiys done hele menne be brethe, or other towchynge (as lepers do]) hole men, s.) Inficio. Informyn, or techyii'. Informo,
instruo
;

et

alia sunt infra, in

drynlie,

KENNYN. (Ingroton wythe mete or

Indyte

letterys, as clerkely

speke

(or clerkly spech, s.)

Dicto.

Indytyd, as clerkly speche (indyted or endited of clcrkly speche,

p.)

supra in groton.) Iniuynon, or put to, and chargyn' to be done (pnttyn to a charge to be downe, s. inioynen, p.) Injungo, impono.

Inyoynyd (inionyyd,
p.)

K. inioyned,

Dictatus.
for

Injunctus.

Indytyd be lawe,
Indictatus.

trespace.

Inke. Encaustum, c. f. vel incaustum, cath. attramentum.

to a

much greater extent, probably, than might be supposed from the few examples that have been preserved. In the XVth cent. the older process of chiselling out the design was abandoned, and a niode of enamelling, wholly superficial, came into general use it appears to have been first adopted in Italy, but was practised for more than a century, in the greatest perfection, at Limoges. Chaucer speaks of " fine enamaile " and gold " amiled." Rom. of Rose. Spenser uses the word " aumaild," and in some documents the word is written "anelyd." Compare anelyn, or enelyn metalle, above. Horman says tbat " goldsmithes use annuelynge, and gravynge, ntuntur toreutice ; " and Palsgrave gives the verb " I ammell, as a goldesmyth dothe his worke. Your broche is very well amelled, voslre deuise est fort bien esmaillee. I enamell, zJ." See Wharton's Eng. Poetry; Ducange, v. Esmuillator, Limogia, Smaltum, <r. Imbrowdyd, ms. " Frigia dicilur quedam vestis que alio nomine dicitur acupicta.'^
'

CATII.

262

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Attramentarium^
c.

IxKEHORKE.
F.

{ncaustorium. Inmeuable. Tmmohilis. (IxxioLF, tlirede to sow

Instrument, or toole. mentum. Insuryx, or make suere

k.)i

Instru(svyrte,

wythe

Assecuro.

schoiie or botys, infra in lyKYOLF. Indula, licinium.) Inkocent. Tnnocens. (Inoyxted, Tnunctus, p.) Ikpoysyox, or pojsnyii (poysYn, K. s. inpoysen or poysen, p.) Tntoxico.

Intencyone, or mevynge {sic, s. Inintent or menynge, k. p.)

tencio.

Interdyte. Interdictus. Interdite, or interdytement

terdyten, s.)

(in-

Tnterdictum.
Tnterdico.
fet flesche (inter-

Interdytyn'.

Inpkentyd (imprentid, or impresTmiwessus. Inprentyn (imprentyn, k. primo.

syd, K.)
s.)

Interlarde, of

Tn-

Ixprentynge. Tnpressio. (Inqveryd, infra in wel tetchyd. Morosus, bene morigeratus. Insesun, or sesoii, or worldely
goodys(insesyn in werdligodySjK. or sesun some, &c. p.) Tnsesino.

layed of fat flesshe, p.) Ahdomen, llOStio. KYLW. CATH. C.F. Ct UG. PreluInterloge of a pley.dium, interludium, cath. Interpretowre, or expowuere.

Interpres.

Intycyn, or

steryii to

doou a dede

(or tycyu, &c. s.) Tncito, instigo.

Intrayle,

Insyght

(insytlie,

k.)

Tnspexio,

or yssu of a dede beeste (iutrelise, k. intralyze, h.

circumspecciG.

intralyce, p.)

Tntesti(n)um ;
insnarlyd.

et

(Insnarlyd, infra in intrykyd.) Inspyracyone. Tnspiracio. Ikstor5n' (wytlie nedefulle tliyngys, or astoiyn, supira.) Tnstauro.

alia infra in issu.

Intry-^kyd,

or

TntriTntrico,

catus, illaqueatus.

Intrykyn', or snarlyn'.^
illaqueo.

to ensure in the sense of affirming by word of mouth ; it had " I ensure, I trouthe plyght, as man promising in marriage. I herde saye they were maryed, or euer I knewe they finnce. I insuer by maryage, id. Howe, saye you be they maryed so I insuer, ie proviai/ts, ie awwre." palsg. sone, I wyste nat that they were insured yet. In Henry YIIIth's Primer, lo-15, in the lesson at matins, the following verse oecurs " The aungell Gabriel was sent from God into a eytie of Galile named Nazaretb, to a virgyn which was ensured to a man whose name was Joseph." Luke i. 27. On the subject of interludes much information has been brought together by Mr. Payne Collier, in his Hist. of Dramatic Poetry. In the XVth cent. they were much in fashion, and a special clause of exception is made iu the Stat. of Apparel, 3 Edw. IV. 1463, in favor of " ministrelles et jouers eyi lonr erdrelades ." It was only In 1542 that " Interlude, it was enjoined that no plays or interludes should be acted in the churches.
1

Chaucer uses the word

also that of betrothing, or

and a woman togyther, ie were ensured togyther.

'^

moraliti.'" Palsg.
^

word

Chaucer speaks of one " that love most entriketh," (Assemblie of Foules) and the is likewise used by Gower, Conf, Am, IV, It is evidently taken frora the French

PEOMPTOHIUM PAHVULORUM.
Intrykynge.
tricacio.

263
Invidus,
c. f.

Illaqueacio,

in-

In^^^ouse,

Invysyble.
VanuSy in-

Invisihilis.

Inveyne, or vayne.
vanus.

(lor.BYN wythe the bylle, supra in byllyn'.)^

Inveynlv, or
fytte

(inveyn, or wit profy^t, K. profyth, s.)

wythe owte proowtyn

Vane,

Ioglyn' (iogelyn, k. p.) iirjior, cath. ug. et c. F.

Pres-

Iogulowre

invanum,

inutiliter.

Invenymyn.
dencia,

Veneno, cath. Invye, or envye. Tnvidia, invic. f.

k. iogeMinius, cath. et UG. prestigiator, cath. et ug. in magi, et c. f. histrio, cath. Iogulyrye, or iogulment (iogul-

(iognlour,

lowre, p.)2

"

He

"I entryke, I hynder or lette. Intrique); to intricate, insnare, involve, intangle." cotg. that is entryked (empesche) with worldly busynesse is nat raete to be a studyent." PALSG. See Dueange, v. Intricare. Ital. " intncare, to intricate, to intangle, to inwrap,
See snaryn, or snarlyn. the East Anglian dialect to peck with the beak, or with a mattock ; and is used in the former sense by Lestrange and Tusser, who directs boughs to be stuck among runcival pease, upon which they may elimb (February's husbandry).
1

to garboile." florio.

To job

signifies in

" So doing, more tender and greater they wex, If peacock and turkey leave jobbing their bex."
birds that " job and pecke holes wood-peckers ; and speaks of " wood" Becquev, to pecke or bob with the beake. Becq^iade, a pecks, or jobbers," c. 29. pecke, job, or bob with a beake. Hocher, to shake, jog, job, nod." " Silla, a bird called a nutjobber.'' gouldm. Willughby, in his Ornithology, describes the nuthatch, or nut-jobber, Picus cinereus. Ash gives to job, in the sense of striking suddenly with a sharp instrument, as the word is used in Shropsliire. See Hartshorne's Salopia. ^ In Domesday mention occurs of the joculator and the Jocuiatrix regis, T. i. f. 38, b. and 162 Ang.-Sax. seoselere, presticfiator. The juggler and the minstrel are, as Warton observes, frequently confounded together. Music formed a part of the entertainments provided by both, and it was not, perhaps, until the XlVth cent. that the two denominations were properly distinguished. The juggler was called also tregetTOWRE, a term which occurs in the Promptorium. His performances were very varied, Strutt has comprising sleight of hand, tricks of all kinds, tumbling, and buffoonery. Chaucer, in the collected much information on this subject in his Sports, B. iii. c. iv. third Book of Fame, seems to distinguish the jugglers frora the minstrels and musicians, and speaks of them as playing with magicians, " tragetours, and Phetonisses, chamieresses," &c. ; but in the Rom. of the Rose he mentions minstrels and jugglers, as if their performances were similar. He repeatedly alludes to the wonderful tricks which were " Balairo, a yogelowre. Fautomimus, a iogeloure. Parascitaster, exhibited by them. " To iugiWe, joculari. A iMguler, gesticulator, ti-c. uli a.haiTlott. A iugulicl." MED. Horman says, " The iugler carieth clenly under ynge, gestiadacio, jocamen.'"' cath. ang. A iugler whh his troget his gublettis, prestigiator scite visum ludificat cum acceptahdis. " logelour, latellevr. logelyng caste, passe, castis {vaframentis) deceueth mens syght." Mathewe iogyled y^ cleanest of any man in our I iogyll, ie ione de pas pa.s. passe. In the Northumberland Household Book, dayes. I iuggyll, &c. ie iougle." palsg. 1511, a reward of Qs. Sd. is appointed " to the Kyngs iugler, if he haue wone." See

Holland, in his version of Pliny, B.

x. c. 18, says that

in trees," are of the race of sprights, martins, or

Essay on ancient Minstrels, Percy'3 Reliques,

i.

xcii.

264
rye, k.)

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Prestigium^ cath.
viagi,
et

UG.

iii

et CATH. mimus. loYE. Gaudiian, gloria.

pana^aciwn, ug. mimilogium, ug. in

loYXTE. Jvnctura. Ioyxte, or knytty(n)ge to-gedur, what so they be (knyttynge to-

gedur of what thyng so

K.

it

be,

loYE,

and gladnesse
herte.

yn

chere.

cuttiug togeder, p. puttynge, w.) Compago, compages.

loi^^TTE, or

Leticia, jociuiditas, exultacio.

loYE pi
loY,

Juhilus, juhilacio.

bone

or pley fat begynnvthe wythe sorow, and endythe wythe gladnes (ioye or myrthe ]jat begynnyt wit soiTV, &c. k.)i Co-

hole of the knokylle (cleped the whirlebone, k. p.) Anclia, c. f. et hic dicitur,

whyidebone.
s.

loL, or heed (ioUe, k.

jnit.

p.)^

Ca-

media, cath.
loY, or pley J^at begynnythe wythe gladnesse, and endythe wythe

loLY.

Vernus, lascivus, gaudiosus. loLYTE. Vernancia, c.

diraitus,

c. f. re-

f.

las-

(and grevowsnesse, s. ioye or myrthe |)at be-gynnyt

sorow
wit gladues, &c. k.)

civia, c. f. gaudiositas.

lox, propyr
p.)3

name

(loue,

s.

lohn,

Tragedia,
k.
s.

cath. loYX, or
ioyen,

make
p.)

ioy

(ioyin,

Johannes. (loxE, proper name, h. hanna.^

p.

Jo-

Gaudeo, jocundor,

loNYowRE

(ioynoiu",

p.)

Com-

letor, exulto.

p)aginator,

pactor,

archarius,

loYNYX, or ionyon. Jungo, compagino, pango, conjungo.

arcularius,
ceo.

brit. et UG. in ar-

See PLEY, hereafter. '^ Skinner gives Brahcns, a gole or a chawle." Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002. " Jowl, caput, partnn deflexo sensu ab A.-S. ceo\e,fav,ces, hoc (x Lat. gula ; hinc a jowl The tenn is applied of ling nohis appellalcr non iantum caput sed eiiam ojsopjhagiis." " lolle of a fysshe, teste." likewise to the heads of other kinds of fish, as the sturgeon.
'

" A jole of fish, fauces piscium. Joll, as of salmon, &c. caput." gouldm. Compare CHAvyLBONE, or chawlbone. An extraordinary prescription, the cliief ingredient being a fat cat, is given in Sloane MS. 1571, f. 4S, b. " for bolnynge vndur \>^
PALSG.

In the Master of Game mention occurs of the " iawle bone " of a wild boar. chole." Vesp. B. XII. f. 34, b. " Bv.cca, mala inferior, tLx. the cheeke, iawe, or iowll." Junius, by Higins. 3 This proper name was anciently used as a term of contempt, especially as applied by See Todd's note on Spenthe Reformers to the lower classes of the Romish priesthood. Dr. Words\vortli's Remarks on the Life of Lord Cobham, ser, Shepli. Cal. May, 309 EccL Biog. i. 265. John Bradford, writing to his mother, in 1553, on tlie revival of Popery, says, " now let the whoremcnger ioy, with the dronckard, swearer, couetous, malicious, and blynd bussard Syr lolm, for y*^ masse wil not bite tliem, neither make them to blushe as preaching woulde." Martyrs' Letters, p. 292, orig. ed. In ReUqu. Ant. i. l,an instanee oceurs where the priest is termed Sir John, early in the XVth cent. ? " la/i, as lean, Jolin, also a cuckold. lan de bladc,the consecrated bread, teamed so by the Calvinists. lan gipon, a gull, sot, ninny, fop, cokes." cotg.
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOUUM.
loppE, or joppa.
folte.*

265

Jop}nis, c.

v.

lowNCYNGE, or gretc vngcutylle

nievynge (iownsynge, or gentilnievynge, k. ioyuncynge, s. iontinge, p.)Strepitus.

loprERYE. or

folteiy.

Jnpperia.
Sii-

loRowRE
surro.

(or iurowre, infva.)

(iorory, p.)

loROWRYE

Susurriwn.

lowEL, or iiielle. Jocale, clinodium, KYLW. (monile, v.) lovELERE, or iuelere (ioweller,
K, p!)

lowpE, garment.3 Jupa, necc. lowE, or chekebone (iovwe, s.) Mandibula. lows of frutys, or herbys, or othcr
lykc (iowse or iwse, k.)
succus.

Jus,

Jocalarius.

(Iowyn' wythe tlie bylle, as byrdys, supra in byllyn', et in iobBYN.

Hostro.)

lowTYs, potage.'* Brassica, kylw.

vel brissica,

kylw. cum

c.

f.

juta, COMM. (brastica, p.)

In N. Britain a bigheaded, dull, lazy-looking fellow is called a See Jamieson. Coles gives " Jobelin, a sot, or ibol." 2 To jounce signifies in Norfollc " to bounce, thump, and jolt, as rough riders are wont Shakespeare uses "jauncing" in a siraiiar sense. Richard II., V. 5. to do." FORBY. " laiicer vii vheval, to stirre a horse in the stable till he swart with all ; or as our to (an old word.)" cotg. jaunt ' Necchara, in his Treatise de nominihus utensilium written early in thc Xlllth cent. describing the ordinary dress of the master of the family, when at home, says, " perhendiiuiiurus (li asuiurner) jupam habeat 'pemdatam (^fure) et tunicam (coie) manuhiis (mancJies) et hirris {(/eruns) mv.nitam el manuhiataiii," &c. Titus, D. xx, When mounted for tlie journey he was to wear the capa, with sleeves and f. 7, b. hood. The jupa appears to have been a long garnicnt worn by all classes, secular and See Ducange. It was loosely made, for Chaucer uses the religious, and both sexes. comparison " riueling as a gipe ;" but the diminutive term jupoii seems to imply that the military garment so called, which fitted the person closely, was a kind of jupa. Chaucer mentions the gipon as part of the attire of the knight, Cant. T. Prol. v. 75, and Knight's T. v. 2122. A fuU account of the jupon, or guippon, will be found in Sir In S. Meyriek's Treatise on Military Garments worn in England, Archseol, xix. 236. Ly beaus Diseonus the garment is termed a " gypell.'' In N. Britain a kind of short cloak for women, as also a wide coat, is termed a jupe. Sir Jolm Maundevile says of the monks of Mount Sinai, that they drink no wine, " but ^if it be on principalle festcs. and thei lyven porely and sympely, with joutes and with dates." Voiage, p. 71. In the Vision of P, Ploughman, Wrath describes himself as having been cook in a monastery.
'

Compare iavel.

Jupsie.

"

"

was the Prioresse potagor,

raaad

And
Gower

hem joutes

of janglyng

2787.
;

in the context they are speaks of Diogenes gathering " ioutes " in his garden called " wortes." Conf, Am. B. vii. Numerous rccipes for preparing joutcs occur in books of ancicnt cookery : in a curious collection in the possession of Sir T. Phillipps is the

Nou greyj^e we loute Dore, of moni muchel y-wylned. Yc clene. bete, hokke i-boilled and wel i-bakked in an crouhhe ciene y-washen. Hakke do to ^eohen ouer ]>e fure grece of pork, hakke saffron, and ioutes gentil and vcire peopur," &c. XlVth cent. MS. Heber, 8336. The metrical recipe in the Liher cure cocorum, Sloane MS. 1986, p. 97, gives a longer list of pot-herbs for eompounding
following: "
sclaric

and

CAMD. SOC.

>

26G
Ipocrysye.
Ipocrite.
Irynte.
I^wcrisis.

PROJIPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Intrale, vel
in plur.
intralia,

Ijwcrita.
Irreprehensibilis.

enteria, extmn, ug. in suo.

Irrepreuable.
Ferriun.

Irkesou:m (irksuin, k. p.)

tidiosus.

Fas-

IvE (ly, s.) Judeus. lucE, idem quod iowce, supra. (luELLE, supra in iowel.) Maledicus, c. IvEL spekare.
maledica.

f.

Irkesumnesse.

Fastidium.

Irkyn'. Fastidio, accidior. Favilla, ug. in IsYL of fyre.i scindo (cATH. p.)

Iewesse.

Judea. Iuge, or doniysrQan.

or

Judex.

Iugement,
dicium.
I^^Y.

demynge.

Ju-

Isylkake, or cliesekake, or eykake bakyne vndp- askys.2 Flamicia, comm.

IsoPE, herbe.
Issu, entre.

Edera.

Isopvs. Ingressus.

IvYL, or wykkyd. Malus, iniquus. IvYL, or Tvykkydnesse. Malum.

iniquitas.

Issu

(or, K. p.)

owt-gate.

Exitiis,

IvYL, or sekenesse.
firmitas.

Egritudo, in-

egressus.

Issu (of) a slayne beeste (flayn,

s.)3

luxYPYR,

tre.

Juniperus.

joutes, " cole, borage, persyl, plumtre leues, redde nettel crop, malues grene, rede brere These were to be ground in a mortar, and boiled croppes, auans, violet and pryrarol."

Conipare the directions for " Eowtus of flesshe," and " Jowtus of Almauud in broth. mvlke," Forme of Cury, pp. 13, 45. Joutes are given under the head of " Fotage See also Julius, D. viii. f. 91, 94. Sloane MS. 1571, f. 36, b, dyuers," Harl. MS. 279!! '^ See Ducange, v. /wtoj. Armoric, Joud, ^j?/5. lowtes,, hee lapiiates.^' cath. axg. G. de Bibelesworth, in the chapter on domestic matters, lighting the fire, &c. says,
'

/ "

Va

qiiere hreses

en vne tesle (a pot schoord.)

hiseles.)"'

Gardez vos druas de falemecckes (from

Arund. MS.220,f. 802,

b.

The MS.
reading
tiiccta,

"f.aaniecches,

in Public Library at Cambridge, according to Reliqu. Ant. ii. 84, gives the " Est scirdilla projrrie accensa, favilla vero exhuyssels." " I'avilla, i. scintilla, ysyle or sperkell. Versus : Ardet scitiysel." med.

" A iselle, favilla, or a sperke." cath. ang. esto favilla.'''' ortus. Ang.-Sax. ysle, favilla. Bp. Kennett has the foUowing note amongst his gloss. coll. Icelandic, Ey.sa, Lansd. MS. 1033 " Isles, embers, hot ashes, Lanc. Easles, in Essex. see Jamieson v. Aizle, Eizle, or This word is still used in N. Britain ciais ignitus.''''
tilla,

non ardens

Isillis.

Eykake is a cake compounded with eggs. Compare et, ovuni. Flamicia signifies See the note on that word. a FLAWNE. 3 In stat. 12 Ric. II. c. 13, 1338, it is ordered that the fpnes, et autres ordures des iss2i.es et entrailles sihien des hestes tuez, come dcs antres corrtipcions,'" cast into the ditches adjoining to towns, shall be removed, under a penalty of 20. In the English version In the Offiee of the the word here is rendered " garbage." Stat. of Realni, ii. 59. Celleressp of Barking, the " yssues of the larder " are esplained to be the hides, inwards, and tallow of osen, &c. whieh were sold, and of which she was charged to render an " Les issu'ts d'vne leste, the head account. Cott. MS. Nero, D. viii. Mon. Ang. i. 8].
^

and

intrals of a beast."

cotg.

PROTilPTOIUU.M

PAUVULOKUM.

2fi7

Ivon, or ivery (iwr, or iwery, h. yvoiy, s. iixyr, p.) Ebnr. luuDONE, pyssepotte.i Jru-damis, madella, c.f. madula, c.f. urna.

IvRYE, wliere Ivys dwelle (Iwry, s.)Judea, Judaismus. luHYSDiCTiox (or an auctorite, r.)
Jurisdictio.

" Madula, lordeyne or pisse-potte." med. " A lordane, machda, madelhim, mhisaCAiu. ANG. AValsingham relates tlie appropriate punishment imposed upon a quack physieian, wlio was compelled to ride through London with his face to the horse's tail, his ncck garnished with dtjce olke, qvAS lordanes vuhjo vocajnus." A.D. 13S2, ed. Camd. 288. Holinshed, who calls him " a coleprophet," terms them " two iorden pots," Chron. iii. p. 440. Cliaucer speaks of uriials and "jordanes" (Pardonerc's Prol.), and if not identical, they seem to have been similar in form. See the marginal sketch in SIoane's MS. 73, f. 138, h. where it is said, in the directions for preparing vermillion, " take a good thicke lordan of glas," which, after being well eovered with luting, was to be used as a sort of crucible. It is precisely of the sanie shape as the glass vessel usually held by the leech, or water-doctor, in ancient representations. The word is found in the Vision of P. Ploughman, and is used hy Shakespeare. not derivcd Skinner thinks it from the name of the river Jordan, but from AngSax. 'z^or, sordes, a,nd dex^, receptacidum ; an etymology which has been adopted by tlie author of tlie Ciaven Glossary. The derivation from Armoric, dourden, urhia, has also been suggested. Blount states that the jordan was a double urinal, but ofTers no explanation. The Jewish community being regarded as the property of the Sovereign, is termed in ancient records '* Juilaismus Reffis, Judatsmus noster, or comrnu/iitas JudwoniM itostrorum;" and the Jews were bound to reside only in royal cities and boroughs. See " Les HstatHtz de la Jev.erie" t. Edw. I. Stat. of Realm, i. 221. They were marked by a badge, and, althougb it does not appear that they were compoUed to dwell in one part of a city appropriated to them, as is the Glietto in the eities of Italy, yet they seeni to have congregated in a district, probably on account of the detestation in vvhich they were held, and it is remarkable that, although more than five centuries have elapsed since they were totally expelled by Edw. I. in 1290, the memorial of their settlement in many cities in England is still preserved in the local name of Jewry. M. Paris speaks of the Judaismas at Worcester, which was ravaged by Rob. de Ferrars in 1264 and Rob. of Glouc. says of the great outrage at the accession of Richard C(Bur de Lion,
'

rhtm.''

i^!

'^

" Ther was many a wild hine, that prest was ther to, And wende in to the Gywerie, and woundede, and

to

drowe," &c.

p. 485.

See Chaucer's account of the " Jewerie" R. Brunne uses " Juerie" in a like signification. Prior. T. 13,419. Besides the Old Jewry in the metropolis, in a Christian city in Asia Leland speaks of the street at Winehester, leading there is still the Jewry at Canterbury. from the Higli Street to the Nortli Gate, " caullyd the Jury, by cause Jues did eiihabite it, and had theyr synagoge there." Itin. iii. f, 71. and says of Warwick, " The suburbe
;

I hard ther without the East Gate is called the Smithes streete In aneient deeds relating to dwellyd in it." Itin. iv. f. 16,5, a.
;

tliatthe

Jues some tyme

is

" the Jurye" At Lynn, where the Promptorium was meiitioned, and the Jury street still exists. coinpiled, the Jews had formed a numerous settlemant at an eariy period, and there is Blomf. Norf. iv. 678, In low Latin the part of a city reserved for .still the Jews' street. the Jews was called Jadcearia, Jaderia, Jutana, ov Judcca, iii French Juierie, Juirie, See or Jaterie ; wherein, iu some countries, they werc compelled exclusively to d .vell. further of the early settleraents of the Jcws in England in Dr. Tovey's Anglia Judaica, Observations, ArchvCol, viii. 38!}. aud Caley's

Warwick

268

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORfM.
Lancino, CATH. hastiludo. lusTYNGE. Hastiludus, liastiludium. lusTE, potte.4 0{e)nofe7mm, c. f. (cATH. V. justa, s.) Jiisticiarius. lusTYCE. Iustyfyyn', or make rygh(t)efulle
(rytbfulle, k.) Justifico.

luRNALLE, lytylle buke. IHurnale. luRXEY.^ D/eta. luRXEY, of walkynge. Viaf/itim. luROWRE (iuiTour, K. p.) idem quod lOROWRE SM-pra.^ (IvRRowRY, H. p. or lorowrye,
siqjra. Siisurrium, cath.) lussELLE, or dyscbelle, dyshemete

lusTYN wytbe sperys.

(iuscbel, or disbel,

s.)''

Jussel-

hnn, coMM,

luwERE
p.)

(iver,

ii.

iwere,

s.

iuwr',

lusTARE.

Ilastilusor.

Remedium.

Dieia, according to tlie Catliolicon, signifies a day's journey : the terin occurs in this sense in Bracton and Fleta, where it is said that " omiiis rationahilis dicta coastat ex xx. miliaribvs." Chaucer uses the word in this sense, Knight's T. 2,740 ; Chaucer's Dream, 1945 ; and also in that of a day's work, Rom. of Rose, 679. Journey had also the signifieation of a day's conflict, in like manner as the expression " the day " is used at present. Thus in the Paston Letters it is said of the Battle of St. Allian's, 1455, that "alle the Lordes that dyed at the jorney arn hei-yed at Seynt Albanes; " and the engagement is tcrmed " the male journey " of St. Alban's, meaning, apparently, the disastrous battle. Vol. i. 108, 110. See Jamieson, v. Jorneye. lu Norfolk, Journey implies the time a man is at plough, about six hours ; if he works nine, two Journeys are taken.
'

the Catholicon sus^i.rro is rendered miirmurator, and susii.rriuni, riiarraur, latens Both the English and Latin words are here evidcntly onomatopeias, and in like manner the sound produced by diiferent birds is termed jurring, or jarring. In the Liber vocatv.s Femiua, MS. Trin. CoU. Cant., amongst the noises of aniraals, it is said To jurre signifies that " Colure ierisf, et colc chav.nt, coluere iurrut, and eok syngej>.'' also to strike harshly against any thing, in which sense it is U3,d by HoUand, Pliny, B. ix. 30; Livy, p. 963. Cotgrave glves '^ Bocquer, to butte or jurre. Heurter, to knock, push, jur, joult, or hit violently against." Jamieson gives jurr as signifying the noise of water falling among loose stones. Jusselle was a compound of eggs and gi"ated bread, with saffron and sage, boiled in broth. The name seems to have been taken from the ancient dish called Juscellum by Apieius. See directions for making " Jusshell " in the Forme of Cury, pp. 28, 97 ; Harl. MS. 5401, p. 198. The Liler cure cocoruni supijlies, under the head de Potayiis, the foUowing metrical recipe for " lusselle."
^

In

locutio.

**

" Take myud bred and ejTen J^ou swynge To hom to-gedur wyth out lettyng; Take fresshe broth of gode befe, Coloure hyt wyth safron \>al is me lefe Boyle hyt softly, and in l^o boylyng Do ^er to sage, and persely joyng." Sloane MS. 1986,
;

p. 58.

Elyot gives " Minutal, a meate made with chopped herbes, a iussell." See Dueango v. " Jossel, an hodge-podge. North." Grose Craveu Dial. JusselluM, and Juscellam. * ppotte, MS. " Ohha, quidara vas liquidorura, Aaglice a iuste." med. " Onophorririi, a crostell, or a wyne potte. Justa, olla monachi." ortus. Accordiug to Ducange the tenn jvda deaiesuralis occurs in the signification of a certain measure by which vvinc was .served to the nionks. So likewise in the Consuetudinary of Evesham, priutcd by Dugdale from thc doeumcnt ia the Augmcutation Office, thc " justa " is
;

PROMPTOIUUM PARVULOUUM.

269

Kable, schyppe

rope.

CurcuUa,

CATH. nule/is, c. F. vestis, cath. Kace, happe. Casus. Kace, of closyuge.i Capsa.

Kardyn'. Carpo, cath. Karyyn'. Veho. literd, Quere plura vocahula in supra, sub hac sillabd Ca in

Kace, or

casse

for

pynnys (or
k.)^

principio dictionis.

nedelys, h. p.)

Capcella.

Key
Key,

of a lok.

Clavis.
ij.

Kacchyn'
Abif/o,

a-wey

(kachyn,

or knyttynge of

wallys, or

cath.
or di-ynynge, k. h.
p.

trees

yn an vnstabylle grownde

(Kahchynge,
katchyuge,

Hinatus.)

Kage. Catasta. (Kake, k. h. p. Colirida, torta.) Kalendere. Calendarium. Kalendys. Kalende, plur.
Kallyn', or clepyiT. Voco. Kampyx.3. Pedipilo. Kakue for wulle. Cardus (c. f. dicit quod cardi sunt piectines
ferrei, p.)

(key of stathe, k. in one stable p.)-'' grounde, Loramentum, cath. et 0. F. vel caya, secundum cornmunes cartas. Keyage, or botys stondynge.
liipatum, UG. in D. priuely Keky'yn', or (kekyn, k, h. s. p.)^

waytyn'
Intuor,

observo, c. f. (sj^eculor, k.)

Kelare, vesselle. Friyidarium. (Kelare, infra in kymlyne.)

named
cellarer.

as the

measure by whioh drinks were at certain seasons to be served by tbe

Mon. Angl. i. 149. Roquefort states that the Juste contained about a pint; but the Juta, which Ducange considers as sjuonymous, is accounted to liold two quarts. Clothynge, ms. and s. The other MSS. and Pynson's edit. give closynge. Compare
'

CASE, of elosynge. ^ Katciitn, ms.

See cachyn' a-way. Compare Teut. Ketsen, sectari, cursare. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 11, b. it is said that Cajnllus Veneris " mundefye)? )>e lunges, and ]>e breste, and cacclie}' out wykede raateres in hem ;" and that " margery perles wastyn, and fordon, and cacchen out of ^^e body w^kede liumors;" f. 12, b.

Hengrave, p. 11, mention occurs Genevieve, where Montfort, Earl of Leicester, was defeated in 1173; and the liame has been supposed to have some connectiou with that occurrence, but more probably was given to a close appropriated to camping, the favourite game of the Eastern counties. Sir Thos. Brown gives to kamp in his list of Norfolk words. Tusser speaks of the game, in December's Husbandry, as beneficial to grass land. In a publication by M. Stevenson^ 1673, entitled " Norfolk droHery," is a poem in reference to this ancient game, and it is fully described by Forby. Loramentum is explained in the Catholicon to mean boarding or frame-work compacted together, as in the construction of a ceiling. Stathe, which here is found only in the King's CoII. MS. occurs hereafter, as follows, STathe, waterys syde. Stacio. It signifies a landing-place for merchandise, or quay, and several instances are found at Lynn and Hull. Ducange, v. Cui/a, rejects Spelman's derivation of this word ; " Kaia,
'

See campvn'.
le

In ancient deeJs cited

in tlie Hist. of

of "

eamping

close," near

Fornham

St.

area i/i littore, e compactis tabulis trabihiisque, claviv.m iiistar,jlrmota. Sax. cajg, " c/a^yis, which, however, here appears to be the correct etymology. " Key to knytte walles toguyder, clef.''' palsg. * Kebyy.n', ms. Compare waytvn, or a-spyyn. Observo. Chaucer uses the verb to kyke in the sense of gazing with a fixed look. Nicholas is thus described, when, to deceive tlie carpenter, he pretendcd to bc distraught, or in amazemcut

270

PEOMPTORIOI PARVULORUM.
liyt selfe

Kelyx', or wax colde bo

(kelyn be ))e self, k.) CATH.frigesco.

Keme
tino.

wulle, or othere lyke. Pecliere,

Friijeo,

Kemi-xge of
tinacio.

or wiiUe.
s.

Pec-

Keltn,
Kelle.^
CATH.
s.

01*

make colde.
Beticulum,

Frigefacio. retiaculum^
(reciolum,

et UG. in teneo

Kempe Kempe

eel {sic, k. h.

p.)^

of herviige, or spyrlyiige.

P.)

Kemyx'

here.

Como, cath.
" This

Kempte. Pectinatus, comptus. Kempstare. Pectrix.

Nicliolas sat ever gaping upright,

oii

As he had kyked

the

newe nione."

Miller's Tale, 3445.

Brockett and Jamieson give to keek or keik, to look with a prying eye, to spy narrowly. Compare Teut. kijeken, Belg. kyken, spcctare. Su. G. kika, iiUi-idis ocidis videre. " ^(^('e?;?((, a lytell nette or kalle. Reticinellurii, ^'kaWe.'"' om. " A kelle, reticulum, A kelle knytter, reticularius.'''' cath. a.ng. The fashion of confining the rcticiuellu/ii. Lair in an ornamental network, which occasionally was jewelled, seems to have obtained in England from the time of Hen. III. until that of Elizabeth, and an endless variety of examples are afforded by illuminated MSS. and monumental effigies. It wastermed calle or kelle, a terni directly taken. perhaps, from the French nr'e, Latin calautica or callus ; and it had also tbe appellation " creepen,'" cres^rine. still retained in Southern Europe to denote the picturcsque head-dresses of the females, formed with net-work of coloured The head-attire of silk, and which still present maay of the fashions of ancient times. the lovely lady who led in Sir Gali-un to the court of King Arthur is thus described (Anturs of Arther, ed. Robson, p. 14)
:

" Her fax in

fyiie

perre was frettut and fold,

Her

counter-felit

and hur

kelie were colurt ful clene."

;

St. 29.

See Kynge of Tars, 365 ; the Grene Knight, 2'31 Cant. Tales, 6600 Troil. iii. 775 Townl. Myst. p. 312, <Scc. In the minute description of the attire of Elizabeth, Queen of Hen. VII. as she appeared before her coronation. 14S7, it is said that she wore " her faire yelow hair hanging down pleyne byhynd her bak, with a calle of pipes over it." Lel. CoII. iv. 220. Hall mentions the " kall " worn by Anne of Cleves at her first interview " Call for maydens, rctz de soje.''^ palsg. Amongst the occupawith Henry YIII. 1547. tions of the ancient ladies of the court of Elizabeth, Harrison mentions " caulworke."
; ;

Descr. of Eng. Holinsh. Chron. i. 196. The term caul is applied likewise in other signiAmongst the jjeriiiiencia 'piscatorum, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 153, is given " Caile or pu(r)snett, reticulum." The oriierdum of a slaughtered beast is eailed in Norfolk the " Kell in a woman's belly, ta^/e." palsg. kell. The superstition respecting the membrane which sometimes covers the head of a new-born infart, termed the caul, and in the North the silly-how, noticed by CTrose and Brand, has been mentioned in the note on the word iiowE, p. 250. " Ang.-Sax. cylla, uter." skinner. ^ The signification of kempe, as applied to fish, is very obscurs. Kenip, from Ang.Sax. cempa, miles, signifies a knight or champion, and thence implies excelience or superiority, as in strength, or unusual size. See the remarks of Ihre on Su. G. kaempe, atldeia. kempe, uli a giande." cath. a.ng. Kempe may therefore here denote an eel of the largest size, called otherwise a fausen eel, or a spitchcock. In the veriion of Junius' Nomenclator, v. Anguilla, Higins observes, praijraialis, a fausen eele, riiiiania, a grigge, rnedia, a scaffling dicitur." See Gesn. de Aquat. lib. iv. Palsgrave gives " Kempe eele," without any French word.
fications.

"A

'''

PnOSIPTORIUM PARVULOIIUM.

271
of a gentyl herte
p.
)

Keende,

or

kynrede (kencle, or

Kendlynesse
Kene,

kenrede, k. or kyncle, p.) Gemis,

progenies, i^rosapia, stirps. Kende, or kynde of tliyngys
J?at

(kendnesse, k.

or scharpe.
for

Gratitudo. Asper, acutus.

Kenel
Kenet,

Godd cowrsly hathe insett ()jat God hathe made, K.curs]y,H. pat
Godcowrsly msette,
s.)

cuhile,

howndys. Cantulariuni, canicularium, kylw. hownde.i Reperarius,

Natura.

venaticus, caniculus,

comm.

{le-

Kende,
herte,

or kynde, or fre (of, k.)

and gentylle (fre or ientyll

frely

ofherte, p.) Keendly, or

frendly,
h.

Gratus. (kyndly, or Gratanter, p.)

porarius, kylw. k. s.) Kenne, or teche.2 Doceo, instruo, informo. (Kennyn, or kuowyn, k. h. s. r.

Agnosco.)

amicahiliter.

Kennynge,

Kendly,
or

after \q cowrs of kende (aftyr kynde, k. kende, or kindly, after

curtsy

of

Idude, p.)

or knowynge (tokenyng, K. kennynggys, or knowynggys, s.)^ Cofjnicio, acjnicio. Kennynge, or techynge. Tnstructio, informacio, doctrina.

Naturaliter.

Thekenet is nientioned in the " Maystere of the Game c. xiij. of rennynge houndis. There ben also rennynge houndes, sorae lasse and some moor; and )>q lasse bya clepid kenettis, and \>es, houndes rennen vvel to al maner game, and J^ei servene for al game; men clepin hem heirers, and euery hounde J^at haj> J:>at corage wil falle to be an heirere of From this passage it might be nature with litel makynge," &c. Vesp. B. xii. f. 65. supposed that harriers vvere originally so termed as being vvell adapted for close pursuit, and not from their being specially used in hunting the hare. Roquefort gives " harier; In " Danie Julyans Bernes doctryne," in her Boke of Hunpresser,harceler,pourmivre.^^ Fyrste there is a Grelioun(de), a tynge, it is said, " Thyse ben the names of houndes. Bastard, a Mengrell, a Mastif, a Lemor, a Spanyol, Raclies, Kenettys, Teroures, Butcliers houndes, dunghyll dogges, Tryndeltaylles, and pryckeryd currys and smalle ladyes popees that bere awaye the flees, and dyuers smale favvtes." Sign. e. ij. v. ed. 1490. Roquefort gives '^ chiermet, clienet; en las Lat. che/ietus,'" as signifying a little dog and the term occurs in the satirical AngloNorman poem, descriptive of the lady of the XlVth cent. and her dogs, who, as it is said, " pius ad cher uii kenet ke nul vache hotc tor." Rel.
; ;
;

Antiqu.

i.

155.

" La

troverez les Tcenez sayllaunz

leverez

E les graiom
;

raum^Mnz

cum grifiloun, cuin lyoun.'" Harl.

MS. 209,

f.

7. b.

In the ancient romances the kenet is mentioned as used in the chace of the deer, and the wild-boar. See the descriptions of the hunting parties of King Arthur and his knights, Avowynge of King Arther, st. vi. ed. Robson, pp. 2, GO. in the Anturs of Arther, st. iv. They here appear to have been led in couples, and used vvith the bounds called raches, and berselettes, besides greyhounds. It seeins, therefore, that they were the sniailer dogs, which served to find tlie beast of chace, and on that account kenet is here rondered repeh&xM, caniculus.''' CATU. Venaticus \b iQndev&A in the Ortus "aspanyel." rarius. ANG. See also Syr Gawayn and the Grene Kny^t, liue 1701, ed. Madden. Palsgrave gives " kenet coloure, ccwlre.'" * In the Vision of P. Ploughman the verb to kenne repeatedly occurs in this sense. See Towneley Myst. pp. 9, 10. also Syr Gawayn and Vhe Grene Kny^t, line 1431 3 Will. Worcester uses the term kenning to denote a distance at sea, pp. 179, 313;

"A

272
(Keo, or CADAW,
chowghe,
infra 3Ionechila.)
et

PKOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
svpra
in in

Kepyn'. Cvstodio,

koo.
\

Kepynge.

BRYD. EIepare. Custos, comervatrix.

servo, conscrvo. Custodia, ohservacio, observancia.

conservator,

Ker, where

trejs

growyn bc a
Cardetum. Alnetum.)

watur or a fenn.'
Edituus,

Kepare
editiia.

of au hoTvse.

(Ker

for alclyr, h. p.

Kerche,
of an howse, or au howse

or kvrchefe.2

Peplum,
c. f.

Kepare

terestrum, cath. fiameum,

holdare.

Paterfamilias.

flameolum, comm.

it appears from Leland that "20 miles %vas aceounted as a kenning, probably, as the extreme distance within ordinary sight. " Snylley is a kennyng, that is to say, about a XX. miles from the very Westeste pointe of Cornewaulle." Itin. iii. f. 6. See also f. 13. In the Nortli, according to Brockett, half a bushel is called a lienning. ' In the Mayster of Game it is said of the Roe, " They hauntene in strange hattes of wood, or in stronge hethys, and sometj^me in carres, and comonly in hie contrees." Vesp. B. XII. f. 32, b. John Crane, of Norton Subcors, Norwich, bequeatlied to his wife, in 1484, " all the londs, merys, marysses, alderkars," &c. in Norton. Transcripts from Camden, in liis Remains, under SurRegisters at Norwich, Harl. JIS. 10, f. 195, b. names, explains car as signifying " a low waterie place, where alJers do grow, or a poole." Car signifies in Norfolk, according to Forby, a wood or grove on a moist soil, generally of Brockett gives carr, ilat marshy land, or a small lake. alders. So likewise Leland, in his description of the N. Riding, says, " there is a praty car or pole in Bishop's Dale." " low medowes, and morisch ground ful of He speaks repeatedly of Itin. V. f. 116. In Lord North's Household Book, 1512, a warrant is carres." Itin. i. f. 40, 66, 74. given for taking swans from the carre of Arrom, in the lordship of Lekinfield, Yorkshire. Jamieson v. Cai-se, and Kerss. Compare aldyrktr, in the Promptorium. Su. Ct. See

and

kaerr,
^

Isl.

kaer,

'paliis.

derived from the French couvre chief, or creveche, a covering for the head, the heafod-claS of the Anglo-Saxons, was, until the XVIth cent,, almost an indisIlluminated MSS. and monumental effigies present an pensable portion of female attire. R. Brunne, describing the flight of endless varicty of the fashions of its arrangement. the Empress Maud from Oxford across the frozen Thames, 1142, says that she wore only her smock, but her features were decently veiled. (Langt. Chron. p. 122)

The

kerchief,

" Wijjouten kirtelle or kemse, saue kouerchief

alle

bare vis."

See Coer de Lion, 1031. Chaucer, in the Man of Law's Tale, calls it a " kercher," to the usage that the widow should conceal her face with the " coverchefe," as so tVequently seen on sepulehral effigies. Wife of Bathe's Prol. 6171. The kerchief was formed of silk, crape, or any tliin tissue, whieh, when necessary, was rendei-ed stifF " plytes " seems to have by starch. See staeche for kjrcheys. The material termed Isabella Belgrafe bequeaths, in 1401, been imported from Flanders or Germany. "iij. peces ^^ai/i.', videlicet ij. de serico, et j. de kryspe;" and in 1402 the wife of a taiiner at York mentions her "Jlameola de threde ; ij. jiameola de cipres, et j. lampas In the will of Isabella de Wyleby, 1415, she devises " jlameolum de hrespe; volet." j. jdice de laviid; j. jlavitolum de Parysse; Jtameolvrn de Reijns,'''' &e. and to the nursery women of Raby Castle, where she died, " rotulum de flameolo de coioii." Testam. Ebor. i. 280, 289, 383. The material called plites is named in the Compotus for the collection of the subsidy on importations to Hull, 1400: " M.iiij<^ fammeoV voc'

and alludes

PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.
EIervare be-forne a lorde.^ Escarius,

273
or kuttynge. Scissura.
or gravynge.

CATH, cironomon^ dist.

Kervynoe, Kervynge,
tura.

Sculp-

Kervare, or kuttare. Scissor. Kervare, or gravowre. Sculptor. Kervyn' or cutton'. Scindo, catii.
seco.

or chetyle, or caudrone. Cacabus, lebes. Ketylle hat.2 Pelliins, ug. in

pello, galei^us,

Ketyl,

Kervy55', or gravyn'.

Sculpo.

comm.

vaV zxjii.^^ Frosfs Hist. of Hull, The statute 3 Edw, IV. c. 5, forbade the sale, Mich. 1465, of " ascune lavne, wfels, umple, ou ascua aufre manere dez couvrechiefs " Amiculum, dount le price d'un plite passera x s. : " these were of foreign manufacture. a bende or a kerchyff." med. " Multicium, vestis subiilis, a sylken cote, a kercher, /ac(wi de serico.^'' ort. In Pynson's Boke to lerne French are given " a kyrcherr, unt/ keruuerchief ; a neckyrchiar, ung coUerette ;" and Palsgrave has " courchefe, quevuerchief.'''' " Kerchiefe worne with a paste or rolle, tainia. Kerchiefe worne vpon the head, chekes, Compare volypere, kerche. or eares./ocaie." huloet. ' " Cironomou (a keruere) mensis, lectis assistit ale^ytes (a siirgyone, or a chamhcrleyne.)" Distigius, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 113. The functions of the IrenchecUor, or ecui/er trenchani, at the tablo of the sovereign or noble, were regarded as of an honourable nature, and regiilated by prescribed ceremonial. The details thereof may be learned from the Household Ordinances of the English Court, published by the Ant. Soc. the ceremonial of the inthronization of Abp. Neville, 1466, Leland, Coll. vi.; the order for the government of a nobIeman's house, 1605, Archssol. xiii. 315, and similar documents. At the coronation of Henry IV. the office of carver was claimed by the Earl of Somerset, half-brother to the King, in right of his earldom of Lincoln; and on ordinary occasions the office was discharged by Bannerets, or Knights bachelors, who were called Kniglits of chamber, or, in their absence, by the Knights of household. See Liber Niger Edw. IV. Househ. Ord. 32. The Lords Henry Neville and Clinton were the chief carvers at the court of Henry VIII. 1526 and at all times the office seems to have been held by men of rank, and was conferred by patent. See the Treatise cle scissura ciborum, et servicio domiiiorum diversis temporihus, Sloane MS. 1986, t. Hen. VI. especially the chapter de culteUis domini, in the Treatise de officiariis in curiis dominorum, which has been edited by Mr. Halliwell for the Percy Soeiety, Boke of Curtasye, p. 28. The minor details of the craft are given in the Boke of Kerving, W. de Worde, 1508. " Karuer afore a Prince, Escvier trenchant. I kerue as a lordes karuer dothe at his table, le trenche, I put tlie towell aboute a karuer or a ser4ier's necke, that shall serue a greate man at his table, le encoUe la touaiUe.'' palsg. The proceeding to which allusion is here made was conducted with ceremony, and was termed arming the carver; see Lel. Coll. vi. 7 ; ArchajoL xiii. 332. At certain times both the carver and sewer performed their services kneeling on one knee, as represented in the illumination which exhibits the death of Earl Godwin at the table of Edward the Confessor, Vitell. A. xiii. engraved in Strutt'8 Regal Antiplites

after

quities, plate 2.
^ PeUiris appears to have been a helm of leather, which was called also a palet, a word occurring in the Promptorium. By Ugutio it is explained to have heen " galea ex corio vel 2'^^e," to which, in the Ortus, is added, " Anfflice, a helme of lether. Galerus, a coyfe of lether.'" Jb, Sir W. Langford, in 1411, bequeaths to his son a " haberion," and a " ketill hatte," which is considered by Sir S. Meyrick to have been identical with the visored capelline, or steel hat, represented in Crit. Enquiry, ii. pl. 48. It would appear from the Promptorium that the kettle hat was exclusively formed of leather it is, however, probable that the name was likewise given to the cha^iel de fcr, or capeUus ferreus, used from the time of Edw. II. until the XVIth cent. the form being at all tiines CAMD. ROC. 2 N
;

274

PEOMPTORIUM PARVULORUil.
or kevv-1, fov liors.^ ii/or-

Kevle,
dale,

Kygge,
p.)-*^

or ioly (kydge, h. kyde,

hillaris, vernosus.

camus

{sic, s.

chamus,

p.)

Jocundus,

Kewtyn',
glatio,

as cattys.

Catillo, c. f.

Kyllyd.
rnactatus.

Interfectus,

occisus,

CATH.
of cattys.2
Cubitus.
Catillatus,

Kewtynge
Kybyte.
KYCH\"5rE.

Kyllyx, or
s.)

glaticus (glatatus, P.)

slone (slen, k. slayn, Occido, interficio. Kyllyn', as bocherys don bestys.

Coquina, culina, popina (fulina, cath. p.) Kechv"ne knave. Lixa. Kychyne gotere. Alucium. Kyde, beest. Edus. KYD,fagot.3 Fassis (fascicidus, p.)

Macto.

Kyllynge.

Mactacio, interfeccio.

Kylne
p.)

(f)or nialt

diyynge
c. f.

(kyll,

U(s)trina,
s.

Kymlyne,
lyn,

or kelare, vesselle (kyn-

F.y

Cunula.

nearly tlie same, and from tlie wide projecting brim bearing mnch resemblance to a It is, however, eertain that armour of leather was silvered over to give it the ealdron. appearance of metal, and it is bighly probable that ccir-louiUi, which supplied defences of a very serviceable nature, and more commodious than plate armour, was extensively used. The form of the kettle hat, at the period when the Promptorium was compiled, may be seen in the drawings in Rous' Life of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick,
Julius, E. IV. Strutfs Horda, voL ii. ' The reading of the MS. is here canv.s,
frerd,
i.

which seems to be corrupt. " Chamus, genus " Camus, a byt, or snafHe." elyot. The Promptorium gives chavylboxe, niarcdilida, which may possil)ly give a clue to the It has not been notieed as i'etained in any derivation of the term kevyl, a bit for a horse. provincial dialect in England, but Jamieson gives " Kewl, a halter brought under the through his mouth." jaws of an unmanageable horse, and passed
cajtlstram,
et

^Mrs freni, mo\e\ne.'' aied.

Catillare signifies to
fflatir.

mew

Fr.

See Ducange.

as a cat; but fflatire properly denotes the noise of dogs Palsgrave gives " Kewtyng, bringjng forthe of yonge cattes,

chatteme/it.^^

" Kydde, a fagotte, /alovrde." palsg. 3 " Ray Iddde, uli fagott." cath. ang. gives kid, a faggot, among North-couutry words, it is likewise noticed in the Craven and Gouldman gives it as synonymous with faggot ; and Skinner as a Salopian Dialects. word in use in Lincolnshire, as it were " fasciculzts ligni cadv.i." * Kedge, brisk, budge, hale and lively. Suff. Ray and Moore. Kedgie, Caigie; Jamieson. Forby gives kick, signitying in Norfolk a novelty or a dash ; and kicky, showy. Both " He's in high kick," is a proverb in the vvords are given in a like sense by Jamieson. Craven Dialeet. Compare Su. Cf. kaeck, Germ. keck, Isl. kiaekr, av.clax, a/iimosas. * Cu/nula, MS. In a roll of 2 5 Edw. I. among the miscellaneous records of the

Queen^s Remembrancer, a payment occurs ^' Stejihano le loiffrarr, pro j. Ker/iheli/ia sv.hias The Latin-Engl. Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. gives, cister/iam Rtffis, vijd.''^ under the head " ad hrasoriur/i 'pertiyie/icia, Kymnelle, cu/m ; Kunlione, cunella."

Thos. maskefat,
banllos.''''

He goth, and geteth him a kneding trough, And after a tubbe, and a kemelin." Miller's Tale, 3622. Harpham of York bequeaths, in 1341, " unv.m jjlv.mhuni, unam cu/iam,
et

"

qvjx vocaiur

duas parvas cunas qv.<s vocanlur gylefatts, dv.as kymelyns, et duos pan-os Testam. Ebor. i. 3. " Kynmell, quevue, quevuette." palsg. Skinner gives kemeling, as signifying in Lincolnshire a brewing vessel and Ray, among North-country
;

rnOMrTORIUM PARVULOr.UM.

275
fyer,

Kyklyne,

01- hertliestok (kyiiny, eithestock, k. kymlyn, h. p.)

(kyndelyng of
censio, succensio.

k.)

Ac-

Repofocilimn,

c. f. et catii.

Kyynde,
supra.

iclem

quod
siqyra

keende,
in

(Kyndlynesse,
LYNESSE, P.)

kend-

or forthe bryngyng of beestys (kindeling, k. kyndlinge, p.) Fetura, cath. Kynlynge, yonge beeste (kyndelynge, s.) Fetus.

Kenlynge,
yonge

Kynlyd,
fyei",

as

fyyr
s.

(kyndelyd as
kyndled,
p.)

K. kynlyn,

Accensus, sticcensus.

Kynge. Eex. Kyngdame. liegnum. Kyngys commawndement.

dihurdium,
c. F.

Mnn-

Kynled, or kyndelyd
biyngynge
(kyndelid
of
in

in forthe

yonge beestys bryngforthe of bestys, k.) Fetatus, cath. Kyndlyn' fyyr (kynlyn, s.) Accendo, succendo.

Kyngys
Isida,
culis.

{edictum, p.) fyschare, lytylle byrde.

c.

F.

qiii

describit, et

vivit

eam optime parvis ^nsci-

Kyngys

Kyndlyn,
efeto,

or brynge forthe yonge

kyndelyngys (kinlyn, K.s.yFeto,

cath. profundo,
ug. in foveo, utrumque ug. v. in P. Kynlynge, as fyyr, and oper lyke

pnrs, or burs. Fiscus, UG. infoveo. Kynnysman, or woman. Con-

Kynrede.

consanguineus. Generacio, progenies, prosapia, trihus (stirps, p.)

trihulis,

words, has kimnel, or kemlin, a powdering tub. Compare Kimnal, Salopian Dialect Kimmen, Jamieson. A killer, according to Forby, is a shallow tub, distinct from a cooler, and so called, as he states, from A.-S. kylle, cadus. Compare KELAre, Fnyidarhun. Marvellous tales are given by ancient writers regarding the productiou of gems in Eastern countries by serpents, which, lying in the sun, have therehy couceived.
'

" Swich

is this addres kyndlyng, Preciouse stones withouten lesyn" ."

K. Alis. 56S0.

The expression " genivvina

viperarum,'''' Vulg. Luke iii. 7, is in the Wicliffite version rendered " kindelyngis of eddris." In the Mayster of Game, Vesp. B. xii. f. 20, b. and 21, " the hares han no sesone of her loue, for in euery monthe of the yere ne slial it is said,
j^at some ne be with kyndeles, the hare berej> ij monthes her kyndels, and whanne han kyndeled, )5ei likkene her kyndels as a biclie dootli her whelpes." Jlous, Ilist.

not be
l^ei

Reg. Angl. ed. Hearne,

p. 130, eites the lines attributed to

Thomas

of Ercildon.

" The hare

My

shall kendyll on the harth-stone, dere son, than byld thy hows of lyme and of stone."

In the St. Alban's Book niention is made of " a kyndyll of yonge cattes." Palsgrave gives the verb to " kyndyl! as a she hare or cony dothe, whan they bring forthe yonge. conny kyndylleth every moneth in the yere, porte des petis.'''' Skinner gives tlie word as used in relation to rabbits, and derives it from Ang.-Sax. cennan, parere. See Craven

Glo-ss. V.

Kennle, and Jamieson, Supp,

x,

Kendle.

Compare Belg. kinderen,

to

be

in

child-bearing;

Gcrm.

kindlein, prvlcs.

276
KyppyjJ',

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORrM.
idem

qnod

hyntox,

CATH. UG.
c. F.

in

noceo,

nucidus,

sujjra (heutyn, k. lieuyn, p.)^

Kyppynge,

or byutyuge (heutyuge, K. p.) liajytus. Kyptre of a welle.2 Telo, c. f. et CATH. ciconia, c. f. {telena,
K.).

Kyrkel, or kuobbe yn a beeste, or manuys flesche (knoble, s.)*

Granulum, glandula, c. F. Kyrvyn', or grubbyii' {supra in delvyn, k. kynnyn, s. kynyn, p.)
Fodito, cath.
c.

(Kyrchefe, supra

iii

kerche.)

F.

et

CATH. fodio,

Kyrnel
Kyrxel

of frute.3 of

Granum, graNucleus,

nellum.

Kyrstyone, or Ciystyone, propur

a
uotte.

name (Kii-stiaue, k. Kyrstyau,

or

'

The verb

to kippe, signifying to snatch

up

hastily, occurs frequently in

Havelok

" Aiid Robert kipt ut a knif long, And smot him thoru the rith arm."

2407
;

and K. Horn, 1208; R. Glouc. p. 125 R. Brunne, &c. It is still in use in the Northem dialect. See Brockett and Jamieson, v. Kep and Bp. Kennetfs Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033: " To kep, or cep, Bor. to catch, as, kep the ball." " To kep, vide to catch." gouldm. Ang.-Sax. cepan, Teut. keppen, captare. * The Catholicon gives the following explanation " Telonem hortuloMi voeant lignum qiio hauriunt aquam, a longiiudine dictura; hoc HispoMi ciconiarn dicunt, quia imitetur avem illam rostnirn levantem et deponentem: hujus lignuni modo suej)ejit super puteos.'''' Horman says, " the buckette is of fro the swepe or flayle, and falled into the welle ; urnula ciconie sive teloni excidit." The term seenis to be derivable from Ang.-Sax. cepan. In the North the hooks by which a pot is suspeuded, a contrivance somewhat
See also lines 894, 1050
;
;
:

"

similar to the telo for raising water, are termed kilps, or pot-kelps, according to Ray. kylpe of a caldrone, per^jendicidum.^' cath. akg. See Brockett and Craven dialect,

A
^

v.

Kelps.

G, de Bibelesworth says, speaking of cating an apple, " La pepigrtiere (the skore) vous engettez,
Si
les

pepignes

(J^e

kurnelles) ne plauntez.'''

Forby

states

of salt."

" Granum, to borionne or kyrnell. Grano, i. granis implere, to kyrnell." " kyrnelle, enuclea, gro.nam, nucleus. To kyrnelle, granare, gra,nescere." cath. ang. In Coverdale's version of the treatise by Wermulierus, entitled, The Precious Pearl, 1560, f. 80, it is said that " when the corn is threshed, the kernell lieth mixed among the chaffe, and afterward are they disseuered with the fanne or wendle." Plot speaks of corn full of " kernell." Hist. Oxf. p. 245. Compare ceede of come, as kyrnel. Ang.-Sax. cyrnel,

that kernel signifies, in Norfolk, a grain, as " a kernel of wheat, a kernel The archaic use of tlie word, as denoting grain, appears in the Ortus : Anglice corne, a kyrnell. Granellarn, graynes, or a lytel kyrnel. Gramino,

nucleus.
* " Glandula, nodus sub cute, a waxynge curnelle." med. In Roy. MS, 17. C. XVII. de infirmitatibus, are mentioned " Glandulli, wax kyrnel." "Waxyng kyrnels ; glande, " Tolles, a glanders. Kyrnell or knobbe in the necke, or other where, glandre.'''' palsg. waxynge kernell." elyot. The books of the ancient leeches contain numerous remedies; see Boorde's Breviary of Health, c, 14, 75, 1C5, "of caraelles in tlie flesh," &c.; and

Langham's Garden

of Health.

PROMPTORIUM PAnVTTLORUM.
Krystum,
tiana,
s.

277

s.)

Christina (Chris-

p.)

Kyssynge. Osculacio, osculatus. Catillus, catuncuKvtlynge.3

lus.

Kyrtyl.i Ttmica, suhuncula. Kys, or kus.2 Osculum, hasium. Kyssed. Osculatus, hasiatus. Kyssyn' (kyssen, or ben Idssetl,
p.)

Kyx,

Osculor.

or bunne, or drye -wecd (bunne of dry wed, h. s. p.)"* Calamus, c. f. Knast, or gnaste of a kandol

' It would be scarcely possible to defina the of the day, from the Ang.-Sax. cyrtel, tunica, amongst the Parliament robes of Edward VI., applied. It denoted garments worn by both

to

garments, varied aecording to the fashion the kirtle of crimson velvet provided

to

which
;

this appellation

was successively

sexes

R. Brunne speaks of the Empress

Maud as taking flight from Oxford " withouten kirtelle or kemse," p. 122 ; Chaucer describes the " kirtell of a light waget " as part of the smart attire of Absolon, the parish clerk; Miller's T. 3322. Walter de Bruge, canon of York, bequeathed in 1396, ";.
gounam,, cumj.
curtill, et j. capucio.'''' Test. Ebor. i. 210. The kirtle, as female attire, have been a close-fitting garment, as appears in the description in Sir Launfal of the two "gentyll maydenes ilasced smalle, jolyf, and welle;" and Rob. Henrysoun, t. Hen. VI. says, in the Garment of good Ladies,

seems

to

" Her

kirtle should be of clean constance, Lacit witfa lesum love."

John Payn

relates in his letter to his

master,

John Paston,

that in Cade's rebellion his

was attacked, and the mob " lefte her no more gode but her kyrtyll and her smook." Paston Lett. i. 62. As worn by men, the kirtle seems generally to have been a short garment, and closely girt butthe " kirtell de rouffe tartarin,'' which formed part of the state robes of the Knights of the Bath, was full and long-skirted. " A kyrtelle, ubi a cote. A cote, tu/iica, tioiiceiia.'''' cath. ang. " Kyrtell, a garment, corpset, surcot, " Kyrtell, cottron." Boke to lerne French, Pynson. Duwes, in the Incotellc.^'' PALSG. troductory for to lerne French, written for the Princess Blary, gives " the kyrtell, le corset; the kyrtell, kt cotfelette.'" See Strutt's Dresses, ii. 238, ed. 1842; Douce's Illust. of Shakespeare, Hen. IV. part ii. and Nares. " In the WiclifRte version this word is written " cos, cosse," Luke xxii. 48. R. Brunne " cussed ;" see also R. Glouc. p. 15. In the North it is still pronounced uses the verb cus, or kuss Craven Dial. and Brockett. A.-Sax. cos, osculum. Compare cus, see
wife's dwelling
; ;

p.

111.
^

" Catulus, a whelpe or a kytlynge." ortus. " A kythynge (stc), catuhis, catucath. ang. In the earlier Wicliffite version, Deut. xxxiii. 22, is thus renlaster.''^ dered " To Dan he seith, Dan, keetlj-ng of a lyon (catulus leords, Vulg.) shal flowe Palsgrave gives the verb to " kyttell as a catte dothe, chatonner. largely fro Basan." Gossyppe, whan your catte kytelleth, I praye you let me haue a kytlynge (chatton.y " Chatonner, to kittle, or bring forth young cats. Caller, to kittle as a cat. Faire ses petits, to whclp, kittle, kindle, farrow," &c. cotg, See HolIand's Plutarch, p. 179 Forby gives kitling, a young cat. See Ash, the Cheshire Glossary, Pliny, xxix. c. 4.
:

and Jamieson. This word occurs

in the gloss, in the chapter

on brewing by G. de Bibelesworth.

" Alluriiet
P. so well

amy

cele
it

Ploughman

is

le frenole (J>o kcx.)'' Arund, MS. 220, f. 300. In the Vision of said that glowing embers serve not the workmen in a winter's night

278

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOEUM.

(knast of candelle, K.i) Emtinctura (^secundum Levsay, sjnmictura, s. emictura, p.)

KSATTE.

Cillex,

COMM.

Knave (or ladde, infra.)- Garcio. Knawyn, 01- gnawyii', or fo^vly

" As dooth a kex or a candle, That caught hath fir and blaseth."
In an Herbal, the date of which
that there are

11,804.

is perhaps contemporary with the Promptoriums, it is two species of hemlock, " tame and wilde. The 2 spice is cowh ynowh, to mykel, saf fore pore mennys eldynge, and childus pleynge j^ey callen it )>q In some contre it is called the stalkes stonden whit and ser euery^ere. grete homeloc kex, in some contre wodewhisteL" Arund. MS. 42, f. 23. Eldynge here signifies fuel Allusion is made to the use of the stalks of hemlock see EyLDYNGE, above, p. 136. '^ Erma, a humloeke, or a keyclogge." instead of candles, in Turn. of Tottenham, 201. " Keckes of humbloekes, tviau. Kickes, the drie stalke of humloekes or ORTUS. " Sagaperium, a gumme or rosyn, whiche Kixe, ti-ia-a." palsg. bunes, fvi/av. " Canon de suls, a kex or runneth out of a kyxe or tree, called ferv.la.'" elyot. hollow stick, or branch of elder, or a pot-gun made thereof. Scgv.e, Hemlocke, hom" Kecks, i. hollow stalks and sticks, crenimm.'''' locke, herbe Bennet, Kex." cotg. GOULDM. Holland, in his version of Pliny, B. xxv. c. 7, says that the stem of gentian " is hollow as a kex," and void within; and of line or fiax, B. xix. c. 1, that " the long buns of the stalkes will serve very well to maintaine fire under kills and leads." Shakespeare speaks of " hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burs the proverbs, as and the word is still used dry as a kex, as hollow as a gun or as a kex, are common provincially. See Broekett, Craven, Hallamshire, Salopian, Wiltshire Glossaries, &c. " Kexes, kaxes, or kixes, a Fr. G. cigue, v.tnmqv.e a La.l, cicuta." skinner. Bunne, where given here as synonymous with kyx, is so given likewise previously, p. 55 BUNSiYVDE, the reading of the MS., appears to be erroneous: the King's Coll. MS. gives Bunne, kyx, but possibly a kid or faggot of buns may be intended. This word occurs in " And ^oure strengthe schal be as a deed sparcle the later 'Wicliffite version, Isai. i. 31. of bonys (either of herdis of fiex) ;" in anotber M3. " bones (ei{?er of herdis)," where three of the MSS. give " stobil," and the earlier Vei-sion "sparke of a flax top (favilla

said

Vulg.) Ang.-.Sax. \>va\e,fistula. Eaaruciura, MS. " Emungo, id est sordes auferre de naso gnaste, or a kandel. In the earlier V\1cErriunctorium, a. snufiynge yron." ortus. vel candela, to snufte. " And cliffite vei-sion in the Bodl. MS. by the first hand, Isai. i. 31 is thus rendered : joure strengthe shal ben as a gnast of a flax top {favilla stv.jxB, Vulg.) and ^oure werk as a sparcle (scirdilla)," where the corrected reading of the ordinavy copies, instead of " gnast," is " deed sparke," in the later version " deed sparcle." ^'^ Lichi/ium, gnaiste
stupm,''''
1

" Lichihv.s, candell LicMnus, gnast of J^e candyl." med. or knast of a candell. weyke." ortus. Iu the "Winch. MS. this word not only occurs in its proper place, but " knaste, or is repeated at the end of the letter K after the word kdny, as follows : This was Versus ; Est nasi rn.uco, candele sit tihi muco.^' gnaste off' a candel. Mvco. perbaps a marginal addition, misplaced by the transcriber. Compare Dan. gnist. Swed.
gnista, Icel. gneisti, scintilla.

The term knave long retained the simple meaning of the Ang -Sax. cnafa, puer : thus, the Wieliffite version, " pejierit filiuin mascidum." Vulg. is rendered " sche bere a knaue child." Apoc. xii. 5. Chaucer says of Griselde,
2

in

" She a daugbter hath ybore, All had hire lever han borne a knaue child."

CIerk's Tale.

PEOMPTORIUJI PARVULORUM.
(knavyn, or gnavyn, Corrodo. KxAVYN'GE., or gnavynge {sic.,
bytyii'
s.)

279
of a belle.^
Tintil-

Knyllynge
lacio.

s.

Knyghte
knyjht,

knawynge, k. KxEE.i Genii.

h. p.)

Corrosio.
s.)

s.)

(knyte, k. Miles.

knyth,

ii,

Knyghte

awnterows

(knyht
c.

Knedare

of paste (or pastare,

Pistor, et jilura alia infra in

a-ventowrs, s.)3 et CATH. (brit. s.)

Tiro,

f.

M. mooldare.
Knedy55' paste. Pinso, va.pistrio. KxED\"NGE. Pistura. KxELARE. Geniculator, genuflector, geniculatrix.

Knyghte-hoode.
ronia.

Milicia,

ti-

Knytte.
nexus.

NodatuSf nexus, con-

Knyttyn' a knotte.
connecto.

Nodo,
or

necto,

KxELYN.'

Geniculor, cath. ge~

Genuflectio,
Cultellus,

niculo, CATH. genuflecto.

Knyttyn' yn wylle,
geni(cul-

cumnawnte

Knelynge.
culatus.

Knyfe.

culter

(knyttyn to-gedyr in wyle or comnawnt, k. cvnannt, h. conawnt, s. couenaunt, p.)^ Federo, confedero.

truia, p.)

)>e

it is said of Carduus that it is " on of \>e: noblest mete l^at is for desyren it, for it disposith hem to haue cnaue children." " " Knaue, quocquia, uillain.'''' palsg. knafe, Mc et hec calcula, garcio." cath. ano. Kene, ms. kne, K. s. Palsgrave gives the following curious observation, to illus" The men of this countray kaele vpon one knee trate the use of the verb to kneel

In Arund. MS. 42,

raatrice
;

f.

26,

wommen

'

they liere masse, but y'' frenche men knele vpon.bothe." In W. Thorpe's recital of his examination by Abp. Arundel, 1407, he states that when charged with having preached heresy at St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, he made answer, " As I stood there in tlie pulpit, busying me to teach the commandment of Cxod, there knilled a sacring bell, and therefore mickle people turned away liastily, and with noise ran fro towards me ;" this circumstance called forth the expression which had been con" 1 'knoWQ a,he\\e, le frap^K dnhatant.^' palsg. Ang.-Sax. cnyllan, strued into heresy. campand si<jri,xmi dare. Bp. Kennett remarks that in Yorksbire a passing bell is ealled *' a sawl-knill, from Ang.-Sax. sawl, ardma, and cnyll, campa)i<e pulsatio." Lansd. MS.

whan
2

1033.
* Tt/ro is explained in the Catholicon to be novzcs miles, noviter electus ad militiam; but implied, perhaps, more properly, the novice in arms, who sought occasions for warlike exercise at home and abroad, until his approved prowess should entitle him to the honour of knighthood. See Ducange, the Memoirs of St. Palaye, and other writers on chivalry. Scarcely any of the ancient Romances afford a more graphic and stirring picture of the education and adventure of the Tyro than the life of le i^etit Jekan de Sairdre, wntten about the period when the Promptorium was compiled. The practiee of wandering on the uncertain quest of adventure was by no nieans laid aside when the novice had won his " Knyght of aduentures, chetuilier erraat.'''' palsg. spurs. The verb to knit is used by old writers in the sense of Thus in Sloane MS. to unite. 3548, f. 99, b. is given an extraordinary nostrum " for to knyt synous t>at are brokyne. Take greyte wormes \>a.t are called angeltwycthj^s, and lat hem dry in \>q sunne, and ]>en beyte hem to powder, and strew J>at powder in J>e wounde, and yt shall

280

PROJIPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

to-gedyr. Nodacio, connodacio, connexus. Knyttyxge, or ioynynge, or rabetynge to-gedyr of ij. bordys,

Knyttynge

KXOKYLLE
Coxa,
c. F.

BONE

of

lcgge.

Knokkyn' (knollyn, s.) Pulso. Knoppe (or knot, k.)^ Nodus,

fibula.

or o)7er lyke.

(Gumfus,

c.f. s.

gumphus,

p.)

Knoppe,

or

bud

of a tre (burge

(Knobbe
in

of a mannys hande, or anotlier part of him, k. h.

of a tre, h. p.) {germen, s.)

Gemma,

c.

f.

s. knoUe, p.)^ Callus, CATH. KxoBBE yn a beestys backe or breste, ])at ys clepyd a gybbe (knoble, s. knowe, p.) Gibher, gihhus, cath. Knobbe, or knotte y(n) a tre. Vei-tex, CATH. (cortex, s.) Knobbyd, as hondys or other

knoble,
C. F.

Knotte.
skynne.

Nodus.
the fleshe, vndyr the

Kkotte yn
KxoTTY. Kxotty,

Glandula. Nodosus. wythe-in the

flesche.

Glandidosus. Knowyn'. Cognosco, nOSCO, CATH.

agnosco,

Knowyxge.
KxowLECHYN,'

Cognicio, agnicio.
OT
beii

lymmys.

Callosus.

a-knowe

Kxobbyd,

or

knottyd as

trees.

be constreynynge.

Fateor.
beii

Vertiginosus, verticosus.

Knowlechyn', or
wylfuUy.

a-knowe
a-

KxoDox KxoKYL
bone,

(knedid, k.) Pistus. of an houde (knokilK.)

Confiteor.

Knowlechynge,
knowe.

or

beynge

Condilus,

c.

f,

et

CATH.

Fassio, confessio. Koo, bryd, or schowghe.^ Moae-

Probatum, est sepissime.^'' Palsgrave gives the following verbs knytte to-geder. " I knytte a knotte, le noue; Knytte your purse faste, for tbeir be shrewes a brode. I knyt as a matte maker knytteth, Ic f;/s, coniugated in I wayue. I knyt bonettes or liosen, I knytte vp a le lasse. I knyt one vp, I take hym vp, I reproue hym, le re^jrov.che. niater, I make an ende or eonclusyon of a matter, le determine. I knytte vp a man, I hyra from his libertye, le tiens court.'''' holde hyni shorte, or kepe ' This term is used to denote in general any swelling in the flesh. Chaueer describes the Sompnour's visage, from wliich no detergent could remove the evidences of surfeit.

" That him might lielpe of his whelks white, Ne of his knobbes sitting on his chekes." Prol.

v.

636.

a stroke, ligne. Kyrnell, or knobbe in the necke, or other w-here, ghindre.^' palsg. Andrewe Boorde, in the Breviarie of Health, 1575, gives a dctailed account of the kinds, cause, and cure of nodi, or '' knottes, knobbes, knorres, or burres, the which is in man's tiesli or fatnesse;" c. 109. ^ knoppe of a scho, luUa. To knoppe, hullare. knoppe of a kne, iniernodium." cath. axg. The word knop, or knob, in its various significations, seems to be derived from Ang.-Sax. cx\x.\\, jugum, and denotes any protuberance, as a button, a bud, or the head of a sore. " Knoppe of a payre of beedes, hovp^je. Knoppe of a cuppe, pomeau de coviiei-leqwe. Knoppe wede, an lierbe." palsg. ^ See the note on the word coo, above, Ang.-Sax. ceo, cornix. In the Gloss p. 84.
after

" Knobbe, or rysing

"A

PROMPTOniUM PARVLTLORUM.
(lula,

281
Gallulus
Cirrus,

CATH,

et

0.

F.

et

cetera

KoKEREL.^

{galluncuc. f. galla,

in C. (7iodula, v.)

lus, vel gallinellus, s.)

KocAY, priuj. Cloaca. KOCATRICE. BasiliscUS,

et

KoKYs
CATH.
(coca-

cooM.

in lihro equivocorum.^

cetera

in C.

supra

drillus, V.)

KooTE, garment. Tunica. KoTE, lytylle liowse (or

or
cosb,

coote,

KoK, bryd. Gallus. KoKE, mete dvtare. Coeus. KoKENEY,! Carinutus, coconellus,
vel cucunellus
;

supra.)

Tugurrium,
k.)

(casa, p.)

KuKow, bryd
KuKSTOLE
derys.)-*

(kukowbryd,

et

hec dito noet

Cuculus, cucula.
(for flyterys,

niina

sunt
;

ficta,

derisorie

dicta

delicius.

or schyTurbuscetum, cadurca.

on G. de Bibelesworth, " chotiwe'''' is rendered "a co brid." " Koo, a byrde." palsg. In the nun's lament for her bird, killed by the cat, all the fowls are enumerated who are to be bidden to the funeral
-" the churlysshe

chowgh,
:

The route, and the kowgh At this iilaccbo,

We
'

may

The countrynge

not well forgo of the coe."

Skelton, Philip Sparrow.

" Delicius, puer in deliciis matris nutritus, a cokenay. Collihista, qui recipit micnuscula pro usu7-a et servicio aliqva, et qui vendit cotlihia, et dicitur a cokenay." MED. MS. CANT. The term seems here to signify a little cook. In the vision of P. Ploughman, line 4371, it had been supposed to have this meaning but Mr. Wright, in his Glossary, suggests that it implies some kind of meagre food, as a small cock, which, by comparison with Turnam. of Tottenham, Anc. Poet. ii. 24, and Heywood's Prov. pt. i. " Coquine, a cockney, simperdecockit, nice thing." COTG. c. xi. seems highly probable. " A cockney, niais, miffuot, cailheite. A waspish cockxiey dame, (/uesjyine.^^ sherw. "A cockney, or child tenderly brought up niammothreptus, vinciolus, pedaglum, delitice pxceri,''' &c. GOULDM. Tusser uses the word in this last sense, as given in the Promptorium speaking of the nursery, and defeets of early training, he says, in his Points of
; :
:

Huswifery,
"

Some

cockneys, with cocking, are made very fools, Fit neither for 'prentice, for plough, nor for schools."

See the note on the word coknay, p. 86; and Fuller's Worthies, London. * In the Household Book of Sir John Howard, in 1466, is the item, " for yonge koke" Kockerell, cochet.^'' palsg. attributed to Joh. de Garlandia, and has been printed. MSS. of it may be found in Harl. MS. 4967, art, 18 ; Arund. MS. 52, art. 14. * See the note on cukstoke, p. 107, where the reading cukstolle, according to the other three MSS, is probably more correct. The foUowing observation oceurs amongst goging stool, a ducking stool, or cucking Bp. Kennett's Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033: stool, called in Domesday cathedra stercoris, properly a gonging stool, gong stool, or gang stool. Sax. Song stole, sella familiaris, a close stool." That sucii was sometimes its form is proved by the engraving in Boys' Hist. of Sandwich, which exhibits tlie cucking-stool and wooden mortar used there for tho piinishment of acolds; see pp. 600, 785. In a satire on the evil government of the times of Edw. II. it is said, in reference to the corrupt dealings of the assisours, (Polit. Songs, ed. Wright, 345,)
relles to
*

make

of capons, ix.(^."
is

The

treatise here cited

"A

CAMD. SOC.

2 O

282

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
sed quercnda sunt in C. literd, uhi a. 0. V. sequuntur C. immediate.

KuNY, or coiiye of mone (monv, K. keny of monj', s. kuwn, ov

koyne of monev,
isma, c. f.
et

p.)

Nnm-

cath. (Kus, snpra in kys.) Nota quod mtdta vocahida dentur hic esse ponenda
literd

Labbe, or he
visid)

K.
cnusd

in principio, vt qne
in

incijJiunt

Ka. Ko.
hrevitatis
pilory

et

Ku.
;

can kepe no can not kepyn non consel, K.y Anuhicus, anubica, CATH. fatd/S, CATH. ct UG. in fundo.
tliat

counsel

(tliat

que

ennsi

Labelle.2
for

LaheUim.
noht."

" The
It

and the cucking-stol beth i-mad

seems also to have been called thewe, as in the Plac. in Iti/i. apud Cedriam, 14 Hen. VII. cited by Blount, it is recorded that George Grey, Earl of Kent, claimed in his manors of Bushton and Ayton, to punish offenders against tlie assize of bread and 2iir ti'es rices per amerciamenta, et quarta vice pisiores per pillonara, hraciaale, tores per tnmlreUmn, et rixatnces per thewe, /loc est ^wnere eas super scabellum vocatum a eucking stool." In cases where fine was substituted for the cucking-stool, as a punishment, the lord became liable to the forfeiture of his manorial liberties, as in the case of the Dean of Lincoln, in ISSi, wlio fined transgressors of the assize of bread and ale, in certain of his manors in Derbyshire, whereas " jynHiendi sunt per jiillorium et tumlrdlum, et non per ahierciamenta ;'' for that offence, and the deficiency of pillory and tumbrel, his liberties were seized, and forfeited into the King's hands. Pat. 8 The turabrel seems to be oeeasionally mentioned as distinct from tlie stool, Rie. II. and sometimes as tlie same mode of punishment, and froni tlie exaraination of the stool and its carriage still preserved at Warwick, it is obvious that the two might be used An either singly or together, according to loeal usage, and the nature of the oiTence. extent of tlie manor of Marham, in Norfolk, taken about tlie comraencement of the XVth cent. states that W. Beleth, who lield the chief manor, claimed " hahere lihertatem in furclo , fumhrell', thewe, emendacionem fori-ifacture pisioruM, hrasiatorum, mehsur', galone, weyf, ct stray ;" and that tlie Abbess of Marham enjoyed the like In the XVIth cent. liberties. Orig. Roll, in the possession of Sir Thomas Hare, Bart. the punishment of the cucking stool was still fully in use : by the statute 3 Hen. VIII. by carders or spinners of wool, the offender c. 6, as the penalty of fraudulent pi-actices was to be " sett upon tlie pillorie or the cukkyngstole, man or woman, as the case sliall require." Stat. of Realm, iii. 28. In Mr. Beesley's Hist. of Banbury will be found several notices regarding the pillory, " kockestoll," and tumbrell, in use at that plaee as late as Harrison, wlio wrote his description of England about 1579, says the reign of Elizabeth. in the chapter of siindry kinds of punishments, '' scolds are ducked vpon cucking stooles " Cucke stole, selle a ribauldes.'''' palsg. in the water." Lable, ms. labbe, H. s. p. Compare blabbe, or labbe, wreyare of eownselle; beWRAYER of counsel, and dyscurer of cownselle. This word is used by Chaucer
^'^

'

" Quod tho this sely man, I am no labbe, Ne, though I say it, I n'am not lefe to gabbe."

MiIIer's T. 3506.

Compare the Dutch labben, Belg. lapperen, to blab, or gossip. Labb, Dialect of Exmoor. the Ortus follows It is not obvious in what sense this word is here to be taken
'^
:

the explanation given in the Catholicon, " lahellum, i. jmrviim lahrum, a lytelle lyppe." It appears from citations given by Ducange that lahellus, larnhellus, or lahlellus, denoted a pendant ornament of dress, or the heraldic label, in whicli sense it oecurs in the grant See the observations of Upton on the dilferences of of a crest, 1324, Rym. vii. 763.

PKOMPTOKIUM l'AKVULOKUM.

283
pot
spoue.

Lahowre. Lahor (vel l((bos, s.) Luhorator, lahoLakowreue.

ratrix.

Ladylle,

Concus,

Dicc. coclear, necc.

Ladyn', wythe byrdenys.

tus, oneratus.

Onus-

Laboryn'. Lahoro. Lace. Fihida, laqueiwi,

(laquear, k.)

dico.

Ladyn', or chargyu' wythe burdenys.

Onero, sarcino, ug. in

Lace

of an howserofe.i

Laque-

sarcos.

area, comm.

Lacyd. Laqueatus,fihulatus, Lacyn, or spere wytbe a

Fihulo.

p.

lace.

Ladyn', or Lay water (say water, Vatilo. s. lauyn water, p.)^ Laggyd, or bedrabelyd (or beLabefactus, laggyd, supra.) paludoSUS, CATH. Laggyn', or drablyiT.'* Palustro
{labefacio, p.)

Lacynge. Laqueacio, fibulacio. Ladde, or knave. Garcio. Ladde, thwonge (thounge, k.

Ligula. Laddyd. Ligulatus. Lady. Doviina, Hera.
s.)

thang,

Latche, or sneldce (lahche,

lach, s.)^

k.

Clitorium,

vel pes-

sula, NECC. (jpessidum,

kylw.

s.)

arms termed by him

lingidce, or lahellm; Mil. Off. iv. p. 255. the habit of the Serjeant-at-law as consisting of " roba longa, ad

Fortescue describes
iiisiar sacerdotts, cuin

capitio 'penulato circa humero.i ejus ; et clesuper collohio, ciini duohus lohellulis, quales Laud. Legum AngL V, 51. uti solent doctores lecjum in Universitatibiis quibusdam.'''' This hood with labels, as it is called by Dugdale, appears in illuminations copied from

and in Roy. MS. 19 C. IV. and Harl. MS. 4379, in Strutfs Dresses, ii. pl. 80, 112 the latter, the hood being brought up over the head, the use of the labels, wliich are There was also a furred hood with long attached together under the chin, is apparent. labels, worn by ecelesiastics, representations of which are supplied by the Missal of Philippe le Bon, Harl. MS. 2897, the figure of William de Rothwell, Archdeacon of Essex, who died 1361, given by Mcssrs. Waller, in their beautiful series of Sepulchral Brasses, and other examples. Horxnan says, in the chapter " De fortiiiid iratd,^'' of misfortunes and perils, f. 129, " I wyll recompense the with a li.bell, repoiMm '^ Ilouppe, a tuft, or appendice quddaiii;'''' and Palsgrave gives " labell. hovpipe."
;

" A labell hanging on topping; a tassell or protty lock. Lamheau, a labell." COTG. each side of a miter, infida. Labelles hanging doyvn on garlands, or crownes, lemnisci.''''
HULOET.
' In the Ortus laquear, laqueare, and laquearium are explained as signifying " Conjunctio irubium in suriimitate clomus, a seelynge of a howso." * " I laade water with a scoup, or any othcr thyng out of a dytche or pytte, le puyse

de feaue. I laJe, I take in water, as a shyp or bote that is nat staunched, le boy de In Sussex palsg. This vei-b is used by Shakespeare, Hen. VI. pt. 3, Act ii. and Hants, to lade means to take water from a vessel or pond by a scoop or pail, and in Somersetshire the utensil employed for this purpose is termed a lade-pail. Ang.-Sax. bladan, huurire. ^ Compare be-laggyd. Ang.-Sax. laju, aqua. Horman says, " there is rysen a fray amonge the water-laggers, amphorarios." In the Nortiiumberland Household Book, 1511, it appears that the " laggs" of wine, when the eask ran low, vvere to be made into vinegar. See Janiieson, v. Laggerit. * Compare clykett, cUioriuni; and snekke. " Lache, or sneckc of a (.loro, lovqud.
Veaue.''''

284

PEOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
fangyd with
lyke, P.)

Latchesse, or tarrTynge lahches,

or
teryinge,
k.

lahchesse,
tarditas.

8.

handes, or other Arreptns, c. f.

latche,

v.y

Mora,

Lachet

of a schoo.

Tenea, vo.

Latchyn', idem supra in F.^

quod

faxgyn,

V. in T.

Latchyd, or speiyd wythe a leche

{sic, lahche, k. s. sperd with a laspe or latch, h.) Pessulatus. Latchyd, or fangyd, or liynt, or cawjt (lahchid, or takyn, k.

Latchyn, or snekkyii. Pessulo. Latchynge, or sperynge wythe a

lacche.
Clitura, pessulatus.

Lay

harpe.-''

Sambuca, kylw.
])at

(cithera, symplionia, inelos, s.)

Laykyn', or thynge

chyldryn'

Latche of a dore, clicquette, locquet. Sneke latehe, locquet, clicquette, I latche a doore, shytte it by the latche, Jeferme a la clicquette.'''' palsg. ' In the Vision of P. Ploughman this word signifies negligence, Fr. lachesse.

" The

lord, of

By nom hym

hus lacchese, and hus luther sleuthe, al that he hadde."

See also line 4973. Chaucer says in the Persone^s Tale, " Then cometh lachesse, tliat is, he that whan he beglnneth any good werk, anon he \vol forlete and stint it ;" and uses the adjective " lache," sluggish or dull; Boec. B. iv. Gower observes that the first and chief point of sloth is " lachesse," which has this property, to leave all things in arrear. Conf. Am. B. IV. See Jamieson, v. Lasche. Palsgrave gives the verb " I latche, I lagge, I tary behynde my company, /e tarde, and le targe.'''' * To latch, signifying to seize or catch, is a verb the use of wliich occurs in R. Brunne, Cov. Myst. p. 29, &c. Chaucer p. 120 ; tbe Vision of P. Ploughman, 1279: Crede, 93i speaks of a " nette or latch," set by Love to snare birds. In Will. and the Werwolf it is used in the sense of embracing
;

" Certes Sire ^at

is so}',

And
See also
p. 25.

lepes

lijtli

him

to,

sede Will^m jjanne, and lacches him in armes.''

p.

163.

In Arund. MS. 42, f. 17, b, it is related how the wood of aloes is obtained, which grows on the mountain tops, near a lake beyond Babylon, and falling into the water, either from age aiid decay, or blown by the wind, the " folk l'at dwellen in J^at countre, or nere, casten nettys, or o}>er sleyjtes, and laccyn it, and so it is had." Palsgrave gives the verb " I latche, I catche a thyng that is throwen to me in my handes or it fall to the grounde, le laifpe. If I had latched the potte betyme, it had nat tallen to the grounde." Forby gives to latch as used in Norfolk in this sense ; and Brockett states that it is still retained in the Northern dialect. Ang.-Sax. laiccan, prehendere. ^ Cithara is rendered, in the MeduIIa, " a harpe," iu the Ortus " a lewte ;" and in the latter occurs " cithariso, to synge with a harpe." Lat harpe seems here to denote the instrument in its use as an accompaniment to the voice. Thus Chaucer says,

" Thise old gentil Britons in hir dayes Of diuers auentures maden layes, Rimeyed in hire firste Breton tonge

Which

layes with her instrumentys they songe."

Cant. T. 11,022.

See Tyrwhitt's observations on the derivation of the word lay. Ang.-Sax. ley, canticum. As, however, samhuca is defined by Papias, and other glossarists, to have the sense of ^^ cittMra The rnslica,^' layharpmay, possibly, imply the instrument used by the vulgar. instrument called Sj/riiphoyua, according to Uguitio, was a tamburine.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOUUM.
pley wythe.i
vel adros.
Liidibile, u(?. lu-

285
laicus,

Iltiteratus,
c. p.

agramatus,

dibvluni, adbiriciuii, UG. in adri

Lay, londe not

tinum,
8.)
c. f.

tclyd.2

Subcc-

Lak, or defawte. Defectus, defeccio. Lake, or stondynge watm-. Lacus,

C. F. et

(^suhsenmim,

kylw.
clerke.

CATH.

Lakkyn', or blamyn' (dyspresyn,

Lay,

man

or

woman, no

s.)3

Vitupero, culpo.

Laking, signifying a chilJ^s toy, is a word still used in tho North, as Brockett In the Towneley Mysteries, Mak tells the shepherds that his wife brings him every year "a lakan," and some years twins. The verb to layke, Ang.-Sax. lacan, ludere, and the substantive layke, disport, occur frequently in the old writers. See Sir P.
'

observes.

Madden's

Glossaries to William

and the Werwolf, and Gawayn

;

Seuyn Sages, 33J0;

Minot, p. 10 ; Vision of P. Ploughm. line 341 Towneley Myst. pp. 96, 102, 141. The local use of the verb is noticed in the Clieshire and Craven Glossaries, as likewise by Brockett. Skinner remarks that it is commonly heard throughout the North, a circumstance which he is disposed to attribute to the Danish occupation. Dan. leeger, hulo. Bp. Kennett gives " Leikin, a sweet-lieart, Northumb. ab Ang -Sax. lician, i^lacere.'''' Lansd. MS. 1033. * The GIoss on G. de Bibelesworth gives " terre freche, leylond ;" in tho MS. in Sir Thos. Phillipps's coUection, " leyje." " Rus, a leylonde. Ruricola, a tyleare of leylonde." MED. MS. CANT. " Selio, 0, lec lande." ortus. " iV^om^e, falowe. Seliio, Anglice leye." HARL. Ms. 1002, f. 148. leylande, selio, frisca terra. Ley, -iscaluhts, isqualidus." CATH. ANG. " Iscolidus, a felde untylde." med. " Lay lande, terre novuellement lahovrie.'''' " /EiecZetoi, lande which hath leyen leye, and is newly put in tylthe." elyot. PALSG. In the poem entitled the Hunttyng of the Hare, it is related hovv the hare escaped, " and feyr toke up a falow ley," no more to be seen by her pursuers. Ed. Webcr, 152. Layland, according to Bailey, is fallow or unploughed land, and there are many places which have thence derived the name. Ang.-Sax. ley, terra inculta, novale. ForI)y observes that in central Suffolk a coarsc old pasture is called a lay. Compare somyr laylond. Novale. ^ Compare dyspreysyn', or lackyii'. " Vituperium, blame or lacke." ORT. To lakk, depravare, <i;c. uhi to blame." cath. ang. In the Vision of P. Ploughman, Envy says that when his neighbour met with a customer, whilst he sold nothing, he was ever ready

"A

" To lye and to loure on my neghebore, And to lakke his chaffare." 2736.

Chaucer uses the word " Lenuoy " of his viith

of every reader,

precisely in the

same

sense, in

part, excuses himself as

Romance of the Rose. Fabyan, in unable to adapt his Chronicle to the liking

" And spocyally to suche as haue theyr delyghtynge Euer wyth dysclaunder moste wryters to lacke,

And
" I lacke a thynge,
I

barke whyle they maye, to sette good wryters a backe."

it,

Compare Dutch laecken, minuere, deterere. Ijvdgate I faulte. See his poem to put in remembrancc uses the substantive lack in the sense of dispraise. of virtuo and vice, of the diligent and the indolent. (Minor Poems, p. 84.)
" Of whiehe the roporte of both is ihus reserved, With lawde, or lack, liche as they haue deserved."

fynde faute at lacke a penne." palsg.

le trouue

redire.

I lacke, I

wante a thynge,

Vay

286

pnoMPTORirjr parvulorum.
or

Lam,

loom,
Cl(tu(Jus.

yonge

scheep.

Langage, or langwage.
lingua.

Idioma,
Buglossa,
to-gedyr.

Agnns. Lame.i

Langdebefe, herbe.
Acclaucath. lingua
hovis.
teyyii'

Lamy\, or make lame.

dico (^chnicUco, k.)

Langelyd,
Colligatus.

or or

Festum agnorum^ Lammesse.2 vel Festum ad vincula Sancti

Petri.

Langelyn, Languryn'
Laneet,

byynd to-geder.*
sekenesse
(lan-

Colligo {compedio, P.)

Lane.
K. s.)

Lanella, viculus (venella,

Li(juJa, ug. in ligo.

yn

geryn, K.)^

Langueo.

Lanere.3

liauke. Tardarius, kylay.

'

Lame was
it is

formerly used in a more general sense than at present.

Legend

related that a poor

man came

to St.

lame." " Lame of one hande, sHUic/tt^. Lame Ang.-Sax. lam, cluudus. mehaygneti.^' Palsg. 6n the calends, or first of August, the festival of St. Peter ad vincula, it was customary in Anglo-Saxon times to make a votive offering of the first-fruits of the harvest, and thenee the feast was termed hlaf-msesse, Lammas, from hlaf, pa/cis, and mcesse,
'^

In the Golden Loye, " that hadde his honde styffe, and of all ones lymmes, jidrt/M*. Lamenesse,

m-issa, festv.m,

In the
feest,

Sarum

" Lammas, a
quitics.

lu Suinct Pierre

Manual aux

it

is

called

liens." palsg.

Benedktio novorum fructuum. See Brand's Popular Anti-

" Ligula, a laynere, et fascia. ^ Compare thownge, or lanere. Corrigia, a thong '' " Ligidu, a leynerde." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. of lethur, or a layner." med. " Lanyer of lether, lasniere,"' lan^ere, ligulare." cath. ang. la,n^er, iigula, ligar. To " Laniere, a long and narrow band, or thong of leather." cotg. Magister PA1,^G. Joh. de Garlandia, speaking in his Dietionary of the trades of Paris in the Xlllth century, says that the JMerchants who dwelt on the great bridge sold " cajnstra, et loiii-

haria, vel loruhanaria, ligvlas et marsv.])ia de corio imrcino vel cervino ; " where the In the aeccunts of Lueas le lanieres, vel formechaz.''' is as foliows *' ligulce, Borgne, tailor of Philippe de Valois, printed by Leber, is the item, in 1338, " ij. livres de soie de plusieurs covlev.rs , ^Mur faire lanieres pour le Hoy.'''' Charles VI. in 1398, in consequence of the ehange in the fa.shion of nether garments, granted licence to the
gloss
:

of Paris to sell " chausses garnies cVaiguiletles ou lanieres.'' Leber, Invent. 'Laniers, usually called points, from the tags witli which they were tipped, were mueh used in ordinary dress, and for attaching the various portions of armour when so employed they were termed arming points. Architol. xvii. '2[)6. In Chaucer's brilliant picture of the preparations for a tournament, the following duties appear to have pertained
chav.setticrs

467.

to the esquires

" Nailing the speares, and helmes bokeling, Gigging of shields, with laniers lacing." Knight^s Tale.
In Norfolk the lash of a whip is called the lanner, or lanyer, which in Suffolk denotes tlie leather lasli. See Forby, and Moore, v. Lanna. * In the North to langel signifies to hopple, or fasten the legs with a thong. " Lanyels, side-lanyels, hopples for horses. Yorksh. Dial. p. 44." Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1(33. See Grose, Craven dialect, and Jamieson. To langle, in Norfolk, implies to saunter
only
slowly, as
* if it

were

ditiicult to

Sesekenesse, Ms.

advance one foot bcfore the other. R. Brunne says that Adelard, King of Wessex, abdicated in favour

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

287
clojjys

Lanteune.

Lantenia,

vel

lak.)i

Lappyn', or wliappyiT yn

terna, lucernci.

(happyn
gecler

to-gedyi-,

s.

Avrap to-

Lappe, skyrte (lappe, barme,

m clothes,

p.)^

Involco.

Gremhmi {birrus, c. f. s.) (Lappe of the ere, infra in typpe.

Pinnula,
c. f.)

Lappy'n', as howndys.

Lamho.
Lambitus.

Lappynge

of howndys.
in

(Lappynge, infra

wappynge.)

of Uttred his cousin, " and died in langoure." p. C. that " langureth for loue." AIerchant's Tale, 9741.

The word lap, aceording Thus G. de Bibelesworth says,

'

to

many

Chaucer speaks of Damian as ono Fr. laiKjourir, ROQUEF. aucient writers, signified the skirt of a garment.

" Car par derant avez

esJcours (lappes,)

Et

d^eti coste

soni vos yiroiuis (sidgoren.)"

It denoted likewise the hinder skirt, as in Seuyn Sages, 899, whero the herdsman is described as picking haws, and filling with them first his " barm," and afterwards " his other lappe." In Emare also, v. 652, Egarye, being cruelly exposed with her child, con-

" of her large and wide surcote. Soe moreover Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, 8461. In the Life of St. Dominie, in the Golden Legend, it is related that on a eertain occasion, when tlie friars had little bread, there came two young men, " whiehe entred into the refectorye or fraytour, and the lappes of theyr mantells y' henge on theyr necke were full of breed," which they gave to the Saint. " Lappe, or skyrt, gyron." palsg. " Oahinus, a garment with two lappes, wherof the one cast backward," &c. elyot. Ang.-Sax. \a,^-pa,, fimhria. Tlie word is also used, by analogy, to denote the lower part of the ear " A lappe of y^ ere, cartila(jia,le(jia.'''' cath. ang. Horman says that " yf the lappe of the eare wax redde, there is somewhat amysse. Labo ruhescente aliquod "peccatiim est." " Ohvolvo, to lappe * " Plico, to folde, or lappe. Volvo, to turne or lappe. '' med. about. hivolutus, i. circunidatas, lapped or wrapped. Involulio, a lappynge in. Epiphio, " To lappe, volvere, convolvere. i. equum iotaliter ornare, lappynge of a horse." ortus. To lapp in, intricare, involvere. A lappynge in," &c. cath. ang. This verb is used most commonly in the sense of wrapping, as a garment. See Cheuelere Assigne, p. 101 ; Wicl. version, Math. xxvii. 59 Gower, Conf. Am. ; Cov. Myst. p. 125. In the Wicliffite version it is written repeatedly " wlappe," as in Isaiah xxxvii. 1, " Whanne Kyng Ezechie hadde herd, he to rent hise clo}>is, and he was wlappid in a sak (jjhcolutus esi sacco," Vulg.) See also Job, iii. 5 ; Mark, xv. 46. John Paston writcs to his wife, about 1490, for a plaster of her '^fl-os uncjueiitorii.m,'''' to be applied to the knee of the Attorney-general, to whom he was under obligation and bids her write " whethyr he roust lape eny more clothys aboute the playster to kepe it warme, or nought." Paston Lmers, v. 346. To bi-lappe signifies to surround, or close in. Sir Amiloun in a dream saw his brother Amis " bilappid among his fon." Amis and Amiloun, 1014. Hampole uses the compounded word " umbilape " (Ang.-Sax. umbe, ymb, c'orcuM), as in the Prick of Conscience, where he says amongst the pains of hell, that the " vermyne salle vmbelapo J)aim all Latimer, in his Vth sermon on the Lord's Prayer, says, abowte." Harl. MS. 6923, f. 94, " Note here that our Saviour biddeth us to say, us this us lappeth in all other men with my prayer." Palsgrave gives the following phrases " Lappe this chylde well, for the weather is colde, enuelopez hien, &c. Lappe this hoode aboute your head, affuhlez vous de ce chaperon." " Plisser, to plait, fould, lap up, or one within another, wlience also to plash." cotg. To lap is still used in the sense of wrapping, in Warwiekshire. Compare wappon, or hyllyn wythe clothys Tejo ; and wappyn, or wyndyn a-bowte yn
ceals her face " with the hynther lappes

Amis and Amiloun, 988

clothys

Involvo.

288

PROMPTORIUM PARVrLORUM.
or wype, byrde (lappe-

Lapwynke,
wynge,
k.

Laschynge, or betynge.

Verher

Larde

of

lapwhyng, s.) Upix^a. flesclie. Larda, vel

{yerheracio, p.) Laste of alle. Ultimus, novissi-

lardw/i, c. f.

Laardere. Lardarinm. Laardyd. Lardaius.

Lardyn
Lardo.

flesclie,

or

othcr

lyke.

mus, jwstremus, extremus. Penultimus. one. Tarde. Late, not redyly. Late, tyme passyd. Nuper.

Laste save

Late

frute,

Sirotinus.
laton, metall, P.

Laardynge. Lardacio. Large, hey, longe, and semely.

Procerus, cath.

(Latex, or

Au-

ricalcum, electruin.) Latenere, or latennare (latonerc,

8.)

Large. Larrjus, amplus. Largyx, or make large. Amplio,

amplijico.

Lrarius, cath. auricalca-

rius.

Largely. Largiter. Largexesse. Largitas. Larke, byrde. Alauda. Ligxda Lasche, stroke.
grura, p.)

{fla-

(Lathe, supra in berne.)Lathe, for howsys (latthe, k. v. laththe for howsynge, s.) Tignus, vel tignum, comm. c. f. latha, kylw. et necc. tigillum,
c. F. et necc. Latthyn'.3 Latho, kylw. Laatyn', wenjTi', or demyn'.-'' Puto, reor, opinor (i-cputo, v.) Laatyn to ferme (or fermyn, p.) Loco, c. F.

Lasche, or to fresche, and vnVajndus, savery (laysch, n.)* cath. insipidus. Lasschyn' (h^shyn, supra in betyn, L.)

Ligulo, verhero.

' Forby Lash, or lashy, signifies in Norfolk soft and watery, as applied to fruits. lash egg is an egg without a fully-formed shell. derives the word from Fr. lache. Lasshnesse, lascliete." In the North cold Palsgrave gives only " lashe, nat fast, lache. and moist weather, when it does not actually rain, is called lasche. Brockett, Granrjia, lathe or ^_ " Horreum est locvs uhi reponitur a/ino/ia, a barne, a lathe.

grange." ortcs.

lathe, ajjolheca, lior/-eum.'"

" Orrenm, grananv./ii, lathe." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVIL cath. ang. This word is used by Chaucer, Reve's Tale, 4086.

"A

Harrison, speakinu of the partition of England into shires and lathes, says, " Some as it were roming or rouing at the name Lath, do saie that it is derived of a barn, which From whieh speech in like sort is called in Old English a lath, as they coniecture. some deriue the word Laistow, as if it should be trulie written Lathstow, a place wherein to laie vp or laie on things." Description of England, Holinshed's Chronicle, i. 153. Skinner gives Lath as most commonly used in Lincohishire, and derives it from to lade, beeause it is loaded with the fruits of the earth. Bishop Kennett notices it also as a Lincolnshire word, and gives the derivation Ang.-Sax. gela^Sian, coiujregare frvijcs. Lansd, MS. 1033. It is retained in the dialect of the North. See Hallamshire
Glossary.

This verb occurs after late blod and is not found in the other MSS. of, signifying to take account of or esteeni, is used by R. Brunne, as in the phrases, " J>er of wel he lete J>ei lete of him so lite." Langt. Chronicle, In the Vision of P. Ploughman to lete occurs repeatedly in the same sense, as in p. 45.
*

Latchyn, ms.

The verb

to

lete

PnOMPTORIUM PAUVULOnUM.
Laatyn' huly (latyn
s. p. 01"

289

lialy,

k.

h.

asemys, h.p.)* Indirjnor,

dedujnor.

Latyn', or levyu(leuyn orletyn,p.)

Dimitto, relinqiio, derelinquo.

jvat or he vsythe Laty ii' speche ( Latony ster, or he ^ j)at spekyj) Latyn, s.)^ Latinista. Laton', metal (laten or laton meug. in tall, p.)3 Auricalcum,

Latonere

(Latyk, or demyn in word, or

hex"t, s.

aer, electrum, c. f.

Arhitror, reor.)
to

Lawe,

Latyn, or sufferyn a thynge

Late

been (to be doon', s.) Pennitto. blod. Fleohotomo, UG. et

Lawe Law

Jus, lex. brekare. Leffinwipns.

of
;

Godde.

Phas, unde

KYLw. Jleghotonio, kylav.

Latyne

(spech,
p.)

s.)

Latiniim

Phas lex divina, jus est humana potestas. juriLawfulle. Legitimus,

versus
dicus, legalis.

{^Romanum,

the line " all that men saine, he lete it soth." Sse also v. 4132, 9595. &c. Jamieson, undcr the word Lat, has cited several passages where it is used by the poets of thc North. Ang.-Sax. lajtan, imlare, admiltere. Corapare the provincial use of the verb to lete, or leeten, to pretend or make a show of, given by Junius and Mr. Wilbraham as retained in Cheshire. See also Jamieson, v. Lait and Leet. Compare haly, or behatyd, Exosiis. " Huly, peevish, fretfull. When a man is not easily pleased, or seeras captious and froward, he is said to be huly, and a huly nian
'

Bp. Konnett, Lands. MS. 1033. Selden remarks that acquaintance with tlie Latin tongue was considered such an attainment that Loturista, L itinutor, or Latinariiis, hecame significant of an intei-preter in generaL Hugo Latinarius is mentioned in Domesday. Latinier, as Roquefort explains it, signified commonly an interpreter, truchement, or dragoman. He cites the Roman de Garin, where mention occurs of a Latinier, whose attainments extended to speaking " Roman, Englois, Oallois, et Breton, et Norman." Sir John Maundevile, speaking of the routes to the Holy Land, says of the one by way of Babylon, " And alle weys fynden men Latyneres to go with hem in the contrees and ferthere bejonde, in to tyme that men conne the langage."' Yoiage, p. 71. In R. Coer de Lion, 2473, 2491, K. Alis, 7089, the words latymer, latimeris, as printed by Weber, have the same sense. ' Latten, a hard mixed metal much resembling brass, was largely used in formertimes, especially in the formation of sepulchral memorials. The precise natureof its composition does not appear to have been accurately ascertained. It is repeatedly mentioned as a metal of a bright and golden colour Chaucer uses the comparison that Phcebus " hewed like latoun." Gower speaks of it as distinct from brass, as it seems properly to have been, although occasionally confounded therewith, and even with copper. " Auricalcum, i.fex " Auncalcum, Anglice goldefome ; Electrinurn, latyne." aMJ-i, iaten or coper. " ortus. Harl. MS. 1002, f. 149. "Latyn metall, Za^/i." palsg. Latten was probably obtained from Germany. In the covenants for the workmanship of the efBgy of Richard Beauchamp, 1454, by Thos. Stevyns, copper-smith of London, the nietal is described as "latten,"' or " CuUen plate," (Cologne ?) tho value of whieh was lOd. a pound. The remote derivation of the word is very obscure it was probal)ly adopted in England froni the German Letton, or French /ttiVci/;. Comparc Dutch lattoen, Isl. laatun, Ital. ottoue, Plate tin had also the appellation latten. laitone, Span. alaton, lalon. Seo Forby and Brockett, and the rcmarks of Narcs and Jamioson.
Diinelm:''
^
; :

CAMD. SOC.

2 P

290

PROMPTORIUM PARVUI.ORUM.

Lavendere, herbe. Lavendida. (Lacexder, wasshcr, p. or lawiiclere, infra.^

Lawmpe

of glas.

Ticendulura, c.f.

Lotrix.)
lawjcr.

Lawmpery. Murena, lanipreda. Lawmpep.owne (lamprun, p.)

Lawnc'egay'.2

Laavere,
jurista,

or

Legista,

legisperitus,

jurispe-

Lampredula, murenula. Lancea.

set, K.

ritus, scriba.

Lawncent,
k. laughen, r.)

Lawhyn' (lawjn,
Pddeo.

or blode yiyne (lawnlawncot, s.) Lanceola, c.f. Lawxche, o(r)slvyppe. Saltus, ug.
or sk}iipyfi oner a dyke, or o]?er thyngys lyke (ouer a dyche, p.)3 Pe}'co7ito, ^^ersalto. Lawncyn, or stynge wythe a

to skome (lawyn, k. lawghen, p.) Derideo, irridco. Lawghynge (lawhhige, k.) Risus. Lawmpe. Larnpas (lampada, p.)

Lawhyn

Lawnchyn,

' This term is used by Chaucer, Legend of Good Women, Prol. 358, and is taken from the French. " Lau(e)ndre, a wassher, kmendiere. Laundre that wassheth clothes," " Cuiididaria, lotrix paiuiorum, a wasshere, and a lavyndere.'' med. " Alid. PALSG. hairix, candidaria, bleeherre, or ,lawnderre." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1587. lawnder, Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Beatrice candidaria, lotrix.^'' cath. axg. W. Thomas, the lauendre shall come hethir after diner, so gj'ue her the lynnen clotliis.'''' in his Rules of Ital. Grammar, gives " lauandaia, a launder that wassheth cloathes." See Jamieson, v. Layndar. - The precise nature of this weapon, as likewise the etymology of its name, is still questionable ; it was probably adopted in this country from the French, but the derivatiun from the name of an Eastern or Moorish weapon, called zogaye, arzegaye., or assarjay, seems more reasonable than that which has been proposed, lance aicjue. That it was a missile weapon is apparent from Guill. de St. Andre, who wrote about the middle of theXIVth cent. and speaks of throwing '^ dardes, javelots, lances-gayes ;'''' but Guiart seems to mention the " arcli(gaie " as a thrusting weapon, rather than a missile. Carre gives a comparison of the Lance-guaye, or archegaye, of the Franks, with

"A

the Oriental zagaye, and considers them as missiies. Armes des Franqais, p. 198. From " the Rime of Sire Thopas," whicli describes him as going forth to ride with " a launcegay " in his hand and long sword at his side, it appears to have been a weapon carried for occasional defence, rather than a proper part of equipment for war or the toumament." Cant. T. 13,682. The stat. 7 Ric. III. c. 13, confirming the stat. [of Northampton, 2 Edw. III. c. 3, against riding, or appearing in public assemblies, with force and arms, ordains *' que desoremes nv.lle homme chivnche deinz el Roialme armez ne ovesfiue lancegay deinz mesme de Eoialme ; les cjrueux lancegayes soient de tout ov^lez

deinz le dit Roitdme, com.e ckose defen,due ^jar nostre seigneur le Roi, sur ^jgiVie de Compare stat. 20 forfaiiure dicelx lancegaies, armures, et auires herneys quelconqes.'''' Ric. II. c. 1 ; Stat. of Realm, ii. 35, 92. In the Rolls of Parl. V. 212, there is a petition for vengeance by the widow of a person who had been murdered in 1450 by a gang of men " arraied in fourme of werre, with jakkes, salettez, longe swerdcs, longdebeofs, boresperes, and other unmerciable forbodon wepons," one of whom " smote him with a launcegay thorough the body, a fote and more." In 1459 there were found in the Great Hall of Sir John Fastolfe, at Caistor, Norfolk, cross-bows, a boar" Launce gay, spear, a target, " xxj. speris : Item, j. launcegay." Arcliseol. xxi. 272.
laueleyne.^^ palsg.
^ Perconito, ms. perconto, lannch, to take long strides. ?.
;

a verb apnarcntly derived

from contus, a pole.

" To
FonBY.

Tliat long-legg'd fellow conies launchiiig along."

rROMPTORuni rAuvuLonuM.
spere, or blode yryne (lawncliyn,
K. s.)

291
(or lavendyre,
k.
la-

Laavndere

Lanceo.
clothe, p.)

vunder, h.)

(Launde

Lee
Saltvs, ua.

Lotor, lotrix. of threde.2 Ligatura.

(lebbard,
(k.
e.

Lawnde
iii

of a wode.i

Labbarde

r.)

salio.

Leopardus,

Lawnde kepaue. Salator, kylw. Lavowre (lawowre, k. lavre, ii.

lawere, s.)

La(u)ryol,
lawryol, s.)
'

Lavatorium. herbe (lawryal,

Latireola.

LEECE,or lees, of howndys.^ Laxa, kylw. veltrea. Leche, manu or womau.* Iledicus,
medica. Leciie, wy(r)m
of
Jjc

k.

watnr

Camden, in liis Remains, explains laund as signifving a plain among trees. Thus in aecount of tlie liunting expedition, Iponiydon, 383, tlie Queen's pavillion was pitclied at a " laund on higlit,'" whence she niight command a view of all tlie gamo of the forest. Compare Vision of P. Floughm. 5028, 10,2i8; Chaucer, Compl. of Black Knyght; Shakespeare, Hen. VI. pt. i. III. 1. In Cullum's Hawsted a rental dated 1509 maKes mention of " 9 acres irt aimpo rocato lc lawnde." " liida<jo, a parke, a huntyng place, or " Launde a playne, lauwk.''' a lawnde." ortus. "A lavvnde, saltus." cath. anh. '^ PAL.SG. Lama, a, launde or playne. Landa, id.''"' W. Thomas, Ital. Gr. "" Lande, a land or launde, a wild untilled shrulihie or bushy plaine." COTg. ^ Compare legge. Forty threads of hemp-yarn are termed in Norfolk a lea. The " lea " by which linen yarn was cstimated at Kidderminster contained 200 threads. Stat. 22 and 23 Car. II. c. 8. " Lesshe for a grehounde, lais, lesse.'''' palsg. ^ " A lese, laxa." cath. ang. In the note on the word fute, p. 183, it was suggested that the term feuterer might thence be derived; Sir F. Madden likewise, in his Glossary to Gawayn, had explained " Vewter," Gawayn and Grene Kny^t, 1146, as denoting the huntsman who tracked the deer by the fewte or odour. It seems proliable, however, that the derivation given by Hlount, Bp. Kennett, and other glossarists, is more correct. The Gaulish hounds, of which Martial and Orid speak, termed vertayi, or veltres, appear to have been greyhounds, aud hence the ap[iellations veltro, Ital. viautre, vaultre, Vr. Welter, Germ. Tlie Promptorium givea GREHOWiNDE, vcltres, p. 209; and froni the practice of leading these dogs in couples, the leash appears to have received the name veltrea, here given, a word unnoticed by Ducange. The iniiiisterium de Veltrarid '" is mentioned in Rot. Pip. 5 Steph. In the Household Constitutions of Hen. II. Liber Niger Scacc. i. 356, amongst the stipends assigned to the ditierent officers cunnected with the chace, is the statement, " Ve(trarii,Hiiusquisqne Hj.cl.
tlie
''

iii

die, et ij.d. homiiiibus suis; et

Tenure

nnicuique leporario ob. in die.'''' Blount has cited the of Setene, in Kent, by the service of providing one vdtrarius, to lead three grey-

hounds, when the King should go into Gascony, as appears by Esch. 34 P^dw. I. aud Rot. Fin. 2 Edw. II. where the word is written vautrarius. Various details regarding the duties of the " foutreres," and their fee, or share of the produce of the chace, will be fouiid in the Mayster of CTame, Vcsp. B, xii. f. 99, 104, b. Of the dogs termed veitres, ve/trahi, vertraffi, &c. see further in Ducange, v. Canis. At a later time the vaullre was a mongrel hound, used in hunting bears and boars, as Nicot observe-s, " Cesl uite espece de chien entre allant et mastin, dout on chasse aux ours et saiujliers." The feuterers appear to have been at a later period termed 'children of the le.sh :" thcy were four in number in the household of Henry VIII. 1526, as appears _by the Ordinances of Elt-

ham.
*

Compare

</icus.

fysycia.n', or leehe, p. 163. leche, ali'ptes, empiricus, niedicus, cirurleche house, laidena, quiaiiifrini ibi laniaii.tur.'" cath. ang. " Lcche, a surgion,

"A

292
(wnnne,
Idrudo.
h.)

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Sanrjidssuga,
or o])er mcte.i

Leehe

of Lesca.

flesclie,

Leedyd. Phmbatus. Leedyn' wythe leed. Plumho. Ledyn', or Avyssyn. Duco, condvco, perduco.

Leed, metalle. Plumhum. Leedare, or plummare (plumbare, s.)

Ledyn' a-wey.

Ahduco.

Ledyn

Ledare,
rector.

or

Plumharius. gyde. Ductor,

A-3EN. Reduco. Ledy'n Y'N. Induco, introduco.

di-

Ledyn owte. Educo. (Leden ouer, p. Transduco.)

servrgion. I leche, I heaie oiie of a sore wounde as a cyrurgyen dothe. le gueris." palsg. Ang.-Sax. Ia?ce, medicus. The appellation was used to denote those w-ho professed any branch of the liealing art, as well as the ladies, who frequently supplied the place of the

regular practitioners. Amongst the innumerable treatises of tlie ancient herbalists few afford a more curious insight into the practices of leeeh-craft, about the period when the Promptorium was compiled, tlian Ariind. MS. 42. The author, who had a herb-garden at Stepney, states that he " knew a lady, l^e lady Sowche, ])e beste Godys leche of Bryjthlond, in women," and reeounts her practice in preparing a nostrum, termed " nerual." The fourtli, or ring finger, was called the leecli finger, from tlie pulsation f. 22. therein found, and supposed to be in more direct communieation with the heart, as in tlie tract attributed to Joh. de Garlandia, under the title of Distigius, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 115, it is said, '^ Stat medius (medyile fyngure) medio, medicus (leche fyngure) jain, " Pollex, conrenit (accordyt) cgro.'" In another line the fingers are thus enumerated inder., wedius, medicus, auricularis.'''' cath. ang. See Brand's Popular Antiquities. The term leclie, which oceurs frequently in connection with ancient cookery, liad two distinct significations. It denoted such viands as it was usual to serve in slices, probably " Lesche, a long slice, or for the sake of convenience, before tlie general use of forks. shiveof bread, &c." cotg. The nature and variety of dishes thus to be served may be learned from Harl. MS. 279, where recipes are given for 64 difterent " Leche vyaundys;'' and where the meaning of the verb to leche is evident from such directions as the following: " Brawn in comfyte leche it fayre wyth a knyff, but not to ^inne, and J^an ^if \>on wolt }>ou my^t take J^e rybbys of )>e bore al bare, and chete hem enlongys t>orw \>a lechys, an so serue forth a leche or to in euery dysshe." f. 27, b. Compare the use of the verb to " leshe," Forme of Cury, pp. 3C, 56, 57; "yleeshed," p. 18. Conipare tlie " leyched beefe " as ordered for supper in tlie dietary of the Princess Cecill, witii tlie item " beefe sliced," in the Ordinances of Eltham, Househ. Ord. pp. *38, 181. R. Holme gives this signifieation, iii. p. 78, and anotlier sense, naniely, " a kind of jelly, made of cream, " White leach, ge/atina amigdalorum.''' baret. isinglass, sugar, and almonds." p. 83. " Leche niade of Hesshe, gelee.'' Palsg. One lechemeat appears to have formed an ordinary portion of every course,as may be gathered from the bills of fare at various great festivities, Harl. MS. 271), f. 44, and from the accounts of the installaticn feasts of Abp. Nevill, 1466, Lel. Coll. vi. 6 of Abp. Morton, 1478, ArnoId's Chron. 239; and the coronation banquet of Elizabeth, Qucen of Hen. VII. 1487, Lel. Coll. iv. 226. The various kinds of "leclie" named in these documents appear to have ranged with " suttleties,"
: '

such as " leche Lumbart gylt, partie gelly, leche porpul, damaske, reiall, ciprus, rube, Florentine," &.c. See furtlier the RoII of Cookery appended to the Household Ordinances; the Liber cure cocorum, Sloane MS. 1986; and Cott. iMS. Jul. D. vni. Skinner Interprets brawn lechyd, which is mentioned in the St. Alban's Book, as signifying " aper viedicatus, aromatis conditxis;''^ as if the term had some connection with Ang.-Sax. lajce, medicus.

PliOMPTOUIUHr PARVULORUM.

293
dere.'*

Ledyn

to.

Adduco.

(Lede wythe a carte, supra in cartto', Camco, oath.)^ Leedynge wytlie leed. Plumbacio.

Lefe, and Lefte, or

forsakyfi'.

Carus. Dimissus,
ys on the

derelictus, relictus.

Left, or thynge
lyfte syde.

))at

Sinister.

Ledynge, or wyssynge (wysynge

iu

theway,

k.

gydingo,

r.)

Da-

Left hande. Sinistra, leva. Left hande man (liandid man,

K. s.)

catus.

Afancinus, cath.
Licitus.

Lkdyr, or
p.)2

le])yr,
8.

or lejjyre,

or lethyr (leyre, leddyr, or lethyr,

Lefulle, or lawfulle. Tibia. Leg.

Corium.
ladder.
stafe.3

Leddere, or

Leddyr
lare,

Scala. Scalarium, sca-

cath. Leef of a book, or a tre, or oJ)er lyke. Foiium. Leefe of a vyne. Pampiims, ug. in pando.
'

harneys. Tihiidia. ouer twarte byndynge (ouer wart, s. ledge, p.)^ Ligatorivm. Legende (boke, s.) Legenda. Legister. Legista, jurista. Legy'6n' (or legivu', s.) Jjegio. Lechery (lehcherye, k. lechchery,

Leg

Legge,

CiVRTyn'', p. 62.

instance of this use of the verb to lead bas been already given in the note on Sir John Mauiiilevile uses it in the sense of carrying, generaliy, as in the follovving passage : " That arlve or hucche, witli the relilies, Tytus ledde with hym to Rome, whan he had scomfyted alle tlie Jewes." Voiage, p. 102. In the Liber Niger Regis Edw. IV. an ordinance is given that no seller of wheat for the use of tlie King's house " be compelled to lede or carrye his wheete, pourveyed for this household, towardes the Kinges garner,'* more than the distance of 10 niiles at his own cost. Household Ordin. p. 6S. munieipal regulation, cited in Beesley's Hist. of Banbury, p. 233, prescribed in 1564, " that no maner of person shall feche, lede, or cary any donge or mucke furthe of the towne, but betwene the fyrst day of May and the feest of Seint Michell th' Arckangell." Aniong the trades enumerated in the order of the pageants of the play of Corpus Christi at York, 1415, occur " water leders." Drake'3 " I lede a man or tliynge aboute a towne vpon a hardell, or after a horse, Hist. App.

An

le traym.^' palsg.

between the Saxon character

the author, in this and several other instances, and the equivalent expression tli, is deserving of notice. It is probable that the reading of the MS. hertys lethyu, or lctiiyr', as it has been printed, p. 238, is faulty, and the following correction may be suggestcd, lebyr, or lethyr. Ang.-Sax. lei^er, jrium. Bp. Kennett gives " leer, lcatlier, hence Bandaleers.
^

The marked

distinction

made by

J>

Leer, corJ!ti." Kilian. Lansd. MS. 1033. ^ The explanation oi smlare given in the Catholicon defines it as signifying " lignum " leddr stafte, scalare.'''' transvcrso i)i scald positum, quod ct hoc i^iterscalare dlcitur." CATH. ANG. The transverse bars are more commonly termed the routids or rungs of the " ronges " of a ladder, MiIIer's T. 3625. ladder. Chaucer speaks of the * Lefe, or lief, beloved, is a word which oecurs in most of the old writers. Chaucer and Gower use it as a substantive. Ang.-Sax. leof, dilectiis. " Lefe, lycfe, dere, cher. Lefe or yuell.'' palsg. Lefenesse, cht-rete. * In Norfolk a bar of a gate, or stilc, of a chair, table, &c. is termed a ledgc, according " Ledgo of a dorc, harre. Ledgo of a shelfe, apvy, estaye.'" palsg. to Forby.

294
s.

PROMrTORIUM PARVULORUM,
letcliery,

p.)

Luxitria^ me-

Ley

for

chia, fornicacio, Vemis.

leye,

waschynge (or lye, infra, k. lye for wesshynge of

s.)2

Lechowre

(lehchour, k.)

For-

heddys,
U(j.

Lixivium,

c. F. et

nicator, lectator, leno, fornicatrix, lectatrix, mecJia,

in luxos.

lena {le-

cator, p.)

Leyare, or werkare wythe stone and mortere.i Ceinentarius. Leyd, or put. Positus.
'

Leyynge of a thynge. Posicio. Leyn', or puttyn (to, s.) Pono, depono (^repono, s.)
Leyn' eggys, as hennys (eyryn,
K. eyre, s.)

Ovo,

c. f. j^ono.

In tlie accounts of works at the palace of Westminster and the Tower during the cent. preserved amongst the miscellaneous records of the Queen^s Remembraneer, mention is made continually of '' cxihatons,''' or stone layers. See also the abstracts of accounts relating to the erection of St. Stephen "s Chapel, in the reign of Edw. III. printed in Sniith's Antiqu. of Westm. In the contract for building Fotheringhay Church, 1425, the chief niason undertakes neitber to " set mo nor fewer freemasons, rogh setters ne leye^r^s," upon the work, but as the appointed overseer shall ordain. Dugdale, Mon. iii. 164, Collegiate Churches. ^ Liximtm, ms. and s. Uguitio gives lixe/i, oqzta, whence " lixinuin, qv.ia sit ex aqua Arund MS. 508. The early romances and Chaucer^s poems afford evidenee et cinere.'''' that yellow or liglit-coloured hair was in especial esteem. The fashion prevailed at a very early period, as appears from the writings of TertulHan, who reproaehes Cliristian women with an affeetation of seeking to resemble in this respect those of CTermany and Gaul. The art of producing this colour artificially was termed crocuphantea, and is condemned by St. Cyprian and St. Jerome as a sinful vanity, and by Galen as prejudicial to liealth. At the time wlien the Promptorium was compiled this fashion continued in fuU force, and numerous artificial expedients had been devised for supplying the defect of nature, by means of some vegetable decoction or lie, whereby, with subsequent exposure to the sun, tlie hair might be made to assume the desired colour. Tlie herbals and medicinal treatises of the XVth cent. indicate a great variety of processes which were adopted for colouring or preserving tlie hair. In Arundel MS. 42, f. 82, the decoction of madder is recommended to make it red, and the juice of sage aj^plied in the hot sun to make it black f. 77, b. The virtues of the lily are commended for making hair to grow again, and the oil of hazel nuts as infallible against " mowtynge of here," f. 59 and an eftectual depilatory " for-doyng here " is given at f. 35. The strangest substances were in request for such purposes thus in Jul. D. viii. f. 79, b. " lixivium de cinere finii culunihi'''' is recommended as an approved remedy against the falling of hair. The extent to which such artificial aids were made available at a later period appears froni the numberless prescriptions given by Gerarde, Parkinson, Langham, in his Garden of Health, 1579, and similar writers. See the satirical observations of Bulvver on this subject, in the Artificial Changling, ]653. Horman, who wrote at the commencement of the reign of Hen. VIII. says that " maydens were sylken callis, with the whiche they keepe in ordre theyr heare made yelowe with lye comas lixivio rtiffatas sive riitula-fas. Women cliaunge the naturall colour of theyr heare with crafty colour and sonnyng. Some cherissho theyr busshis of heare with moche kyml)eynge and wesshynge in lye. He maketh his heare yelowe bycause he wolde senie lustye ; ruiilat capillos ut vegetus appareat. Ilis heai-e was lyght ambre." Vulgaria, 1519. To such practices allusion is perhaps made in the Promptorium by the word heed WASCHTNGE, which will be fouud above, p. 232. " Lee, lixivium, locitim.'' CATH. ang. Palsgrave gives only " lyo to wasshe with, /tM^tt." Ang.-Sax. leah, lixiviiim.

XlVth

rnoMPToniuM rARvuLOuuM.

295
stafFe.2

Leyn

to, or put

to

(leyn to,

or

Le(y)nynge
j)odium,

Calopodium^

ley to, s.)

Appono.
Vadio,

c. F. cATii.

Leyn, or leye waiowre.

CATH.

Leyn

to

wedde.

Fignoro,
restyn,

imk.)

Leysere. Oportunitas. Leek, or garleke. Alleum. Leek, or porret. Porrum, cath.

c. F.

jyignoi'0.

Leynyn' (lenyn, or

Leek

pottage.

Porrata, cath.

Podio, appodio. Le(y)nynge.i Appodiacio.

'

Leem, or lowe (lawe, h.)^ Flamma. Lemman.4 Concubina, amasia.

Levynge, ms. lenynge, K. s. p. Podiuni is explained in the Catholicon and Ortus to be " handus supcr quem innitimur, cum quo sejK terram ferimus, a lene." Dueange cites the Usus Ord. Cisterc. c. 68, where by this terni is iniplied " jm^^s forma monachica; cui monachi, cuni procumlunt, inv.ituntur ;" and it seems possible that allusion is here made by Priar Geoffrey to the staff which, according to the usage in some establisliments, served to give an occasional support during the long services of the clioir, an object which was more usually attained by means of tlie misericonle, orforme/la. In some of the German churches the use of the leaning staff is still retained, and a remarkable specimen, apparently of German workmanship, now preserved in the De Bruges collection at Paris, was intended, as Lenoir supposed, to answer this purpose. The curious character of its ornaments indicates its having been fashioned for some sacred use, and the lion statant, by which it is surmounted, gives it, in some measure, the form of the Tau staff, as it has been termed. " Leanyng stocke, a^^^puial." palsg. Hist. des Arts en France, pl. xxxvii. * Lenie, a shining light, Ang.-Sax. leonia, juhar, is a word not uncommonly used by the old writers; see R. GIouc. p. 186 Vision of Piers P. 12,324; Cant. Tales, 14,836. " FhIijus, lemynge hat touchethe. Fulgar, lemynge J^at brennethe. Casma, brennynge of the leeme of the fyre." med. ms. cant. In the Ahhrcviata Chronica printed by the Camb. Antiqu. Soc. from the MS. at Caius Coll. it is recorded, A.D. 1402, " hoc anno appandt stella comata, Anijlice vocata lemyng sterr, jyrognosticans hel/um futiirmn, vid. hellurii Salopie.'^ Fabyan relates that in 7 Will. Rufus " grysly and vncouth syghtes were sene, as hostes of men fightyn in y* skye, and fyre lemys and other." Compare GLEMYNGE, or lemynge of lyghte, p. 198. See also hereafter steem, or lowe of fyre, and STEMYNGE, or lemynge of fyyr. Bp. Kennett notices leam as signifying a flash or blaze of fire, in Durham ; Lansd. MS. 1033; and Brockett gives leam, as retained in the Northern
*
;

Dialect.

Junius derives

this

term from Ang.-Sax.

leof,

dilectus,

and man, denoting the

species generally, without distinction of sex. Hickes in his A.-S. grammar gives leue-nion, amasius, Norm.-Sax. ; by R. Glouc. the word is written lefmon, p. 344 ; and in the Winchester MS. of the Promptorium leefman' is given as synonymous with SPECYAL, concubyne, the man. The editor of the Towneley Mysteries would deduce an
for the antiquity of that work from the fact tliat lemman occurs thcrein solely primary and simple sense of a pcrson beloved. It is thus used also by R. Brunne, but it more commonly denotes one loved illicitly, or with mere gallantry, as p. 236 " Bassaris, a mylche the word is used by Chaucer and Gower, and applied to either sex. " A leman, amasius, amasia, cowe, or a prestys lemmande." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. concuhina, focaria, pelex ; peliynus, p>eligna, filius vel filia ejus multicuha, multigamus, polidamas. A lemanry, concuhitiis, concuhinatiis.'''' cath. ang. " Aniasius, qui intemAmasia, i. mulier qui amat sine lege, a lemman. perate amat, a lemman, or a louer. Ancuha, i. concuhina, vel succicha, a lemman. Concubina est que ad usum Veneris non

human

argument
in the
;

200

rnOMPTORIUJI rARVULORlTM.

Lemyn', or lowyii' as fvyi' (as lowe of fjre, k. h. v.y Flamrao. LEMyxGE, or lowynge of fjyre, Flammacio. Lendare, or he ])at (lendytlie,
H.
s )

Leke, not
tus.

fet.

Macer, macilcn-

Lenesse,
lene

lennesse {sic, s. k.) Macies, macredo, jnacritudo, cath.

or
fleshe,

thynge.

Fene?xitOT\

creditor.

Lexyn, or make lene. Macero. Leenge, fysche.3 Lucius marinus {longenus, p.)

Leexd, lym of a beeste

ok,2 nfraj lende, k. r.)^

(or Imul-

Lwnbus.

Leexdyn.

Presto, fenero, cath. feneror, cath. mutuo (concedo, H. credo, p.)

Lexgthe. Longitudo. Lente, holy tyme. Qiiadrageshna. Leep, or baskett (lepp. k.)*
et c. F.

Lendy'nge.

Mutiv^ario.

Sporta, calathus, corbis, cath. canistnnn.

" Lemman, concubine, amovrevse.'''' palsg. Horman legilime tenefur, a lemman." ORTUS. remarksthat "some loue tbejr lemmans Qjallacas) better than theyrtrue wyfe." Compare SPECTAL, hereafter. Compare glemyn, or lemyn, p. 198. See Gavvayn and the Grene Kny^t, 591, 1137, &c.; Vision of P. P. Townel. Myst. p. 92. Ang.-Sax. leoman, Ivcere. ^ In the later Wicliffite version Job xl. 21 is thus rendered " His (i. Behemot) strengj^e is in his lendis, {lumhis, Vulg.) and his vertu in the naule of his wombe.'' See also Judith viii. 6; Luke xii. 35. Chaucer describes the milk-white and well plaited " l)arm-cloth " or apron, wom by the carpenter's wife " upon hire lendes." Miller's Tale, 3238. "Alende, lumhis." cath. ang. " Lumbv.s, h leynde, vel vlem quoil ren, a nayre. LumLifradus, broken lended." ORTUS. Ang.-Sas. lendenu, lumhi. ^ Caxton, in the Boke of the fayt of armes, ii. c. 16, speaking of things with which a garrison ought to be well supplied, mentions " grete foyson of ling fysshe, and haburden." In Sir John Howard's Household Book the following item is entered by his steward, A.D. 11^)5: " My mester payde at Yipswyche viij>. ivd. for sxxij. leenges;''' and in the provision for Hengrave in 1607 the item occurs, " bought at Sturbige fayre " Lynge, fysshe, co//?!." palsg. of great organ lynge, xxj." Rokewode's Hengrave, 210. The ling, Asellus Ion(ius, received its name from the length of the fish, as Skinner and Willughby suppose; it was supplied from the Northern seas, and probably retained the name by which it was known to the fishermen in those regions. Teut. linghe, Dutch, leng. piscis ez asellorum genere. Keeling is doubtless of cognate derivation; compare also GRE.NE lyxge, above, p. 210. * In the later WiclifEte version the following passage occurs " Whanne sche myjte not
'

) and bawmede k with tar and pieche, and puttide the yong child wij?inne." Exod. ii. 3. Compare Dedis ix. 25; ii. Cor. xi. 33. See also Towneley Myst. p. 329. "A lepe, canistrum, co^^hinus, corhis, ttr. uhi a baskyt. A lepe maker, cophinarius, corhio.^'' cath. akg. " Cartalium, a basket or a lepe. Cojlnus, vas Timinetim acl oj>us seifile deputatum, a bande basket. Cofmulus, a lytyll lepe. Corhulus, a lytell lepe or basket." ORTUS. " Lepe, or a basket, corheille.'''' palsg. See Jamieson, v. Lippie. Bp. Kennett, in his Glossarial CoUections, Lansd. MS. 1033, has the following observations on this word " Leap, in Yorkshii-e, a large osier basket bore between two men, for the uso of carrying corn to be winnowed, &c. called commonly a wheat-Ieap. Sax. leap, calalhus,

hele, t)anne sche took a leep of segg, {jiscellam scirpeam,

Yulg

speciatim

seminaloi-is

corhis,

seed

leap,

or

seed

lip; Wilts.

leap,

wetl to

rnOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Leep,
in no.

297

for

fysshe

takynge.'

kepynge, or Nassa, cath. et ug.

(lcpp, or skypp,
ic.

Leep, or styrt
sterte, s.)

Lepyr, or lepre (scke, k. p.) man, or woman, or bceste. Leprosus. Lepyr, or lepre, sekenesse.2Ze;5?'a. Lerare, lernare, or techarc. Doctor, instnictor,

Saltus.

Lepare, or rennare. Cursor. Lepare, or renuar a-wey. Fugax,

fiujitivus.

Lerare,

informator. or lernarc, or he J)at rek.

Lepynge a-wey.

Lepynge, or rennynge. Cursus. Fuga.

(|)at takyt infortakethe lernynge, Discipulus. p.) LERYN,or receyue loreof a-uothere

ceyvythe lore

macyon,

catch fish Lancashire. An ozier basket borne between two men for the use of carrying chaff out of a barn is called in Northamptonshire and Bucks a bear-leap. Isl. laupur, scrinium guo lanifices limim servanl. leap or lib, half a bushel Sussex. seed leap, or lib, a basket to carry corn on the arm to sow Essex. Lepa, 31 Edw. I. cst tertia 2Mrs duorum bussellorum. Ext. Man. de Terriny, com. Sussex." Forby gives lep, or lepe, a large deep basket, and seed lep, a basket for the use of the sower, or carrying chaff to feed horses. Moore mentions lib, doubting whetlier the word is still in use in Suffolk. Grose gives leap as a North-country word. Plot speaks of the " cubb or beer-lip " used to make a cavity in a rick, to prevent heating. Hist, Oxf. p. 256. Compare crelle, baskett, or lepe, above, p. 101, and barlylepe, p. 25. This term occurs in the later Wieliffite 'version, in the description of Behemoth " Shul marchaundis departe him ? wher {'ou shalt fille nettis wi}> his skin, and a leep " of fishis {gurgmtiurn piscium, Vulg.) \\\\> his heed ? " Job xi. 26. lepe for fysche, fiscMa, ffurgustium." Cath. ang. " ^assa, qtioddam instrumentum ex mminibus tartiqwim rhete contextum, ad capiendos pisces, a pj'che, or a fyshe lepe. Fiscina, a chesefat, " Lepe to take fysshe, nasse a prendre poyson, Thou cannest or a fysshe lepe.'' ortus. nat bringe this leepe (nasse) downe to the botome, except thou tye a stone to it." palsg. " jVasse,a, wicker leap, or weel for fish." cotg. " Leaps to take eeles, caudecce.'" gouldm. The statute 4 William and Mary, c. 2-3, forbids all persons, not owners of fisheries, to keep " any net, angle, leap, piche, or other engine for the takeing of fish." Statutes Bishop Kennett observes that the term is in use in Laneashire and of the Realm, vi. 415. Ang.-Sax. leap, nassa. Compare fysch leep, above, p. 163. in Leicestershire. * It has been affirmed that leprosy was brought into Europe by the crusaders in the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary, however, which has been attributed to jElfric, oceurs the word " leprosus, hreoflig, o"55e licSrowera." Jul. A. ii. f. 123. In the Assisa de Foresta, which is of uncertain dats, but is assigned by Manwood to 6 Edward I. it is enacted that if any beast of chase be found wounded or dead, " caro miitotur ad domum leprosi, si qua prope fuerit,''^ or othervvise given to the infirm and poor. Statutes of Realm, i. 244. In Lynn, where the Promptoriiim was compiled, there were sevcral spital houses, The most ancient, the hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, was founded or hospitals of lepers. in the reign of Stephen by Petrus Capellanus for a prior and twelve brethren, of whom were to be lepers. See Parkins' account of Lynn, Blomf. Norf. iv, 608. Macthree karell, in his History of that town, p. 2,55, mentions a bequest to the leprous men and women in 1408 and Parkins records the devise of Stephen Guybon to every house of lepers about Lynn, in 1432, namely at West Lynn, Cowgate, Herdwyk, Setchuhithe, Mawdelyn, and Geywode. The number of these charitable institutions in England was considerable ; permission had been granted by Pope Ale.xander III. in 1179, that leprous persons, being e.^cluded from all commuuion with their fellow-mGn, luight, wherever
;

'

CAMD. SOC.

2 Q

298

PROIIPTOEIUM PAUVULORUir.
Lesyn', or lese. Perdo. Minuo, Lessyn', or make lesse. diminuo, minoro. Leesyxge, or lyynge (or gabbynge, supra; le^ynge, s. liynge, p.)^

(betawt of another, k. lerne or be taught, p.)' Disco, cath.

addisco.

Leryn', or techyii' a-nother.

ceo, instruo, inforrno.

Do-

Lerynge, or
(teching,
st7~uctio,

k.)

lernynge, or lore Doctrina, in-

Mendacium.

Lesyxge

berare.

Mendifer.

informacio.

Lees, or false.2 Falsus. Lees, for howndys, idem qiiod (Laxa, letra, le(e)ce, supra. p. sic, pro veltrea ?) Lesarde wy(r)m (worme, 6.) Lacertus, c. f.

Lesynge, or thyngys loste (of thynge loste, s.) Perdicio. Lesynge, or losynge of a thynge
bowndyfi' (boounde,
s.) Solucio.

Leske
guen,

(or flanke,
c. f.

supra.Y

In-

Lesse.

'Minus, adv.

Lessoke. Leccio. Leste, sowtarys forme. Formula,

These hospitals were they should form a congregatioD have a church for themselves. of the Augustine order, and ineluded araongst the religious houses whieh were surrendered 26 Henry VIII. The formalities with whicli the seclusion of lepers was effected, and the restrictions imposed upon them, may be learned from the Manuale ad usum
,

Sarum.

Hentzner,

who

visited

England during the reign of Elizabeth, speaks

of the

" Eiiglish as very subject to the disease of leprosy. Horman leprus man, leprosus, misellus." cath. ang.
;

lepyr, lepra, tlefaitcia, missella.

saj's, " He hath made a leper, A " Lepar, a sicke man, lasdre. Lasar, id. Merocoraion condidit." or a lasar house Lypre, the sickenesse, lasderie." palsg. The term mesel is very commonly used to designate a leprous person, and appears to be directly taken from the French mesel ; some writers have, however, supposed a distinction to have existed between mesellerie and

ladrerie.
'

See masyl, hereafter.

of the old writers
it
;

The double signification of the verb to lere occurs in most Glouc, R. Brunne, and Minot use it in both senses Cliaucer uses
;

R.

in that of learning,
;

Frankel. T. llOO Myst. p. 3S, &.C.

and it signifies teaching, Vis. of Piers Ploughm. 4742, 9551 Ang.-Sax. Ia;ran, docere. A rliyming epitaph, inscribed on found at Grundisburgh, Suffolk, dated 1501, to the memory of a person,
;

Townel.
brass,
is

" Which decessyd, as yee shall The vj. day off September.''
^

lere,

Les

is

used by R. Glouc. as an adjective; as a substantive,

;

lees,

a falsehood, occurs

more frequently. Lese, Gawene and the Carle, 7,265; "AVithouten lees," Chaucer, Rom. of Rose, 3904 les, leasse, Townel. Myst. Cov. Myst. Ang.-Sax. \bas, falsv.s. ^ " Nvf/a, a scorne, a lesynge, a bourde, a trifulle. Nrigicanus, a singer of lesinges. i^)'ia, lesing, or chirche-werk." med. "A lesynge, mendaxmm, d:c. uhi a lee." cath.
ANG.
*

Ang.-Sax. leasung, mendaciura. (' Ipocundie, i. coste molles." med.) " Nomina leske, ipocundeia." cath. ang. memhrorum, mesflanks, my laskes." Harl. MS. 219, f. 150. " Leske by the belly, ayne.'''' " Lisk, that part of the side which is between the hips and palsg. Bp. Kennett gives the short ribs. Yorkshire." Lansd. MS. 1033. Skinner gives lesk as most commonly used in tliis senso in Lincolnshire see also Brockett aud Jamieson, v. Lisk. Compare Dan. and Swed. liuske, Belg. liesch, inyuen.
"

PROMPTOniCM PARVULORUM.
CATH. formipedia,
podia,
c. F.

299
lettare

dicc.

cato-

Lette game, ov
Frepiludivs,

of pley.

c. v. in prejyedio.

Leste, nowmbyr, as heryngys, and other lyke.' Lcgio. Leest of alle. Minimus.

Lettyn'.

Lnpedio, prepedio.

Lestage of a shyppe.2
CATH.
duro. or rynge, k. p.) Leest wurthy.
exilimus, s.)
et

SahmHi,
Duro, per(dur.

COMM.
indui-yii'.

Lestyn, or

Lettynge, Impedimentum. Lettynge, or longe taryynge, and a-bydynge. Mora. Lettyk. Littera, grama. Letteryd. Litteratus. Letekone, or lectome, deske
(lectroue, k. letrone, or lectrun,

Lestynge,

yndurynge
Perduracio.

H. p.

leteron,

or letervn,

s.)^

Eximius

{sic,

Lectrinum,
discus,

lectorium, pluteum,

c. F. lectrum, c.F.

{pulpitum, c.f.
li.

Letanye.

Letania

secundum

equi, p.)

de mensm-is, and the statute 31 Edw. III. de allece vendeiido, herrings should be accounted by ten thousand, and the hundred by six score, the highest price being fixed at 40s. the last. Stat. of Realra, i. 354. In " the Costis for to malie hering at the Coeste," printed with Arnold's Chron. p. 263, it is stated that to make a last " yo shal bye fresh hering out of the ship, x. m.; vj. score, and iiij. heringis for the c. xij. barellis ful packed is a last of white hering, and xx. cadis rede hering is a last, v. c. in a cade, vj. score iiij. heringis for the c." Of " Rede sprottis x. cades maketh a last, xij. c. in euery cade." In the summary of the office of the Celleresse of Barking is the " Memorandum, that a barrell of herring shuld contene a thousand herrings, and a cade ofif herryng six hundreth, six score to the hundreth." Mon. Angl. i. " Last of fysshe, xij. barelles, lay.'''' palsg. 83. last of unpacked herrings, according to Coles, is 18 barrels. See Ducange, v, Lasla. 2 " lastage, or fraghte of a schippe, sal/nrra.^' cath. ang. Safmrra signifies the ballast of a ship, " multitudo lapidura, vel inulilis sarcina navis, qve solet esse de la^yidibus " Lesfur/e, the balast of a ship." cotg. " A last or lastage, onns, et arend.'''' cath. ang. To lastage, vide balast." gouldm. The statute 21 Ric. II. c. 18, reciting that saburra. the beacons and outworks of the town of Calais were decayed, in consequence of the rages of the sea, ordains that ships coniing thither from England "^wrtoti ovesque eux tovt lour lastage des bones piers convenables piur Vestnffure de les Beeknes," &c. Stat. of Realm, ii. 108. See Ducange, v. Lasiaffium. Of the custom exacted for freightage, termed lestaAng.-Sax. hlaest, omcs navis, behtestan, onerare. Belg. ffium, see Spelman's Glossary.
'

The

statute

Hen.

III.

ordained that a

last of

lastagie, ballast.
^ The lectern is not named amongst the appliances of sacred use enumerated by JEMnc, Cottonian MS, Julius, A. ii, f. 12(3, b. in the Regula Bened. mention, however, occurs The various uses of the lectern in cathedral or collegiate estabof the rseding-scamol. lishments may be gathered from the ancient rites of Durham, in which it appears that there was a pelican " lettern " of brass at the north side of the high aitar, where the
;

Epistle and Gospel were sung ; a second lower down in the choir, in the form of an eagle of brass, uscd at mattins, or other times when the legends wcrc read and there was also a " letterne " of wood, like a pulpit, standing and adjoining to ihe organ over seenis highly probable, as Mr. RuJge supposes, that the white the door of the choir. It
;

marble desk discovered in 1813 near the sitc of the abbey church of Evesham, formed part of the lectern that was erected about 1218 by Thomas de MarL berg, at that time " Fecit leclricium sacrist, and subsequently Abbot, according to the following record
:

300
Lecttjre
H. p.)
(letture,

PKOMPTORITJM PARVTJLORUM,
k.
lettnire,

Levecel

Lectura (litteratnra, p.) Letuarye. Electuarium, cath. Letuce, herbe. Lactuca. Leve. Licencia.
retro chorum,

be-forne a wyndowe, or other place.i Umhraculum, c. f. LEVE(y)NE of dowe (leveyn, or dowe, s. p.) Fmmentum, zima, c. F. (^fermentum, h. s. p.)
Eveshamensi,
et

quod

jynxis

non

erat

factum in

ecclesid

legebantuT lediones

Jv.xta tii.mham S. Wilsini." Cottonian MS. Tesp. B. xxiv. This lectern is represented in tbe Arehseologia, xvii. pl. 23. lectern of marble, resembling sucli as is quarried in Derbyshire, esists at Crowle in Worcestershire ; it appears to be a work of the Xllth

century. Another beautifully-sculptured specimen is presers-ed in the ancient abbatial house at Wenlock, Salop. In the former instance alone, the arrangement whereby the desk was supported on small columns may be ascertaincd. Of the moveable lecterns of a later period, numerous specimens have escaped the ravages of the XVIth and XVIIth centuries. Carved lecterns of wood exist at Bury, Huntiiigdonshire, date about 1300 ;

Ramsey ; Swanscombe and Lenham in Kent Hawsted in Suffolk and in many other churches. Those of brass are mostly of the XVth century, or later date. At Rouen Cathedral an ancient lectern of iron may be seen, whieh, being hinged together like a faldlstorium, and furnished with a soeket for a candle on one side, might be folded up wlien not in usc, and laid aside, so as not to encumber the area of the choir. The lectern was adorned with a covering, frequently termed the " des-cloth," of rich material conformable to the suit, or complete vestment, of which it formed a part. In the Inventory of the Church of St. Faith, in the crypt at St. Paurs, 1298, is mentioned " 'pannus de j^al ad lectrinium.'''' In the Wardrobe Book, 27 Edw I. amongst the furniture and ornaments of the royal ehapel, occurs " unum nianutergaim curtum. sutum de auro et serico, 2:)ro lectrone-'''' p. 352. John of Gaunt bequeathed, 1399, a richly-embroidered vestment of white satin to the high altar at St. Paurs, the ' couverture pour la letteron " forming an item iu the description, as likewise in that of a vestment of red clcth of gold, wrought with gold falcons, devised by him to the " Moustier de -tV. Dame de Nicole.'" Testamenta Eboraeensia, i. 227, 228. " Lecirinum, lectrum, et legium pro eodem, scilicet fro '[julpito ; et dicuntur a lego, a pulpyt, or a lectrone." ortus. lettrone, ambo, descus, " Lecteme to syng at, levtrayn.'''' palsg. See further lectrimtm, orcista." cath. ang.
at
; ;

"A

in

Ducange.
' ;

The etymology and precise meaning of this word are exceedingly obscure it is used by Chaucer in the tale of the Cambridge scholars who came to the ililler of Trumpington have their grain ground, and left their horse under a pent-house or outbuilding, instead to of putting him into the " lathe " the miller, to play them a shrewd trick, slipped off the bridle, and let the horse run.
;

"

He

looked up and doune, till he had yfound The clerkes horse, tliere as he stood ybound, Behind the mill, under a lessel." Reve's

Tale, 4059.

Tyrwhitt prints the word " levesell," and its meaning here is less obscure than in a passage in the Persone's Tale, where it again oecurs. Chaueer defines the diflerencc

between pride
*'

in the heart of man, and pride shown in external show and costly array : nathelesse, that one of these spices of pride is signe of that other, right as the gaye leuesell at the taverne is signe of the wine that is in the seller." Speght, who had

But

here consulted the Promptoriuui, explains the word as signifying a bush, or a hovel, which is repeated by Skinner, with the suggestion that it may be derived from the French " lais, vejJres, virgvUa, addita term. dim. ell." This derivation seems little
to the purpose.

a copse wood.

According to Cotgrave lais, or layes, are trees left as marks in cutting Tyrwhitt in his notes says coufidently that the word is derived from

PROMrTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Level, rewle.
regula, v.)

301
k.

Eqidchmi,

(c.

f.

blevyn,

h.)

Itelinquo,

de-

relinquo, dimitto, desero.

Level, rewle.^ Perpendlculum. Levene, or lyghtenynge (levyn,

H.
s.)2

Leevyn',

sesyii',

or

be

styllc.

Dimitto, desisto.

FulQur,

coruscacio,

Lewde, not

letteryd.

Illitteratus,

fulmen.

agramatus,

c. f. (incipiens,

p.)

Levenesse, or belevcnesse. Fides. Levenesse, or grete troste (leveneste, or grette tryst,

s.

Lewde, vnkunnynge,

or

vnknowbe.

yngc yn wbat so hyt

In-

leue-

scius, itjnarus (laiciis, k. ^.)

nesse or trust, p.)

Confidencia.

Lewdenesse
ratura.

of clergy.4 of

Illitte-

Levyn', or belevyn'.^ Credo, cath. Leeyyn', or forsakyn' (levyn, or

Lewdenesse

on-conynge

setl, sedes, but afterwards confesses himself dissatisfied with holds to the notion that in the second passage allusion is made to tlie bush, the aneient sign of a wine-shop, and cites Chattertoirs EHnour and Juga, attributed to Rowloy, where the hunter is said to rouse the fox from " the lcssel." In the Editor's MS. of tlie MeJulIa, v.njjracuhtrii is rendered " an oumhrelle :" in the Canter" an amerelle;" in Harl. MS. 2270, "an vmbrelle.'" bury MS. ' Lever, ms. and s. " Leuell, a ruler, jweav." palsg. Ang.-Sax. Itefel, lihella. The lightning, or any sudden gleam of light, is frequently termed by the old writers levene, a word which has been derived from Ang.-Sax. hlifian, ruiilare. See Lye, and Jamieson, v. Levin. R. Brunne, describing the engines devised by Richard Coeur de Lion, to throw wild fire and stones, at the seige of Acre, says that " as leuen Langt. Chron. p. 174. Compare Havelok, 2690 Ywaine and \>& fire out schete.'" Cant. Tales, 5S58 Gower, Conf. Am. Gawain, Ritson, Metr. R. i. p. 17 Townel. Myst. pp. 39, 116; Cov. Myst. 15G. Fabyan relates that in 7 Hen. 1, " was sene an vncouth starre, whyche nyghtely appered at one howre, and continued so by the space of XXV. days; and fore agaynst that, oute of the Eest parte, appered a great leuyn or heme of Spenser uses the word bryghtnes, whyche stretched towarde the sayde starre." " levin '' repeatedly. '^ Fidgur, leuenynge that brenneth. Fulyetrum, a, shyn^ngQ of leuenynge that brenneth. Fidmen, leuenynge, or lyghtnynge." ORTUS. " To levyne, levenynge, casma, or to smyte wyth lewenynge, casmatlsere, fulyore fulminare. levenynge smyttynge, fulgoratus.'''' cath. ang. ful</Kr, fulmen, fulgetrum, igids. In the Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVIL are given '^ Fulgor, fuliuen, lewenynges. Palsgrave gives the verb " it leueneth as the lyghtenyng dothe, Fulgurat, (it) lewnes." il esclere. Dyd you nat se it leuen right nowe ?'' " Leving, vide lightning.'" gouldm. ^ The verb to leve is used in this sense by R. Glouc. p. 30 ; it occurs repeatedly in the Vision of P. Ploughman. See also Chaucer, Tale of Melib.; Gower, Conf. Am. iii.

Ang.-Sax.

\eie,

foUum, and
;

that explanation

yet

still

'^

Ang.-Sax.
^*

lyfan, coacedere, leafnes, venia.

Clergy, as it has been remarked in the note, p. 81, signifies erudition, precisely according to the sense of the French clergie ; and the word is thus to be understood in See Barrington's observations on statute 4 Hen. VII. the term " benefit of clergy." The use of the word in this acceptation is, however, a striking evidence of the general ignorance that prevailed amongst all classes, churchmen alone excepted, so that tho community might be classed under two great divisions, clerks and " lewede," R. GIouc. It is needless to cite instances of or " lered and levved," R. Brunne, p. 8. p. 471 the frequent use of the word lewd in its primitive signitication by the old writers. Ang.-Sax. Isewd, lewed, laicus. " Lewde, agraniatus, illiteratus, laicus, mecardcus.
;

302
(vnknowynge,
ignorancia.
p.)

PRO5IPT0RIUM PARVUL0RE3I.
Insciencia,
Tepichis.

Lyare,

or

gabbare.
fre

Mendax,
in

mendosus.

Lewke, not

fully hote.i

Lyberalle, or
(gyuynge, p.)
nificus.

yevynge

Lewkekesse. Tepor. Culusus, comm. Lewte, cnppe.2 Lewte, pot or vessel of mesure.
Fidelia, cath.

Liheralis,

mu-

Lyberalyte, or
Liheralitas.

frenes of herte.

Lewte,
Lethy,
infra

or lytylle feythe. or
;

Fidescrete,

Lyche, dede
bares,
c. F.

body.-*
et

Fumts, ga-

Cula, CATH.

weyke
s

(or

leyth,

Flexihilis.

Gahriel ug. dicit gaharen, vel gahbaren. Lyche, lady or lorde (lysch to

graneux.

" Leude of condycions, maluays, villayn, maulentresayn. Leude frere, lourdicoM." palsg. Horman says, " I am not so leude (adeo suni iaers) but I knowe or spye what thou goest about. This matter is utterly marred by thy leudnes {ignavid.) I make as though I sawe nat thy leude paiantis (cotiniveo tuis itieptiis), Here is leude or naughty wyne (illaudatum
Vnlettyrde,

vM

lewde." cath. ang.

Leude worde,

vel s^ni.rcum.)
'

ANG.
^

" Lewke, tepidus. To make lewke, tepifacere. " Leuke warme, or blodde warmo, tiede." palsg.
Culusus
is
is

te^oere." cath. Ang.-Sax. wlac, tepidus. given only in the Harl. and Winch. MSS. The word is not noticed by

To be lewke,

Dueange, and possibly

calix
*

erroneously written for culullas, wliich, according to Papias,

is

" Fideiia, olla vel ciphus, or a. cherne." med. Ang.-Sax. li^, ^Mculum, jictilis. " Lentus, slowe and febulle, or lethy, moyste." med. ms. cakt. " Lentesco, to waxe slowe or lethy, i. tardv.m esse.^' ORXUS. Nich. Munshull also gives in his rerhale, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 131, " leufesco, to wex lethy." " Lethi " occurs in the Vision of P. Ploughm. 59T9, and is explained by Mr. Wright as signifying liateful, but its precise meaning is not obvious. In a Treatise on Obstetrics, of the later part of XVth cent. Add. MS. 12,195, particular instructions are given " at what age a maydyn may vse of drwrery," and it sets forth the evils arising from the anticipation of the age of puberty, " for trewly and sche vs J^at deduyt or l^at tyrae, on of l>es iij. tliynges, or elles alle schalle owder sche xalle be baren, or her brethe schalle haf an yil savore, or sehe falle to her but for ))e ij. fyrst je xalle be to lythy, or lauy of her body to ojjer J>an to here hosbonde " Lethe, delyuer of xalle fynde medysignus here after, and \>e iij. is vnne curabylle." ones lymmes, souple." palsg. Lathy is given by Moore as a Suffolk epithet, siguifying Compare lythe, hereafter. thin in person. Ang.-Sax. liS, iener. Leik, Havelok, 2793, and liche, Vision of P. Ploughm. signify a living body, as in line 5599, where Dame Studie is described as " lene of lere, aud of liehe both :" it is so used likewise in K. Alis. 34S2. This is perfectly in accordance with the signification of the Ang.-Sax. etymon lice, corpus, a body, either living or dead. The latter seenis, however, to have been the more usual sense of the word. Chaucer, in the Knight's In Tale, 2960, speaks of the " liche-wake " at the burning of the corpse of Arcite. the North the custom of watching the corpse, termed lyke-wake, is not entirely laid It is by corruption aside see Brockett, v. Lake-wake, and Janiieson, v. Lyk-waik. termed late-wake Penuant, Tour in Scotl. i. 112. The term is evidently derived from Ang.-Sax. lic, cadover, and wsecce, vigilia, A fuU account of the usages and abuses customary on these occasions will be found in Brand's Popular Antiqu. and Ducange, In the Invent. taken 1421, church of St. John Baptist, Glastonbury, printed v.VigiUce. by Warner, are mentioned "iij. lyche bells ;" in the Invent. of St. Dunstan's CanIn the ordinance tcrbury, 1500, termed " bells for niortuarys." G. Mag. vol. viii. N.S.
: ;
*
:

PROMrTOUIUM PARVULOltUM.
lady or lorde,
8.)i

303

Lighis {do-

Lydron, or lyderdn (lydrnn, or

lyderyn, h. p. lyderon, or lydron, s.)3 Lidonis. Hec queclam glosa super correctione Biblie.

nimiis ligius, f.)

LYCHE,manor Avomann. {Ligius, p.) Lycoryce (or lycnrycc, p.) Liquericid, c. F.

cia, p.)

{lingricia, licori-

Lye, supra in leye. Lye, or lyes of wyne

(lyje,

s.

p.)

Lycure

(lycowre, s.)

Liquor.

Ijia, c. F, tartaru7n, c. f.

Lycure, or brothe of fysche, and o])cr lyke. IJquamen, cath. c.f. Lyde, wesselle hyllynge (lyde, or
Operculum. Lyder, or wyly (liyire, or wily, k.
lede, p.)

Lyfe. Vita. Lyyf, hooly. Devotus, sanctus.

Lyftyn'.
Levo.
vp.

Lyftyn'
CATH.

Suhlevo,

2^^^^do,

lydyr,

h.

ledyr,

s.

lydir,

p.)2

Cautus,

et alia

infra in

wyly

(cautulosus, p.)

(Lyggyn, infra in lyyn.) Lythe, idem quod lym membre), infra.-^

(or

of Abp. Peckham, 1280, which sets forth the articles to be provided by the parishioners, these bells are designated as " camjmnce manunles pro morluis.'" Wilk. Conc. ii. 49. Of the local use of the term lich-gate, signifying the outer gato of the cemetery, beneath which the corpse is placed, whilst awaiting the officiating niinister, see the Glossary of Architecture, Chesliire and Shropshire Glossaries. In the West, the path l)y which the corpse is carried to the grave is known as the leach-way; in Cheshire it is called the lichroad. Coles gives " lich fowles, carcass bird, scritch-owls, niglit-ravens." Tlie term liege is commonly used by tlie old writers in the two-fold sense which is here given to it, denoting both the chief and the subject, as bound by the ligaiitia, or bond whereby they were reciprocally connected. Palsgrave gives only " Lege lorde, souerayn, lieye.'''' See Spelman and Dueange, v. Ligius. " Leder, Lither, or lidder, has in the Nortli the signification of idle or sluggish. ms. In the Vis. of P. Ploughinan the expression " luther sleuthe " occurs ; and " litlicre " in King Estmere. One of the evils of tlie times enumerated in the curious lines, Roy. MS. 7 A. VI. f. 38, b. is that " Lex is layde, and lethyrly lukes." Tusser speaks of the unprofitableness of the " litherly lubber." Lyndsay uses the word " lidder " in the scnse of
'

backward or
" DesidieiiX,

shy,
idle,

which approaches more nearly

lazie, lither,

slouthfull.

Jingard,festard, faineant, rcice, oisif, Jamieson, v. Lidder. ' In the description of the march of AIexander's army the poet describes the various classea of which the host was composed, high and low, knight and knave,

to that assigned to it in the Promptorium. " Lither, Ignave, lazy, lither," &c. COTG. paresseux." sheew. See Brockett, v. Lither, and

" Mony baroun,

ful

wel y-thewed,
schrewe.''

Mony
Weber

ledron,

mony

K. Alis. 3210.
Skelton

explains the word ledron as signifying here a leper, or a mean person. uses the word, in the poem entitled Slaunder, and false detractions.

" But my learning

is

of an other degree,

To taunt theim

like lyddrons,

lewde as they be."

" Laideron, somewhat ugly, pretty and foule." cotg. It must, however, be observed that as lidorus has not been found in the Latin glossarists, it cannot be asserted positively that LYDRoN is to be taken in this sense in the Promptorium. The term " lithes," occurring in Havelok, 21G3, is explained by Sir F. Madden as

304

PR03IPT0RIUM PARVULORUII.
fro lym.
(liht

fro lythe, or lym Membratim. LycHTE, or bryghtnesse

Lythe

Lyght^e^nynge

of

(or leuene, p.) Coruscacio, fulgur, fulmen. Ly^ghtesum, or fulle of lyghte.

brytnes, k. lythj,

h. light, p.)

Luminosus.

Lux, lumen. Lyghte, or Tvyghte (Hht

K. light of

Lyghtesum, or esy (lihtsum, K.)

Facilis.

of wyhte. weight or mesure, p.)i

Lyghtesumnesse,
Facilitas.

or

esynesse.

Levis.

Lyght

of

knowynge, or werkynge.
J)at

Facilis.

Lyghte, or
oj^er lyke.

jjynge J)at yeyythe

lyghte, as sunne, andcandel, and

Luminare.
(liht

Lyghte foote
aciipedius, UG.

fotyd,

k.)

bryghteof nes (or lyht, s.) Luminositas. Lyyn, or lyggyii (lyin, or hgyn, K.) Jaceo, cath. Lyts n' yn, or yn chylde bedde (liyn in of childe iu childe bed, p.)

Lyghtesumnesse,

Levipes., ug. in alo, alipes, c. f.

i7i

Decuho,
Ly^yn, or
Ly'ke.

c. F.

acuo.

make

Lyghte
alicirus.

handtd.

Ilanulevis,

or gabbyn. h.)

a lesynge (lyjyn, Mentior.

IIoc instar.
et

Ly'ght hertyd. Letifer. Lyghteyn', or kyndelyii' fyyr or

candelys (or ly^tnyn candelys, or odyr lyhtys, s.) Accendo. Lyghtyn chargys or byrdenys (or wyhtys, k. wettys, s.) Deonero.

Lyke, iu lykenesse. Similis, Lykdysshe. Scurra, c. f.

cath.
2^('2^(ts, xjG.

in ^''opa.

Ly^keeowse.

Ambroniims,

de-

licatus, deliciosus.

Lyghteyn',

or

make wyghtys

more esy (lightyn burdens, heuy Allevio. weightis, p.) Lyghtely, or soue. Leviter.
Lyghtly, or esyly. Faciliter. Lyghtenyn', or leuenyii' (lithnyu,
as levyn, k.

Lykerowsnesse. Delicacia. Lykyn' or haue lyste (or plesyn, Dek. p. lykyn or lystyn, s.)
lector.

Lykynge,

or
or

kiste
lusty,

(lyste,

s.)

Delectacio.

Lykynge,
tivus, s.)

or

craske.
{clelecta-

lyhtyu,

s.)

Co-

Delicativus,

crassus

ruscat, fulmino.

In tlie Grene Knight, 56, the expression signifying tlie toes, thc extremes articulations. " wounded both lim and lighth" is found and in Syr Gawene and the Carle, 190, " lyme and lythe." The usher of King Arthur's court is described as repulsing Sir. Cleges with
;

these discourteous words,

"

I schall the bette euery leth,

Hede and body, wythout greth, Yf thou make more pressynge."

;

Sir Cleges, 292.

Townel. Myst. 327 ; and the citations given by Jamieson. See also C.ant. Tales, 14,881 Ang.-Sax. W^, art^is. " Oute of lythe, dislocatus, luxtis." cath. ang. It should be possibly the word noticed tliat the order of the Harl. MS. has been here lcft unaltered was written by the first haud lyghte, as would appear by the alphabetical arraiigement.
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

305

Lykenare,

or lie J)at lykenytlic. Asshnilator, asslmilatrix.

Lykexesse.

Similitudo,

effigies,

Lymyn wythc bryd lyme. Visco. Lyme wythe lyme, ideni quod WHYTON wythe lyme, infra in
"W.2 (lymyn or whytlymyn, k.

cath. Lykenesse, fygure, or forme (figure ofF forme, s.) Figura,

assiniilacio, instar,

qhythlymyn,

h.

qwytyn,
in

s.)

(Lymows,
Lyncent,

siiiora

gleymows.

forma.

Lykenyd.

Assimilatus.

Lyknyn'. Similo, assimilo. (Lyknynge, s, Assimilacio.) Lykkare, or he J^at lykkytlie.

Lecator, ug. (lambitor, v.) Lykkyn, as beestys wythe tongys. Lingo, cath. Lykky(n)ge of howndys, or o\ex
beestys. Lictus, licacio, vel licacitas
:

Limosus, viscosus, glutinosus.) werkynge instrument a for sylke women (lyncet, werkynge stole, k. h, p.)^ Liniarium, kylw.
tre,

Lyynde, Lyne, or

Tilia, c. f.

rope.

Corda, funiculus
or

(cordula, r.)

Ly(n)ge of the hethc (lynge,

hethe, k.)*
c. F. et

Bruera,

vel brueria,

liec

omnia ug. in
Index. Lilium.

lingo.

mirica,

Lykpot

fyngyi'.^

timus

secundum nmltos, secundum extraneos

Lyly, herbe. Lym, or membre

Membruvi.

altellos

(aliarum terrarum, p.)

(or lythe, supra.)

Lyynge, or gabbynge. Mendacium. Lyynge, or lyggynge. Jacencia.

Lyme, or mortare. Calx. Lyme, to take wythe byrdys.

Viscus.

Lyynge

Lyme jERDE. Viminarium, comm.

viscarium (virga viscilenta, s.)

yn, of chylde bedde. Decuhie, c. f. Lyne, or lynye. Linea. Lyneage, or awncctrye, Effemum, c, F, (escenium, s.)

In the other MSS. as likewise in the printed editions, this and the succeeding nouns and adjectives, as far as lvghtesumnesse, or bryghtenesse, are placed difTerently, being found after ltstles-hede, as if written lythe, &.c. In all tlie MSS. and the printed editions the verbs are placed between lysptn and lyvvn, as if written lytenyn, LYTVS, &C.
cath. ang. See whyton wythe lyme. Caldfico, decalceo. ^ This word may perhaps be read lynceut. An entry occurs in the Houseliold Book " Licia, be thredes, whych of Sir John Hovvard, 1465, " for a lynset, viij.cZ." p. 483. sylk women do weaue in lyncelles or stooles." elyot. * Compare hethe, or lynge, fowaly, p. 238. This name of the Calhma vul(/aris, Linn. occurs in the Tale of Robin Hood, Hartsh. Metr. T, 189. It is still retained in the North, act^ording to Brockett; but Jamieson states that in Scotland various specics of grass growing in mossy ground are called ling. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 23 b. it is said that " in Wilteshire nere Shaftesbery, is an heth jiat growejj ful of t>at (Junipere femel) and of lynk, and " Erica, hrya silvestris, sweete]>e lynk is heyere l^an )>at, and is faste by an heyh wcy." broome, heath, or linge." Junius, by Higins. Skinner givcs ling as the common appellation of heath in Lincolnshire. Moore says that in Suffolk it signities the turf of heath or
'

idem 'juod whyly,

"

lykpotte, index, demonsfrativus.''''

iiifra in

M.

ms.

heather.

Dan. lyng;

Isl.

\vnQ,fridex, spccies

ericce.

CAMD. SOC.

2R

306
Ly?;yd, as clothys.
liniatus, c/arnitus.

PROJIITOKIUM PARVULOrLtTJI.
Diijjlicatus,

Lyone

(or lyvn', s.)

Leo.

Lynyn clotbys. Lyxynge of

Duplo, duplico.
clothe.
Dep)lo>js

Lyonesse. Leonissa (vel lea, s.) Lyowre, to bynde vs-ythe precyows

clothys.3

{duplicatura, p.) Lynyke clothe, or

Ligatorium, redimiculum, CATH. et c. f. (vitta, p.)

cloj)e

of

flax.

Lyppe.

Labium,

labrum

et

Lineus.

Lynyolf, or sow wythe

inniolf,

schone

threde to or botys

nota quod labium est hominis, et labrum vasis : hec ug. v.

in L. LYQtrrDE, or moyste. liquus, c. F.

(lynolf, H. p. to

sew wyth shon',

Liqiddus,
sibilus,

or bokys, s.)' Indida, c. f. licininm, dicc. et kylw, Hilla, Lynke, or sawcistre.liirna, c. F. utrutnque UG. in hirquus, salcia, ug. ibidem. Lynt, schauynge of lynen clothe.

Lyspare.
sihila,

Blesus, blesa,

CATH. Lyspyn yn speche.

Sibilo.

(Lyspynge,

k.

s.

p.

Sibilatus, hletaleut,

Carpea,
et c. F.

secundurn

sururgicos

sura, CATH. Lyst, or lykynge (or infra^ Delectacio.

used by shoe" Lignoul, Uijiuul, shoomakers thread, or a tatching end." cotg. Compare Lingan and Lingel, Brockett gives liniel as a word still in use in the North. nhicli bave the like meaning Jamieson. " Lyngell that souters sowe with, du-f<jros, lignier. Lynger to sowe with, i^oulcier." palsg. This term denotes also a thong orstrap. " Lingula, a lacbet or lingell, Cohum, a thonge or lyngell, wherwitb the oxe-bowe and the yoke are bouuden together." elyot. "A lingel, lingula, iigula." gouldm. See
'

Lig-iuoul, or li<jael, signifies, according to Roquefort, the strong tbread

makers or saddlers.

Nares. * Forby gives " link, a sausage; we call two togetlier a latch of links. In some counties a far more correct expression is used, a bnk of sausages." Links bave tbe same meaning in Suffulk, and Ray speaks of black-puddings, or links, as a term used in the South. See " Andodille, a linke, or cbitterling; a big hogs-gut stuffed with Rops, Nortb C. words. sniall guts, cut into small pieces, and seasoned with pepper and salt. Fi-iqueneUcs, slender and small chitterlings, or linkes." COTG. ^ Compare frenge, or lyowre. Tcnia. In tbe third book of tbe Boke of Curtasye, cle Officiariis in curiis dominorum, it is said that the garcioiies, or grooms, were lo make pallet beds, and beds for lords,

" That benget shalle be with hole sylour, With crocbettes and loupys sett on lyour."
That
is,

Sloane

MS. 1986.

with hooks and eyes sown to the binding of the bed-furniture. In the Household of Sir John Howard payments appear, in 1465, to " the bedmaker at London for " eosteres." Househ. x./i. lyere for the grete costere, v.s." for canvas, and making the

Book

Exp. in England, presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 486. In the Wardrobe accounts of Edw. IV. edited by Sir H. Nicolas, a delivery appears in 1480, for the otfice of the beds, of 551b. " corde, and liour for liring and lowping " of certain hangings of arras. See further in the Indexes to those accounts, aud the Privy Purse Expenses
of Eliz. of York, 1503.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM,
Lyst, or
libitum.
frc

307
Asculto.

wjlle.

Arhitrium,
(or lylytstar,

Lysty>7, or herkyiT.

Lystare, clothe dyynge

taster of
clojj

dyynge,

s.

T.y Tinctor. Lyyst of clothe. Forago, cath. Lyyst, or lysiire. Strophium

(CATH.
S.)

(Lystyn, or lykyn, sujmi in LYKYN, 8.) Lystles. Desidiosus, segnis. Lvstles-hede. Segnicies, desidia,

CATH. pigricia.
s,)''

(Lysure, snpra in lyst.

Lvtere

of a bed.^

Stratus, stra-

Lyyste,
be.

lysure, or schrede, or chypjjyngys, what so euer hyt

torium, o. F.

Presegmen,

c. f.

Lytere, or strowynge of horse, and other beestys. Stramentum,

suhsisternium.

Lysty

(or histy, infra.)

in

Delec-

tahilis.

Lytere, or forthe brynggynge of

lustyly.)
h. lystore,

(Lystyly, infra

beestys.

Lyysterre
s.

(lystyr,

(LiTH,

Kstyr,

p.)2

Lector {delec-

Fetus, fetura, c. f. lihtnynge, hhtsum, lihtsumuesse, &c. k. h. s. p. vide

hht,

tor, s.)

supra.y

" Tinctor, tincor heuster." med. Sir Thonias Phillipps' MS. " A littester, tiiictor, tinctrix." Cath. ang. "VValsingham ORTVS. relates tliat the Coniinons inade a rising in the Eastern Counties, in 1380, at the " qiiodam tiitctore <le time of Jaek Straw's rGbellion, their leader in Norfolli being Norwico, cujus nomeii erat Jchannes Littestere," who called himself King of the Commons, and was beheaded liy the Bp. of Norwich ed. Camd. 26o. In the Paston Tha word occurs also Letters, iii. 421, mention occurs of anutlier Norwicli "lyster." in the Towneley Mysteries. At Lynn, wliere the Promptorium was compiled, the eontinuation of Broad Street, otherwise VV^ebsters' Row, is called Lister Gate Street. See
'

" Tinctor, a
a lyster."

litster,

trix,

Jamieson.
^ The reader, who oecupied the second place in the holy orders of the Church, is probably here intcnded. In the Vision of P. Ploughman mention is made of "lymiMr. Wright, however, supposes that the word signifies tours and listres," 2747.

deceivers.
^ The term " liser " occurs in the Vision of P. Ploughman, 2891 in eonnection with " Lisiere, the list of cloth, or of stuffe ; the the " drapiers," or weavers of cloth. " Lyste of clothe. lisiere. Palsgrave gives also edge, or hem of a garment." cotg. I I lyste a garment, or border it rounde aboute with a lyst, ie hende ^''une lisiere. haue lysted my cote within to make it laste bctter, am nat I a good housebande ? Lyste on a horse backe, raye. Lyste of the eare, viot de forat/lle.'" Compare schrede, and STEMYNE, or stodul, or stothe yn a webbyshonde (in a vi'ebbys eend, s.) Forugo. * The process of making " litere " for beds is set forth in tlie chapter on the duties Boke of Curtasye, edit. Halliwell, of the grooms, " (/arciontim.''^ Sloane MS. 1986.
,

p. 19.
* In the other MSS. the words from lythe to lyghtesumnesse, given above, pp. 30.3, 304, are placed here. They are not, however, in all cases written in conformity with this position in the alphabetical arr.angeraent, being mostly in thc King's CoII. MS. Lyth^, or bryghtnesse, &c. written Liht, Lihtsum, &c. in Sir TIios. Phillipps' MS. and in the Winch. MS. Lytli, Lyjth, Lyiith, Lyhtsura. These in-egulariiies are to beattriwriting by ear, vitiated the spelling of the original MS. buted to the second hand, who,
; ;

308

PROMPTORITJJI PARVDLORUM.

Lytyl, or siimwhatt. Parum, modicum, adv. Lytylle, iiot grete yn qnantite.

Lttyn' clothys
or lete, s.y

(litty-n, k. p.

lytyn,

Tingo.
taryyfi'.^

Lytyn', or longe

Moror.

Pamis, modicus (paiicus, p.) Lytylle better. Mdiusculus. Puendus, Lytylle chylde,
jpusius,

Lytynge

of cluthe (littinge, k. p.) Tinctura.

CATH.

^:>rtrv?/7?<s,

pusio,

pusillus, c. F.

Lytyl feythe
litil

(or lewte, supra

Lytynge, or longe taryynge. Mora, morositas. (Lytstare, supra in listare, s.) Lyvely, or qwyk, or fulle of lyyf
(liyfly,

fey^t. k. lytyll iu feytli, p.)

ful

of

liyf,

k.

Fidecuta, cath.

Lyvely,
Mendaculus,

or

qwykly
or

(liyfly,

Vivax. k.)
(liyf-

Lytylle

lyare. cath. mendacula.

Vivaciter.

Levelyheede,
lines, K.)

qwyknesse

(Lytyll mayden, p. Puclla.) Lytylle mann. Homuncio, liomullus, homunculus. Lytylle mann, or dwerfe
(litilii. s.

Vivacitas.
(liyflode,

Lyyelode, or lyfhode
K.)3

Victus.
(liyflode,
p.)-*

Lyflode, or warysome
K. lyuelode, h.
vurn.

man

or dwarw, k. dwerwe,

Donati-

dwerue, p.) Nanus, c. f. sessillus, CATH. Lytylle thynge. Eecula.

" Tingo,
:

Lyverey

of clothe, or o])er ^yftys.s

Liberata {liberutura, p.)

lytte."

'

to

dye,

to

coloure,

or to

med.

" To

litte,

colorare,

i/ificere,

cath. ang. Ray gives "to lit, to colour It is also given by Jamieson, but or dye a lincndo, sup. litani.''' N. Country words. Isl. lita, iingere. is not noticed by Brockett, or the other Northern Glossarists. ^ In tlie Yis. of P. P. 12,0(37, the good Saniaritan is described as hastily quitting the dreamer, saying, " I may no lenger lette." See also 11,524. A.-Sax. latian, tardare.
tingere,

tinctare.

littynge,

tinctura.'''

3 *

Donativum, 2^ossessio. The term here implies a pension for a largess in money or grain ; a dole given to veteran soldiers. " DonaEmericio est liheracio ah officio cum remuneracione, a vvaretivuin, yifte of knyghte. sone." MED. * A livery denoted whatever was dispensed by the lord to his officials or domesties Even in tlie annually, or at certain seasons; whether nioney, victuals, or garments. Saxon times there appears to have been a distribution of this nature, the jafol-hwitel, saga mctigalis, of the Laws of Ina, which was, as Spelman observes, a kiiid of livery. The term chiefiy denoted external marks of distinction, sucli as the roha estivaiis, and hiemalis, given to the ofBcers and retainers of the Court, as appears by the AVardrobe Book, 28 Edw. I. p. 310, and the Household Ordinances. Tlie practice of distributirig such tokens of general adherence to the service or interests of the individual wbo granted them, for the maintenance of any private quarrel, was carried to an injuriuus extent during the reigns of Edw. III. and Kich. II. and was forbidden by several statutes, which allowed liveries to be borne only by menials, or tlie members of gilds, &c. See Stat. of Realm, ii. pp. 3, 74, 93, 156, 1G7. The " liverie des chaperons,''' often mentioned in these documents, was an hood or tippet, which, beiug of a colour strongly contrasted to that of the garment, was a kind of iivery mucli iu fashion, anj
services
;

lyshode, MS. Compare waryson.

PnOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

309
bcestys body Ejjar.

LyveresoneJ

CoiTodium, uo. v. Lyvyn', or havyfi' lyyf. Vivo, dego, CATH.

Lyvyr,

wythe-yn

(lyiiyr or leuyr, p.)

Lyvvr worte,

herbe.

Epatica.

This, in later times, assumed the form of well adapted to serve as a distinctive mark. a round cap, to which was appendcd the long Uripipmm, which miglit bo r(.illed around the head, l)ut more comnionly was worn hanging ovcr the arm, and vcstigcs of it mayi The statute 7 Henry IV. e.xpressly perstill be traced in the dress of civic livcry-men. mits the adoption of such distinctive dress by fraternities, and " les gents de mestere,'''' and to this prethe trades of the cities of the realin, being ordained with good intent valent usage Chaucer alludes where he describes five artificers of various callings, who joined the pilgriinage, clothed all " in o livere of a solempne and grete fraternite." By the same statutc, lords, knights, and esciuires were allowed, in time of Prol. V. 365. war, to distinguish tlieir retainers by similar e.xternal marks, the prototypes of military In the metrical paraphrase of Vegecius, entitled " Of Ivnyghtliode and uniforms. Batayle," Cott. MS. Titus, A. xxiii. f. 22, it is said that ancient usage had ordained three kinds of signs in an army, vocal, semivocal, as trurapet or clarion, and a third which
;

noiseless,

"

And mute
Or

it

hight, or

th'egil, or

dombe, as is dragoun, th'ymage, or the penoun,

Baner, pensel, plesaunce. or tufte, or creste, Or lyuereys on shilder, arm, or breste."

In

was much

is evidently one of the liveries to which allusion is made. It when the Promptorium was compilcd. See colleu, or and the curious dissertations on collars of the royal livery, by Mr. J. G. lyuerey, p. 87 Much information respecting e.vternal distinctions, as the Nichols, Gent. Mag. 1842.

this passage the collar

in fashion at the time

;

original of uniforms, will be found in the Traiie des " lyveray of clothe, liherata ; hic et hec Peyrins.

liheratalis.''''

marques nationales, by Benetoii de cath. ang. " Lyueray

Illustr. of

gyuen of a gentylman, Shrew, Act IV.

'

liuerte.''^

palsg.

See Douce's

Shakesp. Taming of the

" Con-odium, a lyuerey in a abbaye." med. Harl. MS. 2257. " A lyveray of mete, cath. ang. Conredium, corredum, or corrodium, implied generally an Thus in the alimony or allowance, " prcehenda monachi vel canonici." ducange. Custumal of Evesham il is directed that for a whole year after the decease of an abbot " conredium" should be allowed, to be given to the poor, for the or monk, his entire good of his soul.'' Mon. Ang. i. 149. The term " livrere liueray'' occurs in this sense of a daily pittance for food, Amis and Amiloun, 1640, 1659; in the Household Ordinances the daily allowance of meat and drink received by each individual is comnionly termed his livery, and the livery cupboard was the buffet appointed in apartThe term corrody ments of greater state to receive this provision at certain times. implied also more particularly a kind of pension, either for life or in reversion, with which a monastery was charged, granted by the founder to a kinsman or retaiiier, or by The Sovereign instituted the house for service rendered, or some valuable consideration. corrodies in favour of royal dependants, and Spelman observes that 119 monasteries, charged with one, and in some cases two such corrodies, were, as it may thence be supposed, of royal foundation. The injurious practice by heads of monasteries, who made traffic in such pensions for their ovvn advantage, was restricted by the Constitutions of the Legate Othoboni, in 1267, which forbade them to sell and charge their estabSee lishments with " lihcrationes seu corrodia," especially when granted in perpetuity. further the notes of Joh. dc Athona, Constit. Legatin. p. 150, cd. 1679, aad Ducange, V. Conredium.
corrodium.''''

310
Lyye, or
quillus.

PUOMrTOniUM parvuloeum.
lythe,
Btylle

(lype, stille, k. light,

and softe v.y Trcinfelynge.

LoBURYONE, blake Limax. snayle.

LocE, or
lutus.

or

wyghte
So-

loos, vnbowndyfi'.

Lytiie,
Ilollis,
V.

aud

softe

yn
n.

lenis,

cum

non cum

LocHE, or

leche, fysche.^

Fun-

Anglice, smothe.

dulus, c. F.

Lythe, wythe-owte wynde, and cahne (lyve, or lythe, s.) Calmus,

c. F.

LoccHESTER, wyrm, idem quod LOKEDORE, iiifra (locccster, or

lokcester, s.)^

Lyye, or

Ijihe,
v. f.

and cahne wedyr.

shai|i

LooDE, or caryage.
LoDYSMANNE."*
t^ehicularius.

Vectura.
Vcctor,
lator,

Malacia,
s.

(Lythe, and not

/Suavis.)

in taste,

LooF

of brede.

Panis.

'

The

different significations of the

liS, ieiicr, mitis.

worJ lythe here given

to the elements
it

are to be

deduced from the

Ang.-Sax.

As applied

occurs in Emare.

" The wynde stode as her lust wore, The wether was lythe on le." 833

Ritson, Metr. R.

ii.

In the Seuyn Sages, 2517, when the caldron, whieh was discovered boiling with scven " walmes,'' had been stilled by the directions of ISIerlin, it is said that the water " bicom faire and lithe.'" Iii tlie sense of soft to the touch lythe is used by Chaucer, Dream, if53 ; House of Fame, i. j1'J. " Ly^th, or sotylle, ayilis, levis, efficax.'''' Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. " Letlie, delyuer of ones lymmes, sovple. Lythenesse, delyuernesse, souplesse.'' XVII. '^ PALSG. Mol, soft, supple, tender, lithe, limber." COTG. Bishop Kennett gives lithe see likewise the Craven Dialect, as iised in the North in the sense of soft or Hexible and Jamieson. The compound word lith-wake is also used there Ang.-Sax. li'ficwac; Ciloss. .ffilfr. Jul. A. II. Bishop Kennett cites Davies' Rites of Durham, 105, wlare it is related that the body of St. Cuthbert was fouml uucorrupted, flexible, and " leath-wake ;" and remarks " j)o/rit.s lith-wake, Sax. Vi^, meinhnirn, tt wvicn, flfxihilis. A lith-wake man, a clever, nimble fellow. Durham." Lansdowne !Manuseript, 1033. Compare the Craven Dialect. " Lith \\a.y]s.&, flexihilis." cath. a.\g. The word occurs in tlie Hymn to the Holy Ghost, by W. Herebert, a manuscript in the possession of Sir Thomas
; ;

Phillipps.

"Ther oure body

is

leothe-wok, ^yf strengthe vrom aboue."

Rel. Ant.

i.

229.
;

The verb to lithen, Ang.-Sax. liSian, lenire, is used by Chaucer, Troil. iv. 754 in Arund. I\1S. 42, f. 42, b. one of the virtues of hardanu is stated to be that " it lyhyn nayles, hat ben scabbe and sore " and of " squylle if it ben etyn witli hony, it Ivthejj wombe." f. 53, b.
;

'' Cohitis larhata, lAwn. Lodie, tlie loach, Alosa, i.fvndv.ltis, a. loche." ORTUS. a small fish. Locliette, a groundling, or small bearded loach. Loclier, to shog, shake, shock, wag." cotg. It has been suggested that this fish may have been so naraed in allu-

'^

sion to
^

its

"

Lorlie, the

singularly restless habits. dew snaile, or snaile without a shell." cotg.

Menage

reniarks, " iKut-

Eruca, rvca, liica, loche." * " Plaustrum, veJiicuhnn duarum rotnrum, a lode, or a wayne." ORTUS. The Lodesnian secms to be here tlie carrier, Ang.-Sa.x. ladnian, ducior. Compare the use of the verb LEDE wythe a carte, p. 292. Possibly, howcver, the etymon hlad, onus, niay be
etre d'eriica..

PROMPTOmUM PARVULORUM.
LooFT, or LoGGE, or
soler.

311
locchester,
c.

Solarmm.
howse.
v.)

LoKDOUE, wyrmc (or

Teges,

lytylle

CATH. casa (tega,

supra.)UG. p.)

Multipes,

f.

(et

hylle (lodge of a Pergulum^ wareyne, h. p.) CATH. UG. in rege. Loggyn', or herberwyn', or ben hcrbeiTyd (lodgyn or harborouen, p.) Hospitor, Ocior. Loytuon', or byn ydyl. Lok of schyttynge, or sperynge.

LoGGE yn an

LoKE,

or

lokynge
Cistella,

of

})e

eye.

Visus, asjjectus, inspeccio.

LoKERE.
cella,

cistula,

cap-

coMM.
Video, respicio,

Lokyn', or seene.

aspicio, intuor, conte^njylor.

LoKYN A-BOWTE. Circumspicio. LoKYN YN a tliynge. Inspicio.

LoKYNGE,
pra.
ideni

Lok LoK LoK

Sera. Vola. of hey, or of er lyke. Cincinnus, ky'lw. of here. Floccus, ug. injlo. of wulle. LoKE, sperynge of a dore or wyn-

quod loke, suloldvc.

Lokkyn', or schette wythe a

Sero.

Lokkyn',

or

barryiT.

Obsero,

dow

(loke of sperynge, as dore

UG. in sereno.

Valva. or wyndowe, k.)i LoKE, or palme of wuUe. Palma.

LoKSMYTHE. Serefuher. LoLLARDE.3 Lollardus, Lollarda.

Lodesman generally signifies preferred, as expressive of tlie burden conveyed by him. leader of a ship, a pilot, as the term is used by Chaucer, Legend of Hipsipliile, and by Gower. In the Wardrobe Booli 28 Edvvard I. p. 273, a payment appears " ^^'''O vadlis
tlie

uniiis lodincuini conducti pro nave guiaadd,^'' apparently

bringing supplies to Karlaverok.

" Lodesman of a sliippe, pilotte.'^ palsg. " Lodesman, a guide, jierductoj-." gouldm. See Jamieson, v. Ledisman. In the statute 31 Edvvard III. c. 2, a fishing vessel is named, termed a " lode ship." An evident distinetion is liere made between loke, meaning apparently the leaf of a door, or shutter, and lock of a door, in its ordinary sense. In both cases the term is taken from Ang.-Sax. loc, claustrum, sera. In the Register of W. Curteys, Abbot of Bury, novv in the possession of Edm. Woodhouse, Esq. an Indenture is preserved, dated 1438, for tlie performance of certain earpenter's work in tlie chapel of St. John at Hille, Bury, by Jolin Heywod, of Ditton, Camb. in which the following clause occurs " And to eytliir dore of the same chapel he shal do maken a louke of estriche borde competent." It seems here to denote what is commonly called the vvicket, or hatch of a door; valva " and this signification is more clearly defined in is rendered in the Medulla " a wyket " Valva est ostium, vel porta imrva in majori existens." In the Promptoriura tlie Ortus wicket is given as synonymous vvith a little window. - In the Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. under Nomina vermium, f. 55, b, is given " jraltijies, lugdorre." Jamieson states that the Lumhricus marinus, Linn. a worm which is dug out of the sand, and used for bait, is called a lug. The name dor denoted a beetle or chafer, but more properly a drone. Ang.-Sax. dora.,fuc2i,s.
'
:

^ " Ajwstaticus, i. perversus, a renegate or a LoIIarde. Ilereticus, errans in fide, an heretyke, or LoIIarde." ortus. " Lollar, /terc^i^iie." The sect of Lollards appears to have arisen in Germany as early as 1309, according to Hocsemiu.9, and the rise of LoIIardy in this eonntry during the reign of Richard II. was probably due to the Knyghton states that the " Wycliinfluence of his alliance with Anne of Bohemia. viani, qui et LoHardi dicti sunt," flourished and increased about 1387 and gives a
;

312
LoMBE, yonge
af/ncUus.

PROHPTORITJM PARVULOROTI.
schepe.

Agnus,

LoNGE, yn taryynge, or mevynge

(yn abydyng, k.)

Morosvs.

LooME,

or

mstrament
webbaiys

(loonibe, s.)
crafte

LoNGE, yn tyme (or long tyme,

K.)

Utensile, instrumentum.

Diutine, diu, diuturne.

desyryii'.

LooME

of

(of

Longyn', or

Desidero,

Telarium. (LoNCHE, supra in dxische.^ Sonitus, strejntus.)

webstare, k. p.)

op)to, affecto.

LoND. Terra, tellus (soliwi, v.) LoNDYD, or indwyd 'wythe lond.

Terradotatus.

Longyn', or belongyfi to a thynge (belongyn to a-nother, k. p. been longyn, s.) Pertineo, consto, CATH. attineo. LoNGYNGE, hertely desyry(n)ge
(hertely desyre, s.) Desiderium,
optacio, CATH.

LoKDE

fro schypj^e, and water. A])pdlo, CATH. applico, cath. fro

LoNDYD

schyppe, and watur.

LoYNE

of flesche (lony,

s.)

Lumliterd.

Applicitus, appilicatus.
fro schyppc, and watm-. Applicacio, cath. in plico. LoND ivYL, sekenesse (londe enyll, p.)2 Epilencia. LoNE, or lendynge. Mut{u)acio,

hus, elumbus, vg. v. in

N.

LoNDYNGE

LoRDE. Dominus, herus, hirius. LoRDLY. Dominativus. LoRDLY. Dominanter (dominative,

p.)

LoRDLYNESSE.
rilitas.

Dominacio,

he-

accommodacio. LoNG, yn quantyte of bodyly thyngys. Longus. LoNGE, yn doynge, or werkynge.

Prolixiis,

LoRDSCHYPPE.
dium,
s.

Dominium, prebrit.
lorde,

c. F. et

(LoRDSCHYPPYN, or beeu
Dotninor.)

summary of their peculiar opinions. Ed. Twysden, col. 2706. The derivation of the name has been mueh discussed; sorae witli Chaucer, Lyndwode, and Fox tracing it to lolium, as comparing tliem to the darnel among the wlieat others to the name of an early promoter of the heresy. The suggestion, however, of Ducange, that it was taken from Lollaerd, mvssitator, seems most reasonable. Gower speaks iu his Prologue of " this newe sccte of Lollardye." In the Harl. MS. this word seems to denote only a sudden or boisterous noise but the King's Coll. MS. gives Dvnehe, and Pynson's edition Duncliinge, or luncliinge, as

'

In Norfolk, according to Forby, to lunge signifies to lean forward, to throw one's whole weight cn anything, to thrust with full force, possibly from the French allonrjer. Mr. Wilbraham gives lungeous, ill-tempered, disposed to do some bodily harm by a blow or otherwise. Cheshire Glossary. See also Grose ; Herefordshire and Shropshire Glossaries. violent kick of a horse is termed a lunge. Dunsh, signifying a shove or punch, is a word used in Suffolk and North Britain. See Moore and Jamieson. Compare Teut. donsen, imgno in dorso ^^ercaiere ; Su. Goth. dunsa, impetu et fnujore 'procedere. ^ See FALLYNGE downc, or fallynge yvelle, Epilepsy was termed likewise in p. 14S. French le mal de terre, evidently because those afflicted therewith fell and rolled upon the ground. " Coceria, mala vexacio, the londe yuelle.'' med. MS. cam. " Mav, de terre, the falling sickness." coxG.
signifying tzmcio, 2>ercussio.

PROMPTORITTM PARVULORUM.

313

LooRE, techynge. Doctrina, dogma, instructio, inforjnacio.

LoREL
c. F.

01s.

loscl,

dayne,

or ludene, (lorLuixo, lurdeyu, p.)i

lorcl

LoRYEL, or

tree

(lory^er,

Perdicio. Los, or lesynge. Loos, or fanie.2 Fama. Loos, or bad name. Infamia. (Loos, yn~bowndyn, supra in LOCE, 8.) Losange, or spancle (spangyl,

H. loryjell, p.)

Laurus, cath.

laurea, cath.

Lorale, dicc. K. s. p,)3 Losyn', or vnbyndyii.' Solvo.

Compare lurcare, lurco; and see the note on lurdeyne, p. 317. Verstegan defines a losel to be " one that hath lost, neglected, or cast oif his own good, and so is become lewde, and careless of credit and houesty." >Tames of Contempt, p. 262. Lorel has been Both occur derived from Ang.-Sax. leoran, as likewise losel from leosan, perdcre. repeatedly in the Vis. of P. Ploughman ; Chaucer, in his version of Boethius, B. i. renlorell," and uses the word in the Wife of Bath's Prol. 5855, and ders '^ perditlssimum Plowman's Tale, ed, Speght, 1601, f. 91. See also Ly beaus disconus, 259, " lorell and kaytyf." In Rich, C. de Lion, 1864, 1875, the French King speaks of the English as In the Boke of Curtesy, t. Hen. VI. the you:h sitting at the cowards and " losards."
'

is

table of a great

man

admonished thus
spit not lorely for

" Ne

no kyn mede,
Sloane

Before no

mon

of god, for drede."

MS. 1986,

p.

21.

Holinshed terms Wat Tyler " a naughtie and lewd lozzell." Chron. iii. 432. Skelton nses the word " loselry," and both " lorrell " and " lozell " occur in Spenser, and " Loricard, a " Lorrell or losell, fetart, loricart." palsg. other later writers. luske, lowt, lorell, slow-backe. Maschefonyn, a chuSe, bore, lobcock, lozell ; one that'3 Vastilousier, a lusk, lubber, fitter to feed with cattle, then to converse with men. loggarhead, lozell, hoiden, lobcock. Aujoimrhuj/ Seigneur, demain siwje ord, Prov. To day a goodly lord, to morow an ougUe lozell,'" cotg, " Lorel, or lossel, i. clown ;
also fraudulent."
^

hlisan, celebrare

as derived evidently from the past part, of Ang.-Sax, however, more probable that it was taken from the French, los, loz, which seems to be always used in a good sense, whereas the English word signifies either praise or dispraise, renown on account of vice, as well as of virtue. In the sense of praise it occurs, R. Glouc. p. 189; R. Brunne, p. 25; Vis. of P. Ploughm. 7164; In the Tale of Sir Gowghter, 186, it is said Cant. T. 16,836; Gower, Conf. Am. that, in consequence of his outrageous and sacrilegious acts, " his lose sprong ful " see also the tale of the King of Calabria, Seuyn Sages, 1586 and Ritson, j\let. wide Roni. ii. 2. Sir John Maundevile uses the word in the like secondary sense, " je schulle undirstonde that in that time there weren iij. Herodes of gret name and loos Chaucer uses the expression " nanie of badde loos," for here crueltee." Voiage, 108. ^' Test. of Love, i. 278. Defamo, to mislose. Fama, a loos. Infamia, wikkud loos. " Fama, good lose, or fame." ortus. Compare Fame, or loos /?(/5UW, losud." MED.
:

gouldm. Tooke considers this word

it is,

of

name,
'

p.

148.

In the Ortus Lorale is rendered " a or losangle (sic). Lorale. lorayne, a brydell," but lorum implies any strap or band of leather; and as at the period when the Promptorium was compiled the fashion of attaching pendant ornaments to the girdle and the baldrick, the reins and the trappings of horses, was singularly prevalent, it may perliaps be concluded that losange, or spangle, here dcnotes these decorations, which were occasionally, but not invariably, of a lozenge form.

Compare spangle,

CAMD. SOC.

314

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

LosYx', or slakyfi, Laxo^ relaxo. LoT. Sors. LoTHE, or TOwylly. lavolunta7'ius,

LowE, or

softe

yn voyce
s.

(or styll

in voyce, p.)

Submissus.
Ilumilis.)
h.
p.

inspontaneus.
ouwilli, K. H.

(LowE, or meke, h. (LowE, or ny the

drestis,

(LoTHELY,
p.

VHwiUy,

dressys, or lyys, s.)i

Bassus.

Involuntarie.)

Low

LoTHLY. Ahhomiaabilis. LoTHsuM, iclem quod lothly.

of fyyr (or leem, supra, or steem, infra ; lowre, s.)i Flam-

Low, 01* lowe. Profundus. Low, or ny pe grownde. Bassus. LovEACHE, herbe. Levisticus. LovARE. Araator, dilector, amatrix, dilectrix.

ma. LowELY", or softe yn voyce.

misse.

Sub-

LowELY,

or mekely.

Humiliter.

LouELY, or semely. Decens. LowNEssE, or mekenesse. Humilitas.

LowcE, wyrme.
(Lowsi,
K.

Pediculus, sex-

cupes, c. F. et cath.

LowNEssE,
speclie
Affabilitas.

and

goodnesse
s.

in
p.)

LowDE

Pediculosus.) yn voyce, or noyze. Altus.

Alte.

(goodlynesse, k.
dejjnesse
k.

LowDE, or yn lowde maner. LowDEXESSE. Altitndo.

LowNEssE, or owtyn heythe,

fuaditas.

(with

h.)

Pro-

LovE. Araor, dilectio. LovELY, or able to be lovyd.

Araabilis,
dilifjibilis.

LowNEssE, ny the grownde. Bassitas.

LovELY, or yn lovely vyse (or

frendly, s.)

Amicabiliter.

LowYSTE. Infimus. (LovoN, and bedyn

a."

as

chapmen,

LovYN
'

(or love, s.)

A?no, diligo.

Licitor, brit. ia duntaxat.)

Flarivma, \>q leye of fuyr. Flammesco, to belewe. Flammiger, beringe lowe." MED. " A lowe of fyre, jJamma.''^ cath. ang. This word occurs, Awntyrs of Arthure, vii. 5; it is written " leye " in the Yis. of P. Ploughman, lines 11,783, 11,921. Gower uses " loweth," signifying kindleth. In the Dialect of the North a blaze is called a lowe,

and the verb to low, or flame, is still in use. See Craven Dial.; Brockett, and Jamieson. Ray gives lowe as a N. country word, and laye as signifying in the South and East flame, or the steam of charcoal, or any burnt coal. Compare Ang.-Sax. leg, Dan. lue, Germ. hohe, Jtumma. ^ Brito observes that " licitari, iviponere precium, rei gue ve/iditur taxo signifies

poiiitur pro licitari, quia licitaiores iu foro venalia considerantes dicunt, hoc valet " To lowe, ^ibi to prase. To tantwm."' Summa Britonis, Add. MS. 10,350, f. 37. " Licitor, to sett prjxe ; et prayse, preciari, appreciari, liceri, iicitari.'''' cath. ang.

addere, vel diminuere precium rei. Licitacio, lykynge, or batynge, or bergeynynge." MED. MS. cant. " I alowe, or abate vpon a reckenyng, or accompte made, le aloue, le abats coniugate in I beate downe." palsg. Bp. Kennett gives " to lothe. to offer in sale, or allow a thing at sucli a price, as, I'Ie lothe it you for so much money ; Cheshire. A.-S. laSian, invitare.''' Lansd. MS. 1033. Jamieson states that to low has the signification of to higgle about a price according to the Craven Glossary it is used as an abbreviation of to allow, to grant or give. In the Townl. Myst. p. 177, Pilate liargaining with Judas to betray Jesus, says, " Nou, Judas, sen he shalbe sold, how lowfys thou liim ?" Dutch, looven, Flem. loven, estimare.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

315
or
or

LowYN,
viilio.

or

mekyiT

(or

lowe, or meke, k. h. p.)

make Hathe

LowYNGE,

lemyngc of

fyyr.

Flammacio,

LowYNGE,
or

cryynge of nette.
cath.
vel

LowYN,
CATH.
Lo^^'n',

make lowe
s.)

to

Mugitus.

grownde (or botme,

or

Basso,
fyyi".

LovEDAY.
clies

Sequestra,

sequestra.

flamyn

as

LovEDAY
CATH.

MAKERE.i
an liowse.^

Scquester,

Flammo.
Lowyn', or ciyyfi, or Mugio. nette.
'

bellyfi,

as

LovER

of

Lodium,

NECC. umhrex.

" Dicitur sequester reconciliator, qui discordes pactficat, et cjui certantihus medius The term loveday occurs in the Vis. of P. Ploughm. v. 3327, Ac. catu. 5634; Cant. Tales, Prol. v. 261; Test. of Love, i. f. 274, ed. 1602; Cov. Myst. See also Rot. Parl. 13 Hen. IV., and Bracton, V. f. 369, where a day fixed for p. 111. an amicable settlement is terraed '^ dies amoris." In the Paston Letters, V. 346, the " My lord Skalys hath niade a lofeday with the p'or and following passage is found Heydon, in alle materys except tlie matere of Snorj'ng," &c. " He is more redy to make a fraye, than a loue daye." HORJi. " Loueday to make frendes, a^ij^ointement.^' PALSG. * The received derivation of this term is that suggested by Minsheu, from the French V ouvertei, the open turret or lantern on the roof of an house which permitted the escape In the article on dialects in the Quart. Rev. Iv. 373, the Icelandic li6ri, of smoke. foramen pinnaculi donms, is proposed as an etymon the sort of cupola with a trapdoor which, in the Northern countries, serves the douhle purpose of a chimney and a sky-Iight, is called in Norway liore, in W. Gothland liura. Lodium, a word unnoticed by Ducange, who gives only lucanar in the same sense, is explained in the Ortus as dicitur de lux et do, q^iasi dans lucem.'''' signifying "a louer In the Latin-English Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. are given " Lodiurn (ucare, im^Jluviare, lowere ;" f. 27. " Fumarium, a chymeney or a lovyre. Indtricium, a gotyre, or a lovyre." med. ms. In the edition of the Ortus in Mr. Wilbraham^s library, lucanar is thus rendered, CANT. " A sloghe, a potte, a louer." luxere, fumarium, fumerale, hicar, lodium.'''' cath. In a roll of purchases for works in the Royal palaces, 2 ANG. 5 Edw. I. amongst the miscellaneous records of the Queen's Remembrancer, the item occurs repeatedly, " pro In the Treatise entitled Femina, MS. Trin. Coll. hordis ad louere cum cora7itis," &c. Cant. B. 14, 40, it is said in the chapter ad edifcandmn domos, that it is fitting to make a " good louer (lamiieire) and wyndow :"
intervenit,''''
:

"A

" Louer {amueire') and almarye {ameire)

me

ha^,

At
)>at
J^at

J^e

fume go)> out. en Fraunce ys amueyre namede,

louer

here louer ys apelyt,

i.

nominatus."

" Moche of the showre fell into the Xouer (^impluvium),\i\\i moche more " Louer of a hall, esc/ere." palsg. " Dosrne, a flat into the barton {cavedium.)'' round louer, or open roofe to a steeple, banketting house, pigeon house, &c. Tourne-

llorman

says,

vent, a horse, or mouable louer of mettall on the top of a chimney or house. Trottou'cry the boord in the louer of a doue-coat for pigeons to alight on." cotg. loouer, or tunnell in the roofe, or top of a great hall to auoid smoke. Fumarium, sinramentum.''^ baret. Whital gives among " the parts of housing Thc lovir or fomerill, infumihubim," &c. This word is used in the Vision of P. Ploughni. and by Spenser in the

"A

316

PROMPTORIUSI PARVULORUM.
Canicus

LowMYSHE.i
SUS, C. F. S.)

(ardulw(ar-

LowsYN.
Lowtyn'.3

Pediculo. Conquinisco,

c. F.

UG.
F.

LowMYSCHENESSE. Canicatus
dulitas, s.)

obstipo, CATH. inclino.

LowTYNGE.
s.

Conquiniscia,

c.

(LowMisMAx, or woman,
dulio, c. F.)

^r-

in

conquinisco,
(lo|)m,

inclinacio {con-

quinacio, P.)

LowPYNGE, or skyiipynge.^ Saltus. LowRYN, or mornyn. Mereo, CATH. 7nerere est cum silentio
dolere,

Lothyn'

or

lothyn,
detestor.

s.)

Abhominor, horreo,

Lothynge
s.)

(loj^ynge, or lothynge,

secundum UG.

Ahhominacio.

or fade coloure, and chere (or castyn lowre, s.) Tabeo, brit. LowRYN, or scowlyii. Ohoculo,

LowRYx,

KYLW.

LucE, fysche. Liicius. LucE, propyr name. Lucia. LuDDOK, or lende.^ Lumhus. (LuKCHESTER, worm', supra in LOCHESTER, S.)

LowRYXGE. LowRYNGE.
(Lows,

Mestus,

tristis.

Tristicia, mesticia.

siipra in

lowce,

s.)

LuRKE, or wynnynge (lulc, k. s. p.) Lucrum. LuMERYKE.^ Lumhricus, kylw.

In the Craven Dialect a chimney is sense of an aperture for giving light, F. Q. vi. c. 11. Compare fomerel of an halle, p. 169. ternied tlie love, or luvver. Low.vYSHE, MS. lowmy?she, K. h. s. p. The foJlowing explanation is given in the Catholicon : " Ah ardeo dicitur Mcardelio, i. leccator, quia arden.i esi in leccacitate ;" the Ortus gives " Ardelus, inquietus : qui miiiit se omnihus Tie^oms, a medler of many mat" Ardelio, one full of gesture, a busie man, a medler in all matters, a smatterer in ters."
Btill
'

" Lome, vetns Holl. Jamieson gives loamy, slothful, inactive. things." morel. Dan. Lummer, a long lubbcr, a looby, a tony. iardvs, piger," kilian. " lope, saltiis ; a loper, to lope," &c. cath. ang. See lopynge, saltacio, saltns. Jamieson, v. Loup. Ang-Sax. hleapan ; p. part. hleop ; hleapaiig, saltatio. ^ The verb to lout oceurs frequently in the old writers as signifying to bow down, to
all
'^

See Sir F. Madden's Glossary to Gawayn ; Syr Trj-amoure, 1062 ; In Cant. T. 14,168, 15,654; Gower, TowiL Myst. p. 18, &c. " Anoon the Lord the earlier AVicliffite version, Numb. xxii. 31 is thus rendered openyde the eyen of Balaam. and he lowtide hym redi to the erthe ;" in the later In the Liber Festiralis it is said of the version, " worschipide hym lowli in to erthe." Virgin l^Tary, " Slie lyued so clene and so honestly y' all her felawes called her quene of maydens ; and when ony man spake to her, niekely she lowtyd with her head, and s.ayd, Deo ffrarias." Ed. Rouen, 1499, f. 144, b. "I lowte, I gyue reuerence to It is a worlde to se him lowte and knele." one, le me camhre, le hiy fais la reuerence. Ang.-Sax. lutan, inclinare. Compare bowy.n' or lovvtyn', p. 46 and bek, or PALSG. In the North to bow in the i'ustic fashion is still termed to lout. See lowte, p. 29. Brockett and .Tamieson. " A luddok, feraen midieris, femur viri, lumhus." cath. ang. The word occurs in TownL Myst. p. 313.

bend

to,

or stoop.

Vis. of P.

Ploughman

"His luddokys thai lowke like walk-mylne clogges." Numernus remedies may be found in the Treatise on the virtues
See f. 23, 40, 72, b. 84, &c. 42, " for lumbrikes." the belly-worm, or maw-worm." gouldman.

MS.
nho

of Herbs, Arund. " Lumhricus, an earthly worm,

PROMPTORIUM PAnVULORUM.
Lullyn', orbyssyii'.
(nenior, lallo, ug.)

317
p.)

Sopio, catii.

Lurcare (lurcard, b. LuRDEYNE, idem est

lorell, T.y

Lurco.
in

(^supra

LuLLYNGE

of yonge chylder (^ong chyldryn, k.) Neniacio.

.Neuici,

LULLYNGE 80NGE.
fescennia, c.
f.

CATH.
s.

(fescennina,

LuRE for liawkys. Lurale, comm. Lurkyn'. Latito, lateo. LuscH, or slak. Laxus {rarus,
K. p.)

fascennina, p.)

Lymnyd,

as

bookys (Ivmynid, k.)

k.

LuscHBURUE
pirus.)^

(lushburue,

s.

Pa-

Elucidatus.

Lymnore
cidator,
ator,

(luniinour,

Ehi-

cath. aiirigraplms, ug. in aer, miniUG.

allutninator,

miniographus,

LuscHLY. Laxe (rare, LusTE. Vohiptas.

k. p.)

LusTE of synne.
LusTV,
Voluptuosus.

Lihido.

illumi-

fulle of histe (lustyful, s.)

nator,

Lumpe.

kylw. Fnistrum

{sic, p.)

LusTY, or

lysty.

Delectuosus (de-

LuNGE
'

(lunche, k.)

Pulmo.

lectabilis, vohiptuosus^ k.)

Fabyan, in his Chron. part vi. c. 197, suggests the fanciful etymology of this term, which is lil<e\vise given by Boethius, in his Hist. Scot. published in 1526, lib. x. s. 20, and adopted by Verstegan, in his remarks on names of contempt, c. x. namely, that a Dane being qtiartered as a spy in every family in England, was, from his tyranny, called Lord Dane, " quhilk is now tane for ane ydyll lymmer that seikis his leuyng on other mennis laubouris," as Bellenden expresses it in his version. The immediate derivation " Lourdin, lourdayne is, however, evidently from the French blunt, somewliat
;
;

clownish, lumpish, rude; smelling of the churle, or lobcock." cotg. "Lourdein: idiot, lourdaud, nudadroit, sot ; en bas Lat. Licrdus.'''' roquef. R. Brunne says that Sibriht, King of Wessex, when driven from his realm, " as a lordan gan lusk ;" The word oceurs in the Vision of P. Ploughman, lines 12,278, 14,302; Townl. p. 9. " Lurdayne, lovrdavlt. Myst. pp. 60, and 308. lurdane, fii a thefe." cath. ang. It is a goodly syght to se a yonge lourdayne play the lorell {loricarder) on this facyon." " PALSG. lourdon, or sot, lardus.'''' gouldm. It denotes a vile person, a sot or blockhead, a clownish churl, or a sluggard. Andrew Boorde, in the Breviary of Health, quaintly observes at the close of his directions regarding fevers, " The 151 chapiter 1573, doth shew of an euyll feuer the which doth comber yonge persons, named the feuer lurden," with which many are sore affected now a days, from bad education, or natural habit. In the last case he pronounces it incurable, but offers the following nostrum : " There is nothing so good for the feuer lurden as %niy\ientum haculinum, tliat is to saye, Take a sticke or wan of a yeard of length and more, and let it be as great as a man'3 fynger, and with it anoint the backe and the shoulders well morning and euening, and doo this -xxj. dayes; and if this fever will not be holpen in that time, let them beware of wagging in the galowes; and whiles they do take their medicine, put no Lubberwort into their potage, and be(w)are of knauering about their heart; and if tliis will not help, send them to Newgate, for if you wyll not, they wyll bryng them selfe tliether at length." In See Brockett and c. 262 he speaks also of " luskeshnes, brother to the feuer lurden."
blockish
;

little

"A

Jamieson.
Counterfeit sterlings, closely resembling the pcnnies of the English coinage, but of have been largely introdueed during the reign of Edward III. and were probably, as Skinner suggests, ternied Lushborows from their having been issued at
'

inferior value, appear to

"

318

PROMPTORIUM PARVDLORUM.
of mynstralcy, k. p.)
Viella,

Lust(y)ly (lustili, k.) Vohiptnose. LusTYLY, or lystjly. Dclectabiliter.

samha, lamhutum

(citella,

k.

citolla, H. p. sajnbuca, s.)

LuTE, instrament of musyke

(lute

(LUTYN,

P.)

Lutsenborgh, or Luxemburgh, a fact sufRciently evident from the word lvcembor., LVSEXBOR., or LVSEBVRGEXSis, forming part of the legend which occurs on many of these H. Knyghton thus reeords their importation in 1347 " Eodeni anno defertur in Angliam per alieaigfiuis et i/uligena^ mercatores falsn rmneta quw lussheburue appellata est; unde apud Londonias multi mercatores et alii plures tracti sunt et siispensi, et quidam magno precio vitarn redemerunt.'''' Chron. Cott. MSS. Claud. E. Tii. f. 253; Tib, C, vil. f. 152, v. In the margin is written " rnoneta loysburues." It appears by the RoUs of Parliament, vol. ii. 160, that early in that year (20 Edw. III.) a petition had been presented by the Commons, which set forth that merchants and others exported the good sterling coin, and ^^ de jour en autre reportent diverses fauxes morcoies appellez Lusshebourues, dord la livre poet estre achaie par dela pur oyt souldz, ou pxir meyns," with which the country was filled. The King's pleasure was that such offenders should be judged according to law, as " fav.x moneov.rs." In the year following the Commons again petitioned " jiur ce qe Infauxe monoie de Lusshebourues encrest de jour en o.utre," an evil attributed to the infrequency and short duration of the sittings of the judges of assize, praying for " 2)}us aspre reraedie.'''' Rolls of Parl. ii. 167. In 1351 these false sterlings are again mentioned in the petition that declaration should be made by the King as to what ofFences should be adjudged treason, of which one was the iniportation of false coin, " sicorne la monoie appelle Lusseburghe," or other resembling the coin of the realm, as fully declared in the Stat. 25 Edw. III. c. 2, where the word is written " Lucynburgh.
pieces.
:

Compare Rolls of Parl. named in the Vision of

1362.

ii.

239, and Stat. of Realm,

i.

320.

P.

Ploughman, which was composed, as

is

These fallacious monies are it is conjectured, about

" As

in

lussheburwes

a luther alay,

And
The

yet loketh he lik a sterlyng, merk of that monee is good,

is

Ac

the metal

feble."

v.

10,322.

In the Cant. Tales, which, according to Tyrwhitt, were written subsequently to 1382, allusion occurs to " Lusheburghes," as coins of base alloy Monks Tale, v. 13,968: as likewise in Piers of Fulham, p. 128, ed. Hartshorne,
;

" No
It

lussheborues, but
in

money

of fyne assay."

Twysden's edition of Knyghton, as likewise in the printed text of the Rolls of Parliament, the term has been given as Lussheburne, apparently in consequence of its origin having been forgotten; it seems, however, evident that the true reading should be Lussheburue, which is merely a variation from Lussheburwe, or Lucynburgh. See further on this subject Ruding, i. 222 Snelling's Plates of counterfeit Sterlings, and the Bliitter fur Mlinzkunde, l'839. The import of the word Popirus in relation to base coin is obscure. It is found in the Winchester MS. only. The coins of the Byzantine emperors, called ptrpari, and the Italian paparini, were monies of considerable value, but there was a base coinage in France during the XlVth cent. of pieces of bad alloy, called parpilloles. See Charpentier.
;

must be observed, that

319

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Macare.
Factor, plasmator.
of noghte, as

Macare

God

only.

Maddyn, Maddyn,
Mafey,

or dotyfi. Desipio. or waxyn woode. In-

Creutor.

sanio,furio, catii.

Mace

of a seriawnt. Si^cjejjtru^n,

y[AJiD^^^ss^.Amencia,demencia.
othe (maffeyth, s.) 3Iedius Jidius. Mageram,! herbe. 3Iajorona. Mageste. 3Iagestas. Magry, vn-thanke.- Vituperium,

clava.

Macer,

or he j)at berythe mace. Scept{i')iger. Macys, spyce. 3Iacie, in plur.

C. F.

Madde, or wood. Amens, demens,

furiostis.

(Madde,

or wroth be crafte or
s.

reprobacio (^malas grates, demeritmn, p.) May, monethc. 3Iaius.

K.

cunnyng,

Factns.)

Maydekyn',
dicc.
dicitur

or

lytylle

mayde
PueUa-,

Madyr,
hayrj-f.

herbe.
et

Sandix,

(maydyn kyn,

h.

p.)

rubia major,

minor

puerula, juvencula.

Mayde

wede, herbe, or maythys

of the contractioa other readings are

1 TLis word should possibly be read placed over the penultimate letter in the

mageran, as the power MS. is uncertain. The

maioru, k. mageron, s. magerym, p. w. margeryn, j. " This word is used both as a substantive, from the French "malgre; hldme, reproche, mauvais gri ; malas gratcs ;^^ ROauEF. and as an advcrb, maM^re, in spite of
opposition.

"

Ma

manasinges
"

^it

Mawgre mot
Chaucer uses the word " maugre
Vision of P. P. 4280.

thai

have thai maked, have to mede !"

Minot,

p. 3.

in the

same manner, Rom. of R. 4399.

Compare

See also the Prologue to Book ii. of the version of Vegecius, " Had ye, Sir Emperour, commaundede me to haue written attributed to Trevisa. your soueraigne dedes of armes then had I been siker to haue deseruede thanke, there now I drede me to deserue magre." roy. ms. 18 A. XII. Horman says, " I am not able to bere thy maugrefe, impar invidice iuce ;" and Palsgrave gives, as a substantive, " Maugry, malgre, maltalent."' See Jamieson, v. Mawgre. For instances of the use R. Glouc. p. 94; of the word adverbially see Sir F. Madden's Glossary to Gawayn and Chaucer. " Maulgre my heed. Maulgre fortune. Maulgre R. Brunne, p. .58 " Maulgre eux, mauger their teeth, in spight his tethe, maulgre ses dens,^' &c. palsg. of their hearts,'' &c. cotg.

CAMD.

SOC.

2 T

320

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Mayxprisyxge.
munumissio,
3Ianucapj{t)io,

(mavdewode, s.maydenwede, p.)'

Melissa, amarusca. Maydyn (or maydon, s.) yn clennesse of lyyf.Virgo. Maydex (or maydon, s.) seruaunt. AnciUa. Maydyn, or seruaunt folowynge a woman of worschyppe. Pedisseqiia, assecla,

c. F.

Maynprisowre.

Mancipator,

Jidejussor, c. f. (manucaptor, f.) Mayxe, or strengthe. Vigor,rohur.

Mayntenaunce.

Manutencio,

supportacio, defencio,

Mayntenyd.

Manutentus, sup3fanutentor,
s.

cath.

portatus, defensus.

Maydyxhood. (Mayfay, sitpra

Virginitas.
in

Mayntenow're.
s.)

mafay,

defensor, stipportator, fautor.

Mayle
c.

of a haburione. Sqiiama,

Mayntyn
K. p.)

{sic,

maynteyne,

hamus, cath. macula, c. F. cath. et UG. in macero. Mayxe, or hurte (mayme, h. p.)
F.

Manuteneo, supjporto.
didascolus,

{(lefendo, protego, P.)

Maystyr. Magister,
petagogus
jirecepttor, p.)

Mutilacio. Maynyd (or

{monitor,

auctor,

mankyd,

infra,

maymyd,

Maynyn
maymyn,

h. p.) Mutilatus. (or mankkyn, infra,

k.)^

Mayxprysyd,
(maynsprisid,
ic.

or

Mutilo. menprisyd

Maysterly. Jlagistraliter. Maystresse. 3Iagistra. Maystrye, or souerente, and

heyare honde y(n) stryfe or werre (maistri, or worchip, or the heyer hond, K. maystr\'s, s.) Dextre,pl. victoria, triumphus. (Maistri, k. 3Iagisterium.)

maymprysyd, or memprisyd, s.)-* Manucaptus,

Jidejussus, c.F. (mancipatus, p.)

Ma(y)nprisyn'
s.)

(maynpresonte,

Manucapio, cath. mancipo, CATH. Jidejuheo, cath.

'

(Maythys, supra
avede.)^

in

mayde

See

MAYTHYS.

Anthemis

cotuln, Linn.

Ang.-Sax. mageSe, cham(emelum

The old writers occasionally use the term maidea in reference to either sex. la the Vision of P. P. 5525, Wit, discoursing of ill-assorted matrimony, commends alliances between " maidenes and maydenes." In the Liber Festivalis it is said that St. Luke " went to our Lady, and she taught him the gospell that he wrothe, and for he was a clene mayden, our Ladi cherished him the more." Ed. Rouen, 1491, f. cliij. " Mayde of the mankind, puceau. Maide of the woman kynde, p2i.celle." palsg.

" To mayne, mutidare. Maynde, muiitlatiis. A maynynge, mutulacio," cath. " I mayne, or I mayne one, I take the vse of one of his lymmes froni hym, Taffolle, and le mehaigne, but mehaic/ner is Xormante. " palsg. The participle " mayned " occurs in the Golden Legend, f. 121, b. Compare mahennare, mahemiare, Duc. and the old French mehenier, mehaingner. The second word is here contracted in the MS. and should possibly be read memprisyd. By a writ of main-prize the sherifl' is commanded to take sureties for the appearance of a prisoner, called mainperners, or mainprisours, and to set him at large. This is done either when bail has been refused, or when the cause of commitment is not properly bailable. Of the distinction between manucapere and balliare, see furtherin Spelman. = This plant is thus mentioned by G. de Bibelesworth Arund. MS. 220, f. 301.
3

ANG.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

3-21

(Makare, supra in macare, s.) Make, or fyt, and mete (mak, fyt,
or esy, K.)
Aptiis, conveyiiens.

Make Make
rico.

bettyr. MeJioro. byttyr, Exacerho,ama-

Make,

mathe, wyrm yn Jje flestie (or maye, infra., make, or magot, II. p. magat, may, or math, s.)' Tarmus, cath. cimex, c. f.

Make MaKE Make

blak. Denigro. BLUNTE. Obtundo, CATII. clene. Mundo, purgo,

or

purifico.

comm.

Make comuenaunt,
s.

com-

Make, or metche.- Compar. Makerel, fysche. Megarus. Makyn, or make. Facio, plasmo,

naunt (comavnt, k. cumnawnte,

couenaunt, p.)^

Pango.

Make Make

compono. able.
k. a sythe,

Habilito.
sethe,
p.)"^

Make deef. Surdo, cath. Make drunkyn. Inebrio. Make dul. Hebeto, obtundo,
etc.

A-ceethe (makyn

ut supra.

Satisfacio.

Make

evyn.

Equo.

" Si votcs Irouet en toun veri/er Amerokes (maj^en) e gletoner (and cloten,) Les aracez de vn desagti (twybel.)" In tlie Vocabulary of names of plants, Sloane MS. 5, is given " Amarusca calida, Gall. ameroche, Any. maithe ;" in another list, Sloane MS. 56, " cheleye, i. mathe." The camomile is still known by the appellation Mayweed Anthemis cotula, Linn. Gerarde describes the " May weed, wild cammomill, stinking mathes, or mauthen," Cotulafcetida, and observes that the red kind grows in the west parts of England amongst the corn, as Mayweed does elsewhere, and is called " red maythes, our Londoa women do call it Rose-a-rubie." Ang.-Sax. maseSe, majSa, chamcemelum. 1 Maak in the Craven Dialect still means a maggot. Dan. mak, madike, vermis. 2 " Collega, a make, or a yomanne." m"ed. In the edition of the Ortus in Mr. Wi]braham's library collega is rendered " a make, or a felowe." This term, as used by Chaucer and other writers, has the signification of a mate, or fellow, a spouse, either husband or wife. It is said of the turtle dove in the Golden Legend, " When she hath See Jamieson. A.-S. maca, consors. lost her make, she wyll neuer haue other make." 3 The substantive a-cethe has occurred previously, p. .5, where the word has been printed A-CETHEN, a contraction appearing in the Harl. MS. over tlie final ?:. which, however, is probably erroneous. The word is thus used in the earlier Wicliffite version " Now than ryse, and go forth, and spekynge do aseethe to thi seruauntis ;" in the later, " make satisfaccioun {satisfac servis tuis," Vulg.) ii. Kings, xix. 7. In the later " Therfore y swore to the hows of Heli that the version it occurs in i. Kings, iii. 14 wickidnes of hys hows shal not be doon a-seeth before with slayn sacrifices and
;
: :

;" in the earlier, " schal not be clensid (e^pie t ur,^ Yulg.) See also Mark xv. " A-sethe, satisfaccio. To make asethe, satis/acere." cath. ang. " Satisfactio, Chaucer, in the Rom. of Rose, 5600, rendered " assez [sic) to make a-sethe." ortus. asseth ;'' and in the passage previously cited from the Vis. of P. P. the line is printed by Mr. Wright, " if it suffise noght for assetz," where he esplains the word as synonymous with the common law term, assets. Compare fulfyllyn, or make a-cethe in thynge J>at wantythe p. 182. Some doubt may here arise as to the power of the contractions in the MS. coueCompare breke couenant, p. 50, and see the note on cunawnte, naunt, or conaunt.
^iftis
'

15.

p. 108.

322

PRO.MPTOKIUM PARVULOllU.M.
fet, or
fat.

Make

Iinpinguo,

Make playxte
s.)

(make pleyne,

sagino.

Conqueror.

Make fowle. Detnrjio, sordido. Make gay. Orno. Make free. 3Ianiimitto. Make hard. Induro {duro, p.) Make hevy in herte, or sory.
Contristo,

]Make plextyvows (plentows, HARL. MS. 2274.) Fecundo. Make qweynt, or wonderfulle
(make qveynte,
Mirifico.
or wonder,
s.)

molesto,

mestico,

CATH.

(^mestijico, p.)

Make hevy Make ioy,

supra
in
I.

yn nyghte. Gravo. idem (jund ioyn, (maken ioyze, supra

(makyng' open,
3Ianifesto,

Make Make Make Make Make

fico,
s.)

redy. Paro. ryche. Dito. paste. Intero. sacrifyce. Sacrifico.

sekyr

in grawnte.

Rati-

in ioyze, p.)

Make knowyn'
HARL. MS.
notifico.

confrmo. M.-iKE sygIity (sythty, k. sythy,

2274.)

Make
K.)

Make large. Amplio. Make lawfulle. Legitimo. Make lexe. 3Iacero. Make lesse. Minoro. Make meende (make mynde, or
brynge
to

Elucido. softe, idem quod nesche, supra.

make

Make
M.\KE

sole.mfnyte
Solempmizo.

(solempte,
or

TOKYN

to

a-nodvr,

mynde,

K. p.)

Com-

memoro.

Make mervelyows,
fulle.

or wondero]jer

(beknynge, harl. ms. Nuo, annuo. 2274.) Make wery. Fatigo, lasso. M.^VKE WYTHE CHYLDE. Imbekyii'

Mitijico.

pregno.
gladyii

Make

.very,

and

menn. Letifico ; (iiota, p.) supra in gladyn, G. Make mery, or be mer}- vn

herte or chere.

Makynge. Makly, or
{apte, p.)

Faccio, factura.
esyly.^

FaciUter

M.\LENCOLYE, complexion' (malecoly, k.)

Letor, jocor,

Malencolia, vel ma-

jocimdor.

Make Make

more. Majoro. nesche (or make softe, infi -a .) Mo Uifico moUeo c.v t n Make perfytte. Perficio. Make pleyxe. Pluno, comjAano.
,
,

secundum c. f. (^et maUncoUca, UG. in cirus, s,) M.\LENCOLYOAvs (malccoliowus,

lancolia,

K.)

Malapert
infra.^

MaleiicoUcus. (or presumptuowse,

Effrons.

' The adjective make lias occurred already, and tlie readiug of tlie King's Coll. MS. gives easy, as synonymous therewith. Jamieson cites Douglas, ^vho uses the word in the sense of evenly, or equally. Compare Ang.-Sax. ma.ca\\c, opportunus ; Belg. maklyk, easy. Sir Thomas Brown gives matchly as a Norfolk word it is likewise givea by
;

Forby, and sigiiiHes exactly alike, titting nicely the modern pronunciation being, as stated by the latter, mackly. Ang.-Sax. maka, par.
;

rROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

323
s.)

Malarde,
infra.)

bryde (or mavelarde,

H.

p.

malys,

3IaJleolus,

Anas

(anatimcs, p.)

Malawnder,

sekeness.^

Morhus.

Male

of trussynge, and caryage.^

CATH. marculus, cath. Malkyne, or Mawt, propyrname (Molt, K. Mawde, w.) 3Iatildis
l^Iatilda, p.)

3Iantica.

Male

Gerulus, cath. somarius, cath. in gerulus. Male, best or fowle, no femel. 3Iasculus, cath. mas. Malyce. 3IaUcia.

horse.

Malkyne,

mappyl, or oven swepare (malpyle, s. ouen swepe, H. p.)'* Dossorium, tersorium (dicc. s.)

Malt.

Braseum.

Malycyowse.

3IaUciosus. Mal\'et, betyl (malle or malyet,

Malte bowde (or wevyl, infra.^^

GurguUo, KYLW.

This term denotes ruost commonly the disease in the legs of horses, as causing to go ill, according to Skinner's observation. Malandria, however, in medieval Latin, as in Freach, malandrie, denoted generally an ulcer, a disease diffiof cure, as leprosy. See Ducange. " Malandrie, sickenesse, malandre. Malandre, cult malandre, serot." palsg. In a veterinary treatise, Julius, D. viii. f. 114, the following remedy is given " for the Malaundres. Tac parroures of chese, and tachony, and tempre hem to-gedre, and ley hit on j^e sore as hot as J^ou may." " Male, or wallet to putte geare or - " A male, mantica, involucrum.'''' cath. ang. Horman says, " Undo my male, or boudget {bulga, hipstufTe in, 7nalle." palsg. popera, bulgula.y The horse by which it was carried was termed a somer, or sompter See somer hors, hereafter. In Norfolk the cushion to carry lughorse, sommier. gage upon, behind a servant attending his master on a journey, is still called a male1

them mal andare,

pillion.

instrumenfum ad opus fornacis, a malkyne, oramalott." A malyne {sic), tersorium." catu. ang. " Malkyn for an ouyn, Holliband renders " iVaudree, the clout wherewith they clense, or frorgon.''^ sweepe the ouen, called a maukin. Escouillon, an ouen sweeper, a daflin.'' " A malkin, vide Scoven {sic). A Scovel or maulken, tigaculum, scopula. Penicillum, a buirs tail, a wisp, a shoo-clout, a mawkin, or drag to sweep an oven.'' gouldm. This term is still used in Somersetshire. It vs-ould appear from the Medulla that this word was also used as an opprobrious appellation " Gallinacius, i. homo dcbilis, a malkyn, and a capoun." Forby gives maukia, as signifying either a dirty wench, ora scarecrow
3

" Fornactilum, Fornacale,

MED. MS. CANT.

"

palsg.

of shreds and patches.

Compare bowde, malte-worme p. 46", and budde, flye p. 54. In the Eastern counties weevils that breed in malt are termed bowds, according to Ray, Forby and Moore the word is repeatedly used by Tusser. R. Holme says that " the Wievell eateth and devoureth corn in the garners they are of some people caljed bowds." Acad. The appellation is applied to other coleopterous insects. Gower of Arm. B.ii. p. 4GT. compares the envious to the " sharnbudes kynde," which, flying inthe hotsun of May, has no liking for fair flowers, but loves to alight on the filth of any beast, wherein " Crabro, quedam rmisca, a gnat, or a sharnebode. Scarabeus, a alone is its delight. sharne budde." med. R. Holme mentions the " Blatta, or shorn bud, or painted Ang.-Sax. scearn, stercus. beetle.'' In Arund. MS. 42, f. 64, an insect is described which devours the young shoots of trees. " Bruk is a maner of flye, short and brodissh, and in a sad husc, blak hed, in shap mykel toward a golde bowde, and mykhede of twyis and hryis atte moste of a gold bowde, a chouere, o^er vulgal can y non J>erfore." The name gold bowde probably denotes a species of Chrysomela, Linn.
*
;

324

PRO-MPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

(Malte com YS,^7yj?Y< in comys.)1

Maltvn',
or

Mandragge,
K. H. p.)-

herbe

(mandrake,

make

malt.

Brasio.

Maltyxge.
iacio, p.)

Brasiatura (brasmaltestere (maltar,

Mane

of

Mandrogara. an horse. Juba, cath.

Malstere, or
H. p.)

Brasiatriv, hrasiator.

Malwe, herbe. Malva. Manne. Homo, vir, mas.

Manasse, or thretynge. Mine. Manassyd, or thret. Minatus. Manassynge. 3Iinatus, comminacio.
" Germinatus,
;

dwellynge place (or lordManerium, jiredium, muniicm, comm. Maner, vse or custom. Modus, consuetudo (^maneries, p.) Maner of theve (mauer, or thevve,
ship, K.)

Maner,

K. H.

s.

p.)

3Ios.

Mannfulle.
nanimiis.

Humamts, mag-

in his Description of Engis steeped, and the water " untill it be readie to shoote at drained from it it is then laid on the floor in a heap, When it beginneth therefore to shoot ia the root end, which maltsters call commyng. this maner, they saie it is come, and then forthwith they spread it abroad, first thicke, thinner and thinner vpon the said floore (as it commeth), and there it and afterward lieth by the space of one and twentie dayes at the least." B. ii. c. 6. Holinsh. i. 169. R. Holme, among terms used by malt-makers, says that " the comeing of barley, or malt, is the spritting of it, as if it cast out a root.'' Acad. of Arm. B. iii. p. 10.5. The little sprouts and roots of malted barley, when dry, and separated by the screen, are Bp. Kennett gives " Malt still called in Isorfolk malt-cumbs, according to Forby. comes, or malt comings, the little beards or shoots, when malt begins to run, or come Yorkshire." Lansd. MS. 1033. See Craven Glossary and Jamieson. Compare Isl. keima, Germ. keimen, germinare. 2 The strange and superstitious notions that obtained in olden times regarding the mandrake, its virtues, and the precautions requisite in removing it from the soil, are In an Anglo-Saxon Herbal of the Xth cent. Yitell. recorded by numerous writers. III. f. 53, v, a representation will be found of the plant, at the side of which apThe account there given of the dog, whose services were used in dragging it up. pears the herb has been printed by Mr. Thorpe in his Analecta. Ales. Neccham, who died 1227, mentions it as if it had been commonly cultivated in gardens, which should be decked, as he observes in his treatise de naturis rerum, " rosis et Ixliis, solsequiis, moliset mandraThe author, however, of the treatise on the qualities fforis." Roy. MS. 12 G.XI.f. 77of herbs, written early in XYth cent., who appears to have cultivated in his herber at Stepney many botanical rarities, speaks of the " mandrage " as a plant that he had He admits that as to any sexual distinction in the roots, " kynde seen once only. neuere jaf to erbe J^e forme and \>e kynde of man some takyn seere rootys, and keruyn swuche formys, as we han leryd of vpelonders ;" Arund. MS. 42, f. 31, v. The curious relation that he gives of his detection of an aged man, who kept in a strong chest a mandrake root, which brought him daily " a fayre peny," is a remarkable illustration See further on this subject Roy. MS. 18 A. YI. f. 83, v" of the credulity of the age. Trevisa's version of Barthol. de Propr. B. xvij. c. 104 Bulleine'sBulwarkeof Defence, Browne's Yulgar Errors, and Philip's Flora Historica, i. 324. Singular rep. 41 presentations of the ^' mandragolo"' and '^ mandragola," executed by an Italian de1

commyn

land, speaking of

tlie

as malte." ortus. Harrison, making of malt, says that the grain

signer in the eai-lier part of the XYIth cent., are preserved in the Add. MS. .5281, The dog drags up the monstrous root by a chain attached to its ancles, f. 12.5 and 129, v". whilst his master stops his ears, to escape the maddening etfects of the mandrake's screams.

PROiMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

325

(Manfulli, k. h. s. p. Viriliter, humane, magn a n im iter.^

Manne

of law. Jurisperitus, scriba (legisperittis, p.)

Homicida,
sanguinai-ius, cath. (pilagiarius, p.) qwellvnge, or man slawtur (raanslawt, K. s.) Homicedes,

Magnete,
Magnes.

precyowse

stoue.

Manne qwellare.

Magnyfven,

or make mykyl of thynge yn preysynge (make moche preysynge of a thinge, p.) Magnifico,

Mann

cidium, cedes,
the

c. f.

Mannhood.
litas.

Humanitas,

viri-

Manuele, booke
kvlw. Mappel, idem
supra^^

to minster wythe sacramentys.2 Manuale,

Many. Multus. Manycle. 3Ianica,

Manymanerys,
liplex.

c. F. catliena,

quod malkyn,

secundum sacram scripturam.

or manyfold. Multiformis, multipharius, mul-

Mapulle, tree. Acer. Marbul, stone. Marmor.

MARBUL,whyghte
stone.

Parium,

Manvfolde
Maniure
sepe,

wvse. 31ultipharie,

c. F.

multipliciter.

Many maner

wvse, idem

est.

Marschale. Marchaunte.

Marescallus.

Mercator, ne-

(maniowre, s. p.) Mansorium, presepium, c, f. pt-eor

gociator, institor,

cath.

Marchaundvse. Mercimonium,
commercium, merca(ii)cia.

Mankvd,
latus,

maymyd.'

MutiMutilo,

Marchauntvsyn',

or chafferyn'.

Mankkyn',

or maynyn'.
or

Mercor, negocior. Marche, myddys be-twj-xij. cuntrees (a-twixyn, k. be-twyn,

s.)"*

Mankvnge,
tilacio.

maymynge.

Mu-

Marchia, confinium,

c. f.

1 This word seems to be derived from mancits, or the old French manche, mutilated, deprived of the use of a haad, or a limb. The participle " maakit," maimed, occurs See also the passages cited by Jamieson. Compare in Golagros and Gawane, 1013. Teut. mancken, Belg. minken, mutilare. 2 The manuale occurs among the service books which, at the synod of Exeter, in Wilk. Conc. ii, 139. The 1287, it was ordained that every parish should provide Constitutions of Abp. Winchelsey, in 1305, comprise a similar requisition. Lyndwood spectant ad sacramentorum et sacramentalium defines it as containing '* omnia quce ministrationemy It comprises also the various forms of benediction and in the printed editions of the Manuale ad usiim Sarum are added the curious instructions for " Manuels " are included amongst the books which, by the the seclusion of lepers. Stat. 3 and 4 Edw. VI. were " cleerelie and utterlie abolished, and forbidden for euer to be used or kept in tbis realme." 3 Mappel seems to be a diminutive of the old French mappe, a clout to wipe anything
;

withal.
4
^*

frontieres.^'

" Marches bytwene two landes, vaarche, marchia, muritima.''^ cath. ang. palsg. The frontiers of a country were termed in medieval Latin marchia.

32G

PHO.MPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
3Iarcius. or nyjhte mare.' Epialtes.

Marciie, monythe.

Maryage.
Jugium.

3Iar(i)tagiu7)i, con-

Mare, Mare,

or wyche. Magus, maga, sagana, UG. in sagio. Margery, propyr name. 3Iar-

Maryce

of a fen

mooi'e, infra.)

(or myre, or Mariscus, laet

bina, ug. v. in

L.

comm.

geria.

(Margaret,
Margareta^

proper

name,

p.

Margery, perle.2 Margarita. Margyne, or brynke. Margo. Mary, propyr name. Maria. Mary, or marow of a boon
(marwhe, k. h. marughe,
p.)

Maryyn' (marytyn, k.) Marito. Marke, propyr name. Marcus. Mark, of money. Marclia. Market, of byynge and syllynge.

Market
c. F.

Mercatus, c. f. place. Forum, c. f. mercatorium, ug. in merco, et kylw. emptorium, mercatus,

MeduUa.

Maryable,

abylle to be maryed.

Market

daschare.3

Circum-

Nuhilis, c. F.

foranus, ug. in circum.

and in Britaia the terms " marches of Wales the Northern ; marches," were still in use at no ver}' remote period. Ang.-Sax. mearce, fines. See Kilian and Wachter. The verb to march, to border upon, is used by Gower Sir John Maundevile also describes one course for the pilgrim to the Holy Land " tliorglie Almanye, and thorghe the kyngdom of Hungarye, that marchethe to tlie lond of Polayue {quod conte7"niinum est.y See Voiage, pp. 8, 50. ^ It lias been affirmed that tlie Mara was reverenced as a deity by the Northern tribes in Britain it appears only to have been regarded as a supernatural being, the visits of which were to be averted by physical cliarms, sucli as the hag-stone, called in Of the popular belief respecting the EpJdaltes see the the North the mare-stane. curious passages printed by Mr. Wriglit in the Introduction to the Trial of Alice Kyteler and Keysler, Ant. Sept. p. 497. Chaucer gives in the Miller's Tale, v. 3481, a singular night spell, to preserve the house fromthe approach of spirits, and " the nightes mare.'' " Night mare, gouhlin.'' palsg. It was termed in French godemare, according to Ang.-Sax. mara, incubus. Cotgrave. " Margery perle, nac^e." palsg. 2 " A margaryte stone, wr^a/-?7.'' cath. ang. In Trevisa's version of Higden's Polych. B. i. c. 41, amongst the productions of Britain, are mentioued " muscles, that haue withiu hem margery perles of alle maner of colour and hewe, of rody, and reed purpure, and of blewe, and specially and moost of white." Chaucer speaks of the precious " margarite perle,'' formed in a blue muscle shell on In Arund. MS. 42, the sea coast of " the More Britaine ;" Test. of Love, B. iii. f. 12, V", allusion is made to the supposed cause of the formation of " margery perle produced in muscle, or cokle, from dew of heaven.'' In the Wicliffite version pearls are called " margaritis," Matt. vii. 6 xiii. 4G. Horman observes that " margaritis be called pearles, of a mountayne in the see of Ynde, called Permula, where is plentye of them." 3 This term is synonymous with that used by Chaucer in reference to the Miller of Trumpiugton, described as being proud as a peacock, and whom none dared to touch or " He was a market-beter at the full.'' Reve's T. 3934. The old Glossarist aggrieve explained this as denoting one who made quarrels at the market, but it seems rather to imply one who swaggers about, and elbows his way through tlie crowd. " A merket.
in French, marches
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

327

Marl, or chalke. Marlfytte, or

Cretarium.

Creta, chalke

c. f.

Martloge.2 Martihgium, kylw.

MARTNET,byrd(martenet,K.ii.p.)3
Tu7'dus, padellus, j)andellus.

pytte.

Marlyd,
(Marlyd,

or snarlyd.
as lond, k. snarlyn'.'
beeste.

IllaqueCretatus.^

atus, innodatus.

Marter. Marwe,

Martir.
or

fclawe

yn trauayle

Marly'n', or

lUaqueo.

(or mate, infra; marowe, p.)^ Socius, compar (^sodalis, p.)

Marmeset,

Zinziphalus, cenozejihalus, ky'LW. mammo-

Marowe,
Massage.
legacio.

idem quod mary. Nuncium, legutum,

netus, c. F.

marmonetus, comm.

" Circximforamts, a goere aboute \>e market." beter, circumforaims." cath. ang. MED. '^ Baire les rues, to revell, jet, or swagger up and down the streets a nights. Baieur de pavez, an idle, or continuall walk-street; a jetter abroad in the streets," rendered also under the word Pav^ " a pavement beater, a rakeliell," &c. cotg. 1 To marl is retained as a sea term, signitying, according to Ash, to fasten tlie sails
with writhes of untwisted liemp dipped in pitch, and calledmarlines. Compare Dutch, marrelen, to intangle one in another Dan. merling, pack-thread. 2 The mariijrologinm was, in the earber times, the register of names of saints and martyrs, which served to bring each successively to the memory of the faithful, on the anniversary of his Passion. At a later period the term denoted, in monastic establishments especially, the register more properly called necroloyium, or obituary, whereia were inscribed the obits and benefactions of those who had been received into the fraternity of the congregation, and whose names were thus in due coursebrought to mind, being recited day by day in the chapter, and suitable prayers said. The martyrology was termed also liber vitce, and the memorial inscribed annoiatio Reyula', because it was generally annexed to the Rule, and connected therewith was the obituary, wherein the deaths of abbots, priors, and members of the congregation in general, were recorded. The mariyrolorjium occurs next to the reyida canonicortim, among the gifts of Bp. Leofric to Exeter, in 1050. The nature of the entries made may be seen by Leland's " thingges excerptid out of the martyrologe booke at Saresbyri," and at Hereford. Itin. iii. f. 64 viii. f. 7R. A remarkable specimen of such a register is supplied by the Liher Viice of Durham, commencing from Xth ceutury cott. ms. dom. a. vii. See Kennett's Glossary to Par. Ant. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said that the Roman legions, " with her chosen horsemen i-rolledin the constables martiloge (malriculce), were euer-more myghty i-nowe to kepe her wardes," without auxiliaries. B. ii. c. 2. It is here put for the muster-roll, termed album, or pitiacium. 3 The martinet ormartlet is the Hirundo urbica, Linn. and both appellations appear Skinner considers it to be a diminutive of the to have been taken from the French. proper name, comparing the usage of calling a parrot or a starling Richard, cr a ram Robert, and rejects as fanciful the conjecture of Minsheu that the name martinet was given in allusion to its arrival at the end of March, and migration before St. Martia's " Martynet, a byrde, 2a>'</we/." palsg. day. ' The term marrow is used in this sense by Tusser, but appears to be no longer known in East Anglia. It is retained in the Northern, Shropshire, and Exmoor see the quotations given in the Craven Glossary, and Jamieson. Ic occurs in dialects " A marrow, or fellow, socius.^' gouldm. Minsheu would the Townl. Myst. p. 110.
; ; ;
;

derive

it

CAMD.

from the Hebrew. soc.

2 u

328

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
j

MASSANGERE(massager,K,) iV?mcius, legatus, veredarius, cath.

Maschyxge.
Masse,
j

Mixtura, mhvtio.

or g-obet of mete, or other

Maschel,
scherel.'

or rothvr, or

maschRemulus, palmula,
Misceo.

lyke.

3Iassa.

Masere.- Murrus, mcc.micrra,

UG. in amariis.

mixtnrium.

Maschyn, vnbrewynge.
(pandoa-o, s.)

Massy, no^t Masyl, or

hole.

mazil,

Solidus. sekenesse.^

1 This term evidently implies the implement used for mashing or mising the malt, to In Withafs little which, from resemblance in form, the name rudder is also given. Dictionary, enlarged by W. Clerk, among the instrumcnts of the Brew-house, is given " a rudder, or instrument to stir the meash-fatte v\ith, motaculum." 2 mascr, cantarus, murra, murreus : hec 7tiurpis arlior est.^' cath. ang. " Masar of woode, masiere, hanap.''' palsg. There can be little doubt that the maser, the favourite drinking vessel used by every class of society in former times, was called murrus, from a supposed resemblance to the famed jNIyrrhene vases of antiquity. The maser was, however, formed of wood, especially the knotty-grained maple, and esteemed in projiortion to the quality of the veined and mottled material, but especially the value of the bands and rings of precious metals, enamelled, chased, In Latin this kind of vessel was called or graven, with which the wood w-as mounted. mazeriuus, maderinus, madeliuus, masdrinum, &c. in French madre, maselin, or mazerin ; and it seems probable that the name mether, applied to the ancient cups of wood Amongst innumerable instances preserved in Ireland, may be of cognate derivation. where tnention occurs of the cyphus murreus, or maser, in wills and other documents, may be cited tlie Inventories taken at St. PauFs, 1295, printed by Dugdale, and at In the Register Canterbury, 1328, given by Dart from Cott. IMS. Galba, E. iv. f. 185. of benefactors of St. Albans, Nero, D. viti. f. 87, Thos. de Hatfelde, Bp. of Durham, 1345, is represented hoiding his gift in his hands, namely, a covered mazer, " cyphum suum murreum, quem Weslieyl nostris tempcribns appellarnus." A maser very similar in form, but without a cover, was iu the possession of the late John Gage Rokewode, on tlie small plate, It is of knotty, dark-coloured wood, mounted with metal Esq. termed crusta, attached to the bottom, is graven the monogram IHC. and around the brim the following couplet

"A

"-|-Hold 50wre tunge, and sey ]>& best, and let ^owre ney^bore sitte in rest Hoe so lustyj>e god to plese,
let

hys neyjbore lyue in ese."

Similar instances of masers bearing inscriptions may be found in Testam. Ebor. i. 209, and Richard's Hist. of Lynn, i. 479. Doublet, in his Hist. of St. Denis, describes the richly-ornamented " hanap de bois de mardre," which had been used by St. Louis, and presented to that church. " Vermiculatus, rariatus ad modu.m vermis, distinclus, ^' Madre, rubeus, maderde." med. of wood whose grain is full of crooked and speckled Plantin, in the Flemish Dict. 1573, gives " Maser, nn streakes, or veins." cotg. noeud ou bosse a un arbre nommte erable. Maseren hout, acemum lignum.'''' In Syre Gawene and the Carle a Iady's harp is described, formed " of masere fyne," v. 433, which Sir F. Madden explains to be the wood of the maple. See on the raanufacture of " hanas de madre'' the Reglements sur les metiers de Paris au XIII. siecle Documents inSdits sur 1'histoire de Fratice, p. 112 edited by Depping. Compare RONNYN, as masere, or other lyke, hereafter. 3 " Lepra, quedam injirmiias, meselrye. Leprosus, mesell, orfull of lepre." ortus.
It

PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
Serpedo., variola, volatica, sephisicos.
Serpis[inosus, vel ser-

329

cundum

Maselyd.

pigiona t us, vo la ticiosus.

Maske
CATH.

of

nette.

Macula,

Sagino, imbeestys. pinguo. Mate, idem quod felaw, supra in F. (or marwe, k.) Matte, or natte. Matta, c. f.
storium, mattula,
c. f. c. f. et

Mastyn

et c. F.

UG. in stasis,

Masoxe, werkemann. Lathomus. Masonrye. Lathomia.

Masonys

ex.

Lathomega, comm.
Lapidicina,

asciolus, UG. in acuo.

Mateynys. Matutine. Matere. Materia. Matteras, vndyr clothe

(matrace,
k.)

of a bed

Masonys logge.
UG. in laos.

Lodix,

cath.

matracia.
herbe.- Jacia nigra alba dicitur scabyowse, vel covwede(cowewed, K. cobbed, p.) Matyn at the chesse (mattyn, s. p.) Mato, ij. lihro de tribus
et

(Masse,

or messe, infra. Missa.)

Matfelon,

Mast of a schyppe. Malus, cath. Mast hog (or, H. p.) swyne

(mastid swyne, K. Maialis, cath.
maste, (or
s.)'

Mastyf, hownde
i?lfra.)

mestyf,

Dietis, capitulo
in libro

ij.

Mastyk,

Spartanus, comm. spyce. Mastix.

Matynge at the chesse.

iij.

Matacio ;
ij.

de dominis, ca.

It appears that, though this term was frequently used as synonymous with leprosy, they were sometimes considered as distinct. See Roquefort, v. Mesel. R. Brunne calls the leprous Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, " be meselle," and states that for " foule meselrie he comond with no man." Langt. Chron. p. 140. In the earlier Wicliffite version the Syrian Naaman, iv. Kings, c. 5, and the four lepers in Samaria, c. 7, are called " mesels.'' See also Sir Tristrem, p. 181 Vis. of Piers P. v. 1624, 4G89, and " A meselle, ser/^erfo." cath. ang. " Mesyll, a 11,024; Chaucer, Persones T. &c. sicke man, meseav. Mesyll, the sickenesse, mesellerie.'' palsg. " Meseau, a meselled, scurvy, leaporous, lazarous person." cotg. See Weber's notes on Amis and Amiloun, and Jamieson. Masty signifies swine glutted with acorns or berries. A.-S. nifeste, esca, baccce.
;

'

" Ye mastie swine, ye

idle wretches,

Full of rotten slow tetches."

Chaucer III. B. of Fame.

" Masty, fatte, as swyne be, gras. Maste for hogges, novriture h povrceaux. Acorne, mast for swyne, gland. Many a falowe dere dyetli in the wynter for faulte of maste Compare (mast), and that they haue no yonge springes to brouse vpon." palsg. MESTYF, hogge, or swyne and fat fowle, or beste, mestyde to be slayne, p. 151. 2 " Mattefelone, Jacea, herba est.'' cath. ang. It is said in a Treatise on the virtues of herbs, Roy. MS 18 A. VI. f. 78, v. that " Jasia nigra ys an herbe l^at me clepyt' maudefelune, or bolwed, or yrychard, oj^er knoppewede hys herbe hat> leuys ylyke to scabyose, and }>ys herbe haj' a flour of ])urpul colour." In the Synongmia of
; :

herbs, Sloane MS. 5, is given " Jacea nigra, Gall. madfeloun, Ang. snaptvort.'' Gerard mentions the English names knap-weed, buU-weed, and matfelon also materfillon, or matrefillen. It is the Centaurea nigra, Linn. Parkinson affirms that this plant is called " matrefiUon very corruptly from Aphylanthes,'' because the flowers are leafless ; and Skinner suggests that from its scabrous nature it is suited to scourge felons withal.
;

330

PKOMPTORIU.M PAKVULORU.M.

(Matted at tlie ches, p.) Mattok, instruraent (or

or twybyl, infra.)

pykeys, Ligo, Dicc.

MAWME^STr YdoIum,simuI((crum. Ma^w^mextrye. Ydolutria. Mawmenter, or he )>at dothe

mawmentrye.
Ydolatra.
Sportula.')
kinge, or a

marra, dicc. Matroxe, eld woman. Matrona.

Maw.

Jecur.

(Mawxd, skype, %? Mawnde.ment (of a

lorde, p.)

MAVELARDE,iWemyorfMALAKD. Mavyce, hyrde.' 3Iaviscus, meruIa,faUica.

Belg.
1
\

3Iandatum, precepp.) ideia

tum

(^edictum, p.)

Maye,

or

mathe (worme,
hereafter, under

matten, fatigare.

Cow-wede

is

again mentioned

tlie

word

ocuLus Christi.
is

ealled mavis.

In Norfolk, arcording to Forby, the smaller thrush only, Turdus musievs, Linn. The name is used by Chaucer, R. of Rose, 619 and fBpenser,
;

" The Thrush replyes, the Mavis descant playes."

Epithal. 81.

" Maviscus, ficedula, mawysse." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Mauys, a byrde, mavuis.^' PALSG. '* Maiivis, a ]\Iavis, a Throstle, or Thrush.'' cotg. See Jamieson. - It is evident that the name of Mahomet became, as in old French, a term denoting any idol as also mahomerie, ia low Latin mafiomeria, was used to signify the worship of any false deity. Amoni;st the charges biought by the Kiiig of France against Pope Bonifai'e VIII. one was that he " haunted maumetrie." Langt. Chron. p. 320. In the version of the Mamiel des PeccJies, R. Brunne uses the word, speaking of a " prest of Sarasyne," who lived in " maumetry." harl. ms. 1701, f. 2. See also R. Glouc.
;

Chaucer, Caiit. T. 40.56 Persone's T. p. 85 the Wicliffite version, i. Cor. John, v. 21 ; and the relation of the conversion of King Lucius in Hardyng's Chron. Hall calls Perkin Warbeck the Duchess of Burgundys " iiewly-invented mawmet," and speaks of him as the " feyned duke but a peinted image.'' The circumstance that this naine was applied to him is shown likewise by the passage in Pat. 14 Hen. VII. 1498, regarding the punishment of those persons in Devon and Cornwall who '' ]\lichaeli Jusejjh rebelli et proditori tiontro, aut cuidam idolo, sive simulacro, 7iomine Petro Warbek, infimi status viro, adhceserint.^' R^^mer, xii. 696. So also Fabyan, relatiiig the insurrections at Paris and Rouen in 1455, says that the men of Rouen " made theyin a mamet fatte and vuweldy, as a vylayne of the cytye, and caryed him about the towne in a carte, and named hym, in dyrysyon of theyr prynce, " Chamos, a mawmett. Pigmeus, theyr kynge." Chron. Part VII. 7 Charles VII. a mawmett, or a fals mawtuetrye, cubitalis est." med. ms. cakt. "A mawmentt, idolum, simulachrum. Mawmentry a mawment place a mawment wyrscheper," " SimulacJtrum a mawmet, or an ydoll.'' ortus. " ]\Iaumentry, &c. c.\TH. ang. liagucnaulde. M-dumeut, jnarmoset, poupee." palsg. " A maumet, j. a cliilds babe." gouldman. See Mawment in Brockett, and the Craven Dialect. 3 " Mawnde, ubi mete vesselle {escale.y cath. ang. Caxton says, in the Book for Travelleis, " Ghyselin the mande maker (corbillier) hath sold his vannes, his mandes " Manne, mande, a maunde, flasket, open basket, or pannier {corbilles) or corffes." haviiig handles." coTi;. This word is given by Ray, as used in the North, andnoticed likewise in tlie Craven Dialect. It is commonly used in Devon see Palmer's Glossary. Ang.-Sax. ma.-ad, corbis. It seems, as Spelman has suggested, that the Maunday, or dole distribute.l on Holy Thursday, derived its naine from the baskets wherein it was given, and not from the Latin mandatum, in allusion to the command of Christ, or from the French mendier. See a full account of the customs on this occasion in Brand's Popular Antiquities. " Maundy thursday, ievuedy absotv.'" palsg.
p. 14
;
;

xii.

2;

i.

FROMPTORIUM PARVULORUiM.
q^iod

331

MAKE, supra
s.)'

(may, or
f.

(Meynteyne, supra in maynteyn,

mache,

Mede, drynke. Medo, c. meUum, c. f. mulsum,

idor, et c. F.

idro-

Meyntynour, idem quod mayntynour, supra, et in alid sillabd.

(^Dpfensor, supportator,^

UG. in

rewarde. Premium, retribucio, merces. Medefulle. Meritorius. (Medewe, or mydewe, infra.

Meede,

Meyr. Major, pretor, prepositus. Meke. Humilis, mansuetus. Meke, and mylde, and buxum.

Pratum^ (Medvatowre, idem q^wdmeene,

et

Mekely.

Pius, clemens, henignus. Humiliter, pie, manor lownesse.

softenesse.

suete, suppliciter.

menowre, iufra.^
(or metycyne, infra.)

Mekenesse,
militas,

Hw
Man-

Medycyne
Medyn,
Medle,

Medicina,
or rewardyn.

Mekenesse, and
Munero,

suetudo, clemencia.

7'emunero. or mengynge to-gedur of dyuerse thyngys. Mixtura.

Mek Y

Jj,

or

make meke, and buxum.

or a-botchement
in

Humilio.

Mekkynge,
byynge
ment, k.

(Medle coloure, p. Mixtura.) Medlyn, or mengyn (menglyn,

Misceo. Medlyn, or entermetyn (intermentyn, p.) Intromitto.
s.)

(mekment, or bochemeckynge, h.) Am-

plificairLentum,

mentum,

cath. supplecath. augmentum, (^auctorium, cath. p.)

of
s.

Megyr, fysche.- Megurus. (Mehche, k. or fela, s. metche,

Par, compar.

Meel
p.)

p.)

mete (mele, or mete, Commestio, cibatus, ug.

et c. F.

(Meynprisyn,
prisyn, p.)

stipra

in

mayn-

Meele

pastus, refeccio, of corne growndyn'.

Fa-

rina,far, cath.

(Meynpresynge, supra in maynprisinge, k. meyme prysynge, s.)

Melodye. 3IeIodia, Melodyows. Melodiosus.

1 From the alphabetical position, it appears that maye should here be read maJje. In the Treatise of fishing with an Angle, in the St. Alban's Book, the foUowingaregiven as baitsforroachin July " The not worme, and mathewes, and maggotes, tyllMyghelmas." Sign. i. ij. Ang.-Sax. maSa, vermis. In the Northern Dialect a maggot is called a mauk see Brockett, Craven Glossary, and Jamieson. " A mawke, cimex, lendex, Mawky, cimicosus, tarmosus." cath. ang. " Tarmus, simax, a mawke." tarmus. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Tarma, vermis bladi, a mawke." ortus. 2 It is not clear whether this is to be considered as an obsolete and local name for the mackarel, megarus having been previously given as the Latin name for that fish ; The Maigre, Scicma aquila, Cuv. Umbra Rondeletii, Willughby, the cesee p. 321. lebrated delicacy of the Mediterranean, is a wandering fish, which occasionally has been taken on the coasts of Britain but the name here seems to be rather a corrupSee that word in Cotgrave. tion of the Latin, than derived from the French maiyre.
: ;

332

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
se^fe.Liq^ieo^CATH.

MELTE,be the
liquesco.

Mene
K.)

of a songe.

Intercentus,

Meltyn,

or

make

to

melte.

KYLW. (introcentus, s.) Meene, massvngere (massegere,

Liquo, CATH. liquido, cath.

Meltynge. Melwe, or
Maturus.

Liquefactio. rype (melowe, p.)

Meene,

Internuncius. or medyatowre (or menowre, infra.^ Mediator. Mene whyle. Interim.

Memoryal.

Memoryal

Memoriale. on a grawe, what so

Meenly
supra.

in

mesure (meneli, k.)

3Iediocriter, mensurate.

hyt be, in remembrawnce of a dede body (made in meend off Coded man or woman, s.) lossus, i. colens ossa, UG. in
colo.

Mengyn, idem quod medelyn,

(Mengynge,
mixtio^
s.

3Iixtura,

corii'

Membre,

or

lym.

Memhrwn
mencio, mens
or

Meny, of howsholde.' Familia. Menyn, or goon be-twene ij.

partyes for a-corde (goo a-twyx
for a-cord,

(artus, p.)

Mexde. Memoria,
(i'ecordacio, P.)

harl.

ms. 2274.)
or evyl.

Medio.

Meexde haver,
Memor. Meendfulle,

mendowre.

Menyn
tencio.

yn
a

herte, wel

Intendo, cath.

or of good meeude. Memoriosus c^ .(^memorosus, s.) Meene, myddys (medyl, H. p.) Medium.
i

Menynge,
Menkte,2

mannys purpos. In3Iixtus,

or medelyd.

commixtus.

This term, derived from the French maisnie or magnie, a family, troop, or the

suite of a great personage, in low Latin maisnada, or mansionata, is very frequently used by the old writers. Thus in the Wicliffite version, Job i. 3 is thus rendered

" His possessioun was seuene thousand of shep and ful meche meyne " (familia multa nimis,\\x\g.) See also R. Glouc. pp. 167, 180; Tyrwhitt's Glossary appended to Sir John Maundevile Chaucer, and his curious observations on " Hurlewaynes meyne." relates how the Great Chan, Changuys, riding " with a fewe meynee," was assailed by a multitude of his foes, and unhorsed, but saved by means of an owl. Voiage, p. 271. The term is used also to signify the set of chess-men, called in 'LdXm familia, as in the Wardrobe Book 28 Edw. I. p. 351 " una famiVia pro scaccario dejaspide et crisiallo." R. Brunne, in his version of Wace's description of the Coronation of Arthur, says that some of the courtiers " drew forth meyni; of tlie chequer." Caxton, in the Book of Travellers, says, " Grete me the lady or the damyselle of your hous, or of your her:

" A menje, domus, domiall your meyne (yostre maisnye.)'' Horman says, " I dare not cople with myn ennemyes, cilium,familia.'' cath. ang. great meny of men caa nat ones for my meyny (turmcE) be sycke and wounded. wagge this stone. Here cometh a great meny (/tirba.)" Palsgrave gives " Meny, a housholde, menye. Meny of plantes, plantaige. Company, or meyny of shippes,_/?o^^e. After a great shower of rayne you shal se the water slyde downe from the hylles, as thoughe there were a menye of brokes {vng tas de ruisseaux) had theirspringj there." Meni.te, ms. menkte, k. s. p. menged, w. Gouldman gives the verb " to mein, ijf rfe mingle." Ang.-Sax. mensan, miscere.
borough, your wyf, and

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

333

Menowre,

or medyatowre,

idem

Mercy.
acio.

Misericordia, propici-

quod mene.

Menour

frere, or frere menowre (menowre friyr', p.) Minor. Mensal knyfe, or borde knyfe.
3Iensalis.

Mercyfulle.

Misericors, propicius (propiciatus, p.) Mercyfully. Misericorditer. Mercyment, or a-mercyment

Mentel.
liiim.

Mantellus, clamis, palfysche.'

(ameercyment,

s.)

Multa,

c. f.

Menuce,
in sileo,

Silurus,
cinalis,

UG.

KYLW. Mercurye,
et

sterre.

3Iercurius.

menusa,

kylw.

Meercere.
narius, k.)

Marcerus

(^merce-

Mercury, herbe.- Mercurialis. Meere, horse. Equa. Mere, watur (mer, or see, water,
w.)

Meercery,

place or strete where mercerys syUyii hei-e ware (dwell Merceria. or sell, p.)
chaffare,

Mare.
ij.

Meer, marke be-twene

londys

(Mercery,

k.

h.

p.

(atwen to londys, k.)3 Meta, meri^, c. f. et UG. limes, c. f.

(divia,interjinium, k. diuisa, p.)

3Ie rcim onium.^

^ " Aforus est piscis, Amenxise." med, See the Equivoca of John de Gailandia, with the interpretations of Magister Galfridus, probably the same as the compiler of the Promptorium, where it is said " Mena est quidam piscis, Anglice a penke, or a menew penke, sic dictus a mena, Grece, quod lunaLatine; quiasecundumincrementi(m et decrementum tune sinyiilis mensibus crescit et decrescit.''' Ed. Pynson, 1514. The minnow is still called pink in Warwickshire, and some other parts of England see Gouldman gives " pisciculi minuti, small also Plofs Hist. Oxf. and Isaac Walton. fishes called menews or peers." 2 Gautier de Bibelesworth speaks of " mercurial de graunt valur," where the English name, given in the GIoss, is " suierewort." The ancient herbalists are diffuse in their accounts of the virtues of this plant it is stated by Dioscorides and other writers that the species mariparum and /teminiparum produced the effect of engendering male or female children. 3 In Norfolk, according to Forby, a Mara-balk, or mere, is a narrow slip of unploughed land, which separates properties in a common field. " Limes est callis et finis dividens agros, a meere. Bifinium, locus inter duosfi?ies, a mere, or ahedlande.'' med. Ms. CANT. " A meyre stane, bifinium, limes." cath. ang. In a decree, t. Hen.VI. relating to Broadway, Worcestershire, printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps, part of the boundaries of Pershore Abbey is described as the " mere dyche.'' In the curiousherbal, Arund. MS. 42, f. 55, it is said that " Carui groweJ> mykel in merys in pe feld, and In Sir Thos. Wharton's Letter to Hen. VIII. in 1543, in drye placys of gode erjpe." regarding the preservation of peace in the North country, is the recommendation " that all the meir grounddes of Yngland and Scotland to bee certanely knowne to the marchers, the inhabitauntes of the same." State Papers, v. 309. The verb to mere, to have a common boundary, occurs in another document, printed in the same collecLeland relates, Itin. vi. p. 62, that " Sir John see the Glossary in vol. ii. tion Dicons told me thatyn digging of a balke or mere yn a felde longgyng to the paroche of Keninghaul in Northfolk ther were founde a great many yerthen pottes yn order, cum Elyot gives " tei'minalis tajns, a. vaere stone, laide or pyghte cineribus mortuorum." Cardo, mere, or boundes which passeth through at the ende of sundry mens landes.
; :

334
Meresauce.^

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Mtiria, necc. Signum, carac-

Merke, tokyne.
ter,

^NIervelyn. 3Iiror, admiror. ^lEVi.\Ah\owsB.3Iirabilis,mirus.

UG.

Mervelyowse vnwerkynge.
ri/icus.

3Ii-

Merke

of bowndys, as dolys, and other lyke (siipra iii mere, p.)^

Messe
Messe,

Tramaricia, cath. (meta, w.)

of mete. or masse.

Ferculum.
Missa.

(Merke, or prykke, infra, 3Ieta.) Merkyd, or merkyn (ormorkyii,

infra; morkyn, k. P, tokenyd, w.) Signatus. Merkyn. Signo, consigno. Merkynge. Signacio.

Messboke.

Missale, ^nissalis. Mesty'f, hogge, or swyne.^ 3Iaialis, CATH. Mestyf, hownde,

Merlynge,
merJingus,

fyshe.

Gamarus,

comm.
(merlinge, p.)

Merlyone, byrd

Merulus, c. f. alietus, c. f. MERMAY'DYN.C<>'ra,5'e/?,CATH.

Mervale.

3Iirahile, jirodigium,

idem quod supra; et spartanu^, c. F. CATH. umber, kylw. Meysten, ide-m qtcod mastyn. Mestly'one, or monge corne (or dragge,supra ; mestilione, corne, K. mongorne, s.)^ 3IixtiIio, bigermen, UG. in bis. Mesurably. Mensurate (momastyf,
derate, p.)

portentum, niirura.

" To cast a meer with a plough, the field." Tlie following words occur in Gouldman urbo. A meer, ov mairk, ier?ninus, meta, limes. A meer stone, . Bound." Ang.-Sax. meare, Jinis. ' " !\Iere sauce for flesshe, sai'lmure." palsg. The Anglo-Saxon name for pickle, or brine, was morode in old French mure, " Saulmure, pickle, the brine of salt the liquor of flesh, or fish pickled, or salted in barrels, &c." cotg. 2 See the note on the word dole, p. 12G. ^ See the note on the word mast hog, or mastid swyne, according to the reading of In the Cathohcon maialis is exphiined to be " purcus domesticits the Cambridge MS. et pinguis, carens testiculis;'' to which is added in the Ortus, " a bargh hogge." The Winchester MS. agrees here in the reading mestyf, otlierwiseit might have been conjectured that it shouki have heen written mestyd hogge the derivation in either case being apparently from the Ang.-Sax. msestan, saginare. Skinner supposes that the word mastiff, denoting a dog of unusual size, is also thence derived but it seemsmore probable that it was taken from the old French mestif, which, according to Cotgrave, In the Craven Dialect a great dog is still called a masty. signified a mongrel. * Meslin-bread, made with a mixture of equal parts of wheat and rye, was, according to Forby, formerly considered as a delicacy in the Eastern counties, the household loaf being composed of rye alone. The mixed grain termed maslin is commended by Tusser. It was used in France in the concoction of beer, as appears by the regulations for the brewers of Paris, 1254, who were to use " grains, c^estH savoir, d'orge, de mestiiet, et de dragee.^' Rrglements, t. Louis IX. ed. Depping, p. 29. In 1327, it appears by the almoner's accounts at Ely that five quarters of mesling cost 20s. and two quarters of corn 9s. Ad. Stevenson's Supp. to Bentham, p. 53. In 1466 Sir John Howard paid, amongst various provisions for his " kervelle" on a voyage to " Sprewse, for a combe of mystelon, ij.*. vj.rf." Household Expenses, presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 34". See also a letter, about 14B2, in the Pastou Correspondence, V. 292. In the Inventory of Merevale Abbey, taken in 1538, occurs " grayne at the
:

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

335

Mesure
sura.

(or met, infra.)

Men-

sure, or scantlyon, s.)'

c. F.

Amona,
s.)

{et

non annonct,

Mesure,

yn' manerys. Temperancia, moderacio, modi/icacio, mediocritas. Mesure of mete, of lycorys, as

pottys,

(Metche, or Meete, fode.

peere, infra.

Par.)

and

o])er lyke.

Metreta,

Cihus, esca, prandium, epuhcm, epule. Mete, or fyt, or evene (meet, and feyt, or evyn, s.)^ Equus.

CATH.

Metycyne^ (medycyn,
in vse of cloysterrys (sic)

or
in

niet-

Mesure,

nedefulle thyngys (mesure, and

Medicina. Metesytel, to kepe

tecyn, s.)

wyse governawnce of clothys, and mete, and nedeful thyngys,

s.)

(metfyttyl, or almary,
fetyll, or

Friigalitas.

c. F.

almery, p,)-* UG. in ciJleo.

mete mete Cibutum,

k.

Mesuryd
suratns.

wythe mesure.

Men-

Metel. MetaUum. Mete yevare (mete^evare,

Dapsilis, dapaticus, UG. v. in

K.)

MESURYDynmanerys. Moderatiis. Mesuryd yn' qualyte. Temporatus.

Mesuryn,

or metyn.

Mensuro,

mencior, cath.

Mesuryn

yn vertu. Modijico, modero. Met, idem quod mesui*e, supra

(mette,
s. p.)

A. corne. Panicium, cath. {calamus mensure, dicit c. f. s.) Metetabyl, that ys remevyd whan mete ys done. Cillaba, cath. Metyn to-gedyr yii wey or place.

Mete

Obvio.

Meet
(mete, or me-

Met,

scantylyon'

wythe an el wande wonde, K.) Ulno, dicc.

(ehi-

monastery, myskelen, xij. strykes." At the dinner given in 1561 to the Duke of Norfolk by the Mayor of Norwich, there were provided " xvj. loves white bread, iv.^. xviij. loves wheaten bread, '\x,d. iij. loves mislin bread, iij.r/." Leland, Itin. vi. xvij. Caxton says, in the Book for Travellers, that " Paulyn the meter of corne hath so moche moten of corne and of mestelyn {mestelon) that he may no more for age.'' Plot states that the Oxfordshire land termed sour isgoodfor wheat and "miscellan," namely, wheat and rye mixed. Hist. Oxf. p, 242. In the Ortus, mixfilio is rendered " medeled corne ;" in Harl. ISIS, 1587, " mastcleyne." " Mastil^one, bigermen, mixtilio.^' cath. ANG. Palsgrave gives " mestlyon corne," and " masclyne corne " and Cotgrave " Tramois, meslin of oats and barlie mixed. Meteil, messling, or misslin, wheat and See dragge, menglyd corne, p. 130. rie mingled, sowed, and used together." " A mette, inensura, metreta, et proprie vini, metron Grece.'" cath. ang. 1 In the Northern Dialect met still sig*' Amona dicitur calamus mensure.^'' ortus. See scantlyon, or scanklyone. Equissium. nifies a measure. 2 for evene, ms. Mete orevyn, k, 3 Medycynk, ms. metecyne, h. p, * Cubitum, MS, In the Medulla cibutum is rendered "a mete whycche." See Almery, p. 10. Possibly the long chest, such as is frequently termed a bacon-hutch, Ang.-Sax. setl, sedile. is here intended, as it niight serve also the purpose of a bench A settle is, however, properly the high-backed bench placed near the fire. See Forby,
;

CAMD. SOC.

2x

336

PRO^rPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
londe, or
set

Meete

bowndys.

Mevyn,
inj]-a.)

or

MetO, CATH.

remevyn (or remown, Amoreo.

or
sterynge.

Metynge Metyxge
suracio.

to-gedyr.

Obviacio.

Mevyxge,
Mychare.2
ticulus,
'

3Iotus,

wythe mesurys.

3Ien-

mocio, commocio.

Metyr. Jletrmn. (Metwande, ideni

Capax, cath. cleps

c. f.

man-

vel cleptes,

quocl jerde, infra; met wonde, k. p. Ulna.y

or steryn.

cath. furunculus, in P.

erro, ug. v.

Mevyn,
1

Moveo.

Mychekyxe.^

Pastilla.

Stowe asserts that Hen. I. reformed tlie measures, and fixed the 7dna by the length own arm, " and now the same is called a yard, or ametwand." " A meat-wand, "A meate-wand, rerge par le moyen de laquelle on mesure virgaJ''' gouldman. In Levit. xix. 35, menmcra, Vnlg. is quelque longiieur ou distancey sherwood. Ang.-Sax. met-geard. Palsgrave rendered, in Coverdale's Bible, a " meteyarde." gives the verb, " I measure clothe with a yerde, or mette yerde.^' A mychare 2 Tapax, MS. as also Mychery, Tapacitas, and Mychyn, Tapio. seems to denote properly a sneaking thief. Gower thus describes secretum latrocinium:
of his

" With couetise yet I finde A seruant of the same kinde, Which stelth is hote, and micherie With hym is euer in company."
See also Towneley Myst. pp. 216, 308, and the

Hye way

to the Spyttell house.

" Mychers, hedge crepers, fylloks and luskes, That all the somer kepe dyches and buskes."
It signifies also

Ed. Utterson,
:

ii.

11.

one who commits any sneaking, mean, or miserly act and, according Horman says, " He strake hym through the syde with a dager, to Nares, a truant. and ranne away like a mycher {latibundus aufugif.) He is a mychar {vagus, non dis" Micher, a lytell thefe, larronceav. colus ;) a rennar awey or a mychar (//'^//irw6-.)" Michar, bvissonnier.'^ palsg. " Dramer, to miche, pinch, dodge, to use, dispose of, or deliver out things by a precise weight, as if the measurer were afraid to touch them, Senaud, a Vilain, a churle, also a miser, micher, pinch pennie, penny father. &:c. craftie lacke, or a rich micher, a rich man that pretends himselfe to be very poore. Caqueduc, a niggard, Caqueraffe, a base micher, scuruie hagler, lowsie dodger, &c. micher," &c. cotg. " To mich in a corner, (7e/;7e'0. A micher, r/rfeTruant." gouldm. Tusser uses the term micher, which is not given in the East-Anglian Glossaries. 3 Chaucer uses the term mitche, R. of Rose, 5.585, where it is explained by Tyrwhitt The old French word miche, and Latin as signifying a manchet, a loaf of fine bread. " Mica mica, or mic/iia, signify, according to Roquefort and Ducange, a small loaf. poniiur pro pune modico qui fit in curiis maynatorurn vel in 7nonasteriis." cath. Hearne gives in the notes to the Liber Niger, p. 654, a quotation from the Register of Oseney, 52 Hen. III, wherein mention occurs of magnte michice, of the bisa and sala michia ; and Spelman cites a document which describes " albos panes, vocatos michis." In 1351 Robert, Abbot of Lilleshall, granted " viij. rnagnas micas majoris po7ideris de and a corrody is enregistered in the Leiger ;9aMe conren/?^* " to Adam de Kaukbury Book of Shrewsbury Abbey, by which Abbot Lye granted, inl5()8, tohissister, " viij. vn/yaritcr myches vocatos," &.C. Blakeway's Hist. ii. 12.9. Mychepanes conve^ifualfs KYNE seems to be merely a diminutive. " Pasfilla, a cake, craknell, orwyg.'" ortus.
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

337
k.

MycHERY.
tus,

Capacitas, maiiticulafurttdum, cath. cleptura. smale

iNlYGHTY (mihti,

myhty,

s.)

(Mychvn, p. 3IanticuIo.) Mychyn, or pryuely stelyn

thyngys.^ Surripio, CATii.cIepo, c. F. capio, c. F. furtulo (^capaxo, h. manticulo, iiarl. ms.

2274.)

Fortis, potens, vigorosus. Myghtyly (mihtih, k. myhtyly, s.) Fortiter, potenter, valide, vigorose.

Mykyl. Multus. Myllare. Molendinarius. Myllarys thowmbe, fysche

Mylche,
(millathowme, fishe, k.) Capito. or mylte (or spleen, Splen, cath. lactis, infra.) proprie mylche. Mylche, or mylke of a cowe.

M.YDi)AY.Me7'idies, mesimbria,c.F. Mydewe, or medewe. Pratum. Myddyl, of J)e waste of raannys body. Vastitas,CATU. astrosea. Myddyl, of a donghylle.- Forica. Myddys, or the myd part of a
thjTige.

Lac.

Medium.
of a
beste

Mylche cowe.
(midr\Tn,

Mydryf
2274.)

K. h. s. p.

myddryn, harl. ms. Diafragma, diafragidem quod myddys,

men, dicc.

Mydward,
supra.

Bassaris, vel vacca mulsaria, c. f. Myyld, and buxum. Piiis, henignus, ma^isuetus, supplex. Myldew. Uredo, c. f. a{u)rugo, cath. erugo, c. f. Myle. Miliare, miliarium, c. f.
(^leuca, K.)

(Mydwe, supra in mydow, s.) Mydwyfe. Ohstetri.v. Mygreyme, sekenesse (migrym,

K. midgrame, h. mygrene, s. midgrjTn, p.)^ Eraigranea. Myghte (mihte, k. myhtte, s.) Fortitudo, vigor, potencia.

Mylle. Molendinum, c. f. Myllyfoly, herbe. Millefolium,

sanguinaria, cath.

Myllehowse.
lendinum,

Molendina, moMolaris.

c. F.

Myllestone.

1 A distinction is here made in Pynson's and the other editions of the Promptorium. Mychyn. Manticn/o. Mychyn, or stelyn pryuely. Surripio, clepo, capaxo. ' The reading of the Winch. MS. is Myddyl, or dongyl, so termed possibly from its

position in the fold-yard. In the North the Ang.-Sax. middinj;, sterquilinium, is a term still in use, as in the Towneley Myst. p.30. " Fumarium, myddyng." Roy. MS. " middynge, sterquilinium." cath. ang. The following lines occur 17 C. XVII.

in a

poem, where man

is

exhorted to contemplate heaven and

hell,

the world, and sin

-.

"

fuler

mydding of

vilonie,

Saw thou neuere in londe of pes, Than thou art with in namely, Than hastow matere of pride to cesse."
3

Add. MS. 10,053,

'

p. 146.

" Emigranem, vermis capiiis, j4nfflice the mygTYne, or the hede worme. ortus. " t>e emygrane, emigraneus. \>e mygrane, ubi emigrane." cath. ang. " Migrym, Remedies are given in Arund. ]MS. 42, a sickenesse, chagrin, maigre."' palsg.
f.

105,

V.

338

PROMPrOKIU.M PARVULORUM.
01-

Mylle trow,
troughe,
or

benge
sic,

(mill
p.)'

K. p.) Minister,famuhis, servus,

beiigge,

Farricapsa.
supra. Mylke mete, or mete made wythe mylke. Lactatum, cath. (Jacidein quodm\\c\\e,

Mynte, herbe. Minta. Myntyn, or amyn towarde,

assayen (mvntyn, wor, or assayen, h.
Atternpto.
s.'''

Mylke,

forto or ame top. sayyn, s.)-

ticinium, p.)

Mylke
vel

stop, or payle.

3Iultra,

Minera.) (Mynure, (Minute of an howur, K. s.

nuta.)

3Ii-

multrum, cath. MyLKYN. Mulgeo, CATH. Mylte, idem quod mylche, supra. Myynde, idem quod meende.

Myracle, Miracuhim. Myre, or mai*yce. Labina,

palus,

c. F.

CATH.
chere.

Mynyn' of songys (mynym,HARL.

MS. 2274, P.) Minima. Myxstral (or gluman, supra.) Ministraulus (histrio, p.) Mynstralsye (or gki, supra.) Musica, organicAim.

Myry' yn

Letus,jocundus,

jocosus, hillaris. Myryly'. Gaudenter,hiIIariter,

letanter (^jocose, p.)

Myry

(miritotyr, K.)"* Oscilluni,

et c. F.

tottyr, chylderys game cath.

or
softe

Mynstre,

chyrche. Monasterium.

My'n\'ster, servawnt (ormynster.

See

Myry

weder,

weder

BEXGERE of a mylle, p. 31. " Faricapsa, an lioper." ortus. " I mente, I gesse or ayme to hytte a thynge that I shote or throwe at, le esme. I dyd uient at a fatte bucke, but I dyd hyt a pricket." palsg. Forby gives " mink, miat, to attempt. Alem. meiuta, intentio.^'' See Brockett's Glossary, and Jamieson, v. mint, signifying to aim at, to have a mind to do something. Ang.-Sax. myntan, disponere. 3 Minera, according to Joh. de Garlandia, is a vein of ore, a mine or, as Upton uses the word, a mine formed duriug a siege. Mil. Oflf. i. c, 3.
^

* Chaucer, in the ]\Iiller's Tale, puts the following taunt into the mouth of the Smith, who awakes Absolon, bidding him seek vengeance for the ill success of his aniour
:

" What
Tyrwhitt prints

you ? some gay girle, God it wote, Hath brought you thus on the merytote." Cant. T. 3768.
eileth

word

Speght, in his Glossary, explains the from a beam for the amusement of meritot, or merry trotter, in his Sports and Pastimes, Strutt mentions the p. 226, and in the Orbis Sensualium of Comenius it is given under the sports of boys, who are represented " swinging themselves upon a merry-totter, super petaurum se ayitantes et oscillantes.'''' Ed. Hoole, c. cxxxvj. Skinner gives this word on the authority of the Diction. Angl. 1658, and supposes it to be of French derivation, from virer and tost, quickly. In the Cath. Ang. the word is tnice given, under the letter M. mery Merytotyr, oscillitm, petaiirus ;" and again under the letter T. " Totyr, petaurus, etc. ubi a mere totyr." Palsgrave gives " Tyttertotter, a play for chylih-e, balenchoeres.'' See the Craven Glossary, v. Merry-totter, and Brand's Popular Antiqu. See hereafter totyr, or myry totyr, and the verb wawyn, or waueryn yn a myry totyr, oscillo. According to Forby to tilter, or titter-cum-totter, signifiesin Norfolk to ride on each end of a balanced plank.
children.

' npon the viretote." this line as signifyiug a swing, oscillum, suspended

"A

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(mery weddyr,
c, F.
s.)^

339
kynde.

3Ialacia,
ii. s.

Myschapyn' yn
struosus.

Mon-

Myrke,
darke,

or dyrke (thirko, k.
p.)-'

Myschape

Obscurus, tenehrosus {opacus, p.) dorkenesse Myrkexesse, or

(thirkenes,
k.
p.)

kynde. thj-nge yn Monstruosus monstrum. My^schawnce, idem quod my,

thyrknesse,

s.

Mysel,

derkenesse,

Tenebrositas,
jocunditas,
glasse.

sawnter (or myschefe, s. p.) or mesel, or lepre. Leprosus.

obscuritas, tenebre.

Myrthe.
gaudium.

Leticia,
or

Myselrye, or lepre. Lepra. Myschap, idem quod myschaunce

(or mysawnter, supra, or onhap, infra; mishef, k. myschef, h. myshap, s.) Myshappy, or vnhappy. Infor-

Myrowre,

myrowre
or

Speculum.

Mysawxter,
aventure.
k.

myscheve (mis-

myschefe, s.) Infortunium, disfortunium.

p.

Myse,

tunatus, disfortunatus. or mysys."^ Mice, in plur.

1 Merry is not infrequently used by the old writers in the sense of pleasant. Ang.In the version of Vegecius, attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18 Sas. va-^T'v^,jucu7idus. A. XII. it is observed that wise warriors in olden times used to " occupie theire foot menne in dedes of armes in the felde ia mery wedire, and vndre roof in housing ia Again, precaution is recommended at sea against unsettled fowle wedre." B. iii. c. 2. weather, and the diversity of places, " the whiche maketh ofte of mery wedre grete tempestes, and of grete tempestes mery weder and clere.'' B. iv. c. 38. The arms borne by the name of Merewether are to be classed with the armoiries parlantes namely, Or, three martlets sable, on a chief azure a sun in splendour the martlet being, as it was supposed, an omen of fair weather. " This word occurs in Brunne's version of Langtoft, Chaucer's Rom. of R. p. 176 the Vis. of Piers Ploughman Awntyrsof Arthure, 68; Towneley Myst. p, 16?. V. 5339 In a description of hell, in Add. MS. 10,063, p. 136, the following passage occurs :
;
;

" Synne shal

to endeles
is

payne the lede

In helle, that

hidous and merke.

Ther

is

stynk, and

smoke a-mong,

And
" Mirke,

merkenesse, more than euer was here."

lucis alienacio, chaos, &c.

A mirknes, ablucinaeio, i. ater, caliginosus, fuscus, obscurus, umbrosus. To make or to be mirke, tenebrare, nigrere.^' cath. ang. " Myrke, or darke, brun, obscur. I myrke, I darke, or make darke (Lydgat), le See Brockett, Craven Glossary, and Jamieson, Ang.-Sax. mirc, obscurcys.^^ palsg. tenebrce. See therke, hereafter. 3 This term apparently denotes crumbs or grated particles of bread, called in French " Mica, reliquie panis, vel quod cadit de pane dum frangitur et mies, or mioches. In the Book of Cookery, written 1381, comeditur, Hif-c. a crome of brede." ortus. and printed by Pegge with the Forme of Cury, it is directed to take onions, " and " myce hem ri^t smal," as also to " myse bred," &c. pp. 93, 9.i. The participle " myyd occurs in Sloane MS. 1986, f. 85, and other passages, and signifies grated bread, which, as it has been observed in the note oa the verb grate, p. 207, was much used
in ancient cookery.

340

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
as

Myssyn,

epie for dyranesse

Caligo.

(roky,

K. H.

s.)

Nehulosus,

(as eyen, h. iyen, p.)

Myssyx, orwantyn. Careo, catu. Myst, or rooke (roke, K. H. s. p.)

CATH. utrumque UG. in nicho. Mystery', or prevyte. 3Iisterium.
Niihilum., c. F. nebula,

(Mysterynge,
inj^ra in

Mysty,
vk"}tte.

or musterynge, romelynge.) or prevey to mannys

as wedur, Ohnuhilo. Mystere, or nede (mistyr, p.)' Indigencia, ojms. Mystlyone, supra in mestlyone. Bigermen, uo. in bis, mi,vtilio. Mysvsyn. Ahutor, uo. in utor. Mynute (myte, k. harl. ms.

cath. MYSTY(N),or grow roky

and mysty,

Mysty,

or

Misticus. rooky,

2274, P.)"

Minutum.

as

the eyre

MYTEYNE(or cuffe,glove, siqjra.Y

1 " A mister, uli a nede. A nede, necessitas, necesse, opns,'^ &c. catu. axg. Roquefort gives the following explanatioQ of the French word, whence this appears to " Mester, mestier besoin, ntcessaire,'^ &c. Chaucer uses the word " misbe taken tere," signifying need, as of daily food, in the comparison between the wealthy miser and the poor mau R. of Rose, v. 5614 and again, in the sense of requiring the serSee see the address of Love to False Semblant, ib. v. 6"078. vices of any one Towneley Myst. pp. 90, 234, and Jamieson, r. Mister. - The position of this word in the alphabetical arrangement would indicate that the Mynute was, however, used reading of the Cambridge MS. is here to be preferred. synonymously with mite, as appears by the passage in the Wicliffite version, Mark xii. Gouldman gives " a minute, 42, quoted in the note on cu, halfe a farthynge, p. 106. It is said in the Ortus, " minufmn est or q. which is half a farthing, minutuin." quoddam genus ponderis, scilicet media pars quadrantis ;" and a distinction appears to " A myte, mita a myte, quod est pondus, mibe made in the foUowing citation nutum." CATH. AXG. Palsgrave gives " myte, the leest coyne that is, pite," which was a little piece struck at Poitiers, Pictavina, and of the value of half an obole ; and Sherwood renders " Mite (the smallest of weights, or of coine) Minute ; aussi, vne There is no evidence that any coin of such value }}etite piece de monnoye non tysitee." was ever struck in England, but small foreign pieces may have been circulated, such as the Poitevine, or the " dyner of Genoa," which also, according to R. Hohne, was worth half a farthing. Acad. of Arm. B. iii. c. 30. Roquefort explains mite as signifying a Flemish copper coin but, according to Ducange, the value of the Flemish mita was four oboU. It is, however, possible that fractional parts of the silver penny or farthing might occasionally pass as mites thus entries frequently occur in the Accounts of the Keeper of St. Cuthberfs Shrine, during the XVth cent. as cited by Raine, respecting pecunia ;" and the petition of the Commons ia 1444, 23 Hen. VI. complains '^ fracta of the great injury that arose from the division of coin, for want of small currency, and craves that the breaking of white money be forbidden under a heavy penalty. Rot. Parl.
:

V. 109. 3 " Mita ORTUS. "

pilum frigium, or a myttane. Mantus, a myteyn, or a mantell." mytane, mitta, mitana.'' cath. axg. In the curious dictionary of John de Garlandia it is said that " cirothecarii decipiunt scolares Parisius (sic) vendendo cirothecas simplices, et furratas pellibus agninis, cuniculinis, vulpinis, et mictas " Mita.t, Gallice de corio factas." The foUowing explanation is given in the gloss mitanes {mitheines, al.) a mitos, quod estfilum, quia primo fiebant defilo vel de j)anno It is said in the Catholicon that laneo, et adhucfiimt aviilgo.'' MS. Bibl. Rothom. " a manus dicitur maiitus, quia manus teyat tantuni, est enim brevis amictus," &c.
est

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
3Iitta, Dicc.
C. F.

341
(modyrsleere,

mancus, cath.

et

MoDYR QWELLARE
K.)

Matricida.

(Myhth, h. might, p. Fortitudo.) (Myhthy, h. mighty, p. Fortis,

potens, vigorosus.)

MoDUR QWELLYNGE.
dium.

Matrici-

MoDYR woRTE,
worte, infra.)

(Mythyly, h. Fortiter.) MYTRE(or mytir, p.) Mitra, tiara. Mytryd. Mitratus. Mytryn. Mitro. MoDY, or angry, supra in A. MoDYFYYN, or settyfi yn mene
cowrse of resone (settyn in cure or reason, p.)' Modifico.

hcrbe (or mugArtemesia.

MoYST. Humidus. MoYSTYN, or make moyste.

mecto.

Hu-

MoYSTURE. Humor. MocKE, or mokke.^ Cachin(ri)a. MocKE, or skorne. Valgia.

MoKKE londe wythe donge.

infinio.

Finio,

Moder,

servaunte,
s.)-

or

wenche

(moddyr,
genitrix.

MooDER, forthe

Carisia, cath. bryngere. Mater,

MoKE

vynys.

Pastino,

comm.

MoKKYN,

or iapyn, or tryfelyn. Ludijico, c. F.

MOODUR
pilla.

IN LAWE.
chylde.

SocruS.

MoLDALE

(molde

ale,

a.y

Po-

MoDERLES

PupiUus, pu-

tacio funerosa, vel funer{ci)lis,

UG. infos.

the primary sense of this Latin term being a short garment or mantle. In the minute description of the garb of the Ploughman are mentioned his " myteynes " made of cloutes, with the fingers " for-werd," or worn away see Creed of Piers P. v. 851. Amongst the feigned miraculous gifts whereby the Pardoner in the Cant. Tales states that he turned to account the credulity of his hearers, one was a mitaine
; :

" He

He

that his hand wol put in this mitaine, shal have multiplying of his graine."

Cant. T.

v.

12307.

In 1392 Rich. Bridesall, merchant, of York, bequeaths " meum magnum dowblet, et meum mytans de d'orre, et meum dayardum.'" Test. Ebor. i. p. 174. ' This verb is placed in the MSS. as likewise in the printed copies, between moorDERYN and MORYN. " I modefyc, I temperate, le me modifie, and le me trempe. What thoughe he speke a hastye worde, you muste modyfye your selfe." palsg. 2 The term mauther has been recognised as peculiarly East-Anglian by Sir Thos. Browne, Spelman, Forby, and Moor. It is used by B. Jonson. Tusser, in his list of husbandly fumiture, includes "a sling for a mother (moether, al. ed.) a bow for a boy," intended for driving away birds, as he advises, in September's husbandry, to set " mother or boy " to scare away pigeons and rooks from the newly-sown land, with " Puera, a woman chylde, callyd in Cambrydge shyre a loud cries, sling, or bow. modder. Pupa, a yonge wenche, a gyrle, a modder." elyot. " Baquelette, a young wench, mother, girle. jPi7/e, a maid, girle, modder, lasse," &c. cotg. "A modder, " A modder, wench or girl, puera, pupa." JiUette,jeune garse, garsette." sherw. GOULDM. Compare false modder, or wenche, p. 148. Dan. moer, Belg. modde,jowe//a. 3 Possibly the correct reading should here be mocke, or mowe. See mowe, or skorne. See the account of funeral entertainments in Brand's Popular Antiquities. Wine or ale sweetened and spiced was termed mulled, as Skinner supposes, from the Latia

342

PRO^rPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
of paste (moldare of

MooLDARE

MoxE,

planete.

Luna, phehes,
et c. f.

bred, k. p.) Pistriciis, pistrica, pistrio, CATH. UG. pistrLv, UG.

vel fehes,
s.)

cath.

MoNc; coRNE (supra mmestlyon,

3IuvtiUo.

MoLD, forme. Ditca. MooLD, orsoyle of erttie.

humiis.

Soliim,

MOXGE
pjhanta,

PRESAWXTE.2 Sichocath. c. f. et UG.

Pecunia,
moneta,

MooLD
MooLDE

for

belle, or

a potte.

MoxY.

peoJ)er

Ejfigies,

KYLW.

Pinso, cath. et breed. VG. pisto, CATH. jjistrio, cAth. pindo, UG. V. MooLDYNGE of paste. Pistura,

cidium, cath. MoxYMEXT, or charterys, or

lyke.
s.

Munimentum (monumen,
p.)

monuraentum,

MoxYOx, or monyfijor bry(n)ge to

mynde (monyj-uge, or moynynge, h. mouyn, p.) Commemoro. MoxYOWRE. JVummularius, monetarius, c. f. erarius.

ducamen.

MoLLE. Talpa. MoLEYXE, herbe.

Tapsus,

c. f.

barhascus,vel tapsus harha.scus.

MoLET,

f\-sche.

MuUus,

c. F. et

MoxYTHE.
MoppE, MooRE,

UG. in moUis.

MoLOWRE,
c. F.

colourys, K.)

gryndyiige stone (for Jlola, cath. et

MoRE

3Iensis. or popyne.3 Pupa, pusio. or maryce. 3Iariscus. of the fenne. Palmtrum,

palustre.
or awnte,

supra in A. Ameta, p.) (faders suster.' (MoME, or aunte, moders syster, p. Matertera, cath.) MooNE, or mornynge, idem quod waymentynge, infra in V. (or
waylynge,
infra
;

MoME,

Moord(e)rare (morederar, K. p.)

Sicarius,

cath.

et c. f.

Morderyd.

Sicariatus. iNIooRDERYX, or prively kyllyn. Sicario.

MooRDERYXGE.
cariatus, c. e. INIORE. PIus.

Sicciriacio,

si-

morne,

s.

Lamentacio.)
mollitum
;

concoction.
'

but more probably from the muUed or powdered condiments essential to the Compare mullyx, or breke to powder. " Molle, pulver,''' H^-e. cath. axg. Island. mil, in minutas partes tundo ; prater. mulde. MoNE, MS. Compare Teut. moeme, Germ. muhme, mafertera. 2 " Sichofanta, i.falsus calumniator, rel vilium rerum appefifor.'' cath. " Maunche

present, briffavlt. I manche, I eate gredylj^e. Are you nat ashamed to manche (briffer) your meate thus lyke a carter ? I monche, I eate meate gredyly in a corner, ie loppine,''' &c. PALSG. Bp. Kennett gives " to munge, to eat greedily AVilts.'' Lansd. MS. " " Brifaut, a hasty devourer, a 1033. manch-present, dorophagus.'" gouldm. fast eater, a ravenous feeder, a greedy glutton.'' cotg. ^ MoppE signifies here a child's doll, formed of rags, as popyn is explained hereafter to be a " chykle of clowtys." Nares gives it as a term of endearment to a girl, " as moppet is used in Suffolk, according to Moor. little mopse, puellula." GOULDM. In the Sevyn Sages, v. 1414, the foolish burgess who went from his home to seek a wife is said to have gone forth " as a moppe wihl," where the word is explained by Weber as signifying a fool.
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MoRE, yn quantyte.' Major. MoRE, in qualyte. Magis. MoREYX, of pestylens. Mortalitas, pestilencia, pestis.

343
largyii

MoRYN, and
makyn more
amplijico.

(moryn, or

large, k.) Ainplio,

MoRYN,

or

yncresyn.-^

Augeo,

MoREL,

herbe.
horse.2

Morella, sola-

CATH. adangeo.

trurn, vel

MoREL, MoRFU, MoRYN,

H.)

herha Saticte Marie. Morellus. sekenesse. Morpliea. or make more (mooryn, Majoro.

MoRYVE MoRKYN
MoRMAL,

(morryve,
(or

morkinge, p.)

s.)-* Dos. merkyd, suj^ra; Signatus.

sekenesse.^

Malum

mortuum.

This comparative frequently signifies large dimension, and not number. Thus in Alis. v. 6529, the rhinoceros is described as " more than an olifaunt ;" and iu the Wicliffite version it is used to express superior, by priority of birth where it is said that Isaac knew not Jacob, " for J>e heery hondis espressiden ^e licnesse of )>e more son." Gen. xxvii. 23. In the Version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. XVIII. A. 12, the heavy-armed troops are said to have had two kinds of darts, " one of the more assise, theother of thelasse " the " pile," which measured 51 feet in length, and the " broche,"
^

Kyng

which was shorter by two feet. So likewise in the Golden Legend the " more letauye,'' on St. Mark's day, is distinguished from the " less letanye, iij. days to fore the Ascension.'' It is occasionally retained in names of places, as More Critchill, Dorset, probably so called by way of distinction from Long Critchill, and other neighbouring hamlets. The rebus, or canting device of the Mortons of Bushbury, Herefordshire, repeatedly used amongst the ornaments of the chantry founded by one of that family ou the south side of the church, is a tun inscribed with the initial of his Christian name, the syllable Mor being, as it would seem, expressed by the supposed dimension of the tun, or its proportion to the scutcheon whereon it is placed. - ;l/cire//MS is explained by Ducange as meaning subfuscus ; so likewise Roquefort gives ^'morel; noir, tanne, tirant sur le brun." According to Cotgrave cheval niorel is a black horse. In the Towneley Mysteries, p. 9, " Morelle '' occurs as the name of one of the horses yoked to Cain's plough, 3 Gower describes the glowing blush which restored beauty to the features of Lucrece, on meeting her husband, " so that it myght not be mored." Conf. Am. vii. In the curious metrical version of the most ancient grants to St. Edmund's Bury, preserved in the Register of Abbot Curteys, the following lines occur in the Charter of Canute " Bexample of whom (St. Edraund) I Knut am gretly mevyd, To the holy martyr I wyl that al men se, That his chirche be fraunchised and relevyd, Moryd and encresyd as fer as lyth in me.''
:

Horman, amongst the passages from Terence, gives the following "He dredith lest thy olde angyr or hardnes be mored or incresyd.'' * Compare Ang.-Sax. morjan-gifu, dos nuptialis. In La^amon " morjeue " occurs in this sense, ed. Madden, iii. 249, and " mcerjeue" ii. 175, which is in Wace's original " douaire." See Hickes, Thes. i. p, ix. Pref. and Wachter, v. Morgengabe. * Chaucer, in the Prologue to Cant. T. v. 388, describes the Cook as afflicted with " a mormal," or gangrene on his shin, called in Latin rnalum mortuum, and in old French mauxmorz. Remedies for the mortmal may be found in Arund. MS, 42, and in Sloane MS, 100, f. 58, v, a compound is described of litharge of f, 105, gold, oil of roses, white wine, old urine, &c. which formed "a plastre hat William Faryngdoun knyjt lete a squyer bat was his prisoner go quyt of his raunsum fore. This
:

CAMD.

SOC.

2 V

344

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORU^r.
sorowyn.

MooRNYN, and
gemo, CATH.

Mereo,

MoRTERE,

for for

wallys makynge.
playsterjTige
(to
f.

Cementum.

MooRNYNGE,or sorwpige.iH/eror,
luctus, gemitus.

MoRTER,
et

playster with, k.)

Litiira, c.

MoRNYNGE, or morwenynge (morwyn, K. H. morwynge, s, mornynge, or niorowe, p.) Mane, aurora, diluculum, c. F. lucanum, c. F. matuta, cath. matutimim ( mututina, p.J MoROW speche (morwespeche, K. II. morspech, s.)' Crastinum
colloquium.

CATH.

in lino.

MoRTRWYS,

dyschmete

(mor-

trews, K. morterew^s, s.)-

Pe-

2ionum, apilois, kylw. pepo, mortaricium. MoRow, idem quod mornynge,

supra (morwyn,
Lucifer,

k.

morwe,

h.)"^

MoROW^ STERRE(morwpistere,K.)
MossE,
cath. in vesper. a-mongy's growynge stonys. 3Iuscus, cath. ug. in marceus. MoosLE, or mosul for a nette
(mosle, or mosyl, s.)
Oristri-

MoRTAGONE,
3Iartis.

herbe.

Herha

MoRTEYs
MoRTER,

of a tenowne (morteys or

tenon, p.) Gumphus, dicc. et KYLW. incastratura, kyl%v.

vesselle

of stampynge

(champynge, s.) Mortarium, BRiT. mortariolum, brit.

plastre wole hele a mormal, in the Book for Travellers,

gium (^promossida est idem, s.) MooTE, of an horne blowynge (mot,

K.)^ Cornatus, classicum,CATH.

and cancre, and festre, and alle ojiere sooris." Caxton says, " Maximiau the maistre of phisike canhele dropesye,blody " INIormall, (or marmoU,) a sore, lovp." palsg. flyxe, tesyke, mormale {mormal.y 1 This term denoted a periodical A.-Sax. morsen-spsec. See assembly of a gild Hickes, Thes. ii. '.'1, i., ix., and extracts from Registers of gilds at Lynn, Richards'
:

Hist. pp.
-

42'-',

477.
;

" Mortrewes '' occur amongst the dishes mentioned by Chaucer in the account of " 'Movtrv>s, pepo, pepotium.''' cath. ang. Cant. T. Prol. v. 386. the Cook's abilities " Pe;;o, i. >we^o, mortrews, et est similis cumirtjite." ortus. Mortrews, according to various recipes given in Harl. MS. 279 Cott. MS. Jul. D. viii, and Sloane MS. 1986, seems to have been fish, or white meat ground small, and mixed with crumbs, rice flour, &c. See in the last meutioned compilation " mortrews de cbare, blanchyd niortrews, and mortrews of fysshe," pp. 55, fa'0, 66, given under the head de potagiis. The term is frequently written " morterel, mortrewys," &c. and is possibly derived from the mode " Mortesse meate." palsg. of preparation, by braying the flesh in a morter. 3 jVIany instances might be cited of the use of the word morrow, signifying the morning, as Chaucer uses it, when he says of the Frankelein, " wel loved he by the morwe a sop in win." Cant. T. 335. Sir John ]\Iaundevile speaks of the idolatry of the natives of Chana, wlio worshipped a serpent, or whatever animal " tliat thei meten In the Version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. XVIII. A. 12, it is said that first at morwe." it is requisite to ascertain the custom of the enemy, " if they be wonede to assaile or falle vpone the nyghte, or ia the morow." B. iii. c. 6. In the curious translation of Macer's treatise on the virtues of plants, MS. in the possession of Hugh Diamond, Esq. it is observed that " he t>at et\\> caule (brassica) first at morwe, vnnethe shal he fynde In the drunkenesse h^at day." The day-star lii<ewise is called the morow sterre. Golden Legend it is said of the Assumption of our Lady that an angel brought her " a
;

bowe of palme, whose

*

This term

is

leues shone lyke to the morowe sterre." taken from the French mot, which is explained by Nicot to imply

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MooTE,
dyke, watyr closynge a place (motdyke, or watyr place
closyd,
P.)

345
Discepto, placito.

pletyn, p.)

MoTYNGE,
ynge.

or tolyynge, or pleyt-

K.
inofa,

dyche

or

water.

Circumfossatum., fossatum,

MoTLE,
CATH.

colow're.

Disceptacio, placitacio. Stromaticus,

COMM.

KYLW.
Disceptor,

MoTARE,

or pletare.'

MoTONE,

{pnixtura, p.) flesche. Ovilla, moto

syster,

vel disceptator, pAacitator.

{multo, K.)

MooTE
be,

yn );e sunne (or qhere it H. where it be, p.) Atthomus,

Mow,

husbondys
or

or wyfys
lawe.^

systyr,

syster

in

(^festuca, p.)

Glos, c. F.

MOOTE HALLE.Prg^ormmjCATH. MoTHE WOKE, neyder to nesche,

ne to harde (moothewyc, or mothwoc, ne))er to neysch, ne to hard, h. motewoke, s. mothwyc, or mothwoc, p.)^ DimoUis.

MowARE

wythe a sythe. Falcator,metellus,c ATn.falcarius, UG. MowARE, or makere of a mowe (and scorn, k. makar of mowys
and scornys, H.
p.)"*

Valgiator

MooTYN,
"
le

or

tolyoii

(motyn,

or

{cachinnator, p.)

son de la trompe dUin Feneur, sonnS ^''art et maisfrise." See Twety, Vesp. B. xii. R. Holme, Acad. of Arm. iii. p. 76. Horman says that " blowyngof certain and diuers motis, and watchis, gydeth an host, and saueth it frora many parellys. The trompettours blowe a fytle or a mote (dant cfassicnm).'' " Mote, blast of a horne.'' palsg. " To mute, alfegare,ut itfe alfeyat pro nie ; causare, contraversari, decertare, pfa1 citare. A mute halle, capitolium. A muter, actor, advocatus, causidicus, &c. Mutynge, causa, pragma." cath. axg. " Mote or encheson, cansa, causale, fiti" Causa, a cause or motynge. Causarius, a gium.'^ Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1587. " Certamen, i. pugna vef fitiCausor, to plede or mote.'' med. pledere, a motere. gium, a chydynge or motynge. Controversor, to mote, plede, or chyde." ortus. Ang.-Sax. mot, conventus, motian, to meet for the purpose of discussion, disputare mot-hus, or mo'5-heal, a place of meeting. In the poem on the evil times of Edw. II. Polit. Songs, p. 336, complaint is made of the corruption of Justices, and other legal authorities, wlio, instead of fair and open dealing, " maken the mot-halle at hom in In the Wicliffite version, John xviii. 28, jjrcEtorium is rendered here chaumbre." " moot-halle." See also Vis. of Piers P. v. 2352. Compare plee, of motynge. - In the Winch. MS. rere is given hereafter as synonymous with mothe woke. This appears to be a compound word, the last sylhible of which may be derived from Ang.-Sax. wac, debllis, fiexihifis, whence w^c-mod, pusiffonimis. The former syllable may possibly be taken from Ang.-Sax. mete, Isl. mot, modus. Hence also " methfuUe," Compare lith-wake, or leothe-wok, supple See Jamieson, v. Meith. moderate. limbed, according to the citations given in the note on the word lyye, p. 310. 3 Compare A.-S. mses, parens, used very widely to denote a relative, son, sister, niece, &c. See Lajamon, i. pp. 12, 73, 162, Madden's ed. R. Brunne uses the word " mouh." " To mowe, cachinnare, 4 " Cachinnor, to grenne, or for to make a mowe.'' med. A mowynge, cachinnatus, rictus." cath. ang. narire, et cetera ubi to scorne. " Cachinno, to mowe, or skorne with the niouth.'' ortus. " Mowe, a scorne, move, Mower, skorner, mocquevr. I moo, I mocke, I mowe with the mouthe, iefays moe. " Moue, a moe, or mouth an ill-favoured extension, or thrusting fa moue." palsg. out of the lips. Moilard, mumping, mowing, making mouths. Bayhaye, a scornfull
f
.

346

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or skorne.

MowE,
MowE,
terd.

Vangia, vel
et c.

MowLE,
H.)

sore.2

Ptistula (^pernio,

valgia,

CATH.
or

f.

(ca-

chinna, P.) byrd,

et

MowLYD,
semewe.
S.

a(s) brede.
as
bred.3

Mussidus,

Asli-

vel mucidus, c. f. et

CATH.
Mucidat,

pergo,

alia infra in

MowLYN,
CATH.

MowE

wythe a sythe.
or

Falco.

MowLYNGE,
s.)

of

MowYN,
M0W3TE,
mow,

make

mow. Valgio,

Mucor,

c. F.

mowle (or mowle, mucidus, cath.

cacliinno (^vangio, p.) clothe wyrme (mowhe, k.

s.

Mowx,

or haue my^tite (my^t, k. myth, H. mowne, p.)^ Possum.

hylle.

mowghe,

p.)'

Tinea.

MowxT,

3Ions,

collis.

made." cotg. " To mow, or mock with the mouth like an ape, disiorquere os, rictum deducere." gouldm. In the poem on the evil times of Edw. II. a curious picture is given of the " countour," or barrister, who, pocketing the fee, and speaking a few words to little purpose, as soon as he had turned his back, " he makketh the a niouwe." Polit. Songs, p. 339. Such scornful gestures were deemed a great breach of good manners thus, in the Boke of Curtas^e, the youth is instructed as to his demeanour at table, where he should especially avoid quarreling, making " mawes," and stuffing the mouth with food.
tnoe, or moutli
;

" Yf

A A

J>ou make mawes on any wyse, velany hou kacches or euer t>ou rise. napys mow men sayne he makes, brede and flesshe in hyschekebakes." SloaneMS. 1986,

f.

18, v".

So also in the like admonition, printedwith the title, Stans puer ad mensam, it is said, " grenynge and mowynge at the table eschewe.'' " jMought that eateth clothes, iters de drap.^' palsg. Ang.-Sax. mo55e, tinea. ^ In Arund. MS. 42, numerous remedies are given for mowles. " Plemina sunt " A mowle,//e?*?/o.'' ulcera in ^naniljus et in pedibus callosis, weles or mowles." med. CATH. ang. This term is taken from the French " Kybe on the hele, tnule." palsg. W. Turner, in liis Herbal, 1562, speaks of kibes or " mooles," and says that the broth of rape is good for " kybed, ormoolde heles." Gerard states that " the downe of the reed mace, or cats tail, hath been proved to heale kibed, or humbled heeles (as they are termed) either before or after the skin is broken." And. Boorde, in the Breviary of Health, c. 272, treats at length of the causes and remedies for such ailments. See Jamieson, v. Mule. ^ " To mowle, mucidare. ISIowled, mucidus. Mowlenes, glis, mucor, mussa.''' CATh. ang. " Mucor, to mowle as bredde." ortus. Palsgrave gives the verb "I mowlde, or fust, as corne or breed dothe, le moisis," but the word is usually written, according to the ancient spelling, as given in the Promptorium. Chaucer speaks of " mouled," or grey hairs. In the relation of a miraculous occurrence given in the Golden Legend, f. 0.5, \, it is said, " as the kynge sate at mete, all the brede waxed anone mowly, and hoor, y' no man myght ete of it." KiHan gives " molen, vefus F/ai)dr. cariem contra/iere.^' Compare Dan, mulner, to grow mouldy mulen, hoary or mouldy. " To mughe, posse, valere, queo. To nott moghe, nequire, non posse." cath. ang. The verb to mow, to be able, is used by R. Glouc. p. 39, and Chaucer. In the Golden Legend it is said of the last judgment that " the eyghte sygne shall be y" generall
'

'

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

347
or mowtard,

MowNTEXAWNCE
s.)

(mowntenesse,

MowTARE,

byrde.^

Estimata quatititas {vel estimata mensura, aut quantitas rei, p.)

Plutor, CATH. (plutus, P.) MOWTHE. Os. MowTHE of awesselle. Orificium,

c. F.

MowNTYNGE,
styynge, s.)

or steynynge

(jsic,

Ascensus.

MowTHE of a
Mowtyn',
as

botelle.

Lura,

c. f.

MowsE, beste. 3Ius. MowsARE, as a catte. Musceps. MowsEER, herbe. Muricula (jciu-

MowTYT>.Depilumatus(plutus,p.^
fowlys.

Plumeo,

CATH. UG.

V.

MowsFALLE
falle,

ricalis muris, K. p.) (or trap,

MowTYNGE,
k. p.

deplumeo, ug. v. Deplumacio, plu-

or

tura.

supra.y

MowsYN,
capio.

Muscipula. or take myse. Murior

prively
stodyyii

Mv, of hawkys.3 Falconarium. MuD, or grutte. Limus. MuGLARD, or nyggarde (or

pynchar, infra.y

MowsYN,

Tenax, ava-

(stondyn a dowt, K. stodyn a dowte, H. musen, or stodien a dought, p.) Muso, musso, CATH.

rus, cupidi{ri)arius, c. f.

MuGWORTE,

herbe, idem quod moder worte, supra.^

tremblynge of the erthe, whiche shall be so grete that noo man ne beest shall not mowe stonde thereon, but fall to the grownde." Caxton states, in the Book for Travellers, that his intent was " to ordeyne this book, by the whiche men shall mowe resonably understande Frenssh and English, on pourra ente7idre,'^ &c. The verb NOWTHE MowN occurs hereafter. Compare Dutch moghen, Germ. moegen, posse. " Paciscolia, i. muscipula, a mowse falle.'' med. ms. 1 Compare falle, p. 147. CANT. In the Shepherd's Calendar it is said that " the couetous man is taken in the nette of the deuil, by the which he leseth euerlasting lyfe for small temporal goodes, as the mouse is taken in a fall, or trappe (a la ratiere, orig.) and leseth his lyfe for a Ang.-Sax. mus-fealle, muscipula. lyttle bacon." Ed. J. Wally, sign. F. j. v. 2 " Mowter, t^trfe moulter, quando avium pennae decidunt.^^ gouldm. To mute or Palsgrave gives the verb to moult, to ehange the feathers, i.s takea from the Latin. " mute, as ahauke or birde dothe his fethers, muer ;" which is rendered by Cotgrave " to mue, to cast the head, coat, or skin." See Ducange, v. Muta. Hence the place where hawks were kept during the change of plumage was termed a mew and mutare signified to keep them in a mew, as in a document dated 1425, edited by Bp. Kennett,
;

Par. Antiqu.

Compare mwe, or cowle, a coop for keeping or fatting poultry, Muggard, in the Exmoor Dialect, signifies sullen and morose. avaricious muglard may be derived from the French " mugotter,
3
*

p. 350.
to

In the sense of hoord mugot,

;

a hoord, or secret heap of treasure." cotg. * The virtues of mugwort, Artemisia vulgaris, Linn. are highly extoUed by the The following observation occurs in Arund. MS. 42, f. 35, v. ancient herbalists.

" Mogwort, al on as seyn some, modirwort lewed folk l^at in manye wordes conne no ryjt sownynge, but ofte shortyn wordys, and changyn lettrys and silablys, {'ey coruptyn seyn mug\>e o. in to u. and d. in to g. and syncopyn i. smytyn a-wey i. and r. and " Mugworte, arthemisia, i. mater herbarum." cath. ang. Ang.-Sax. mugwort." Of the superstitious custom of seeking under the root of this plant wyrt, artemisia. for a coal, to serve as a talisman against many disasters, see Braad'8 Pop. Aatiqu.
:

348

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

MuKKE. Fimus, letamen, cath. ^NIuKHYLLE, or dongliylle. Sterf/7ii!iniian, Jimarium, forica,

CATH.

MuLTYTUDE,
3IuItitudo.

of grete nowmb}T.

MuLWELLE,

fvsshe."'

Mulio,

c. F.

MuK,
p.)'

or duste (mul,

K. s.

mull,
(sel-

MuMMAR. Mussator, cath. MuMMYN, as J)ey J)at nojt speke.

Mutio, CATH. mugio.
et c. F.

Pulvis.

et

ug. in
vel

MuLBERY.
SUS,

3Iorum, CATH.
P.)

CATH.

MuMMYNGE.^
mussatus.

Mussacio,

MuLBERY, tre. Morus, cath. MuLLYN, or breke to powder, or muUe (muldyn, s.)- Pulveriso. MuLLYN, or reynyn a mulreyne.
Plutinat,
viola,
c. f.

MuNKE. Monachus. Murche, lytyll man.^ Nanus, vel

navus,
c. f. sessillus,

cath. ho-

muUus, homuncio.

MuLREYXE.3
CATH.

Plutina, c.F. pluin

MussELLE

(sic,

K. murssell, p.)

(MuLLOURE,*?<jo>'

molowre,p.)

3IorceUus, bolus, huceUa. MuscHYL, or muskyl, fysche (musshell, K.)

MULTIPLYYN.
1

Multiplico.

Musculus,

c. f.

correct reading is here given, probably, by the other MSS. The term mull is retained in the Eastern counties, and in the North, and signifies, according to Forby, soft breaking soil. " ^Molle, pvlvt>r, et cetera nbi powder." cath. axg. " MuUock, or Compare Low-Germ. and Dutch, mul, Ang.-Sax. myl, pulvis. mollock, r/(/e dust, or dung." gouldm. Chaucer uses the word " muUok," Cant. T. V. 3871, 16,408. See the North Country Glossaries. 2 " To mulbrede, interere, micare. To make molle, pulverizare.'^ cath. ang. Hence, perhajjs, as it has been suggested in the note on moldale, p. 341, to muU ale or wine, to infuse powdered condiments therein. 3 Pultina, MS. The term mulreyxe may have been not inappropriately used to denote a mizzling shower, falling like fine powder, or mull unless it may be preferred to seek a derivation from the French mouiller. 4 In the Inventory of Sir John Fastolfs effects at Caistor, 1459, is the entry '^ Larderia ; Item, j. barelle dim^ alec' Item, ^iij. lynges. Item, iiij. mulwellfyche. alb\" Archseol. xxi. 278. Dr. Will. Turner, in bis letter to Gesner on British fish, prefixed to the second ed. of Gesner, lib. iv. states that the fish called keling in the North, and cod in the South, on the Western coasts is termed melweL Spelmau states that the mulvellus of the Northernseas is the green fish, called in theBook of Customs In the statute for the at Lynn Regis melvel, and haddock, and in Lancashire milwyn. regulation of prices of fish and poultry, as given in Strype's Stowe, mulvel is mentioned. " Morue, the cod, or green fish, a lesse and duU-eyed kind whereof is called by some Merlangus virens, cvv. the morhwell." cotg. 5 Mummynge seems to have denoted origiually a dumb show, a pantomime, performed by masked actors, a Christmas diversion, regarding which many particulars will be found in Brand's Fop. Antiq. " jNIummar, mommevr. I mumme in a mummynge. Let vs go mumme [inurnmer) to nyght in womens apparayle." palsg. Compare Dutcli mumme, Germ. momme, larva ; Fr. ^^momme; mascarade, deguisement.^' ROQUEF. " Mommon, a troop of mummers also, a visard, or mask ; also, a set, by a mummer, at dice." cotg. ^ This name for a dwarf does not appear to be retained in any of the local dialects, although preserved, as it would appear, in the surname Murchison.

The

still

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MuscHERoN,
letus, c.

349
gadyr
to-gedur.

toodys hatte.
c. f.

Bo-

MusTERYN,

or

MusYK. MusKE. Muscatum. (MusKYL, fysche, or

supra.)

F.fungus, Musica.

Commonstro, coaduno.

Must(e)ryn,
vyly
(or

or qwysp(e)ryn prirummuelon, infra

muschyl,

whyspryn, h.)

Mussito.
or

Musterynge,

qwysperynge

MusKVTTE, byrde.i Capus, c. f. MusT, drynke.^ Mustum, mulsum,

CATH.
se(n)vyne, herbe (mustard syd, k. sede, p. senwyn, s.) Sinapis. MUSTARD POTTE. Ceviola, KYLW.

(or romelynge, infra ; whisperynge, k. p.) Mussitacio.

MusTARDE. Sinapium. MusTARD, or warlok, or

Musterynge, or gaderynge togeder of men to be schewyde

yours,

(gaderynge togeder of sowdK. p.) Coadunacio, commonstracio.

et hellicrepa.^

MusTUR, idem est;

" A muskett, capus.'^ cath. ang. " Musket, a lytell hauke, mouchet." palsg. ' " Mouchet, espece d'oiseatt de yroye, c^esi le tiercelet de 1'espervier.^' nicot. The most ancient names of fire-arms and artillery being derived either from monsters, as dragons or serpents, or from birds of prey, in allusion to velocity of movement, this little hawk supplied the appellation musket as also at a much earlier period it had furnished a name for the missile termed muschetta, or mouchette, in the Xlllth cent. 2 " Must, carenum, mustum." cath. ang. " Mustacium, i. mustmn vinum, vel potus {qui) ex musto fit, et aliis potionibus." ortus. Mulsa, oy mulsus, according to the Catholicon, was a drink compounded of wine, or water, and honey, commonly occasionally the term denotes new wine, which is the usual signification called meed " Must, newe of must, as in the Wicliffite version, Dedis ii. 13; Cov. Myst. p. 382. wyne, movst." palsg. In ^Ifric's Glossary, Julius, A. u. f. 127, are given " cervisa, vel celea, eale medo, meodu ydromellum, vel mulsum, beor.'' Horman says, " We mulsum vel hydromel, non medonem." According shall drynke methe, or metheglin
; ; ;

Arund. MS. 42, f. 32, v", mulsa, or mellicratium, one of honey, boiled together " idromellum, as it is a lycur t>at we callen wort, and it is seyd of ydor, water, and o^er facultes vsen it of hony, no^t bat hony go}' l^er to, for hony towche> it but for it is swete as hony. It
to the account given of Apomel, in is formed of eight parts water, and
; ;

water of malt, mulsum.''' 3 Previously to the existence of a standing stipendiary force, provision was made for the defence of the realm, in any sudden emergency, by the law tliat every householder should have in his dwelling a warlike equipment suitable to his means and station, and should at certain fixed seasons present himself before the constables, or appointed officers, with his accoutrements, for inspection. This was termed the monstre, monstrum, or armilustrium, in N. Britain the " weapon-schawynge," often mentioned in the Scotch acts, and in later times in England, the muster. The most curious and ancient ordinance to this effect is that passed at Winchester, 1285, 13 Edw. I. Stat. of Realm, but the existence of a similar scrutiny at an earlier period appears by the docui. 97 ments printed by Wats, M. Paris, Auctarium, addit. p. 230, Spelmancites Rot. Parl. 5 Hen. IV. regarding the monstrum or monstratio of men-at-arms see also the ordinance of Hen. V. in his statutes in time of war, " de monstris publicis, seu ostencionibus." Upton. Mil. Off. 136. " Muster of men,bellicrepa." cath. ang. Palsgrave gives the verbs " I muster, as men do y' shall go to a felde, ie me monstre. I muster, I take the muster of men, as a capytayne doth, ie fais les monstres. What place will you sygne to muster your folkes in. Mustre of harnest men, monstre."
is
; ;

350

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or cowle (mv, k.)'

MwE,

Sogi-

Nay.

Non.
Clavus.
Cavilla, c. F. or too. Un-

nariian, dicc.

Nayl of metalle. Nayle of tymbyr. Nayl of fyngyr,

guis.

Nacyone. Nacio, Nacorxe, ynstrument

stralsye

of

myn-

Naylyd
tus,

wythe yryne.
wythe tymbyr.

C{l)avaCavil-

(nacome of mynstralle,

conclavatus.

K.)2 Nahulum (inahlum.) p.) Nacornere. Nahularius. Nagge, or lytylle beest, Bestula,
equillus.

Naylyd
latus.

Naylyd,

as fyngers, or toos (nay-

led on fyngers, p.)

Unguatus.

1 Siginarium, ms. The distinction between mv of hawkys, p. 347, and a mew for fatting Chaucer uses the word in the latter sense, Cant. T. 3.51. poultry, deserves notice. 2 This instruraent of martial music appears to have been a sort of drum, of Oriental origin, and introduced into Europe by the Crusaders. Joinville speaks of the minstrels of the Soudan, '' qui ai^oient cors Sarrazinnois, et tabours, et nacaires ;'^ the term being evidently identical with the naqarah, or drum of the Arabs and Moors. See Ducange, v. Nacara, Roquefort, and Wachter. Menage, and other writers, supposed the nacaire to be a kind of wind-instrument, but the observations of Ducange on Joinville, p. 59, and the remarks of Daniel, Milice Franc. i. p. 536, prove beyond question Cotgrave, however, gives " Xaquaire, a lowd instrument of that it was a drum. musicke, somewhat resembling a hoboy." Nakerys are mentioned in Gawayn and the Grene Knyjht, v. 118, 1016 and Chaucer's Knighfs T. v. 2513. Froissart relates that Hugh Despenser the younger, being takeu by the Queen's army in 1326, was led about " apres le route de la Royne, par toutes les villes ou ils passoyent, u trompes Amongst the minstrels in the household of Edw. III. et nacaires." Vol. i. c. xiii. 1344, is named " makerers, j." which may be erroneously written for nakerer, but in the Gesta Ludov. VII. c. 8, it is said " tympanis et macariis, et aliis similibus instrumentis resonabaut." See Household Ordin. p. 4, Harl. ]MS. 782, p. 63. Sir John Maundevile relates that near the River Phison is the Vale perilous, in which " heren men often tyme grete tempestes and gret noyse, as it were sown of tabours, and of nakeres, and trompes, as thoughe it were a gret feste." Voiage, p. 340. Trevisa, in his version of Barthol. de Propr. lib. xix. c. 141, says that " Armonia Rithmica is a sownynge melody and diuers instrumentes serue to this maner armony, as tabour, and timbre, harpe, and sawtry, and nakyres." Palsgrave gives " nauquayre, a kynde of instrument, naquair.^' The precise period when the use of drums as martial music was adopted by the English is uncertain R. GIouc. p. 396, alludes to their Saracenic origin, and describes the terror caused thereby, so that the liorses of the Christians were " al astoned." Nakers were used at the battle of Halidown-Hill, 1332, as appears by the " Romance," or ballad on that victory, Harl. MS. 4690, f. 80 they are termed tabers in the prose account of the same, f. 79, v. !Minot says, in liis poem on the alliance of Edw. III. with the Duke of Brabant, and other foreign powers, 1330, and their preparations for war with Philip de Valois,
;

" The

princes, that war riche on raw, Gert nakers strike, and trumpes blaw."

or nacaire, was probably the small kettle-drum, used in pairs, as seen by Strutt, Horda, vol. i. pl. vi. from the Liber Regalis, written during the reign of Rich, II. The most curious representation is that etched by Carter, in his Ancient Sculpture and Painting, from a carved niiserere, of the close of
in the figures given

The XACORNE,

PROMPTOKIUM PAUVULORUM.
Naylyi^.
Clavo. or dcnyyn (nayyn, s.) Nego, abnego, denego. Nakare, or he j)at spoylythe men of clothys. Denudator.

351

Naytyn,

Napet, or napekyn. Napella, manupiarium {mapella, p.) Napyn, or slen be thc napc (sclape in y^ nape, harl. ms.
2274, slepe be )je nese, s. slene in the nape, p.)'-^ Occipito.

Nakyd. Nakyd,
datus.

Nudus. or made nakyd.

or or

Denu-

Nakyn,
strypyn,

make

nakyd (or streppyn, infra.y

nakydnesse
(or

Nudo, denudo.

Nakynge,
stryppyng, denudacio.

or

infra.)

Nudacio,

Name. Nomen. Namely. Precipue. Namely, or syngulere.

puus

or slomeryn (sclomarynge, iiarl. ms. 2274.) Dormito. Nappynge, or slomcrynge. Dormitacio. Naprun (or barmclothe, supra.) Limas, CATii. et UG. in limis, limata. Narowe (narwe, k. h. s.) Strictus.

Nappyn,

Preci-

Narowhede.
Natte,
CATII. et c. F.

Strictura.

Namyn

{singularis, p.) (or nemelyn', infra.)

or matte.-^ Matta, storium,

No-

mino, denomino, cognomino. Nape of an hedde (or naterelle,

infra.)
the

Naterelle,
supra.'^

idem

quod
s.

nape,

Occiput, cervix, vertex.

Nave

of a qwele (qwyl,

whele,

XlVth cent. formerly in one of the stalls at Worcester Cathedral, and now placed on the cornice of the modern organ-screen, over the entrance from the nave. " To nakyne, nudare, detegere, cxuere. A nakynynge, nudacio.'''' cath. ang. " Nudo, i. ej^poliare, SfC. to naken. Denudacio, a uakenynge." ortus. In R. Brunne's version of Langtoft's Chron. a satirical ballad is given on the victory of Edw. I. over the Scots at Dunbar, 1294. Ed. Hearne, p. 277. " Oure fote folk put J^am in )>e polk, and nakned J^er nages."
'

the extract from the original Chron. given by Mr. Wright, App. to Polit. In Roy. MS. 20 A, XI. the word is written "nakid ;" in Cott. MS. 2.95. Julius, A. V. " nackened.'' In the earlier Wicliffite version Levit. sx. 19 is thus ren" The filh>heed of thi moder sister, and thi fader sister thow shalt not discouer ; dered who that doth this,the shenship of his flesh he shal nakyn." A.-Sax. benacan, nudare. '^ " I nawpe one in y'^ necke, I stryke one in y" necke, ie accoUette, aud iefrapjie au col. Beware of hym, he wyll nawpe boyes in y<= necke, as men do conyes." palsg. " A nawp, a blow. Hit him a nawpe. See Yorksh. Dial. p. 68." Bp. Kennetfs GIoss. CoII. Lansd. MS. 10.33. Compare Brockett, and Craven GI. v. Naup. 3 ^^ A. naXte, storium, storiolum. Anatte maker,s(oriator. Tomakenattes, s^orJare." cath. ang. ^' StoriolOyto cover with nattes.'' ortus. "Nat maker, wa/ier.'' palsg. In the curious poem entitled the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem, Cott. MS. Vitell. C. xiii. f. 172, v, one of the characters introduced is the " Natte makere,'' who holds long Nattes are mentioned again under the word nedyl, as discourse with the Pilgrim. " boystows ware," or coarse manufacture. This word is usually written haterelle, but the letter n. taken from the preceding article, is here, as in many other like cases, by prosthesis prefixed to the substantive.

Compare

Songs, p.
:

camd.

soc.

2 z

Occi-

S52
p.)'

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
3fodkis, et modiolus, c.v.

timpanum, CATU.cantus, cath. medituUium, UG. in medius.

Navee, many

or gaderyiige to-gedyr of

Classis, nashyppys. vigium, cath. stoliis, cath. Neb, or byl of a byrd (neble, s.)-

bowre, s. neyghbour, p.) Pro.vimus, vicitius, proxima, vicina. Neyhbore, of ]>e same strete. Convicanius, convicania. Neyborede (neyghbourhede, p.) Prox-imitas, vicinitas.

Neyhhyn',

or

Rostrum.

K. neighen,

or

come ny (neyhm, come nere, p.)

Nede.

Necessitas,

necessitudo,
(J.n-

Apj)ropi7if/uo, approscimo.

necesse, indigencia, egestas

edia. p.)

Neyyn, as hors (or ney^ynge, HARL. MS. 2274.) Hinnio.

of horse (nyng, K. neyynge, or ny^ynge, harl. Hinnitus. MS. 2274.) Ney(se), tene, or dyshese (neyse, or tene, or disese, K. h. p.)-*

Nedefulle. Necessarius. Nedy. Egens, indigens. Nedy, or pore. Inops.

Neyynge

Nedle

Nedyl,

Acus. sow wythe nattys, or o]jer boystows ware (nettys, or oder boystys ware, s.)-^ Broccus,
(nedil, k.)

to

Tedium, nocumentum, gravamen.

UG.

Neythyr
Neuter.

(neydyr,

s.

neyyir, p.)

Nedyl

case. Acuarius, c. f. Nedyn. Indigeo, egeo. Neddyr, or eddyr. Serpens.

Nekke. Collum. Neke name, or eke name.^

nomen.

Ag-

Neyhborowre

(neybour, k. ney-

" Occipichan, }>e Laterelle of he hede. Imeon, dicitur cervix, a haterel." med. Tn the Lat.-Eng. Vocabulary, Roj'. MS. 17 C. XVII. are given " Occiput, notlyll vertex, " An haterelle, cervix, cervicula, tu])a, fortopiDe." discrimen, schade haterele " Hatteroll, hnscerel.'' palsg. Cotgrave says that a man's veriex." cath. ang. throat, or neck, is termed by the Walloons hastereau ; but hasterel, or haterel, is an old rrench word of frequent occurrence, which signilies, according to Roquefort, the nuque, Hence, probably, may be derived the nameof the Hatterel Hills, or nape of the neck. between Brecon and Hereford. " Meditullium, a carte nathe {al. navelle.)" med. " Modiolus, liynum grossumin 1 medio rote, per quod caput axis immittitur, &^'c. Anylice nathe." ortus. " Naue of a Nathe, stocke of a whele." palsg. Ang.-Sax. nafa, iO(7/o/?/s. whele, woyei'/. " Neble of a womans pappe, hout 2 " A nebbe, rostrum, rostrillum." c.vth. ang. Ang.-Sax. neb, caput. de la mamelle.^' palsg. " Compare boystows, rudis, p. 42, and stoor, or hard, or boysboystors, ms. Broccus, or hroca, in French hroche, is a packing needle, an awl, or tows, hereafter. See Blounfs Tenures, under Havering, Essex. a goad. ^ See noyynge, or noyze, and tene. Compare French noise, ennui ; Lat. noxia, * Junius derives nick-name from nom de nique, an expression borrowed, as he supfrom the Ital. niqiio^ iniquo; but there can be little doubt that the word is poses, formed simply by prosthesis, the final n. being transferred from the article to the sub" Agnomen, an ekename, or a surename." med. " An ekname, agnomen, stantive. " Nyckename, brocijuart." dicitur a spccie, vel accione, agnomi7iacio." cath. ang. PALSG. " Sobriquet, a surname also, a nickname, or by-word." cotg. " Susurro,
: : :

PROAIPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

353
(neilheles,
s.

Nemelyn', idem qiiod namyfi. Nepe, herbe.' C(dufjiiintida, cucurhita (^cucurbica agrestis, p.)

Netiiyrtheles
neythirlesse,
p.)

k. neucrthelesse,

Nichilominus, tamen (yep.)

Nepte, Neere,

Neere

Nepta. or ny. Prope, juxta. of a beest.3 Ren.

herbe.2

rmitamen,

Neschyn,
fico.

or

make nesche.^ Molli-

a priuye whisperer, or secret carrytale that slaundereth, backebiteth, and nicketh ones

name." Junius, Noraenclator, by John Higins, 1585.

1 Compare wyylnepe, cucurbita. Ang.-Sax. ntepe, napus. 2 Nepeta cataria, Linn. common cat-mint, or nep. Ang.-Sax. nsepte, nepeta. " Filtrum, quedam herba venifera, nepp^;.'' ortus. " Neppe, an herbe, herbe du chat." PALSG. Forby gives the Norfolk simile " as white as nep," in allusion to the white down which covers this herb. * " Ren, the nere." med. " Lumbus, a leynde, vel idem quod ren, Anglicl a nayre.'' ORTUS. " Neare of a beest, roiynon.'" palsg. Gautier de Bibelesworth says, Arund.

MS.

220,

" De dens le cors en checun honime Est troue quer,foye, e pomoun (liuere ant lunge)
Let,plen, boueles, et reinoun (neres).''

In Sir Thomas Phillipps' MS. " reynoun, kydeneyre." In the later Wicliffite version " J^ei schul offre twey kideneiren {duos rewes, Vulg.) Levit. iii. 33 is thus rendered guttis clepid ylion ben hilid." wi)' J^e fatnesse by whic The following recipe is " To make bowres (browes .') take pypis, hertys, nerys, given in Harl. MS. 279, f 8 an rybbys of the swyne, an chop them an serue it forthe for a good potage." la Norfolk, according to Forby, near signifies the fat only of the kidneys, pronounced in Pegge gives the term as denoting the kidneys themselves. Compare Suffolk nyre.
:

Dan. nyre, the kidneys. * " Molliculus, neisshe, or softe. Mollicia, softenesse, or neisshe. Molleo, to be " Tendre nice, nesh, nesshe." med. " Nesche, mollis, etc. ubi softe." cath. ang. " In hard and in nesche," Will. and Werwolf, 19, 20, is, puling, delicate." cotg. according to Sir F. Madden, a common poetical phrase it is used by Chaucer. In " For J^ou the later Wicliffite version the word occurs as follows, 2 Chron. xxiv. 27 of pe book, and ])i herte is maad neische (emollitum est, Vulg.) and herdist J^e wordis See also R. Brunne t^ou art mekid in l^e si^t of the lord." Octouian, v. 1210 Seuyn

recipes for the craft of limning books, MS. in the collection of " To make coral. Take hertys f. 148, is the following hornes and mader, an handful or more, and sethe hit tyl hit be as neysche as glewe." One of the virtues of betony, as detailed in Cott. MS. Jul. D. viii. f. 121, is thatwith honey " hit is good for be cojghe, and hit makethe nesshe wombe." marvellous

Sages, V. 732.
Sir

Among

Thomas

Phillipps, 8186,

" For to make glas nesche. Take \>q recipe is preserved in Sloane MS. 73, f. 215, v" gotes blode lewke, and \>e, iuyse of seneuey, and boile hem wel to-gederis and vf\\> \>o and \>\ glas schal bycome nesche as past, and if it be tweye materes boyle wel \>i glas Sir John Maundevile, speaking of the form of cast ajeyne a wal, it schal not breke." the earth, says that the hills were formed by the deluge, that wasted the soft ground, " and the harde erthe and the rocke abyden mountaynes, whan the soft erthe, and tendre, wax nessche tliroghe the water, and felle, aud becamen valeyes." Voiage, p, 368. Trevisa, in his version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 8 A. XII. says of storesinafortified city, " loke thou haue iren and stele of diuers tempere, both harde and nesshe, for to make with armoure ;"' and of the selection of good recruits, " fishers, foulers, runnours,
: ; ;

354

PKOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Nett,
to take

Nese, or nose. iVasus. Nese thyrlys.^ jVctris. NeSYN. Ste7-?lUtO, CATH. Nesynge.- Sternutacio. Next, or moost ny (nest, k. neest, s. p.) Proximus, propinquissiinus.

sagena, lum, p.)

wythe fysche. JRete, reciucidum {7'eticu-

Neet, beest. Bos. (Neet, or hekfere, infra

Juvenca.)

in styrk.

Nidus. of byrdys. Nestlyd. Nidijicatus. Nestlyn (as byrdys, s.) Nidijico. Nestelynge. Nidijicacio.

Nest

Neet breydare. Reciarius. Neet T)B.Y\AKTS..Armentarius,c.F. NeeT hyrde.3 Buhulcus. Neet howse. JBoscar, cath.
Netyl,
herbe.

Urtica.

lecliours, and liolours (are) not to be cliosen to knyghtehode, ne not be for thies nianer of raenne with her lustes suffred to comme nyghe the strengthes shulle rather nasshe the hartes of warriours to lustes, thenne hardenue theim to tighte." This vvord is still commonly used in Shropshire, and some of the adjoining counties.

and gestours,

See Hartshorne's Salopia, and the Herefordshire Glossary. Ang.-Sax. nesc, mollis hnescian, mollire. 1 In the earlier Wicliffite version theword " noos thrillis" occurs, iv Kingsxix. 28 and " nesethirles " in the later version, Job xl. 21. In the Boke of Curtasye the following admonition is given ; Sloane MS. 1986, f. 28, v
; :

" Ne delf J?ou neuer nose thyrle, With thombe ne fyngur as ^ong
In the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth na7-ys
thyrle, wa/-?s."
is

gyrle."

rendered " nase

J>irlis."

cath. ang.

" Nose

thrill, <e?iffrow

du nez,

7iarine."

" palsg.

xV

nese

Ang.-

Sax. ntes hyrel, naris, \>Yr\,foramen. 2 The leeches of former times highly esteemed sternutatory powders, as efficacious especially in disorders of the brain. The root of hellebore was most in request for this purpose, of wliich was formed " neesing powder," and the plant was called in " nieswoort," according to Gerarde, who mentions also the England, as in Germany, wild pelUtory, Achillea Pia7-7nica, as called " sneesewoort, or neesing wort." Hormaa says that " two or iij. nesys be holsom, one is a shrowed token ;" and Palsgrave gives the observation, " the physicians saye whan one neseth it is a good sygne, but an yuell cause ;" as likewise And. Boorde, in the Breviary of Health, c. 333,says, " in English it is named sternutacion, or knesing, the which is a good signe of an euyll cause." He seems, however, to approve of the moderate use of sneezing by means of the powder of Elehorus albiis, called " knesing powder." In Brand's Popular Antiqu. may be found many curious details regarding superstitions connected with sneezing. The following curious passage in the Golden Legend has not been noticed it thereby appears that a similar superstition existed in regard to yawning. The " more Letanye," it is stated, was instituted by Pope Gregory during the pestilence called tlie botch, which afflicted " In this maner somme snesynge they deyed the people of Rome with sudden deatli. soo whan ony persone was herde snesinge, anone they y' were by sayd to him, God helpe you, or Cryst helpe you and yet endureth y^ custome. And also whan he snesyth or gapeth he maketh tofore his face the sygne of the crosse, and blysseth hym, and yet endureth this custome." f. xxiiij. v. " Nesyng with the nose, este7-nue77ie7it." palsg. Ang.-Sax. niesan, ste7'nutare.
; : ;

Neet byrde, ms,

nethirde, k,

" Noetherde,

or bulherde, boimier."

palsg.

PROMPTOHIUM PARVULORUM.

355

Nettyl seede.

Gnydisperma,

UG, in grtis. Netlyd. Urticatus.

hiter neuj)ma scriptum cum p. que est cantus, et neuma, sine

p. quod
s.)

est

Spiritus sanctus,

Netlyn (wyth
tico,

netlys,

Ur-

secundum quosdam, versus non

haheo. or ewte, wyrme. Lacertus. Netiiyr part of a thynge (or that is by-nethe, harl. ms. 2274, that yt is bethen, sic, p.) Inferior. Ny, or neere (ney or ny, harl. MS. 2274.) Prope, juxta. Nyce.^ Iners. Nycehede, or nycete. Inercia,

vel urticis urere, catii.

Netlynge. Neve, sonys

Urticacio. sone. JVepos,

Newte,
c. f.

quasi natus post. Neve, broderys sone. Neptis, c. f. Neve, systerys sonne. Sororius, CATH. sobrinus, UG. in sereno. Neve, neuerthryfte, or wastour (nefyne thrj^e, or wastowi-e, s.)' Nepos, et dicitur nepos, quia negans passum, scilicet ad

Nycely.

Inerte.

honum.

Nypte
or innuwyn,
ii.

(Newyn,
p.

innwyn,

Innovo.)

h. s. p.)-^ Neptis. Nypt, broderys douter (nyfte, s.)

(nifte, k. nyfte,

Nevyr.

Nunquam.
of a songe
s.)-

Lectis, c. F.

Newme
neme,

(nevme, h. Neupma, -atis, neupet est differentia

Nyggarde
Tenax.

(or muglard, supra,

or nygun, or pynchar, infra^

ma, -me, cath.

^ It appears that the term nephew was used in reproach, as nepos had been by In the Ortus nepos is explained as sigCicero, Horace, and other classical writers. nifying luxuriosus : '^ neptatio dicitur luxuria, et tune dicitur a nepa, qiiod est valde ardens in luxuriu.^' - " Neuma, i. vocum emissio vel modulatio," &c. cath. The Abbd Lebeuf, in his TVaM de chant ecclesiastique, p. 239, defines neuma to be an " ahr^gi, ou recapitulation des S07is principaux d'une antienne, qui se fait sur la derniere syllabe j^ar une See Ducange, v. Pneuma. simple variete de sons, sans y joindre anczme parole.'^ 3 In the Seuyn Sages, v. 1414, the foolish burgess is said to have quitted his home " als moppe and nice." The word is also used by Chaucer in the sense to seek a wife, " Insolens, nyce, superbus, fatuus, moribus non offoolish; Cant. T. v. 5508, 6520. Insoleo, to be wantowne, to be nyce, and prowde." Insolentia, nycete. conveniens. MED. Nice, according to Roquefort, signifies " mal-avise, ignorant, niais ;'' and Cotgrave renders it precisely in the sense given in the Promptorium. " Nice, litlier, Palsgrave gives " Nyse, strange, duU, simple." lazie, slothfull, idle, faint, slack Nyse, proper or feate, mignot, gohe, coint. Nicenesse, cointerie, nice, nyes, nyese.
;

nicete."
4
1

See Jamieson,

v.

Nice.

Compare neve, broderys sone, nepiis. filie.''' med. appears to be taken from the Latin word, as likewise the old French word " Trinepos, tercius, a nepote." med. ms. cant. It may be reneps, a nephew. marked that nephew is occasionally used to denote a grandchild, as nepos in Latin. Thus Eliz. de la Pole, writiug in 1501 to Sir Rob. Plompton respecting Germayne her grandson, who had married the Knight's daugliter, speaks of them as her "neveu" and " nese." See Mr. Stapletoa's note on Plumpton Corr. \u 163.
J^leptis

est filia filii vel

Nypte

356

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Tenacitas. (uygramoncer',
effialtes,

Nyggardshepe.

c.

F.

geronoxa,
p.)

et

Nygromancere
p.)

strix
in

{geromaxa,

Nigromanticus.

Nykyr.'- Sirene,plur. Nota supra

Nygromancy. Nigromancia. Nygun, idem quod nygard, supra

(or muglard.

(mer)maydynne.
of wulle

Nyle

(nyl or wyl,

s.)-^

Tenax.)
nyth, h.) Noa;. Nict(ic)oi'a.v
c. f.

Nullipensa, plur.

Nyghte (nihte, K. Nyghte crowe.i

Nyghtyngale.

Nymyl.4

Capax.

Nym

kepe, or take hede. Intendo,

Filomena,
(or

Nyghte mare
wytche,
infra.)

mare, or Epialtes, vel

Nymyn,

attendo, asculto, considero. or takyn.^ Accijno, et alia suj}ra in takyii.

^ The night-jar, Capriimdgus Europmis, Linn. is called in the North, according to " A nyghte ravene, cetunia, niclicoraw, noctua, the Craven Glossary, the night-crow. " Night crowe, cresserelle.^' palsg. stria:.'' cath. ang. 2 Wykyr, ms. nikyr, k. nykyr, h, nykir, p. Compare Mermaydyn, p. 334. A.-Sax. nicor, monstrtnn fluviatile. " Niceras, '' Beowulf, v. 838. Kilian gives Teut. " necker, Dcprnon aquaticus, Neptunus, en^iosiffeus." The Deity of the Sea, according to the Northern mythology, was called Neckur, a name which was taken, See as Wachter supposes, from nack, equus, and nack, cymha, equus fluriatilis. Keysler, Antiq. Sept. p. 262. Bouchers GI. v. Auld-Nick and Sir F. ]Maddea's note on Lajamon, 1322. Of ancient tales regarding the mermaid see Gesner, lib. iv. Stowe gives in his Annals, A.D, 1187, a marvellous relation of a merman taken near Orford Castle, Suffolk, and kept there many months by Barth. de Glanvile, as recorded by Rad. de Coggeshale, Cott. MS. Vesp. D. x. f. 88. The subject of Christian symbolism has been hitherto so neglected that no explanation has been suggested with regard to the frequent occurrence of the mermaid among decorations of a sacred character. It was likewise very frequently introduced, in medieval times, in the designs of embroidery, and ornaments of ordinary use. 3 The Latin term given here seems to denote that nyle signifies something of no weight or account it may possibly denote the light flying particles, or flue, of wool. The white downy substance which arises when brass is exposed to strong heat is called " Nill, the sparkles, or ashes that come of brass tried in the furnace, pompholyx, nill. " Nill, tes escailles tucia, nil album, nihili, ceris et cadmice favilla." gouldm. Palsgrave gives only " nayle of woll," without any French word. d'airain." sherw. Noils, according to Forby, signify, in Norfolk, coarse refuse locks of wool, fit for making mops. The reading of the Harl. ]MS. 2274 is " nyle, or wulle ;" but the reading of the Winch. MS. would induce the supposition that the word had quite a difl^erent signification from that which has been suggested, and were derived from Ang.Sax, nill, non velle. * " Nemyll, cautus, etc. uhi wyse." cath. ang. It would appear that the sense in wbich the word occurs in the Promptorium were handy and skilful in taking or nyming anything. Compare the use of the adverb " neemly ;" Townl. ]\Iyst. p. 105. MyCHARE, a pilferer, is rendered capax, p. 336. " Capax, i. assidne capiens, ofte holdynge, or tokynge." ortus. Palsgrave gives " nymble, delyuer, or quycke of ones lymmes, souple. Nymble, quycke, deliure.'' ^ This old word is still in use in the North, according to Brockett, signifying to take up hastily, or steal privately. " To nim, accipere, furari, subducere, surripere." GOULDM. See Nares. Ang.-Sax. niman, capere. Comjtounded with the preposition be, or by, it occurs frequently, as used by Chaucer, inthesense ofbereaving. Douglas,
; ;

PROMPTORIUJSI PARVULORUM.

357
wythe thc hced. Con-

Nyne.

Novem.
Nonaginti.
vel de-

Noddynge
qniniscio.

Nyne hundryd.
Nyntene.
cem
et

Novemdecim,

novem. Nynety. Nonaginta. Nypare. Compressor, trusor.

Nypyn. Premo, stringo. Nypyxge. Compressio, Nyrvyl, or lytyl manne.' Pusillus,

or nodle of )je heed (or noUe, inj^ra.) Occiput. NoYYNjOr grevyn.- Noceo; quere supra VI grevyn. NoYYNGE, or noyze (or derynge, supra ; noyzynge, harl. ms.
2274.)

NoDYL,

Nocumentum, gravaor dene (dyne, K.)

nanus,

c. f.

men, tedium.

Nyte, wyrme. Lens. NoBYLLE, of mony. Nobile. NoBUL, or wurthy (nobil, or worchip, K.) Inclitus, nohilis, egre-

NoYSE,

Stre-

pitus, sonitus.

NoYOvvsE, or grevowse. Nocivus,

gius, insignis. Nobylnesse, or grete worthjiiesse (nobiley, k. nobley, s. p.) Nobilitas, excellencia.

NoKKE

noxius, tediosus, infestus. of a bowe, or a spyndylle, or other lyke.'^ Tenorcidus,

KYLW.

clavicula,

kylw.

(tenus,
nodul.'*

tenarcuhcs, p.)

NoBYLY.
inclite,

Nobiliter, excellenter,

egregie, insigniter.

NoLLE, supra, idem quod NoMANNE. Nemo.

monk of Glastonbury, writes in his Chronicle that the King of France " sompnedde King Edwarde to come to Parys by a certeine day, to do his homage, and elles he wolde beneme him Gascoigne." Harl. MS. 4690, f. 0'5, v. "I nomme, I take (Lydgate), This terme is dawche, and nowe none Englysshe." palsg. le prens. 1 In Herefordshire a little person is termed a nurpin, and in the North, according
the
ill-treated,

Brockett gives nerled, to Jamieson, a knurl, nirb, nirl, nurg, nurrit, or nauchle. pinched, as a child unkindly used by a step-mother. See nurvyll, dwerfe. 2 The verb to " noye," or hurt, occurs in R. Brunne ; the Wicliffite version, i. Pet.
iii.

3; Vis. of P. P. &c. " To noye (or desese), adversari, ai^xiari, A noye, angor, angustia, gravamen, &c. Anguyse, nbi noe. Noied Noyous Un-noyous, &c." cath. ang. " Tedium, noye. yef/e^, it noyethe.'' MED. " I noye, I yrke one, Tennuye. We noye you paraduenture. I noye, I greue The felowe is so lothsome that he noyeth one, le nuys. I noye, or hurte one, le raiys. me horrybly. Noyeng, nuisance. Noysomnesse, or yrksomnesse, ennuy.''' palsg. Caxton says, in the Book for Travellers, " fro noyeng of meschief {d'ennui) I wyll kepe me, but alleway lyue in ioye shall be my byledyng {mo7i deduit.)" Compare 13; Apoc.
vii.

gravare, molestare.

ney(se), tene, or dy^hese, p. 3.52. ^ " Nocke of a bowe, oche de Varc. Nocke of a shafte, oche de la flesche, penon, I nocke an arrowe, I put y^ nocke into y^ strynge, leencoyche.^'' palsg, coche, loche. " Oche, a nick, nock, or notch the cut of a tally. Coche, a nock, notch, nick, snip, or neb and hence also, the nut-hole of a crosse-bow.'' cotg. Palsgrave gives the proverbial expression, " he commendeth hym by yonde the nocke, il le prise oultre bort, et oultre mesure." " he lord schal make ballid ^ In the later MMcliffite version Isai. iii. 17 is thus rendered
;

Tusser, in his abstract for nol of the dou^tris of Sion {decalvabit veriicem,'' Vulg.) February, gives the direction to strike off " the nowls of delving mowls,'' that is, o their hillocks. Ang.-Sax. cnoll, cacumen. Noddle of y* heed, eoupeau de la test.'^ palsg.
}>e

358

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or talce wytlie
]>e

NoMYK,

palsye.'

NoRSCHYNGE,
Nutricio.

forthe bryngynge.

ParaUticus. NooNE, or neuer one (none, k. Nullus. NoONE, niydday (none, s.

p.)

NoRscHYNGE,

p.)

Nona. (NoxYs,

supra in F. for the nonys.) NoppE of a clothe.- ViUus, tomentum, c. f. tumenturn, ug.
or wully,
Villosus.

iu mauerys and condycyons (norshynge of god manere, k.) Educacio. NoRSCHYNGE, of mete and fode (of raete and drynk, s.) Nutrimentutn, fbrnentum, NoRYSRYE, where yonge chyldur arn kept (norshery, where ^ong

NoppYD (noppy
MS. 2274, P.)

harl.

childyr

ben,
p.)
et

k.

arn

putte,

s.

uorcery,

(NoppYD, p. Villatus.) NoppYNGE. Villositas, vUlatura. NoRYCE, or norys of chylder. Nutrix, gerula, cath. NoRYCE, or noryschare, and forthe bryngar fro ^outhe to age. Nutricius, nutricia.

cath.
NoRTPiE.

JBephotrophium, UG. V. in T. Borea, aquilo^ sep-

tentrio.

NoRTHE

EST.

Euro aquHo,

c. f.

tiphonia, c. f. vulturnus, c. f. NORTHE WESTE. Acjuilo Zepihirus, c. f.

NoRSCHYD,

or

forthe

brow^t.

NoRTURE,

or

cui*tesye,-*

Curik. h. p.

Nutritus, enutritus. NoRSCHYD, and taw^te (norisshed,

p.)

alitas, urhanitas.

(NosE, idem quod nese,

Nasus.)

Educatus.
(norisshen, p.)

NoRSCHYX,

Nii-

NosELYNGGYS

(uoslyngys,
s.)

s.)-^

trio,foveu, alo,

cath. educo.

Supjpinus (^resupinus,

1 See the note on xymyn. " I benome, I make lame or take away the vse of one's lymmes, le perclos. I haue sene hym as lusty a man as any was ia Englande, but by ryot, and to moche trauayle, he is nowe benomme of hys lymmes. Benomme (or benombe of one's lymbes), perehis.''' palsg. It is said in the Golden Legend, " his hondes were so benomen, and so lame, that he myght not worke. Their armes were bynom, and of noo power.'' " He is taken or be nomed, aftonitus est. This man is taken, or benomed, syderatus.'''' horm. Ang.-Sax. benseman, stitpefacere ; p. part. benemed, benumen. - "A noppe of clothe, tiiberus,tither, tnmentum. Tonoppe, detuberare; -tor, -trix, " Noppc of wolle, or clothe, colton de tapis. Noppy, as clothe is -cio.''' CATH. ANG. that hath a grosse wofTe, grus. Noppy, as ale is, vigoreux.'" Caxton says, in the

Book

she lerned

for Travellers, " Clarisse the nopster {esbourysse) can well her craft, it, cloth for to noppe {esbourier.)'''' Ang.-vSax. hnop'pa, villus.
clothe, p. 56,

syth

whan
is

Noppe

and denotes those little knots, which, after cloth has passed through the fulling-miU, are removed by women with little nippers ; a process termed burling cloth. " Northe parte or wynde, septentrion, bgse.'' palsg. Aflo, Ms. aquilo, s. p. * Horman says, " It is nourture {officium est) to gyue place to your better.'' 5 " Snpinus, " Supimis, layenge vpon tlie naselynge." med. harl. ms. 2257. backe." ortus, Supinus appears to be given iu the Promptorium, as previousiy, under the word grovelynge, p. 215, in the sense of resupinns : noselyxggys
*

synonymous with burle of

PROMPTORIUM FARVULORUM.
(NosE THYRLYS, idem quod
thyrlys, k.)

359

nese

NosTYLLE
Nastula,
c. F.

of nettys (nostul, h.) c. f. instita, nasculus,

NoTEMYGGE. Nux muscata. NoTYD. Notatus. NoTYNGE. Notacio.

NoTUN

songe.

Noto.

NooTE,
Nota.

of

songe yn

boke.^
c. f.

NoTUN, or vsyn. Utor. Now. Nunc, jam, modo. NowcHE.3 Monile, c. f. et

SCUtula,

dicc.

NoTARY.

Notarius, tabeUio,

CATH.

NoTE, frute. Nux. NoTE, kyrnel (mete, or kyrnel, k.) NucleUS, CATH. NoTE, tree. Nux, mccliarius, CATH. NoTE, dede of occupacyon. Opus,
occupacio.

(nowth, K. nowte, s. nought, p.) Nichil. NowjTE WURTHE. Invalidus NowTHE cuN, or haue no cunny(n)ge (cone, H. nought kun, ?.)* Nescio.

NowHTE

NoTH AK, byrde.2 Picus, c. f. ug. v.

NOWTHE KNOW. NowTHE MOWN.

IgUOVO. Nequeo.

seems to be synonymous with that word, as also with wombelyng, and compounded of Ang.-Sax. naes, and lanj;, along. 1 NooTE, or synge, ms. noote of songe, s. " Picus, a nuthawke." ortus. 2 " A nutte hake, ^?ct<, corciscus." cath. ang. " Nothagge, a byrde, iaye." palsg. Sitta Europea, Linn. the nuthatch, or nutjobber, Willughby, the woodcracker, Plot, Hist. Oxf. 175, named from its singular In the Grammar of R. Whitinton, part first, is habit of hacking and cleaving nuts. inentioned " picus, avis que cavat arhores, Anglice, a vynde." 3 It might be at first sight concluded that this word was merely a variation of spelling, the final n. being taken from the article, and by prosthesis prefixed to the substantive It seems, however, probable that nowche is a corruption of the Latin word ouch, See Ducange. In the Inventory of the Jewels of nusca, or nvxa, a broach or fibula. Blanche of Spain, 1299, Liber Gard. 28 Edw. I. p. 353, are mentioned with^nwac/a, broaches or clasps, "^'. nouchia nd modum aquile aurea, cum ruV et ameraudis, precii d. li. turon' nigronim. j. nouchia auri, cum imagiuihus Regis et Regine, de armis Franc\ cuni petrarid diversd, precii cc. xl. li. turon' ." Inthe list of jewels taken 1310, preserved in the Wardrobe Book 2 Edw. II. Harl. MS. 315, f, 48, is the entry " nusche auri precii cjr.s." two others, of the value of iiij. li. and vij. marks and iv firmacula " Lunule sunt proprie auree hullule deof gold, one of which was worth xxv. marks. pendentes, ad similitudinem lune factc, quihus mulieres solehant ornare pectus suum ; " My mother hath a ryche ouche {preciosissimum Anglice an ouche or a barre." ortus. He hath an ouche (monile) of golde garsegnientum) hangynge aboute her necke. Ladis of Ynde were preciouse stonys and ouches ia nisshed with precyouse stoonys. He gave her an ouche couched with pearlys and theyr earis {elenchis et crotaliis.) precious stonys {monile margaretis et gemmis consertum.^') horm. " Nouche, or broche, " i^enwa^/io, the hangeyng 0\xch& ior z.honnet, afficquet, affi,chet." palsg. afficquet. owche, or flowre that women use to tye at the chaine orlace thatthey weare about their neckes." W. Thomas, Ital. Grammar, 1548. The designs of Holbein, executed for Hen. VIII. afford exquisite specimens of this kind of ornament. Sloane MS. 5308, Compare conyn, p. 89, and cunne, or to haue cunnynge, p, 109, " To cunne,
; .
*

scire, etc. uhi to cone.''

cath. ang,

CAMD, SOC,

3 A

360-

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(nowtwyllyn, k.
p.)

NowTHE WYLN
nought willvn,

iYo/o.

NouYCE,

or novys.

NovYSRYE
NovYL,

Novisius. (nouycery, h. s. p.)

(nowhtyn, or sette at no^te, s. sett at nowth, harl. ms. 2274, noughtyn, p.) Vilipendo.Jloctipendo, c.
F.

nullo, adnullo,

Noviciatiis.

nichilo, nichiljiciido.

NowMELYS
KYLW.

Umbilicus. a beest (nowmBurbelys, K. nowmel, h.)'

or navyl.

of

NwE NwE

(nev, s.)

Novus.

Celia, c. f. ALE.2 NvLY (nwely, K.) Noviter.

buJia, j^lur. c. F. vel burbia,

et

NwE

mone.
or

Neomenia.

UG. in burgus.

NwYN,

make newe.
or ynnewynge,

Innovo

Numerus. Nowmeron'. Numero, anmtmero. NowMERYNGE. Numeracio. N(o)wMPERE,or owmpere (nowmpowre, or wompowre, s.) Arbiter, secjuester, cath. et c. f.

NowMERE.

(^renovo, p.)

(NvYNGE,
ms. 2274.

harl.

hmovo.)
of
relygione

NuNE,

womann

NowuNDYR
mirum.

(nowonder, p.)
at

Ni-

(nvnne, k. p.) nacha. (NuN, or none, p.

tecenium,

Monialis, mo-

Nona.^ NuNMETE.-^ Merenda, cath. an-

NowTUN,
1

or syettyn

nowhte

cath.

interpretation given by Uguitio is " Burhulia, intestina majora.''^ ar. ms. nownbils of a dere, burbiiia, pepinum." cath. ang. ^^ Burbilia, Anglice opinum, xiomhle.s." ortus. " Noumbles of a dere, or beest, entrailles." nombles. PALSG. " Prtfcordia, the numbles, as the hart, the splene, the lunges, and lyuer." ELYOT. See Ducange, v. Numbile, Numble, and Roquefort, v. Nomble, a portion cut from between tlie thighs of the deer. " Noumbles " are mentioned in Gawayn and the Grene Kny^t, v. 1347. See Sir F. ^Iadden's notes, p. 322 and A Jewell for Gentrie, 1614, sign. F. e. The term nombles did not, as it would seem, denote only the In " Dame Julyans Bernes boke of huntynge " minute instrucentrails of the deer. tions are given " how ye shall breke an harte," sign. e. j. v", ed. 1496. The skin having been stripped otf, and the inwards removed, the nombles are to be cutaccording and they are to to particular directions, the " nerys'' or kidneys belonging to them be trussed up carefully in the skin, and carried home for the lord whilst the inwards and other parts are otherwise distributed. " Nombles, piece de chair, qui se leue entre See a recijie for es cuisses du cerf : cervi petimen, cervinum spetile." AroNET. /* Nomblys of venyson," Harl. MS. 279, f. 9. See also Forme of Cury, pp. 15, 16, Skinner writes tlie word the "humbles'' of a stag, and rightly considers it as 94. derived from umbiliciis. ' Compare ale, whyle it is newe, p. 9 and gyylde, or new ale, p. 193. 3 " Merenda, a none meete. Aniicenia, a nonemele. Cenobita, a nonemele.'' med. " A nvne mete, antecena, anticenum, merenda." cath. axg. " Merendn est comcstio Merendula, a beuer vel spaciatus in meridie, rel est cibus qui declinante die surnitur. " Merenda, breakefast, or noone meate." Thomas, Ital. Gramm. 1548. after none.'' In the Towneley ]\Iyst. p. 234, noyning signifies, as explained in the Glossary, a noon" He has myster of nyghtes rest that nappys not in noyning." Bp. nap, OT siesta. Kennett gives the following note in his Glossarial CoUections, Lansd. MS. 1033. " Nooning, beavre, drinking, or repast ad nonam, three in the afternoon, called by the Saxons non-msete, in y* North parts a noonchion, an afternoon's nunchion." In

The
"

508.

J^e

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(NuRUYLL,
nyruyll, p.)

361
et c. F. et

dwerfe,

supra

tn

graphus, cath.

ug. in

(NussE,

fisshe, p.)'

grama. Occasyone,

Obeyyn,

or be buxum. Obedio, pareo, cath. ohtempe^i-o. Obly', or vbly (brede to sey wythe masse, infra.y Nebula, dicc. (adoria, itifra.) UG. V. in Oblycon, or byynd be worde

(or Occasio. OcoRN, or acorn, frute of an oke (occorne, or akorne, p.) Glans,
cause, supra.)

or

enchesone

CATH.

OcuLus CHRiSTi,herbe.3
vel hispia m,inor, et

Hispia,
di-

major

(oblycyon, h. oblygeren, w.)

OblvgacyOn.

oblygacone, s. Obligo. Obligacio, ciro-

cow wede (cheken wede, p.) Occupacyone, or dede. Occucitur

pacio.

OCCUPYON.'*

Occupo.

Norfolk and Suffolk, according to Grose, Forby, and Moor, the meal taken by reapers See also Noonin, in the Craven GIosor labourers, at noon, is still called noonings. sary and Nummet, Soraerset. Harrison, in his Description of England, written about 1579, gives some curious remarks on the customs of ancient times respecting meals, cited in the note on beuer, p. 34. Holinsh. Chron. i. 170. J Haldorson gives Islatidic, "huysa, delphiniis minimus, delpMniscus ; Dan. marsvia." " Husse, a fysshe, rottsette." palsg. Compare huske, fyshe, p. 254. 2 In the Latin-Eng. Vocab. Harl. MS. 1587, is given " oblatum, a oblay :" in Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 26, " nebula, noble vafra, wayfyre.'' ^' Oblema, an obley. A^eiw/a, a wafron panis nebnla coctus cum duplici ferro." ortus. See the minute directions of Abp. Lanfranc as to the mode of preparingthe wafer for sacred purposes ; In the regulations for the allowance to the Household of Wilkins, Conc. i. 349. Hen. II. Liber Niger, ed. Hearne, i. 344, the " nebulaiius'' and his man occur after Oblys were not exclusively of sacred use in the Forme of Cury, the pistores. p. 21 it is directed to " take obleys, ol^er wafrouns, in stede of lozeyns, and cowche in " hares in papdele.'' Duriog the Coventry Pageant, on ocdysshes," as sippets for casion of the visit of Prince Edward, 1474, " at the Crosse in the Croschepyng were iij. propliets standyng seynsyng and upon the crosse a-boven were childer of Issarell syngyog, and castyng out whete obles, and floures." Sharp, Cov. Myst. p. 153. The following physical charni is found in a collection made towards the close of the XVth " For feueres. Take iij. ohlyes, and wryte in one cent. Add. MS. 12,195, f. 136, v of hem, -\~.\. Elyze -|- Sabeth -|In the ojier, Adonay -j- Alpliaand oo. -\- Messias -fIn \>e iij. pastor -\- Agnus fons -\- Let hyra ete these iij. in iij. dayes, with holy water fastyng, and he xal be heyl be the grace of God and sey v. pater nostris, v. aue Maria, dic crede, in the worscliip of God, and of Seynt Pernel." In the detailed account of the coronation of Queen Mary, 155.3, preserved at the College of Arms, it " oble " were laid as an offering upon the altar. is stated that gold and an Compare matfelon, p. 329, where cow wede is said to be the Jacia alba. In Sloane MS. 5, Oculus Ctirisl i is said to be the same as calmdula and " solsrqtnum, Solsequium, Rodewort, o^er marygoldys.'' Gall. solsicle, Anr/. Seynte Marie rode. Cotgrave gives " Orvale sauvaye, wild clary, double clary, ocle Christi." This verb very commonly occurs in the sense of to use. Horman says, " Some shipmen occupie saylis of lether, nat of lynen, nether of canuas. Women occupye pynnis to araye them.'' " This latton basen cankeryth, for faulte of occupyeng, par faulte d'eslre vsitL I occupye, ie vsite, for ie vse is to weare. I praye you be nat angrye, thoughe I haue occupyed your knyfe a lytell." palsg.
; ;
; ,

362

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

OcuR, or vsure of gowle.' Usura. OcuR, colure. Ocra, kylw. Odde. Impar. Odyows, or be-hatyd. Odiosus.

Of howsholde,
in

or

dwellynge
do-

howsholde.

Mancionarius,
domesticus,

mancionaria,
mestica.

Odowre,
OoF,

or relece. threde for

Odor.
webbyng-e.c. f.

Offeryx. Offeron,
Immolo.

Offero. or make

sacrj-fyce.

Trama., cath. stamen, snhtegmen, cath.

Offal,

that ys bleuit of a th}-nge,

ojjer

Offeryxge. Offerynge,
lorde
at

Ohlacio. or presaunt

to

Ivke (J)at levyd of a thinge, as chippys of tre, K. that beleueth of a thinge, as ch}-ppys of trees, p.) Ca-

as chyppys, or

Crystemasse, or

o))er

tymys.2

Nefrendicium, CATH.
Offertorium. Offcium.

in nefrendis.

Offertory.
Offyce.

ducum,
^

c. f.

" Okyr^/enus, mura. An Fenerator, an oVereTe." med. \sure, tmira, etc. ubi okyr." cath. axg. Ang.-Sax. v^ocer, yructus. usura. In the earlier Wicliffite version it is said of the " comelyng," Deut. xxviii. 4-1, " He shal oker to thee (a/. gauyl) and thou shalt not oker to hym," in the later version " leene," (ycenerai//, Yulg. ) Hardyngsays of the times of Edw. I. that great complaiuts were made of the " okoure and vsury " practised by the Jews abiding in the land. Chron, c. l.iO. The curious compilation, entitled Flos fiorum, Burney MS. 356, comprises the points and articles of " Corsynge or mansyne:e," to be shewn by each parson to his flock four times in the year, in the mother tongue in which are named " alle vsureres, alle t>at make}' oJ?er writej' J^at oker shal be payd o^er yf hyt be payd, J^at hyt ne be restored." p. 98. So likewise it is said in the ancient treatise cited in Becon's Reliques of Rome, 1563, p. 252, that " all okereris and usureris (ben accursed), that is to say, if a man or woman lend good to her neyhbour for to take aduauntage for her lending." In the verses on the seventh commandment in the " Speculum Xpistiani '' (by John Watton ?) it is said,
okerer
;

" Feneror, (to) oknr. to do okyr, &c.

\n

" Be thou no

no theuys fere, thurgh trechery Okur nor symonye come thou not nere, But conscience clere kepe ay truly."
theef,

Xe nothyng wynne

See also Towneley INIyst. p. 162; Reliqu. Ant. ii. 113 and the Castell of Labour, W. de Worde, 1506, sign. c. iij. where the companions of avarice are said to be usury, rapine, false swearing, and " okerye." " A wullun clooth, In the earlier Wicliffite version, Lev. siii. 47 is thus rendered or lynnen that hath a lepre in the oof {in starnine, Vulg.) or in the werpe it shal be holdun a lepre." S/awf is properly the warp, or ground-work of the web, as it is rendered in the Ortus trania is the woof, or transverse texture. Ang.-Sax. weft, sutjtegmen. The reading of the IMS. is Traura, but as no such word is found in the Catholicon, the reading of the Winch. MS. and Pynson's edit. has been adopted.
; :

" Trama, filuni inter stamen discurrens.'" cath. " Xefrendiciv.rn. a. cher\es rent, and a present of a disciple." med. harl. ms. 2270. Compare omagk, which is rendered likewise by the word nefrendicium. In the Catholicon iiefrendicium is said to be derived from ncfrendis. a barrow pig, and to signify " annuale tributum rjuod rustici stiis dominis circa natiintatem, vel alio tempore anni, solent afferre et quod parvi discipuli suis doctoribus apportant, duntaxat sit carneum, scilicet ijorcellus vel /lujusmodi." In Brand's Popular Antiquities much
'

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Offyce, or
place of offyce.
Offi-

363
H. olde oke, p. Ilex.,

(OoLD OOK,
C. F.)

cina, c. f.

Offycyalle. OJicialis. Offycere. Officiarius. Offycere of cruelte, as bayly,

iaylere, or other lyke.

Oke
or

(Oke

Satelles,

Galla. Ornus.y Olde, or elde. Antiquus, vetus, veteranus, senex, grandevus,

plante, p.

appul.

COMM.

annosus (yeteratus,
(one colowre, s.)

p.)

Of

colowre

Ole, for-weryd,
other thyngys.
tritus.

as

clothys,

and

Unicolor.

Vetustus, de-

Of

o lykexesse (orlyke, K. s. p. of one lykenesse, s. p.) Uni-

Olde shepe,
in

forynis.

fote

(offote, H. p.

on

fote,

s.)

beest. Adasia, UG. (^Arva valet vite, agnus. sed adasia crassa laniste, s.)

Pedester.

Olde womann, supra

woman. Oly, or oyl.

in

elde

FOTYD

beest (o foted, or one

Loripes, cath. o wylle (of one wyll, s. p.) Unanimis, cath. unius moris, CATH. in iif^. parte. Oftyne. Sepe, miiltocies, frefoted best, p.)

Of

Oleum. drestys.i Amurca, c. f. Olyet, made yn a clothe, for spei-ynge (made on a cloth to

Oly

quenter, plerumque.

(Oyl, idem quod oly, infra^ Oyle wythe oyle.

Fibulariuvi, cath. (gusibularium, k.) Olyet, hole yn a walle (olyet,

spere, p.)lytell hole,

h. p.)

Foramulum,
p.)

(Oynement,

or onyment,

infra.
vel

cath.

(^theca, fornlus,

Unguentum.^ Oyster, fysche.

ostreum,
c. f.

Olyfawnt,
Ostrea,

or elephawnt.
c. f.

Ele-

phas, barrus,

elephantus.
Olearius,

Oly MANN,
or
c. f.

or he that makythe,
oyle.

Oyster, shelle. Ostrea. Oke, tre. Quercus, ylex,

syllythe

olearia, UG.

curious information may be found on the origin and custom of presenting gifts at Christmas and the New Year but the particular usage to which allusion is made in tlie Promptorium has been insufficiently noticed. It seems that it was customary for inferiors to present gifts to their superiors at this season, as the dependants of the court to the Sovereign, the vassals to their lord, or the scholars to the pedagogue. M. Paris complains of the extortion of '^ pinmitiva, quce vulgares novadnna novi anni snperstitiose solent appellare,''^ from each of the wealthier citizens of London, in 124!). The precise period at which this became an established usage has not been ascertained numerous evidences regarding it may be found in the Inquisitions whicli set forth the customs of manors, such as those printed in Clutterbuck's Hertfordshire, iii. pp. G14, 618, the Household Books, Privy Purse Expenses, and Nichols's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth and James the First. Fex, drestus. Fecula, a litul drast." med. The term See DRESTYS, p. 131. " drastis " {ftsces, Vulg.) occurs in the Wicliffite version, Isai. xlix. 6. Of the medicinal properties of " drestis " of wine, see Arund. MS. 42, f. 86. " Oeitlet, an oilet-hole." cotg. - " Oyliet hole, oillet." palsg.
; : '
''

364

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
On-a-vysyd. Inprovisus. OoN' be-gotyn. Unigenitus.

Oly

potte, or oly vesselle. Emicadium, c. f. et UG. in mico,

olearium, UG.
pi'opyr
tre.

Oxbyxdyn,
Oliva.
Oleacio.

Olyve, Olyve,

name.
oyle.

or losyn (onbyyndyn, or solvyn, s.) Solvo, exsoho.

Oliva.

Onbuxum
Ho-

Oylyynge wythe

Omage
et

(or viuage, itifni.)

i7i

magium, nefrendicium, cath.

UG.
apes.

(or sturdy, infra.) Inobediens, contumax, rebeUis. Oncerteyne. Incertus. On-chaste. Inpudicus, lubricus, incontinens.

Omager.
magiaria.

Homagiarius,

ho-

OoNE. Unus. Onable. Inhahilis,

OoNE

ineptus. a-cordyd, or ful a-cordyd to-gedur in herte or wylle (onacord, K. of one acorde, s.)

Onclene. Inmundiis, inpurus. On-comely. Indecens, difformis. On-cunnynge. Inscius, ignarus. Oncuryn, or on-hyllyn. Detego,
Oncurteys.
tus, P.)

discooperio, c a t h. Incurialis (^ingraor brethe (onde, k. h. p.)^

Unanimis.

Oonde,
or

On a thronge,
(onarowe, K.)

to-gedur

Gregatim, tur-

Anelitus. Ondyn, or brethyn Aspiro, anelo.

.

matim.

Ondedely.
Unicus.

Immortalis.
Indigestus.

Oox,

a-lone.

On-defyyd.;

1 Onde, signif^ang breath, occurs in Kyng Alis. 3501 Rich. Coer de Lion, 4848. Gaut. de Bibelesworth says that ladies take good care to wash well their mouths,

" Kar f enchesoun

est certeyne,

Ke

eles lefoutit

pur bon aleyne (god onde.)" Ar. MS.

220,

f.

297, v".

In Arund. MS. 42, f. 48, Betonlca is recommended as a specific " for cowh, and streyt onde po(wder) of hym my^t with clarefiedhony noble for hem J^at ben streyjt ondyd, and han \>q cowh, and for AoV haketynge, and swuch." Bolus Armenicus also is said to afford " noble helpe for hem ^at han \>q asme, as for elde folk t^at arn streyt ondyd, See also a remedy for " shorte onde," f. 53, b. if J>ey drynkyn it;" f. 50, v". and ^' Halo, the virtues of thyme " for hem hat ben anelows, i. streyt ondyd," f. 80. to onde, or brethe, or raxulle. Alitus, oondynge, and norysshynge. Anelo, to oonde, or pantt. Anelitus, oonde." med. Andrew Boorde, in the Breviary of Health, 1575, c. 20, writes, " of a man's breth, or ende, a^e/i/MS; in Englyshe it is uamed the breath, or ende of a man, the which other whyle doth stynk, or hath an euyll savour.'' See Aynd, Eynd, and End, in Jamieson. Grose gives yane, the breath, in the Northern Dialect. Ang.-Sax. ond, spiritus. Compare Islandic, anda, spiro: ond, animn. 2 See the note on defyyx mete, p. 115. In the earlier Wicliffite version, 1 Kings, " Forsobe in he morewtid whanne Nabal hadde defied }>e XXV. 37 is thus rendered wijn (diyessisset, Vulg.) his wijf schewide to hym all ^ise wordis, and his herte was almest deed wij> ynne." In tlie later the following passage occurs, Deut. xxiii. 13 " Jjou schalt haue a place wijjout J>e castels, to which hou schalt go out to nedeful Hngis of kynde, and J^ou schalt bere a litil stake in \>e. girdil, and whanne hou hast sete, J>ou schalt digge bi cumpas, and ^ou schalt hile wi]5 ert>e hingis defied out " {egesta, Vulg.) In Arund. MS. 42, f. 70, v", it is said of orange, that " some etyn it with hony, \>ovf\\ hony be badde mete, for it is wik to defyin." See also Vis. of Piers P. v. 457.
:

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
O.v-DEFOWLYD
(on-fowlyd,
s.)

365
alia

rosus ;
bastarde.

et

supra

in

B.

Immaculatus, ijicontambiatus.

Ondoar,
Ondoare,

or expownare. or

Expo-

On-gentyl be
On-gylty.

fadyr,

and moder.
innocens

sitor, interpres.

Ybridus, UG. V. in U.

dystroyare.

De-

Immunis,

structor, dissipator, confusor. Ondoare, or opynnare of thyng-ys

(inculpabilis, p.)

On-gracyows. Ingraciosus, acaris,

schet or closyd (expowndare, s.)

CATH.

vel acharis, c. f.

Apertor.

OoN handyd

(on handyl,

s.)

Ondoon,
et

or dystroyyn. Destruo, alia supra in destroyofi

Mancus, et manca, cath. On-hap, or myshappe. Infortu nium, disfo rtuniu

(confundo, extermino, P.)

m
infelix,

Ondon,

or expownyn. Expono, interpretor, resero. Ondoon, or ondo lokys or spe-

On-happy. Infortunatus,

Ondoynge,

ryngys (springes, p.) Aperio. or dystroynige. Dis-

disfortunatus. Onehede, or on a-cord (ooned, H. p.) Unitas. (Onhillyn, k. or oncuryn, supra.

sipacio, destruccio (confusio, P.)

Discooperio, detego.)

Ondoynge,

or expownynge (expowndyng, s.) Exposicio, declaracio, interpretacio. Ondoynge, or op(y)nynge of schettellys, or sperellys (on-

On-holsum
Insalubris.

(or on-sety, infra.)

Illesus.

On-hurte. Ony, or ony

pynnynge

schettys, s.)

Apercio
s.)

thynge. Ullus. Onyd.' Unitus. Onyn to-gedyr (onjTi, or vnyn

(ajiericio, p.)

Oone eyyd
noculus,

(one eyyle,

Moluscus,

Onynge
nacio.

to-geder, p.) Unio, aduno. to-gedyr. Unio, adu-

monotalmus,

CATH. et c. F. monocula, lusca. Onest. Honestus. Oneste, Honestas. (Onestly, k. Honeste.') On evyrysyde. Undique, circumquaque (^undicumque, ubicimque, p.)

Onyment,
entum.

or oynement.

Ungu-

Onyone. Sepe. On-kynde yn herte

K.
p.)

(or ongentyl,
acaris,

Ingratus,

CATH. On-kyynd,
of kynde.

or now^t after cowrs

Onfestyn, idem quod on-losyn (idem quod on-solvyn, s.) (Onfotyd, supra in ofotyd, K.) On-gentyl, supra in oncurteys. On-gentylle of kynne. Ignobilis,

Innaturalis.
herte.

On-kyndely yn
tanter, acaride.

Ingra-

On-kynde yn
Innnturalis.

kynde, or nature.
Innaturaliter.

degener,

c.

F.

ingene-

On-kyndely.

The

participle

" oned,"

PUT

to-geder, and onyd.

united, occurs in Chaucer, Cant. T. v. 7550. Continmds.

Compare

366

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(onknowyn, k.)
Ig-

On-kxowe

notus, incognitus.

Ox-KNOWYNGLY.
ignote, inscienter.

Ignoranter,
lUegittimns.
lU.egittime.

Onpacyent. Inpaciens. On-pacyently. Inpacienter. On-powderyu.^ Insalsus, cath.

et c. F.

O N L A w F u L L E.
Onlawfully.
On-leefulle.
nepharius.

'

On-powdery'D,
saUtus.

on-saltyd.

In-

lUicitus, neplias,
IlUcite, nepharie.

Onprevyn,
preuyn, h.

or

s. p.)

(inimprevyn Improho.

On-lefully. On-letteryd.
matus,
mate.
c. F.

Illiteratus, afrra-

On-profytable. On-profyta BLY.

Inpunitus.

InutiUs. InutiUter.

ON-PUNsc(H)YD(onponysshed,p.)

Oyi-LETTERY DL\.IUiterate,agra-

ON-PUNScHYD,or wythe-owte punschy(n)ge.

Only. Solomodo. On-lothesum.

On-lysty, or
lystles.2

Inpune.
p. Impunite.) (onwhelmen, p.)-*

(Onponysshingly,
Deses.

On-qwelmyn

On-meuable. ImmohiUs. On-meu(a)bly. ImmobiUter. On-mevyd. Immotus.

Desiqjptino, discooperio.

Onmyghty. Inpotens. On-myghtly. Inpjotenter. O N-N UM E R A B e. / n u merabiUs.

O^sysvMERABLY. ItinumerabiUter.

On-qwemable.^ Inp lacab iUs. On-qwemably. InjAacabiUter. On-repentaunt. Inpenitens. On-repentawntly. Inpjenitenter.

On-ryghtefulle.

Injustus.

'

LEFULLE.
p.

The proper distinction is evidently made in the Promptorium between lawful and Compare lawfulle, legitimus, p. 289, and lefulle, or lawfuUe, licitvs, 293. The etymology of the two words is manifestly distinct, the first being derived
lah, le.r
:

" LawfuUe, the second from Ang.-Sax. leaf, permissio. Vnlefulle, illicitus, illeceljrosus." cath. faustus. Legitmms, bonus, secundum legem hahitus, vel to make lawfulL ANG. By Wicliff this last word is written " leveful," Licitus, lefull." ortus. facitis, VFhich approaches more closely to the original orthography, and the distinction is obW. Thorpe, in his examination by Abp. Arundel, 1407, served by the old writers. stated that he had said that the law of Holy Church teaches in the decrees that no servant ought to obey his lord, child his parent, or wife her husband, " except in lefuU This document was published by Tindal from Thorpe's autograph. things and lawfull.'' The same phrase occurs in the Statutes of the Gild of St. Francis at Lynn, 1454, reRichards, vol. i. garding the summons of the fraternity " in lefuU and lawfuU tyme." Palsgrave renders both "laufull" and " lefull," French, ^^ licite, toysible.'"' 478. ^ Compare lysty, delectabilis, p. 307 lusty, or lysty, delectuosus, p. 317. Ang.Hence the negative Ustless, indifferent, Sax. lystan, e//e, CM/;erc; \-^st\\ce, libenter. See ow^lyst man, Deses. having no desire.

from Ang.-.Sax.
legalis,
licitus.

Lefulle,

licitus,

" Legitimo,

3
*

See powderok, and powderyd wythe salt, hereafter. This word is placed between oxsadelyn and on-wyndyn, as
;

if

written ox-

WHELMYN. Compare ovyr ciwelmyn, p. 374, turnon, or qwelman, aud whelmyn. ^ See avEMYN, or plesyn peesyd, or qwemyd, &c. Ang.-Sax. cweman, plncere.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
O.V-RYGIITEFULLY.
Injlisfe.

367
snpra
in

(Onsittingly,
semely, p.)
et

on-

(Onsaddde,
thoke.^

as fysche, infra in

Humorosus, cath.

UG. insolidus.y

Onsadelyn
fro

hors, or takyii a-wey hein byrdenys. Desterno,

Onstabyl. Instahilis. Onstabylly. Instahiliter. Onsteuefast, idem quod

stabyl,

vn-

supra.
Instahilitas.
ontollerable.

CATH.

Onsauery. hisipidus. Onsaveryly. Insipide. On-schame-fast. Injmdens,

Onstedefastnesse. On-sufferabyl, or
in-

IntoIIerahilis, insufferabilis (^insustentahilis, p.)

verecuyidus, effrons. N-sc H A M EF A s T L Y. Inpudenter,

invereciinde, effronter.

On-sufferably
p.)

(or intoUerably,

IntoIIerahiliter.

Indecens, inconveniens, disconveniens. On-semely, or yn on-semely wyse. Indecenter, incnnvenienter, disconvenienter. On-sety, idem fjuod on-holsum, {Insaluhris.) supra/'

On-semely'.

On-tawhte. Indoctus, instructus. Ontelleable. Inenarrahilis. On-thende. Invalidus. On-thendly. Invalide. On-thende, and fowl, and owt
cast.''

Ahjectus.

Onthryfyn.
Onthryfty,

On-th(r)yfte.5

On-syghty. Invisihilis. On-syghtyly. Invisihiliter. On-syttynge, idem quod

semely, suprct (on-lykly,
sitthige,
s.

Devigeo. Devigencia. idem quod ons.)

thende (on-tryfty,
onondurisipus,
s.

On-tydy. Intemj}tatus(intemptus,
intemperatus, P.)

supra onsemynge,

p.)^

On-tydely.

See SAD, or hard. Solidus. Compare Ang.-Sax, un-sida, pravitas, vitium ; or un-siS, iter infelix. Teut. on-sedigh, male moratus. 3 Neither the adjective, nor the impersonal verb sitteth, it is beooming, occur hereafter in the Promptorium, but they are not unfrequently used by Chaucer, Gower, and In Trevisa^s version of Vegecius, B. ii. c. 18, it is said that " it semed other writers. vnsittyng that he ^at shulde receyue of the Emperour lyverey, clothing, and sowde, shulde be occupied in eny o)>er office but in the Emperours werres.'' Roy. MS. XVIII. A. 12. " It sytteth, it becometh, il siet : it sytteth nat for your estate to weare so fyne
^

palsg. Wrath, in the Vision of Piers Ploughman, v. 282o, complaining of the and discipline to which he was subjected in a monastery, says,
furres."

austerities

"

I ete

there unthende fisshe,

feble ale drynke.''

And

Mr. Wright explains the word as signifyingunserved, without sauce. Ang.-Sax. benian, ministrare. 5 The reading of the MS. admits of a slight doubt here, as from the similarity of it appears to be on--thyste as also in the Winch. MS. on-thryste. s. and f.
;

Compare thryfte and thryfty, CAMD. SOC.

hereafter.

3 B

368

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(oi*

Ox-TRUSTY

on-trysty,

s.)

oppnynge,
E.rposicio.)

n.

openynge,

p.

TnsecKVus, infidus (injidelis, v.) Ox-TROSTLY(oiitruly,oruntrustly.

InJideUter, insecure, p.)

(Oposyn,
K. H.

s. p.'

aposen, in supra Oppono.)

Ox-TREWE.
On-tre\vly.

Infidelis.

Injideliter.

Opposynge. Ojtposicio. Oppressynge, or ouer ledynge

(oppressyon, s.)

On-ware.

Incautus. Incaute. On-waschyd. lUotus.

Oppressio.

On-W'ARLy.

On-wyndyn,
twyndyn,
s.)

or on-twynyn (on-

Detorqueo,CATH.

On-wyse.

Insipiens, imprudens,

inscius (stuUus, p.)

On-w"ysely.

Imprudenter,

tn-

sipienter, inscie.

On-wytynge. Ignorans. On-wytyngly. Ignoranter. On-wurthy. Indignus. On-wurthyly. Indigne. On pylgyrmage (sic, opylgr}-mage, K, h.
s. p.)

Opvn. Apertus (pcdulus, p.) Opun, fulle knowyn. 3Ianifestus. Opunly. Manijeste, p^aUmx. Opvn synnare, wythe-owtyn' PupUcanus, pupUschanae. cana, cath. Oratorye. Oratorium. (Orcherde, supra in appullyerde. Pomerium.) Ordeynyd. Ordinatus, constitutus.

Ordeynyn. Ordeynyn,
be doii.
stituo.

Ordino.
or settyn a thynge to

Peregre.

Statuo, constituo, in-

Opyn, or opnyn. Aperio. Opynyone. Opinio. Openynge, or ondoynge of

is

Ordynawnce,
schetJ>at

ordynacyon. or Ordinacio, constitucio, ordo.

K. h. p.)

tynge (opning, vndoynge of

sperd, k.

undonynge that

is

Apercio. (Opnyng, or expownynge, k.

hyd, p.)

(Ordyr, s. p. Ordo.) Oore, for rowynge (ore, Remus.

s.

Orfrey

of a

w^estyment- (vest-

1 Cliaucer uses the verb to appose, signifjing to object to, or put to tlie question " I oppose one, I make a tryall of his lernj'Dg, or I laye a Cant. T. V. 7179, 15,831. thyng to his charge, ie apose. I am nat to lerne nowe to appose a felowe, a apposer un gallant.^'' palsg. See Towneley Myst, pp. 193, 19.5. - This term seems to be directly takea from the French orfrais, orlow Latin orfrea, the band or bordure of embroidery with which rich garments, and especially vestments Menage supposes it to have been formed from aurum of sacred use, were decorated. Phrygium, attributing to Phrygia the invenlion of such embroideries. The orfrey was gold. The most originally, but not always, as tlie name expresses, a work broidered remarkable specimens existing in Englaud are the relics of vestments discovered at Durham, in the tomb attributed to St. Cuthbcrt, and wrought by ordcr of Queen See the note on the word fanvx', jElfleda for Frithelstan, Bp. Winchester, A.D. 903. The skill of the embroiderers and goldsmiths of England from an early period p. 149. had extended their reputatiun over the Contineut. The following statement occurs ia " Anglice nationisfemine multum the Gesta Gul. Ducis Norm. et Regis Angl. p. 211 (iCH et auri texturd, egregie riri in omni ralent artificio.''' In the Chronicle of Casino, it
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ment, s.)
rarii
dicit.

369

Aurijigmm,

c. f. et

orgon'.

NECc. aurifi-igium, glossa

Me-

Cantcs, cati\. ydraula, BRiT. vocahula musica.

of a

Orryble.

Orgone.i

Organum.
(organer, s.)

Oryel
Ors.)-

Orgonyster
-ca,

(^H)orridus, horribilis. wyndowe (of windown', Cancellus, cath. inten-

gonista, organicus, orgonicus,

dicula,
tre.'^

KYLW.
tre,

-cum, CATH. Orgon pyPE, or

(Oryelle
pype
of

supra in aldyr
c. f.)

an

Alnus,

appears that the jewelled work termcil Ani/licum opns was, at the commencement of the Xlth cent. in high esteem even in Italy (Murat. Script. Ital. iv. 36'0 :) and in the times of Boniface VIII. about the year 1300, aiC mentioned "v. aurifriyia, quorum iij. fiunt de opere Cyprcnsi nobilissimo, et timim est de opere Anglicano, et unnm est ad smaltos.'^ Lib. Anniv. Basilice Vatic. ap. Joan. Rubeus. Among the gifts of Thos. Langley, Bp. Durham, who died 1437, were a vestment of crimson velvet, " casuld, ij. tuniculis, et capd principali habente orfrays consimiles auri de Ct/prys,'' and other vestments of baudkyn, with " orfrays de baudekyn rubeo, contexV cum cervis el avibus auri de Cyprys,''' &c. Wills and luv. Surtees Soc. i. 88. The orfrays seem to have been frequently separate, so as to be used at pleasure with the vestment of colour suitable to the day. Inventories and wills aflFord innumerable evidences of the extraordinary richness of these decorations, and curious information as to the perfection to
arts were carried in England at a remote period. precise period when the use of the organ was introduced into Britain has not been ascertained it is supposed to have been first used in France in 757. Compare Ann. Fr. bre>ies ; Ann. Francorum and Eginh. Ann. Pepini which concur in naming Eginhard also mentions the arrival in France that year as the date of the introduction. of a priest from Venice, who was able to construct organs, in 826 but the instrument does not appear to have been generally used in Western Europe before the Xth cent. At thdt period Elphegus, Bp. Winchester, constructed an organ, the melodious sounds In the time of Edgar, of which are highly commended in the verses of Wolstan. St. Dunstan, who died 988, caused " organa''' to be constructed for the churchof Glastonbury, according to Joh. Glaston. and in that of Mahnesbury, where he bestowed " organa, ubi per ereas Jistnlas musicis mensuris elaboratas dudum conceptas follis vomit anxius auras." W. Malmesb. Life of Aldhelm, Bp. Shirburn, founder of Malmesbury Abbey. Numerous curious particulars are recorded respecting the use of organs and Croyland, where there in England, as at St. AIban's, in Cott. MS. Nero, D. vii. were " organa solennia in introitu ecclesie superius situata," as well as smaller organs choir. Portable instruments, called frequently regals, were much in use, and in the very curious reprerepresentations occur in many illuminations and sculptures. sentation of the organ exists in Eadwine's Psalter, Trin. Coll. Camb. R. 17, i. and has been copied in Strutfs Horda, I. pl. 33. Organs were imported from Flanders, as apthe price of a pair pears by the Louth accounts, about the year 1500, Archseol. x. 91 It appears suitable to be set up in the rood-Ioft of that noble church being ,13. 6s. fid. that the usual term, a pair of organs, has reference to the double bellows whereby coa'

which the

The

or, according to Douce, to their being formed with a tinuous sound was produced See 0'Connor's curious observations on the early use of organs double row of pipes. and psalmody in the Irish church, Hib. Script. iv. 153. 2 '^ Est cancellus pro ald palacii, j/arvum foramen parietis, intersticium inter propugnacula, niuralorum parietes sive tectura, sicut que ctandunt chorum. Dicitur et canLittle can be added to Mr. Hamper's cellus feneslra reticulata. Prov. vij. 6.'' cath. curious memoir on Oriels, Archaeol. xxiii. in which he explains the varied uses of the term. 3 The ORYELLE is possibly the small variety of the aller or alder, givenby Parkinson
;

370

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Orlagere,
orlage
or he
jjat

Orynal, or vrynal. UrinaJe. Orysoxe. Oracio. Orlage.i Horilogium.

as
is

kepythe an
p.)
-

(the orlage,

Ho-

ruspex, vel horispe,i; cath.

altmsfoUo incano, the hoary alder, p. 1409. Mr. Hartshorne states that the alder on the Herefordshire side, co. Salop, the orl. The alder is called in the North eller, whence may be derived many names, as EUerbeck, AUerthorpe, &c. " An ellyrtre, alnus.^' CATH. ANG, Alnetum, an allnr grounde.'' ortvs. '^ Aulne, an aller, or alder-tree." cotg. Ang.-Sax. alr, alnus. 1 Compare DYALK, or an horlege, p. 120; and pyxne of an orlage, or other lyke schowynge the owrys. Sciotirus. Hence it seems that orlage, implying generally aa indicator of time, signifies here either a sun-dial or a clock. " Au horlege, horolo()ium. An horlege lokar, //or!^A7;ex." cath. axg. " //oro/o^f?/??;, an orologe, a clocke. Horoscopus, i. horarum inspector, an orologe niaker, or a keper of a clocke." ortus. " Oriloge, a clocke, horiloge.'" palsg. In the sense of a dial the term occurs in the " Isaye be profete clepide yuwardly ^e Lord, and 'SVicliffite version, iv. Kings, xx. 11 browjte a^en bacward by x. degrees he schadewe bi lynes, bi whiche it liadde go doun l^anne in J^e orologie of Achaz." Daines Barrington has given observations on the earliest introduction of clocks, Archseol. v. 416, but could fiiui no instance of an horoloffium, which, being described as striking the hours, was undeniably a clock, and not a dial, previously to the construction of the remarkable clock near Westminster Hall, supplied out of a fine imposed on Rad. de Hengham, Chief justice of the King's Bench, 12b8. But there can be little question that clocks were in use at an earlier period. It may be doubted whether the " Oreloyium insigne '' given by WilUam the Sacrist to Sherborn, in the Xllth cent., were of this nature (Sherborn Cartulary, in the possession of Sir Thos. Phillipps) and the /iO/'o/o^i?n, or alarum, the fall of which before the liour of matins gave the alarm of the conflagration of the church of Bury, in 11.98, as described by Jocelin de Brakelonda, p. 78, appears by the context to have been a kind of clepsydra. Numerous notires might be collecied regarding the orloges of a later time, such as that in Canterbury Cathedral, which cost '30, in 1292; and tbe celebrated one given to the Chunh of St. Alban's in 1326, by Abbot Ric. de Wallingford, which, as it is stated, Cott. MS. Nero, D. vii. f. 196, surpassed any otherin England, or even in Europe, according to Leland, Script. Brit. ii. 401 A remarkable clock still exists at Exeter, generally regarded as the gift of Bp. Courtenay, who was consecrated 1478, but jt is highly probable that it is the same horologium which is named in Pat. 11 Edw. II. 1317. Frequent mention occurs of " ^oro/o^n' i?e^fs /w//-a ;>ia/a/2M?w Westm',^' as in Pat. 1 Hen. V. in favour of the keeper, Heu. Berton, " valectus camere Regis ;'' and in tlie Acts of Privy Couucil, especially in 6 Hen. YI. 1428, vol. iii. 288, where accounts of repairs done to the " orelege " may be found, which supply curious terms of the craft. Amongst the valuable effects of Hen. V. enumerated 1423, was " j. orlage, fait al manere cVun nief, Vargent preis' par estimation, Ix.s.'' Rot. Parl. iv. 210". Fabyanrelates, on tbe authority of Gaguin, that amongst the presents sent A.D. 807 to Charlemagne by the King of Persia " was an horologe of a clocke of laten of a wonder artyfycyall makyng, that at euery oure of the daye and nyghte, when the sayd clocke shuld stryke, images on horse backe ajiperyd out of sondry jilaces, and aftir departid agayn by meane of certayne vyces." Part VI. c. 156. To such a device Horman seems to allude when he says, f. 231, v, " Some for a tryfuU pley the deuyll in the orlege aiiqui ia nvyis tragedias agunt." It seems, however, certain from the Chron. Turon. Martene, Coll. Ampl. V. 960, and Eginh. Ann. Fr. that Charlemagne's " horologe " was a clepsydra. Abp. Parker devised in 1575, to the Bp. of Ely, ''baculum meurn de cannu Indicd, (jui horoloyium hahet in siimmitate.'' See Professor Hamberger's curious dissertation on clocks in Beckman's Hist. of Inventions. - The orlagere seems to have been properly the keeper of a clock, but sometimes a
called,
' ^

PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.

371
et

Ornament.
Oronge,

Ornarnentum.

et

media dicitur howsleck,

fructe.'

Pomum

citri-

num, citrum, cath. in medica (^pomum oi'ientale, p.) Orrowre. Horror. Orpud (ornwode, s. sic pro orpwode?)^ Audax, hellijjotens.

minima dicitur stoncrop. Ortus, releef of beestys mete.'' Ramentum, kylw. ruscum, CATH. et c. F. OsAGE, or vsage. Usus.

Okpyn,

herbe.*^

Crassula major.

OsYERE (osy^er, h. COMM. vitulamen.

p.)

Vimen,

clock-maker was so called. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. 68, directions are given for watch and ward, when an army is encamped, especially for the out-watch by night, " \>e whiche must be departede in foure quarters of he nyght, the whiche quarters most be departede by the orlageres {ad clepsydram sunt divifKB.y The daily fee of the orlagere of the King's clock at Westminster, 1 Hen. V. was sixpence in 4 Hen. VI. the yearly reward to the clock-maker, besides incidental expenses, was 13*. 4d. Actsof Privy Council, vol. iii. The rapid advance of civilization and luxury during the reign of Edw. III. induced foreign artificers to settle in England, as appears by the Pat. 42 Edw. III. which grants safe conduct for three " orlagiers," natives of Delft, coming to exercise their craft in England. Rymer, vi. .590. 1 Le Grand d'Aussy, Vie Privee des Fran^ais, i. 246, could not trace the introduction of the orange to an earlier period than 1333. It is said to have been brought from China by the Portuguese, but it is more probable that its introduction into Europe is due to the Arab conquerors of Spain. A document preserved in the Tower, and cited in the valuable Introduction to Household Expenses in England, presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. records that in 1290 a large Spanish ship arrived at Portsmouth, from the cargo of which Queen Eleanor purchased a frailof Seville figs, dates, pomegranates, 15 citrons, and " vij. poma de Orenge.'''' A full account of the properties of this fruit may be found in the curious compilation written early in the XVtli cent. Arund. MS. 42, f. 33, v. Oranges are mentioned as a present, Paston Letters, ii. 30; and repeatedly in the Privy Purse Expenses of Hen. VIII. Pynson, in the Boke to lerne French, gives " aples of orrenge, pommes ^''orraingne." 2 This word, signifying stout, courageous, is used by R. Glouc. Govver, and Lydgate. " His folk ful of orpedschype Quicliche leputh to hepe." K. Alis. v. 1413.
;

Trevisa likewise, in Iiis version of the Polychron. speaks of " an orped man, and stallworth." The epithet is applied to hounds in the Master of Game, Cott. MS. Vesp. Dowglas, the monk of Glastonbury, in his Chronicle, Harl. MS. B. XII. f. 63, b. 4690, speaks of the conflict of Edw. III. with the Normans in 1347, " atte the brigge of Cadon, manly and orpedly strengthed and defended," f. 82; and again, in his relation of the hasty expedition of Edw. III. to Calais, 1350, says that " he towke wij> him )>& nobleis, and he gentelles, and o]'er worj^i and orpedde menne of armes,'' f. 83, v. Hearne's Glossary to Rob. GIouc. See also Caxton's Chron. f. 37 and Jamieson, Compare Ang.-Sax. orpedlice, palam, somn. V. Orpit. 3 " Acanius, Anglice, orpyne." Harl. MS. 1002. Gerarde gives Crassula major, Crassula fabaria, common orpyne, liblong, or livelong. This herb Spanish orpyne was called also in French orpin. " Orpyn, an herbe, orpin.'''' palsg. Skinner would derive the name from Belg. oor piine, aurium dolor, in allusion to its narcotic properties. * " Ortys,yo?T(/o, rMirw*, or fodder." cath. ang. The word orts, fragments of victuals, which occurs in Shakespearc, is still vulgarly used in many counties in the it is pronounced aughts. the Salopian and Craven Glossaries, andNares. South See
;

372

PROMPTORIUiM PARVULORUM.

OspYTALLE.

Hospitale, zenocenodochiu^a, dochhim, vel CATH. orphanotrophium. OspRYNGE, of kvnred, idem quod kynrede, siqyra in K. (ospringe or kenrede, k. or kyndrode, s. JProgenies, prosapia, stirps.) OosT of menne. Excercitus. OosT, geste. Hospes. Hostia (saOosT, sacrament.

OsTRYCHE, byrd. Strucio, c. f. Ote, or havur corne.' Avena. Othe, of swerynge. Juramentum. Oothe, or woode.'- Amens, demens, furiosus, furihnndus.

Otur, watyr

beest.

Lutricius.

Owe

dette.

Debeo.

OvE.vE. Furnus, banus.

fornax,

cli-

Owhte,
OwYNE,

cramentum,

p.)

or sumwhat (ovt, h.) Quicquam, quid, adverbia.

as

OosTAGE,
infra.)

or plegge

(as a wedde,
f. vas,

myne owyn' (owne,

p.)

Obses, c.

cath.

OsTEL,
p.)

pligius. or inne of herborowe (in,

or herborwe, k.

s.

of harborowe,

Hospicium, diversorium,

OsTELERE.

hospiciarium, com M. Hospiciarius, hospiciaria, hospes (Jiospita, p.)

(osteles, s.)

OosTESSE

Hospita,

hospiciaria.

Projjrius. OvYR. Ultra, trans. OvYRAL. Ubique, utrohique. OvYR CASTE, or ovyr hyllyd. Pretectus, contectus. Ovyrcumme (or ovyr settyn, Siipero. infra.}^ OvYR HYPPYN, or ouer skyppyri, or passe a-wey, and levyn.'* Omitto.

" Avena,

otys or havere."

In the aveyiula." cath. ang. XlVth cent. Cott. MS. Galba,

Prioratus,"'
f.

16.5, v".
;

It is

med. ms. cant. " Otys, uhi haver. Havyr, avena, Memoriale of Henry, Prior of Canterbury, early in the E. iv. " avere " occurs in the " redditus manerium repeatedly mentioned in documents connected with the

North Country

W. Turner, in see Wills and Invent. Surtees Soc. i. pp. 244, 423. his Herbal, 1551, remarks that " Avena is naraed in Englyshe otes, or etes, or hauer, Gerarde gives haver as the common name for oats in in Duche hauer, or haber." Lancashire, and observes that it is " their chiefest bread corne for lannocks, HauerThe Festuca Italica has, as he says, the comraon name cakes, Tharffe-cakes," &c. " Hauer-grasse.'' " Aveneron {averon, or avoinfolle) wild oats, barren oats, haver, or cotg. In the North, outs are still called haver, according to Brockett aad oat grass."
the Craven Glossary, but the narae seems to be no longer kuown in the Eastern counties. Hence, however, appears to be derived Haver-croft Street, the uame of a hamlet near Attleborough, Norfolk. Dan. havre, Dutch, haver, Swed. hafre, oats. - Compare Germ. Wuth, ira ; wiithig, /?zr Jo*MS ; Welsh, gwyth, anger.

Ov'YRCuxE, MS. ovyrcome, s. Compare hyppynge, p. 241 Low German, hippen, salire. Langtoft has preserved a " Couwe," or satirical ballad on Baliol, and the conquest of the Scots by Edw. I. in which the verb " ouerhipped is useJ, ed. Hearne, p. 280; and again,
2

''

p.

296
" Oure kyng Sir Edward ouer litille he gaf, Tille liis barons was hard, ouerhipped ham ouerhaf."

R. Brunne, in the Prologue to his Chronicle, as cited by Hearue, Langt. Chron. App.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Ovy(r)
or ovyr levynge (over Omissio. OvYRLEDARE (or ovyr settar, Oppressor. infra.y

373
Lltra, preterea,
Ehullicio.

hyppynge,

OvYR MORE.
ulterius.

skyppynge, or chyppynge, s.)

OvYRPLAw.2

OvYR settar,
ledare, supra.

idem quod ouer

or ovyr comyfi.^

OvYR LEDYN,
jjrimo.

or oppressyfi.

Op-

OvYR SETTYx,
Confuto.

OvYR LEDYXGE
supra.)
ledyr, n.)

(or oppressynge,

Supero, vinco. OvYR SETTYN, or dyscomfytyn.

Opjpressio.

OvYR LETHYR

of a schoo (ouerImpedia, dicc. et

(OuERSETTiNGE, p. OvYR SETTYNGE,

Oppressio.') or ovyr syt-

KYLW. OvYRLY. Superficialiter. Ovyrlytyl(l)e. Minus,

nimis modicum.

(OuER SKYPPYN,
vel

OvYRLEVARE
Superstes.

aftcr

nojjer.

OvYR MYKYLLE

(oucr moche, p.) Nimis, vel nim(i)us.

tynge of dede or tynie. Omissio. siqjva iii ovvr hyppyn. Omitto.) OvYR THROWYN, aud castc doon. Obrtio, prosterno. OvYR (tyr)vyn (ovyr tyrvyn, K. ouerturnyn, s. ii. ouyrturuyn, P.)"^ Suhverto, everto.
Wace's
rymes,
original

to Preface, p xcviii. states tliat be had followed

moie

closely than

Peter Langtoft liad done

t^at

" For mayster Wace

Pers ouerhippis

\>e

Latyn

alle

many tymes."
;

The verb " overhuppe," to skip over, occurs Gower uses " overhippeth " in a like sense
See Frytl>'s Works,
p. 17
;

Udal, Hebr.

c.

P. v. 8167, and 10,395. occurs also in writers of the XVlth Cent. 11. "I overhyppe (or ouerskyp) a thyng
it

in Vis. of Piers

in redyng, or suche lyke, ie irfispasse.

overhyppe, le trespasse, and

ie

passe.

Loke

you ouerhyppe [surpussez) nothyng, remember that the thynge that is well doone is twyse done, and the thyng that is yuell done muste bebegon agayne." palsg. Howell,
prefixed to Cotgrave's Dict. 16(J0, observes that " the reason why the many consonants is, to make the speech more easie and fluent." To hip, signifying to hop, is still used in the North. See Brockett and Jamieson. ^ This verb is used in Vis. of Piers P. v. 2001 ; and by Lydgate, Boccace, v. 104, as quoted by Mr. Halliwell in his Glossary, Coventry INIysteries, in which it occurs alsoin the like sense of over-reaching, or over-bearing, p. 262. To lead, as it has been observed p. 293, was used in the sense of carrying, as by Rob. Glouc. p. 416, " lede and
in the

Grammar

French

o're hips so

brynge," where he speaks of loaded wains passing frozen streams during the severe To over-lead appears to be taken in the same manner as to carry winter, A.D. 1092. and to bear are used, denoting behaviour or demeanour. Palsgrave gives the verb " I overley, as a tyrane, or myghty man ouerlayeth his subiectes, declared in I oppresse." 2 See PLAWYX ovyr, hereafter. " I oversette, I overcome, declared ' Syettyn, ms. ouersettyn, k. ovyr settyn, s. in I ouercome, I vaynquysshe or get the vper hande of one.'' palsg. A blank space has been here left by the scribe, the first syllable of the word TYRVYN being apparently defective in the MS. from which the transcript was made. TERWYN occurs hereafter in the sense of to V!eary,fatigo ; but it seems very question

374

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(ouerqwertlv, ouerthwart,
k.
p.)'
|

OvYRTHWERT
ovyr wharte,

Owle,

or howle, byrde.

Buho,

s.

cath.
OwLYST.-'' Desidiosus, segnis (tediosus, s.)

Tramversus.

O VY R T H w E r( T ) L y
K.)

( ouerqwertly

Transverse.
or ouer hyllyde.-

OwLYST MAN,
list,

or

womaun (ow-

OvYR QWELMYD,
Ohvolutus.

Ow LYSTHEDE.
or

OvYR QWELMYN,
(ouerwhelmyn,
p.)"*

qwelmc

Deses. Desidia, segnicies. O WM AWTYN, or swo\vnyn'(sownyn,

or vnl(u)stv, k.)
s.)*^

OvYRSLAY
liminare.

Suppino. Superof a doore.'*

Sincopjiso, c. F.

0(w)mawtynge
nynge, p.)

(or Sincopis.

swow-

able, notwithstanding tliat tlie King's Coll. MS. agrees with the Harl. ^MS. in the reading, tyrvvx, whether the scribes may not inadvertently have taken n. for u. and

Compare turnon vpse doune, subverto. the true reading should be ovyr tyrnyn. 1 Chaucer uses over-thwart in the sense of across, and of over against. See Towneley " over twhart, and endlang." " Ouertwharte, au travers de, de trauers, Myst. p. 85, It^ sont corrigei, de long et de as, Et soudayn il luy myt fesjJte au trauers du corps. Forby gives overwhart, across, as to Oueithwartly, paiiiersetnent." palsg. trauers. plough overwhart, or at right angles to the former furrows. Higins, in his version of Junius, renders " Transtra, the\reinsa.ms, or ouerthwart beames." A.-Sax. jjweorh, Dan. tvsert, perversus. 2 Skinner supposes whelm to be derived from Ang.-Sax. ahwylfan, ohruere. Compare Chaucer uses the verb to over-whelve, as in Boec. ii. where also hwealfian, camerare. he speaks of the North wind which " moueth boiling tempeste, and ouerwhelueth the Fabyan, ann. 1429, describes a barge, which, running verso concitat aqnore." see against the piers of a bridge, was "whelmyd;" but here, as in other passages, it is difficult to define whether the precise meaning of the word be to overturn, or to cover " I whelnie an holowe thyng ouer an other tliyng, le mets dessus. Whelme a over. platter vpon it to saue it fromflyes." p.\lsg. " No bodie lighteth a candle, and hideth it in a priuie derke corner, or couereth it by whelming a bushell ouer it.'' Udal, Luke " To whelve, vide cover." gouldm. Compare ox-quelmyn, p. 366. xi. 33. 3 Compare turnon', or qwelman. Suppino. R. Brunne, in his version of Langtoft, p. 190, relating how King Richard smote a Soudan such a blow on the helm that he fell backwards, and was unhorsed, says " J^e body he did ouerwhelm, his hede touched " I wyll nat curse the, but an olde house ouerwhehne the, ie puisse \>e croupe.'' rennerser, or ragrauanter.''' palsg. 4 The following passage occurs in Gaut. de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220
;
:

" Al entri det hus

est la

F.t outre la teste ta

tyme (the therswald, al. threshwald,) suslyme (the ouerslay.)"

In SirThos. Phillipps'sMS. " ouerslauth ;" in Femina, MS. Trin. Coll. Camb. B. 14, " Superliminare, ouerslay." Vocab. Harl. j\IS. 17 40, " te suislyne ^e ouerchek." Horman says, " I hytte my heed C. xvir. " Superliminare, ouer lytys." med. ageynst the soyle, or transumpt {hiperthyron, superliminare.)'"

Compare oxlysty. Deses.

See Jamieson's observations on INIuth, exhausted with fatiguc, Mawten, and I\Iait. These words may be derived from Fr. mater. " I mate, or ouercome, He hath vtterly mated me, aniattS.^' p.\lsg. Compare Teut. rad^M, fessiis A.-S. meSis, defatiyatus.
^
;

PRO.MPTORIUM PAUVULORUM.

375
interjectio.

OwMBRER
p.)^

of bacenet (owmbrere of basnet, K. h. vmbrere, or basnette,s. owmbrer' or a basnet,

OwTE, owT. At, at, OwT, or qwenchyd, as

lyghte.

candylle, or

Extinctus.
E.vitUS. or a-woydaunce.

Umbraculum. OwMPERE, supra in nownipere.(Arbiter, seques(e).) (Ow(n)RE of a schyp, or sch^plord, iiijra.^ JVavarchus, cath.

OWTE

GATE.

OwTYNGE,

Eva-

cuacio, deliberacio.

OwTE LAW.

Exlex, c. gatus {exul, relegatus,

F. utles.)

navargus,

c. f.)

OwTLAWYN.
Hora.

OvvKE

of the day, or nyghte.

OwRE OWENE.
OwTAS,
crye.-*

Noster.

Utlego, extermino, UG. V. in T. secundum scripturas cartarum.

Utlegacio,
e.vter-

Tumultus, c. f. OwTE CASTE, or refuse. Refutamen,refutamentum{ctbjectus,^.^ OwTE CASTE, or refusc, or coralyce of corne (coralys,
s.

OwTLAWRY.
minium, UG.

v. in T. {exilium,

UG. V. in T. relegacio, s.)

careyle

OwTERAGE, orexcesse. OwTRAGYN, or doon

Excedo.

E.vcessus. excesse.
k.)^

of corne, p.)^

OwT,

or owte {sic, s.)

Cribalum, c. f. Extra,

OwTE TAKYN
Excipio.

(owtakyn,

foras.
1

in Smithfield before

ovmbere, wwira," cath. ang. In the relation given by Stowe of the combat Henry VI. 1442, between John de Astley (whom he calls Ansley or Antsley) and a knight of Arragon, it is related tbat the latter with his axe " stroke many strokes hard and sore vpon his basenet, and on his hand, and made him loose and let fall his axe to the ground, and brast vp his vmbar threetimes, and caught his In the dagger, and would haue smitten him in the face. " Annales, p. 383, ed. 1631. Survay of London, B. iii. this word is misprinted " brake up his uniber.'' From this passage it seems to be evident that the owmbrer was a defence that covered the face, Ijut it is not clear in what respect it differed from the visor, with which in previous " Umbrell tiraes the basinet had been furnished, when used without the tilting helm. of an heed pece, uisiere.'' palsg. Itoccursalso - SeeTyrwhitfsGlossary, . Nompere; Chaucer,Test. of Love, i. 319. " An ovmper, impar." cath. ang. in Vis. of Piers P. v. 3149, signifyingan arbitrator. ^ In the other MSS., as bkewise in the printed editions, tliis word is written owner. now It must be observed, however, that the verb to owe, A.-Sax. aSan. possidere, Bp. Hall speaks of the Deity as " the great written own, occurs very frequently. ower of heaven." Sermon at Exeter, Aug. 1G3T. R. Brunne, in his version of Langtoffs Chron. p. 339, relates how Sir John de Waleis, being taken prisoner, was hung at London

"

An

"

him doun eft, and his hede of snyten, And born to London brigge fulle hie with outheys." " Yet saw I woodnesse laughing in his rage, Armed complaint, outhees, and fiers outrage." Cant.
SiJ>en lete
y'

Tales, v.

2014

an outas and clamour be made upon the Lord Scales." Paston "God graunte See Ducange, and Spelman, v. Hutesium, Huesium. Letters, vol. iii. 136, circa 1450. * See coRALLE, or drasse of corne (draffe ?) p. 92. See Langtoft's Chron. Hearne, p. 332. In the Wicliffite version, Exod. xxii. 20 is

CAMD.

SOC.

'3

376
OxE,
beest.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Bos. Oxonia.
sufferens, tollerans, animequius,

OxEFORTHE.

CATH.

Alius, alter. OJJYK, or othyr.' OJjYR TYME. Alias.

Pacyn

(in

godnesse, k. h. p.)

Excello, preceUo. Pacyn yn goodnesse, or badnesse.

Pace, of goynge.

Passus.
Preterio,

Pace forthe.
gredior.
(

pro-

Pacyx ovyr. Pacyn ouer

Excedo, sujjeremineo. Transgredior,

trans(c)endo.
))e

Pass A ge ouer a water, s. Vadum,

CATH.)
or sufferaunce.

see,

or watyr.^

Pacyenxe, Pacyexce,

Pa-

ciencia, siifferencia, toUerancia.

herbe.

Pacyext
tlius

of suffervnge.

Paciencia. Paciens,

Transfreto, transmeo. Pacyn, yn walkynge, or goynge be the wey (supra in pace forthe, Preterio, cath. p.)

Paddok,

toode.*'

Biifo.

rendered " He \>a.t ofFrib to goddis, outakun to \>e Lord aloone, be slayn {prceterquam Domi?io," Vulg.) Chaucer uses " out take '' in like manner, Rom. of Rose and " out-taken," excepted, Cant. T. v. 4697 as likewise does Sir John Maundevile, In the account of a scandalous assault which occurred in the reign of Voiage, p. 301. Hen. VI. Rot. Parl. V. 111. it is said, " He vilanously toke of all the attire of her hed, " I out take, I except. I wyll ron also her clothis of her body, otake her smokke." as swyft as any man in this towne, I out take none, for a bonette, le ^''excepte nul. Out takyng, exception. I outcept, ie ej:cepte,'' &c. palsg. Othyr, or othyr, ms. 0)nr, k. 0)>er, or othyr, s. Other, p. The alphabetical position shows that th. has here been substituted by the second hand for the character \>. as likewise in the succeeding word, which in the MS. is written othyr TYME. J'. always occurs in the penultimate place, as in tlie Anglo-Saxon alphabet. ^ In Pynson's edition the following distinction is here made Pace ouer the see. Pace ouer water. Transtneo. " I passe, I go ouer, or passe for by, ie Tranxfreto. in hande I sawe hym nat to daye, he passed forby euyn Wylte thou beare me passe. nowe, il passa par icy. I passe my boundes, I ouer esteme myselfe, ie me surcuyde, and ie me mescotif/noys." palsg.
:

The

strange diet of the natives of Taracounte, in India,

is

thus described

" Evetis, and snakes, and paddokes brode, That Iieom thoughte mete gode." Kyng

Alis. v. 6126.

" Pade," a toad, Awntyrs of Arthure, ix. 10, is in one MS. written " tade." See also Syr Gaw. and Sir Gal. i. 9. In the later Wicliffite version the frogs that came up oa See Cov. Myst, p. 164, the land of Egypt, Exod. viii. 6, are called " paddockis." and Glossary Towneley IMyst. p. 325. " Paddocke, crapav/t. bely crowleth ^^ {croulle) I wene there be some padockes in it {yrenouilles.)''' palsg. Biifo, " Grenouille, a frog, a crapaut, a Tode, a paddocke." Junius, Nomencl. by Higins. paddocke." cotg. "A paddock, rana pagana." gouldm. See Nares. Argent, a This word has not fess between three frogs vert, is borne by the name of Paddock. been noticed by Forby Moor gives Paddock and Pudduck, signifyinga toad, in Suffolk, and Ray gives it as a word used in Essex. Brockett states that in the North it denotes a frog, and is never applied to a toad. See Jamieson, v. Pade, a toad. Hence is derived the old name for a toad-stool, still in use in the North, according to Brockett. padokstole, boletus, fungus, tuber, trusca, asperagtis.'" cath. axg. Gerarde
;

My

"A

PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM.
P.A GE.

377

Pageta,pedissequus, pedes,

Payare
Payyd,

DICC. Page of a stabylle. stahularius.

of hyrys, or mony vnder a lorde. 3Iercedarius, cath.

of dette. Solutus, peror plcsyd,

Equarius,

solutus.

Pagent.i

Pagina

(sic, s. p.)

Payyd, and qvemyd,

Patche,
clowte,

or clowt sett on a thynge (pahche, k. pacch, s. patche

sett

Placatus. Payyn. Solvo, persolvo.

to

a thinge,
c. f.

p.)

Payle,
trale,

or mylke stoppe.

Mulmultra,

Scrutum, pictaciiim,

multrum,

vel

Pay, or payment. Solucio. Payare, Solutor, solutrix.

CATH. (Payment, idem quod

pay, k.)

In the Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 144, v", calls Fungi " paddock stooles." boletus is rendered " a padokchese," as likewise in a list of herbs, MS. Ant. Soc. 101. " Futigus, a stede stole." med. Ang.-Sax. pada, l/ujb; Teut. padden-stoele, boletus.
or be the pres. part. pseceand, of the Ang.-Sax. verb psecan, decipere, to illude by simulated reThe primary signification of the word appears to have been a stage or presentations. scaffold, which was chWqA pagina, it may be supposed, from its construction, being a machine compaginata, framed and compacted together. The curious extracts from the Coventry records given by Mr. Sharp, in his Dissertation on the Pageants or Mysteries performed there, afford definite information on this subject. The term is variously written, and occasionally " pagyn, pagen," approaching closely to the Latin pagina. The various plays or pageants composing the Chester mysteries, each of which is appropriated to one of the trades, are entitled, " Pagina prima, de celi, angelorum, Sfc. Incipit Pagina secunda, qualiter Deus creavit mundum, creacion{e). The tanners' play. See Chester Plays, Wrighfs edition from 8fc. The drapers' playe ;" and so forth. Add. MS. 10,305. A curious contemporary account has been preserved of the construction of the pageants at Chester during the XVIth cent. " which pagiants weare a high scafold with 2 rowmes, a higher and a lower, upon 4 wheeles. " Sharp, Cov. Myst. p. 17. The term denoting the stage whereon the play was exhibited subsequently denoted also the play itself but the primary sense, clearly defined by the Coventry documents, is observed by several writers, as by Higins, in his version of " Pegma, lignea inachina in altum educta, tabulatis Junius's Nomenchitor, 158.5. etiam in subJime cresceniibus compaginata, de loco in locum portatilis, aut qua vehi " Pegma est Eschaffaut, a pageant, or scatlbhl." potest, ut in pompis fieri solet machina super quam statue ponuntur." ortus. " A. pidande, lusorium.'' cath.ang. " Pagiant in a playe, mi/stire." palsg. " Fercules, the thing whereon images or Pageants are carried also beers for dead men. Pegmate, a stage or frame, whereon Horman says, " There were v. coursis in the feest, Pageants be set or carried." cotg. and as many paiantis in the pley. I wyll haue made v. stag^ {sic) or bouthis in this playe I wolde haue a place in the middyl of the pley {orchestra), that I myght se (scenas.) euery paiaunt. Of all the crafty and subtyle paiantis and pecis of warke made by mannys wyt, to go or moue by thera selfe, the clocke is one of the beste." lu this passage the term seems to be taken as denoting stage machinery. Of the gorgeous pageants set up by the citizens of London on occasions such as the reception of the Emperor Charles V. 1522, detailed descriptions have been preserved by Hall, the See on this subject CoIlier's Ilist. of Dram. Poetry, ii. 151, and the Chronicler. Appendix to Davies's Muoicipal Records of York, 8vo. 1843.
1

Skinner suggests that pageant

q. d.

may

be derived from the Greek

Trd-yo), irr^yfxa,
it

" Belg. Waeghen, currus,

ctirrus pompaticics."

Tooke considers

to

378

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Panis
k.
vigoris.

Payxmayne.^

Paynyn
Paynyn,

(payiiim,
or hethyn.

p.)

Pa-

leyd on a dede body (on a dede mane, or woman, s.) Capulare, UG. in capio.

ganus, pagana,

gentilis.

Ethnicus.

Pa k k e. Sarcin a-,fa rdellus. Pakky'X. Sarcino, fardello (indorso, s.) Pale, of coloure.

Pale, for vynys. PcuriUus, comm. Paleys, loordys dwellynge. Palacium.

PaJlidus.

Pale,

or palys of a parke. or pelle,

Palus

(vallus, P.)

Palle,

or other clothe

Palenesse, of colowre. Pallor. Palet, or roof of the mowthe. Palatum. Palet, armowre for the hecd.Pelliris, catu. galerus, catii.

1 Various conjectures have been made on the origin of tliis term, derived by Skinner fvom panis maitttirius, by Tyrwhitt from Maiiie, tlie province where it might have been made, perhaps, in great ptrfectioa, and by Sibbald hom pain cVamand, almond bread.

Mr. Pinkerton explains it as signifying the chief bread, the bread of main, or strength. and " mayne bread " in It is called " breid of mane," Dunbar, Maitl. Poems, p. 71 Forme Sir John Neville's accoiints of the expenses of his daughter's wedding, 1526
; ;

It would bence of Cury, p. 180, where the item also occurs " 6 doz. Manchetts, 6*." appear that Jamieson's conjecture thatbread of mane and manchet-bread aresynonymous " Maene, i. wegghe, libtnn lunaium. Wegghe, is questionable. Kilian gives Teut. panis iiiticeus, libum ohlonyum.''' Compare "wygge, brede, hereafter. Tbe derivatioa thus Chauceruses is obscure, but the term clearly denotes bread of a superior quality Gower also the simile " white as paindemaine,'' Sire Thopas, Cant. T. v. 13,65.5 " paindemaine " as a delicacy fit for the rich alone. Conf. Am. vi. In the speaks of Anturs of Arther at the Taruewathelan, it is said that
; ;

" Thre soppus of demayn Wos bro^te to Sir Gauan, For to comford his brayne."

St. 3", ed.

Robson.

The

279, f- 10, supplies instructions for the preparation of sach consolatory " Lyode Soppes. Take mylke an boyle it, and l^anne tak ^olkys of eyroun, sops. ytryid fro ^e whyte, an draw hem ^orwe a straynoure, and caste hem in to J^e mylke, an sette it on J^e fyre, an hete it, but let it nowt boyle, and stere it wyl tyl it be som what Jiikke ('enne cast \>iix to salt and sugre, an kytte fayre paynemayunys in round soppvs, an cnste J^e soppys t>er on. and serue it forth for a potage.'' In the Forme of Cury repeated mention occurs of " flour of payndemayn," probably the fine white see pp. 27, 30. The delicacy called " cryspes " was flour of which it was made composed thereof, p. 73 and " payndemayn " itself is mentioned, pp. 34, 65. The Issue Roll of Exch. 27 Hen. VI. 1449, records the payment of ^'10 to John Eton, baker of " paynman " for the King's table, in consideration of good services, and the great charge incurred by him in providing bread for the Sovereign. It appears also that in 1455, in the Household of Hen. VI. there were, in the Office of the Bakehouse, one " Yonnn Pay(n)men-baker," and a groom. Household Ordin. jiublished by Ant. Soc. p. *19. " Payne mayne, ^joyn de boucfie.'" palsg. " Payn de bouche, as Pain mollet. A very light, very crusty and savory white bread, fuU of eies, leaven,

Harl.

MS.

and
-

salt.''

cotg.
usually formed of leather or cuir-bouilli, whence " Pelliris, galea e.v coreo et pelte." cath. Galerus, a coyfe of lethere." med. In Vocab. Roy. MS.

PALET was a kind of head-piece, the name seems to have been derived.
'

Pelliris, a

helme of

letliyr.

PIIOMPTORIU.M PARVULOIIUM.

379

Palfrey. Pahtfvidus, manmis, CATH. c. F. gradarius, cath.

Pallyd,
Palyet, Pallyn,
or
rior.

ale, K.)

Paly
s.)'

of brynne (payly, or brynne, closynge.

drynke (palled, as Jiinnrtuus, c. f. lytylle bed. Lectica, c. f.

as as ale

Cantabrnm. Palyck, or pale of

Palus.
17 C.
s:ir3',

aud drynke
p.)'^

(ale

other

licoure,

Emo-

Charpentier likewise cites a Glosis given " Cassis, palette." which gives " pe/lyris, /teaume de cuir oii de pel.'' Palet appears ^' jialet : sorle d'armure de tete." to have been a tenn adopted from the Frencli ROCH'EF, It is not evident whether there was any distinctive difference between the palet and the kettle-hat. Compare ketylle hat, Pelliris, galerus, p. 273. Minot, alluding to the battle of Cressy, in a poem writteu about l.'55'i, tclls the Frenchman, " Inglis men sall jit to-jere Knok thi palet or thou pas." Poems, p. 31.

XVII.

f.

MS. Reg.

56, v", Paris,

it is Possibly tlie word may here, as Ritson and Jamieson explain it, imply the scuU so used by Skclton, who makes Elinour Rumming threaten her garrulous customers with broken " palettes," v. 348. In the Inventory of armour and effects of Sir Edw. " Item, j. basenet, cum aduentayle, de Appelby, 48 Edw. III. 1374, are these entries prec'' ij. inarc\ Item, ij. ketelhattes, et ij. paletes. ;;rec' vj.*. viij. rf." Sioane charter, xxxi. 2. Charpentier cites a document, dated 1382, which describes a knight as '' ai-me d'un hauheryeon d'acier, un palet encamaltic sur sa ieste." lu the curious Inventory, in tlie possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, of tlie effects of Sir Simon Burley, beheaded 1388, occur, under the head " Armour pur la guerre. j. paller {sic) de asser : j. palet The Stat. 20 Ric. II. 1396, enacts that de quierboylle, coueri de stakes btanc et vert." no person sliall ride armed, by night or day, " ne porte palet, ne chapelle de ferre, n'aulre armure," rendered in the Englisli version " sallet, nor skuU of iron." Stat. of Realm, ii. 93. In the Kalend. of Exch. iii. 309, ilie foUowing remarkable example of " Une corone d'or d'Espaigne, <|-c. j. palet the palet is mentioned, 22 Ric. II. 1398. d'or d' Espaigne, qe poise e7i nobtes, cccc.x.v.li. garu'' ove gross' tjalei/s, perles, ifc. ij. Jowes pur mesme te palet, garnis' ove saphirs, &cc. j. gross' sapfiire, baleys et pertes en le couwer du d'ce' palet ; xxxvj. pertes en iij. botons, et ij. claspes pur mesme le It does not appear whetlier these palet.'' Tlie entire value was estimated at 1708. In tlie costly items were royal gifts from Spain, or merely of Spanish workmanship. curious extract from the MS. version of Clariodes cited by Sir Walter Scott, notes to Sir Tristrem, fytte 1, it is said that amongst the various fasliions of head-pieces some Tlae list of military stores at Hadlegh will have " a pryckynge palet of ])late the cover.'' Castle, in the grant by Hen. IV. in 1405, to Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, comprises " doublettes, jakkes, basynettess vysers, palettes, aventailles,'' &c. palet coverd wyth rede velvet " is mentioned in the bequest of armour by Sir Wm. Langford, 1411. Sarum Registers. In 1 450 the proclamalion of Hen. VI. forbade all men to bear armour or arms, as "pa/ettos, toricas," &c. Rymer, xi. 262. ' Compare bren, or bryn, or paley, p. 49 and syvedys, or brynne, or palyys. This word is to be traced to hat. palea. " Pailte, chaffe, the huskewherein corn lieth.''
; :

"A

COTG. 2 " Palde, as

ale,

defructus." cath. ang.

Lydgate says,

in the

Order of Fools,

"

Who

forsakith wyne, and drynkithe ale pallid, .Suche foltisshe foolis, God lete hem never tlie !" Harl. MS. 2251,

f.

303,

"

I pallc,

as drinke or bloode dothe, by longe staadyng ia a thynge, ie appatlys.

This

380

PnOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or pylgryme.
Pe.ve-

Palmare,
grinus,
et

peregrina.

Palsye, ParaJisis, paraclisis. Paltok.i BaUheus.

Palme.

Pahna.
of wulle, or loke, supra.

Pankake.

Laganum,

c. F.

(Palme

Palma.)

Pante, or parte of a thynge (party, p.)' Pagina (pars, p.)

drinke wyll pall {s'appallyra) if it stande vncouered all nyght. I palle, I fade of freshenesse in colour or beautye, ieflaitris." palsg. In the Customs of London, Arnold's Chron. p. 85, are given articles desired by the commons of the city, such as that the Mayor and council should enact that all barrels of ale and beer be filled quite full, " after thei be leyde on the gyest for by reason that the vessels haue not been full afore tyme, the occupiers haue had gret losse, and also the ale and byere haue palled, and were nought, by cause such ale and biere hathe taken wynde in spurgyng."' In the versiou of Beza's Sum of the Christian Faith, by R. Fyll, Lond. 1572, f. 134, it is observed of the usage of the Church of Rome, " It is meruaile that they doe not reserue the vpine as well as the breade, for the one is as precious as the other. It vcere out of order to saye they feare the wine vrill eger, or waxe palled, for tbey hold that it is no more wine." ' It is worthy of remark that Baltheus, which usually denotes a belr, or arminggirdle, seems to be taken in the Promptorium in the sense of a close-fitting or closely girt garment, such as was used first under armour of mail, or of plate, to bear off the weight, and preserve the skin from being chafed, and subsequently in the place of armour. Compare cote armure, p. 95 dobbelet, p. 124 and iakke of defence, Sir Roger de Norwico bequeaths, in p. 256 ; all of these being rendered Baltheiis. " unum paltoke de veluete 1370, armis meis ; unum par de platis, cooperttcm cum rubeo veluet,'' Scc. Harl. ]\1S. 10 Transcripts from Norwich Registers. Mention occurs of the " paltok," in Vision of Piers P. v. 12,122 14,362 in both passages as a garment of defence. Camden, in his Remains, in the chapter on apparel, cites a history called Eulogiura, which seems to have been written about A. D. 1400, and mentions, amongst extravagant fashions used by the commons, " a weed of siik which they call a Paltocke their hose are of two colours, or pied with more, which, with lachets which they call Herlots, they tie to their Paltocks without any breeches." Here the term apparently does not designate a military garment. The Ordinance of Peter, Duke of Brittany, to call the nobles and archers to arms in 1450, directs that " lesnohles tcnant au dessoiis de Ix. li. de rente aient hrigandines ou a tout le nioins hons paletocques, armez de nouveHe /bfon, sayis manches, a laisches de fer, ou mailles sur le bras." Monstrelet states that the town of Neelle surrendered to the Comte de Charrolois, A.D. 1464, on condition that the men-at-arms should be at liberty to depart with their harness, " et les archiers s'en iroient en leurs pourpoints, ou paletoz, chacun tine veryette en sa main." Chron. iii. c. 1 12. The term seems here to denote a military defence of an inferior description. According to Roquefort the paletot was a kind ot' puurpoint, or a sort of military cloak, so called from palla, or as Borel suggests, from peltum. " ^cupicta, i. vestis acu texta, a paltoke, or a doublette." med. " Bomhicina, paltoke.'' Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 44, v". " Paltocke of lether, jue//?'ce. Paltocke, a garment, " Palletoc, palthoc, a long and halcret. Paltocke, a patche, palieteau. " palsg. thick Pelt, or cassock a garment like a short cloak, with sleeves or such a one as most of our modern Pages are attired in." cotg. Spanish, " Paletoque, a jerkin with short skirts." mixsheu. Skelton uses this term to denote a patch, as given by Palsgrave, or some kind of head-gear, in a Poem against Master Garnesche, addressing him " Ye cappyd Cayface cojuous, your ))altoke on your pate." Ed. Dyce, i. p. 118. thus - Forby observes that in Norfolk a regular division of some sorts of husbandry work,
;

mm

PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.
Pane,
of Dicc. et

381

a furrure.'

Penula,
p.)

COMM. {panula,

Panteere, beest. Pantera. Panteke, snare for byrdys.2 La(jueus,pedica,coMU.setan{i)um, COMM. (setarium, s.) Pantyn. Anelo. Pantynge. Anelacio, vel anelatus {anelitus, p.)

Panne,

vessel. Patella. of an heed. Craneum. Panele. Pagella, panellus, dicc. PANYERE(or pedde, ?'?2/"m ; pauy5er, or paner, h. p.) Calathus. Panyer, or basket, supra in B.

Panne

Pantlere.3

Panitarius.

as digging or sowing, is called a pane ; and that curtains formed of narrow stripes of difFerent colours are termed paned. In the Indenture for building the church of Fotheringhay, 1435, it is directed that the steeple should be square in the lowerpart, and,

body of the church, " hit shall be chaungid, and panes." Dugd. Mon. Ang. iii. Hall, speaking of the richly-decorated lodging of Hen. VIII. at Guisnes, 1520, says that from " the iawe pece of the selyng, whiche pece was guylte with fine golde, werewoorkes in paan paled." Healsodescribes maskers in garments of " blewesatteu pauned with sipres ;" (11 Hen. VIII.) and says that the royal " henxemenne wear coates of purple velvet pieled, and paned with riche cloth of siluer ;" 14 Hen. VIII. Ang.-Sax. pan, lacinia. Bp. Kennett, in his Glossarial CoUections, Lansd. MS. 1033, gives another meaning of the term pan, as denoting in stone houses the piece of wood that is laid on the top of the wall, and to wliich the spars are fastened, called in the South " the rasen, or resen, or resening Ang.-S. rsesn, laguear.'' " A panne of ahouse, ^aiHwa." cath.ang. '' Paneofawall, pau de miir. Panell of a wall, pan de mur." palsg. " Panne de bois is particularly the piece of timber that sustains agutter between the roofs of tv?ofronts, or houses." cotg. " Pane of furre, panne.'^ palsg. " Panne, a skinne, fell, or hide." cotg. ' "Pane,pene: Peau,fouri-ure,etoffe,cuir; de pannus.''' 'roq.vey. Joinville, speaking of the modest attire used by St. Louis, says, " Ses pennes de ses couvertouers et de ses rohes estoient de gamites (doe) ou de jambes de lievres, ou d^ai(/neau/x.'' Neccham, in his treatise de tiominibus utensilium, Cott. MS. Titus, D. xx. f. 8, \, uses the term " penula (pane)'' in a passage which has been given in the note on gryce, p. 211. 2 This term, derived from Fr. pantiere, a kind of snare whicb was used for catching woodcocks and other birds, is used by Chaucer, Rom. of R. 1621 Legende of good Women, 131. In a poem on the evil times of Edw. II. printed by Mr. Wright from a MS. in the Advocates' Libr. the complaint is made that " pride hath in his paunter kauht the heie and the lowe." Polit. Songs, p. 344. See also the note, p. 400 and Piers " A pantelle strynge, pedica." cath. of Fulham, Hartshorne's Metr. Tales, p. 122. ANG. " Pedica, instrumentum capiendi pedes animaliiim, vel laqueus, a fettom, or a " Panther to catche byrdes with, snare, or a pantel. Setorium, a pantell." ortus. panneau." palsg. " Panneau, a large net, or toile." cotg. ^ R. Brunne, in his version of Langtoffs Chron. p. 33, relates the death of King Edmund, A.D. 947, by the hand of an outlaw " pantelere," who had formerly served in the royal " panterie." The word is more frequently written panter, Fr. pannetier, 'La.t. panetarius, as by Rob. Glouc. p. 187, who says that Arthur gave " ^at lond of Aungeo Kaxe ys panter." See the account of the " Office of the Panetry," and of thedutiesof the Serjeantthereof, "whicheis called Chief Pantrerof the Kinge'smouthe." Liber Niger domus Edw. IV. Household Ordin. p. 70. " A pantelere, ubi a butlere.'' CATH. ANG. " Panitor, panista, a i)a.nter." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Panter, an " Panetier, a offycer, pannetier. Pantrye, an house of office, panneterie.'' palsg. " A ^a.nt\eT, panis cnstos, promus," gouldm. The term is still prepantler." cotg. served in the surname Pantler.
after being carried as high as the

turnyd in

viij.

382

PRO.MPTORIUM PARVULOKUM.
Paniforium,
vber.
vel

Pa(x)trye.
panitria.

Parcare.
lucarius.

Indagator,

kylw.

Pappe. Paper.

MamiUa,

Papirus, cath.
for chylder.
in

Parceyvyd. Parceyvyn.
c. F.

Perceptus. Percipio, perpendo,

Papatum, P. jjapa, catii. applauda, CATH. Pakable. Parahola, enigma

VG. V.

Papmete

Parceyuyn,

or take heede. rnadverto, adverto.

Ani-

Parceyvyxge.

Percepcin.

(^peradigma, p.) Paradyce. Paradisus. Paraf of a booke (or paragraf,

Paakche
CATH.

pecyn, or benys. 2^>7^o, ustillo, UG. V. in T.

Pa kc h em yn e.
c. F.

Pergamenum,

Paraphus, paragraphus, cath. Parafyd. Paragraphatus. Paraffyn. Paragrapho, kylw. Paramowre.' Preamatus.
H.
paragraffe,
p.)

CATH. membranum,memhrana,

Parchemyxere. Memhranarius. Parchyd, 8s pesys, or benys

(pesone, k. pesyn, p.)

Fresus,

Parhullitus. Parboylyn mete. Semihullio, cath. parbul/io. Parboylynge. Parhullicio. (Parbrakyxge, or spwynge, or brakvnge, supra.^ Vomitus,
ero)jiitus.)

Parboylyd,

CATH.

Parcyal,

more holdyth than wythe a no))er, for favowre, or couetyse. Parcialis.

or he that
part,

wythe on

Parcloos.3 (Pargulu7n,
locutorium, s.)

vel per-

"AY>&rnmom-,filo7-cium,etc.vbia\emman." cath. axg. " Paramour, a man, Paramour, a woman, dcnne peramottr.'' palsg. word is used by Skelton, in his Poem on the flight of the Duke of Albany, v. " I cast my gorge, as ahaulke doth, oraman y' parbraketh, ie desgorge, 322. ed. Dyce. 2LnAievomis. 'P&rhreV-^ng, uominsement. I ^Arhreke, ie vomis,ax\Aie gomys. Itisashreude " He wyll nat cease fro surfettynge, tyll he be token, that he parbrakyth thus." palsg. redy to parbrake." horm. Andrew Boorde saysinhis Breviary of Health, c. 373, " Vo1

acrjincie. 2 This

mitns : in English it is named vometinge, or a voniit, or perbrakinge.'' See Parbreak, and Braking, Jamieson. Tliis word is retained iu the Devon dialect, signifying to straia in vomiting. See br.\kynge, p. 47. CompareTeut. braecken, Dan. braekkesig, vomere. 3 This term appears here to be taken as denoting the open screen, which serves in a convent to permit occasional intercourse with the e.xternal world, in the parlour, or /ocutorium, which also, in those monasteries where silence was enjoined at other times, was reserved as a place for occasional discourse. Pargulum appears to be the diminutive of pargus, a corruption of parcus, explained by Ducange as signifying " septum quo oves includuntur." These screens or gratings were also termed locutoria fenesira. " Parclos to parte two roumes, separation.'' p.\lsg. " Cinclidce are bayes or parclosis made aboute the places of judgeinent, where men not beinge sutars may stande, beholde, and here what is done and spoken amonge the juges and pledours. Such a lyke thing is at Westmynster Hall about the conimon place, and is called the bekens. Face?-?-^, percloses or rayles, made of tymber, witliin the whiche some thynge is enThis term is frequently used in connection with ecclesiastical architecclosed." ELiOT. as in the contract for carpentfr's work in the Beauchamp Chapel, Warwick, ture
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Pardon'. Inch(l<yencia, Pardonere.' Questor.

38-3

Parformyn,
ficio.

or fulfylly?i.2

Per-

Pare frute. Peripshno. Parfyte (parfyjt, k. parfyth,

parfight, p.)

Paarformyn
ii.

(orfulfyllyn, k. r.)

Parfytnesse.

Perfectus. Perfeccio.
parfight,

Exefpior. Parformynge. Complecio, j)erfectio.

yn dede.

Parformyd
K. p.)

{supra in

Perfectus, completus.

Pa(r)get, or Gipsum, c.

playster for
F. litura.

wallys."'^

A.D. 1450,

as regards " a parclose of tymber " to be construeted about an organ-loft, to stand over the west door. Dugdale, Hist Warw. Walter, Lord Montjoy, gives directions in his will, A.D. 1474, for the enibellishment of a ehapel in Uerbyshire " with

perclose, and two altars without y"^ quire." Testam. Vet. i. 335. Blomfield describes the " perclose, or cliaiiel included with canccUi or lattices," constructed A.D. 1500, in the Church of St. Martin at the Plain, Norwich. Hist. Norf. ' The pardoner was an ecclesiastic authorised by the liead of the Roman Church to travel throughout Catholic Europe for tlie purpose of vending pardons or iudulgences, with the intention of raising a sum for some speeial purpose. Chaucer, in his lively portraiture of the Pardoner, Cant. T. V. 710, shows the expedients and pretences to which such itinerants had recourse, in turning to profitable account the superstition or ignorance of the people, a practice to which a check was given by several councils. They were termed questores, or questionarii, in French questeurs. Frequent allusion is made in the Vi.sion of Piers Ploughman to the abuse of the authority of the Church, which rendered the credulous a prey to crafty itinerants. By Stat. 22 Hen. VIII. c. 12, all proctors and pardoners travelling the country without sufficient authority were to " Pardonere, pardunnier." palsg. be treated as vagabonds. - To perform, as frequently used by the old wiiters, has the sense of to work, to bring to completion. Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, says, " Donaas the doblet maker hath performed my doublet, and my iaquet." Amongst the disburseraents for building Little Saxham Hall, 1507, givcn by Mr. Rokewode, in the Hist. of Thingoe Hundred, Sufifolk, p. 145, is a payment to " Oliver mason for performing a dore.'' Parforner or parfournir signifies, according to Roquefort, achever, completer. " I performe (Lydgat) ie achieue, declared in I parforme." palsg. 2 This term is thus used in the later Wicliffite version, Eccl. sxii. 21 " As ournyng (ejjcr pargeting) ful of grauel in a cleer wal, so and a ferdful herte in he J^ou^t of a fool ccementa sine impensd posita contra faciem venti non jjermanebunt,''' Vulg. In the Accounts of vSir John Howard, A.D. 1467, is the foUowing entry " Item, the vj. day of Aprylle my mastyr made a comenaunt wyth Saunsam the tylere, that he schalle pergete, and whighte, and bemefelle all the new byldynge and Iie schal have fore his labore xiij.*. iv.d." Househ. Exp. presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 395. Amongst the charges for building Little Saxliam Hall, A.D. 150(i, are payments " for lathing, pargetting, tiryng, and white casting all the roves, walles, particyons, &c. for pargetnients, and zelyng with mortre and here." Rokewode's Thingoe Hund. pp. 146", 148. Horman says, in the chapter </ere./iVZ(/ica<o/-/a, " Some men wyll haue theyr wallys plastred, some pergetted, and whytlymed some roughe caste, some pricked, some wrought with playster of Paris. Quidam parietes amunt
:
: ;

aquireand

qnidam f/ypsum inducunt ; quidam altjaria ffrummulis ; quidam puncturis distingunt quidam malthd eos convestiunt.^' " I parget or whyte lyme, ie vnie, and ie tjlanchis. I wyll perget my walles, for it is a better syght. Pariettefor walles, 6^ancAMsere." palsg. " Trw/mare, to parget." elyot. " S^nalto, Smaltato, pergitted." W. Thomas, Ital. Grammar, 1548. " To plaister, orpergitte. camd. SOC. 3 D
loricatos, et iectorio vestitos

aspergutit

,-

384

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Parlowre.
c.

Pargetyn wallys. Pargettyxge (or

Gipso, linio. spargettynge of wallis, infra.) Gipsacio, (gipsiari, infva; gipsatura, p.) Paryd, as breede. Decrustatus,

Locutorium, cum secundum cath. Parrok, or cowle.' Saginarium, KYLw. cavea, c. f. pargulus,

non

q.

NECC.

et

DICC.

COMM. Paryxge,
and

Parrok,

or caban.

Preteriolum,

or parow(re) of frate, othyr lyke. Peripsima,

et

cath. capana, cath.

Parrokkyn,

CATH.

UG. in peri, et

c. f.

place (speryn in
p.)

or speryn in streyte strey(t)ly, k.

s.

Paryxge
Paark.
jjarca.

of frute, or ojser lyke. Perijjsimacio.

closyn in streythly,

streightly,

Tndago,

c. f. et

kylw\

(Parkere, k. h. p. Indagator.^ Parlemext. Parliamentum (Jocutorium, cath. p.) Parlement howse. Concionabuhim,
c. F,

or parych, s.) Parochia. (Parour of frute, idem quod paringe, supra, H. parowre, p.)

Intrudo, ohtrudo. Paros, or parysche (pares,

Parowre
Paart.

of a vestyinent.2 tura, vel parura.

Para-

Pars.

parget or plaister, crnsio, gypso, trulliso, gypsum inducere, gypso illino, dealbo. To new-parget, or white-lyme, interpolo." gouldm. Compare spakgettyn, or pargette
wallys, hereafter. 1 Parrok of cowle, ms. or cowle, k. s. Compare coowle to closyn mennysfowlys, In the North a chicken coop is termed a hen-caul ; and the sy; p. 97. nonymous terui parrok seems to denote a similar enclosure. Ang.-Sax. pearroc, In N. Britain, according to Jamieson, a very small enseptinn ferai-iuni, clausura. closure or apartment is called a parrock, and to parrach signifies to crowd together, like fenced many sheep in a small fold. " Parrocke, a lytell parke, parqicet.'' palsg. enclosure of nine acres at Hawsted, in which deer were kept in pens for the course, was

saginarii/m

termed the Parrock. Culhim's Hawsted,

In Norfolk, according to Forby, an p. 210. enclosed place for domestic animals, as calves, is called a par, and the farm-yard, containing pars for the various animals which inhabit it, is called a par-yard. - Parura signifies, according to Ducange, opus Phrygium, embroidery of silver or see p. 368, supra. Amongst the gifts to Peterborough by Abbot gold, or an orfrey Akarius, who died A.D. 1210, occurs " alba brusdata cujus paratura violeticnm hubet colorem, et amita et stola cum inanipulo ejusdem coloris brusdata."' Rob. Swapham, Sparke, p. 104. Descriptions of a similar kind occur without number in The ornaments of the alb, properly dcsigancient inventories of sacred vestments. nated by the term parowre, were square or oblong pieces of rich embroidered stuff attached to the vestment at each wrist, and at the feet, or lower part of the alb, one before and another behind, being, with the parowre of the amice, five in number, and symbolical, as it is supposed, of the wounds on the hands and feet, and the crown of Papebrochius, Acta SS. Propyl. Maii, giving the explanation thorns, of the Saviour. The large parowre, atthe bottom of the of this usage, speaks of it as quite obsolete. exhibited in a profusiou of instances on sepulchral brasses and effigies alb in frout, is that which decorated the amice, accordiug to its ancient fashion, appears like astanding coUar above the chasuble, with which it is sometimes erroneously supposed to have been It inust be observed tbat tliese ornaments were mo.-t commonly, if not connected.
;

rUOMPTORlUM PAHVULOllUM.
Paart, or deele. Porcio. Partable. Partihilis,
bilis

385

divisi-

{partiabilis,

s.)

sunder, h. p.) Separacio, segregacio, divisio. Parvyce.' Parlatorium, ug. in

Partenere. Particeps. Party, supra in part.

Party clothe,
cath.

or clothe made of dyuers colowrys. Panniicia,

Paste Pasty

hortor. of dowe. Pasta. (or pye, hrfra.) Pastilla, vel pascilla, artocrea, cath.

pastillus, c. F. ( pasfella, p.)

Partyd
Partyd,
p.)

a-sundyr.

Divisus, se-

Pastlere.-

Cer(e)agius, cath.
beestys.

paratus.
or dyvydyd, and delte
a-bo\vte (deuyded or dalt aboute,

pastillarius, dicc.

Pasture
pastura,

of

Pascua,

c. y.

Partitus, distributus. a-sundyr, or clevyn (clyuyn, p.) Divido. Partyn a-sundyr that were togedyr yn one place. Segrego, disgrego, separo. Partyn, cantyn, or delyn. Partior, impercior. Partynge, or delynge. Pa7-ticio,

Pasturyn

pastorale, brit. beestys, or fedyii.

the pasture, as

Partyn

Pasco, cath. Pasturyn, or ete

beestys.

Depasco, pasco.

Patene,

or pateyne of a chalys (patent of the chalys, k. paten, or payten, s.) Patena, c. f.

Pateyne,

fote vp berynge (pateyne of tymbyre, k. or yron, to

distrihucio.

Partynge

a-sundyr (partinge fro

walke with, p.)^ ferripodium.

Calopodium,

properly, of the same suit, <7e erfe7w sec^fi, as the stole and maniple. Their variety was remarkable in the Lives of the Abbots of St. Albans we find '' paruras auro et " PaOccasionally tliey were set with gems aurifrigio, et acu plurnario decoratas.'' ruram positam cum perreia, et armis Anglie.'''' Rymer, X. 346. Remarkable specimens of the PAROWRE of the amice supposed to have been worn by St. Thomas of Canterbury, and preserved in the Treasury at Sens, are represented in Shaw's Dresses and Decorations. Wyntown speaks of " albys wyth parurys." See Jamieson. The term was applied to similar ornamental work on other vestments, as " chirothece parate,''' occasionally used in the same sense, as in the luventory of &c. The term apparel is M'inch. Cath. 1535, where certain vestments are named, with the " parel of the albes of the same work, of my L. Cardinal Beauford's gift." Strype's Mem. of Cranmer. 1 The parvise, a term of Greek origin, which occurs in Chaucer's Rom. of R. v. 7158, is explained as being the portico of a church, called Paradisus, ot paravisus, possibly on account of the trees which environed the entrances of the Greek churches. " Place See Ducange, Tyrwhitt's Glossary to Chaucer, and Towneley Myst. p 200. " Parvis, the porch of a Church nere a churche to walke in, paruis." palsg. ; " Hortor, also (or more properly) the utter court of a Palace, or great house." cotg. suadere, i^-c. unde hortator, hortamen, et hortatorium, i. palmatorium (sic) monachorum, locus ubi hortamina fiunt." Uguitionis Vocab. Arund. MS. 127, f. 34, v. " Pastler that baketh,/;as/(*ier." palsg. " " pasteler, j!;as<i7/ar!t<*." CATH. ANG. " Pastisier, a pasterer, or pie maker.'' cotg. jyulciarius, a pastlar." elvot. " Calopodium, a 3 " patane, calopodium, lignipes, lignipedum." cath. ang. " Paten for a fote, Calopifex, a maker of patens or styltes." ortus. stylte or a paten. Paten maker, jaa/mier." falsg. Compare galache, p. 184, and galloche, yaloche,
: :

A A

386

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(of,

Patent
seele,

K. p.)

]>e

kyngys
Semita,
Callis,

(patrone, or exawmplere, k. ex-

Patens.
of

Pathe, wey

men.

saumpyl, ii. patron or example, JExemplur. p.)

CATii. orbita.

Patroxesse.

Patronissa {pa-

Patiie, wey of beestys.

CATH.

Patryark. Patriarcha. Patronage. Patronatus. Patrone of a benyfece (patron

or patrun, p.)

trona, p.) Pawe of abeest, Palmula, jjalma. Pavynge stone, or pathynge

stone.^

Petalum, cath.
or defence (for defence, of an hande.

Pavyce,

Patroxe,
]i.

forme

Patronus. to werk

by

Pawme

Pahna.

Pattens vrere used anciently by ecclesiastics, probably to protect the feet from occasioned by the bare pavement of a church, an unbecoming practice which was condemned severcly. In Hutton's Excerpta from the Registers of the Diocese of York, Harl. MS. 6971, it is stated in an archiepiscopal visitation, A.D. 1390, " Item, omiies mhiufri ecclesie pro mnjore parte utuntvr in ecclesid et in processione patens et Ducange clogges, contra Jionestatem ecclesie, et antiquam consueludinem capituli.'' also cites an ordinance of the Cliapter of Auxerre, " non portentur calopodia in choro, suh pcend distributionum uriivs diei ;" and in the accounts of the Churchwardens of St. Mary-Hill, London, A.D. 1491, the item occurs, "for ij. pair of pattens for the Pattens, at the period when the Promptorium was comjiiled, formed an priests.'' In the Histoire dupetit Saititre, written ordinary part of the costume of a gentleman. about 1-159, his weli-supplied wardrobe, as page of the court, comprised '^ souliers et qui soicnt hlen faicts,'' of each three pair. So also in 1464, the steward of Sir patins, " Payd fore a payre of Johii Howard made these entries of expenses in London In patynys, iij.(/. For a payre patynys for my master, iij.f/.'' Household Exp. in Eng. the same year the craft of " patyn " makers of London petitioned the crown that the Stat. 4 Hen. V. which forbade them to use the wood of the aspeu-tree, as being that which was chiefly used by the fletchers, might be repealed, representing that it was the best " and lightest tymbre to make of patyns or clogges." Rot. ParL iv. 567. drawing whicli represents King John, Cott. ISIS. Julius, E. iv., affords a curious reSee Shaw's Dresses. Horman, speakingof preseutation of the jiattens of this period. various dances, alkides to those which were performed on pattens, and rendered by him " Let us daunce patende, or with styltis." gyracula. " Petalum, i.forma marmorea instar tessere quadrata, unde pavimenta temptorum 1 vel domorum et palaciorum quondam sternehantur." cath. In Norfolk a square paving " Rudus, a. pament stoone." med. " Pament of a strete, brick is called a pamment. pauiment, pauee. Paument of a strete, ^z/e. Pauyng stone, jMovea?*." palsg. - This term denotes a kind of large shield of plain wood, orcovered with skins, such as the /far/wa described by Brito in the Philippidos, x. 216, caW&A pavesia, andinFrench parois. Th. Walsingham speaks of armed;!;rfsa>-ri! in the service of Edw. III. and iu the rates of wages of the household of that king, A.D. 1.344, are mentioned " pauews, pauecos," and " peuecers,'' but in the Househ. Ordin. published by the Antiqu. Soc. these words have erroneously been printed with an n. The pavise was almost essential to the haliitarius, affording him a protection whilst winding up the cross-bow, as mentioned in tlie Chron. B. du Guesclin, v. 3106, and represented in the Life of Richard Beauchamp, Cott. i\lS. Jul. E. iv. Strutfs Horda, ii. pl. 43. Frequently the pavisarius was merely the attendant who carried that defence. In Talbofs ordinances for the army, A.D. 1419, it is directed that every " ij. yomen make them a good pavise of bordes, or of p^^p', in the beste mauer they cane best devise, that on may hold it, whiles
185.
tlie cliill
:

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

387
(pawunchere,
p.)2

P A w M E N T Pa V im entum. Pawmere.' Ferula.

.

Pawnchere
y(n)ge.

Pawncheclowt,

or

wamclowte, infra;

trype (or pawnclout,

Lumhare, renaJ.e. Pawse, of stynty(n)ge,

or a-byd-

s.) Scrutum, cath. tripa, cath. magmentum, cath. et

c. F.

Pausacio, pausa. Pawse, yn redynge of bokys. Periodus, cath. et c. f. PAWTENERE.SCasSiWcYejCATH.C.F.

that other dothe shete." Excerpta Hist. 42. In Trevisa's version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. are enumerated the naachines and great shot with which a legion was provided, such as " spryngoltes, tripgettes, bowes of brake, arblastes bende, &c. the strengthe and myghte of his shot niay nothing with-stonde, neyther hors man witb plates and haberions, ne foot man with paves and shelde." B. ii. c. 24. Again Ihey are mentioned as wall-shields, of which kinda curious specimen formed of iron is preserved in the porter's lodge at Warwick castle. " It nedethe Mt ther be good plentie of targes, pauysses, and sheldes in \>& citie, to keuer and to hill or stop the gappes of the enbatilmentes of )'e walles fro shot." B. iv. c. 6. They are also mentioned as useful in seafights. In the passage of arms between Lord Scales and the Bastard of Burgundy, A.D. 14G7, it is said, " We shalle doo armes on foote and shalle mowe bere a targe or a pavis, aftir the wille and pleasire of everich of us." Lansd. MS. 285 in the French, Harl. MS. 4G32, " pavoisine." In Sir John Talbofs great hall at Caistor, A.D. 1459, was " j. rede pavys. Item, j. target." Archjeol. xxi. 272. The pavyce was retained in use after the adoption of fire-arms. Thus Hall, in his account of the battle at Flodden, 1513, describes the furious fire kept up by the artillery on both sides : " And after the shotte was done, which they (the Scotch .') defended with pauishes, they came to handestrokes." " Tragea, a pauys." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 152. " A pavysse, " Paues to defende one with, 7);'*." palsg. " Testiidine castrum.'" cath. ang. (Ital.) a great shield, target, or paluoise. Pauese, pauesce, a kinde of target called a palueise." florio. " Wande, flagellum. Palmere, palmatorium, ferula, percussoritim." Roy. MS. 1 In tlie Equivoca of Joh. de Garlandia, with the interpretations of 17 C. XVII. Master Geoffry, probably the corapiler of the Promptorium, it is said that "ferula est

instrumentum quo discipuli percutiuntur in manibus, quod et alio nomine palmatorium " Apalmarein he sco\e,ferula, hortatorium, palmaappellatur. Anglice a palmer." " ^'ert^/a, arod or stycke wherwith childern's handesbe striken torium.'' cath. ang. in scholes, a palmer." elyot. 2 Compare BRYGYRDYLE, /MwJa?'^, rew/e; p. 51. " iMmJare, abrekgyrdyl. Renale, " /i?/e2ora, panchere." Harl. MS. 1002. " A pawncherde, a breche gyrdyl." med. renale, etc. ubi a brekebelt.'' cath. ang. Caxton says, in the Book for Travellers, " On the perche hongen your clothes, mantelles, &c. upon the keuerchief chertes, braycs a tout le braieul quand breches, with the panutcher {sic) whan ye be vnclothed In the Invent. of the effects of Hen. V. A.D. 1423, occurs the vous estes devestues.^'' item, "j. pauncher enbroudes d'or, ovec iij. bokult, iij. pendantz garniz d'argent dorrez : pris de Vargent, ovec le gower garniz des garnades, et j. bokull, et j. pendant
;

d'argent dorrez, aoc.s." Rot. Parl. iv. 221. 3 " Afar*M;;mm, a pawtenere, a powche. Cassidile est pera aucupis, vel mercipium, Cassidile dicitur pera, sarciperium, V el sacculus, a fSiUtemer or a pouche.'' med. sicatium, marsupium, moculus, loculus, crumena, &c, a paneter, a pouche, a breyded Cremena, a pautener {al. pantenet) or syluer. Lenonem lena non diligit absque gyrdel. The term " pautenere " occurs in Syr Degore, written early in cretnena." ortus. XlVth cent. In 1379 Thos. de Farnylawe, Chancellor of York, bequeaths his " paw-

388
Pa.x,
s.)

PRO.MPTORIU.M PARVULORUM.
of kyssynge (or kyssynge,

Pece, or part (party,

p.)

Perti-

Pax

Oscuhim, vel osculum jicicis. Osculatorium. brede.'

synewe.'^ (paxwex, p.)

cula, pars, porciun(cii)la.

Paxwax,
Pece,

cuppe.^

Pecia,

crater,

Peche, or peske, frute.'' Pesca, jjomum Percicum. (Pechyxge, or appechj-nge, s.)

Appellacio,
c. f.

Dicc. cratera, cath. patera, cath. et Dicc. albinus, c. F.

Pecyn, or

set pecys to

a thynge,

Ca.xton tnentions, in the Book for Travellers, tener <7e smco." Test. Ebor. i. 103. " pawteners, tasses, aloyeres, tasses." Aloiere was, according to Roquefort, tlie large flat purse, commonly worn in the XVth cent. appended to the girdle, Lat. alloverium. It appears very frequently on the Norfolk sepulchral brasses, which represent secular or " Pautner, malette." palsg. mercantile persons. 1 Of the usage in the service of the mass of kissing a small tablet of wood or metal, ornamented with some sacred figure or device, see Dr. Milner's observations, Archseol. The tahula pro pace, called in French pnrtepaix, was formed of every posx.x. 534. sible and costly material, or in earlier and more simple times of wood, whence it was called " pa.\ borde," as in the will of Sir Thos. Littleton, 1481, or pax brede. Compare brede, or litille borde, p. 48. By the synod of Exeter, 1287, it was ordained The that ia every parish church there should be " asser ad pacem.^' Wilkins, ii. 139. name was used, however, without any regard to the propriety of its application. la the will of Henry le Scrop, 141.5, is mentioned " una Pa.xbrede aryentea et deaurata.''' Rymer, i.\. 273. In an Inventory of St. Dunstan's, Canterbury, 1500, occurs " a pax borde off latin, a crucyfyx for a pax borde oflf coper and gyltt." Amongst the gifts of Abp. Chichele to All Souls, Oxford, Invent. takenabout 1460, are " vj. paxys devitro.'''' In the Inventory of St. PauPs, 1298, given by Dugdale, and that of St. George's, Windsor, 1384, splendid j7a,z'i7/a are described. ''Paj.illum, Any/ice ^pa.xhrede." ortus. The use of the pax was one of those symbolic ceremonies which were not immediately it was enforced by the Ecclesiastical Commission abolished in the Reformed Church of Edw. VI., and even rendered more conspicuous than before, as a token of joyful God and man's conscience. See the Injunction for the Deanery of peace between Doncaster, cited from Burnet by Dr, Milner. This term, which is given by Sir T. Browne, is retained in Norfolk and Suffolk, acRay gives pack-wax as common in all counties it sigcording to Forby and Moor. " Fix fax, nomen cartilayinis qud nifies the strong tendon in the neck of animals. caput humeris ntrinque ulliyatur, Yorkshire pax wax, Norf.'' Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1033. Compare Brockett, Craven Dial. and Jamieson, who would derive the word from Germ. Flachs, a sinew. Gautier de Bibelesworth says, of a man's body,
;
;

" Et si ad le wenne (fex wex) au col derere." " Le vendon, the fax wax." Harl. MS. 219, f. 150. In the curious treatise on vegeit resoluyth table remedies, Arund. MS. 42, f. 44, v", it is said of " Bdellins, Delle blod ^at is congelyd, i. cold slawyn, and cloddyd, and clumperyd, and helpet for brusAgain, f. 47, sures of he paxwax and of J^e brawn, and for congelacyon of ^e senewys.'' the virtues of capers are commended " for desese in ]>e pascwax, and in he senewys ;" and of Galbanum, f. 90, v, " it is gode for alyzere, i. J^e crompe, and for ^e spasme,

shote in l^e lacertys, i. in \>e paswaxis." " A pece of siluer or of metalle, crater, cratera.'" c.\th. axg. " Crater, vas vi" Pece to drinke in, tasse. Pece, a cuppe, 7iarium, a pyece or wyne cuppe." ortus.
J>e

tasse, /lanap.'''
>

In a roll of purchases for the palace at Westminster, preserved amongst the mis-

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or clowtyn. JRepecio,reb(r)occo,
sarcio,

889
Pectorale,

cath.

reficio.

othcr a-rayment.' racionale.

Pekokke,
CATH.

byrde. of
a

Pavo, pavus,
vestyment,
or

Peddare.2 Ccdatharius (quifacit

calathos, K.) quaxillarius, quassillariiis, c. f.

Pectoral

(piscarius, p.)

cellaneous Records of the Queen's Remembrancer, a payment occurs " Will. le Gardener, pro iij. kotjgnere, ij. picJiere, iij.n. pro groseillere, iij.d. pro j. peschere, vj.d." A.D. 1-75, 4 Edw. I. Phillips, however, states as his opinion that the peach-tree was brought from Italy with the apricot, by Wolf, gardener to Hen. VIII. in 1524. Pomarium Brit. 283. 1 The pectoral, as a sacred ornament used by the prelates of the Christian church, appears to have derived its origin from the jewelled breast-plate of the Jewish highpriest, the Xoyelov rav Kpiaeuiv, or rationale judicii, according to the Vulgate, Exod. xxviii. 15, rendered in the earlier Wicliffite version " thebreest broche of dom," in the later " the racional of doom.'' It was worn attached to the breast of the chasuble, and although never, as it appears, in general use, yet many examples present themselves in England. As regards the obscure subject of the early use of the rationale, much information may be gained from the authors cited by Ducange. It is minutely described in an ancient inventory of pontifical ornaments at Rheims, given by Marlot in the Hist. of that see, andappears to have closely resembled the Jewish breast-plate, beingformed of 12 stones, whereon the names of the 12 sons of Israel were inscribed, fixed upon cloth of gold, and attached by means of chains over the shoulders, whereupon also there were two stones called " camnyetix,'' in imitation of those which were worn by the highpriest. A second rationale for less solemn occasions is described in the same document, which resembled less closely the Jewish ornament it was formed of one stone of unusual brilliancy and size, called " camayeu,^'' around which were set 4 emeralds, and as many balais rubies. A representation of this remarkable ornament may be seen in the plate given by Du Bouchet, in the Hist. of the House of Courtenay, p. 1/4, which represents the sepulchral effigy of Robert de Courtenay, Archbishop of Rheims, who died 1323. The most remarkable representation which exists in England is afiforded by the effigy placed under Prince Arthur's chantry in Worcester cathedral, and attributed to Bp. Godfrey Giffard, 1268 1301. The rationale here appears as a square plate upon the breast of the chasuble, with a quatrefoil in the centre, and set with eight gems. This ornament appears in England chiefly during the Xlllth cent. See the seals of Joceline, Bp. Bath, and John, Bp. Winch. 1205 of Eustace, Bp. Lond. 1222, Walter, Bp. Carlisle, 1223, Ralph, Bp. Heref. 1239, Sylvester, Bp. Carlisle, 1246, Henry, Bp. Lincoln, 1300; and the effigy of Bp. Laurence, at Rochester, who died 1274. In the Invent. of St. Paurs, 1295, given by Dugdale, several chasubles are described as furnished with the pectorale, formed of gold, or clotli of gold, set with gems. Its use was not entirely abandoned at a later period it appears upon the seal of Richard, Bp. Lincoln, 1420, and in the Invent. taken at Winchester cathedral atthe another partly of gold, and six of silver gilt, all Dissolution, occur a pectoral of gold garnished with stones. Strype's Mera. of Cranmer, App. p. 25. The term pectoral occasionally designates an ornament of the cope, as in the Invent. taken at St. Paul's, and given by Dugdale, in which mention occurs of a " capa, cum Petro et Paulo in cum rotundis pectoralibus aurifrigiis,'''' &c. pectorali : Capa 2 In the Eastern Counties, according to Forby and Moor, a pannier, such as serves to carry provisions to marketj is termed a ped, the market in Norwich, where wares brought in from the country are exposed for sale, being known as the ped-market, and a dealer who transports his wares in such manner is termed a pedder. Hence is de-

390
Peude, idem quod

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
panere,

sxqyra

(calathus, p.) Pedegru, or petygru, lyne of kynrede,

and awncetrye (pedegrw,

avnsetr}-, k. pedegru, or
s.

pedygru, pedegrewe, or petygrwe, lyne or leiiy of kynred, p.) Stemma, CATii. c. F. et UG. in scalis.

Pedlare,
s.)

shapmann (chepman,
pvnne
of

Pai^ticus, UG. in parcinr.

or gretely grevyn. Crucio, torqueo, cath. Peynyn, or pynyii yn wo or sekenesse. Langueo, elangueo. Peynynge. Cruciatus. Peynys, yv\l yn horsys fete. Peyntyd, or poyntyd, or portrayd. Pictus, depictus. Peyxtyn, or portrayyti (or poyntoii,

Peynvd. Peyxyx,

Cruciatus.

Pegge,

or

tymbvr.

infra.)

Pingo, depiyigo.
or

CaiiUa.

Peyntynge,
Parona.

Pe-hexxe.

Peyce, or wyghte (peise of whyght, K.)' Pondus. Peys of a welle. Telo, in K.

kyptre (ciconia, supra.)

portrature (or poyntynge, infra.) Pictura. Peyntowre (or poyntowre, infra.) Pictor.

Peysyn, or weyyri.
libro, trutino,
c. f. et

Pondero,
catii.

Peyne. Pena. Peyxfulle. Penalis.

PEYTRELjOf horsys harneys (peyntrel,

K.)

Antela,

c. f.

rived the name by wliich the ancient Roman line of road is known which leadsfrom the great camp at Holme, on the N.W. Norfolk coast, towards Ixworth, in SufFolk, and seems to have fallen into the line leading from Thetford to Stow-market. The greater part of this road across the champaign parts of Norfolk is still called the Peddar Way, doubtless because, like the Welshman's Road in Warwickshire and the parts adjacent, the straight direction of its course caused it to be frequented by itinerant traders. The Peddar Way may be traced upon the Ordnance Survey through nearly its whole extent. It is also given in Woodward's Map of Roman Norfolk, Archaeol. xxiii. 358. There is also a vicinal road leading from Ightham, Kent, to Farnham, Surrey, which is called the Pedlars Way. The Norfolk term pack-way seems to be synonymous. Sir John Paston, writing A.D. 1473, says, " I most have niyn instruments hyddur, whyche are in the chyst in my chambre at Norwyche, whyche I praye you and Berney togedre joyntly, but nat seuerally, to trusse in a pedde, and sende them hyddur in hast." Paston Letters, V. 58. Tusser, in his list of husbandly furniture, given under September's husbandry, enumerates " a pannell and wanty, pack-saddle, and ped.'' Ray speaks of dorsers as the kind of peds or panniers used by the fish-jobbers of Lyme to bring their fish to London. The original Glossary to Spenser, Sheph. Cal. Nov. V. 16, gives this expla" nation haske is a wicker ped, wherein they use to carrie fish." It is owing to this use of peds that, in Pynson's edit. of the Promptorium, peddare is rendered piscarius. East Winch, in Norfolk, is called in old documents Pedder's Winch. " pedder, revolus, neyociator.'^ cath. ang. See Jamieson, v. Peddir. 1 R. Brunue uses the word " peis '' in the sense of weight Langt. Chron. See also Vision of Piers Pl. v. 2957 Cov. Myst. p. 236. " Peyce, a weyght, peys, pesant.^' PALSG. " When the yse raelted and brake, the payse therof brake many a stronge brydge.'' Fabyan, Chron. 6 Will. Rufus. The adjective " paisand,'' heavy, occurs in Golagros and Gawane, 463 and Chaucer uses the verb to peise, to weigli. The peys of a well appears to designate the counter-poised beam, termed also kyptre, sujJra, p. 2TG, whereby in Southern Europe, as also in other countries, water is raised.
:

PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORU^f.
or a peyr, of tweyne thyngys (peyjyr, H. peyyre,' s. peysyr of two thinges, p.) Par. Pekke, raesure. Batus. Pele, of bellys ryngynge (or a-pele of belle rjmgynge, supra.") Classicum, cath. (Pele, of owen, k. peel for J>e

391
'

Peyr,

other mater (pelet, h. p.) PiJeus, vel piliolus, rudus, c. f.

ovyn,

s.

pele

for

ouyn,

p.)

Pellura. Penitencia. Penawnte (penaunscer, h. penawynt, s. penauncer', p.) Penitenciatus, ta, tum. Pencel, for portrayynge. Peni-

Peloure, Pellure,

theef.

AppeUator.

or furrure.2

Penawnce.

Palmula, pellica (^pala, p.) Peletyr, herbe, Serpillum, pirepiretrum, p.) Spolium. (Pelle, or other clothe leyd on a dede body, supra in palle. Capulare, UG. in capio.^
c. F. (

culus,

c. F.

pincella,

kylw.

pinca,
cyue,

c. f. ( penicillus, k. s.)

t{r)um,

Pencyf, or hevy
s.)

Pelfyr

(pelfrey, s.)

in herte (penPensati(y)us, cogi-

tati(v)us.

Pencyfnesse. Pensum, cath. Pencyone, dette to be payed.

Pensio.

Pellycann, byrd. Pellicanus. Pelyn, or apelyn. Appello, cath.

Pelot, rownde stone of
erthe,

Pendawnt,

of agyrdylle.3
et

Mor-

or

daculum, dicc.

kylw.

1 rownde stone, or erthe, ms. of herth, s. of erthe, p. The term pellet, Fr. pelotte, designated the stone balls, or missiles which were projected by the mangonels, and warlike engines of early times, and by artillery, bullets of stone being disused only in the XVIth cent. Missiles formed of indurated clay have also been found, the use of which is perhaps indicated in the Promptorium. In GoJagros and Gawane, v. 46.3, are mentioned " pellokis paisand," with " gapand gunnis of brase;" and Chaucer uses the simile " swifte as a pellet out of a gonne." House of Fame, iii. Horman says, " The messenger was slayne with a pellet, glande,'' and Hall speaks of shooting " great pellettes, whiche made a greate noyse." Chron. 24 Hen. VIII. pelet of stone, or lede, " Pellet, a rounde stone, plomme.''^ palsg. See Mr. Archiglans." cath. ang. bald's observations on stone shot found in the island of Walney, Archseol. xxviii., and Mr. Porretfs notice of shot found in the Tower moat, Archaeol. xxx. Compare

"A

CALYON, rounde stone, rtidtis, p. 58. * The Stat. 11 Edw. III. c. 2, ordains that no one under the rank of a knight, and churchmen, who may spend jt^lOO in the year, " ne use peleure en ses draps,"' upon pain of forfeiture. Stat. of R. vol. I. 281. In the Romance of Kyng Alisaunder that prince is described as alighting from his steed, when having been disarmed, he " dude on a See also the passages cited in the Glossary to Syr Gawayn. robe of peolour." v. 4129. Wicliffe, in the complaint to the King and Parliament, objects that the poor were conBtrained to provide a worldly priest in pride and gluttony " with fairhorsand jolly, and gay saddles and bridles ringing by the way, and himself in costly clotbs and pelure," whilst they perished from cold and hunger. Hardyng speaks of the state of King Arthur, who was attended by a thousand knights,

" Clad all in graye of pelury preordinate, That was fuU riche, accordyng to there
3

estate."

Chron.

c.

74,

"

pendande of a

belte,

pendulum.'^ cath. ang.

extremity of the girdle appears on monumental

rich decoration of the effigies ia great variety, and i^ fre-

The

CAMD.

SOC.

3 E

392

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
of wrytys crafte, or

Pendawnt,
masunry.'

Penyworthe,
be.

PcncUcula, kylw.
Artafiis,

of what l^ynge hyt Denariatus, mimmatus.

lytylle banere.^
c. f. et
?"??

Penne.-

Penna.
Dicc.
s. p.)

Penone,

Bandum,

Penne knyfe.
(artaviis,

jiennum,

Pentawncere.'!

ug. haltheus. Penitenciarius.

tyde,

Pennare.
Pennare,
worde

Pennarium, calamarlum, cath.

or ynkhorne yn' o (penner' and ynkorne,

Pentcost

(or

Whysson

H. p.) Scriptorium, calamarium, cath. (atramentarium,

infra; Pencost, k. p.) Hec Pentecoste. Pentyxe, of an howse ende.^ Appendicium, c. f. imhulus, cath. et UG. V. in A. et kylw^ appendi,v, ug. in pendo.

(Peny, k.p. Denarius,mimmiis.)

Pepyr.

Piper.

qnently described in Inventories, as in one taken at York oatliedral, and printed in Slon. Angl., in whieli is mentioned " uita le pendant parva de aiiro Veneto, cum lapicliiius et perles." Mordaculum, in French mordunt, is usiially taken in the sense of the tongue of the buckle, but occasionally appears to signify a distinct ornaiuent of the
girdle.
'

" Pendant of a gyrdell, pendant.'''' palsg. Palsgrave gives this term, denoting a plumb-line.

" Pendant

for

carpenters,

nhieau.''
Penne is not unfrequently used by the old writers in the sense of feather: Fr. penne. In the Vision of Piers Pl. mention occurs of the " pennes of the pecok." v. 7923. lu the Golden Legend it is said that " the foule that hathe but fewe pennes or fethers, may not well flee ;'' and again, " David sayth, he flewe vpon the pennes of the wyndes." 3 A pennon was a sraall flag attached to the lance, wherebythe rank of thebearer was known. Wace appropriates it to the knight, and the gonfanon to tliebaron, but at a later Oliv. de la Marche describes the ceretime it appears to have designated the bachelor. mony of the bachelor being uiade abanneret, when the " queve du pennon armoye^^ was Trevisa, ia cut off, " et demoura quari,'''' was converted into a banner." L. vi. c. 2.5. his version of Yegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. says that " horsmen ben cleped the wynges of the hoost and thies ben cleped banarers, for they bere baners and pynons ; In an Invent. of church ornaments, in velis, Jioc estflammuiis ntuniur." B. ii. c. L tlie enumeration of banners, occurs "a pynon ofT St. Donston." Gent. Mag. viii. N.S. " Pennon, a banner, pennon. Penon, a lytell baner in a felde, pennon.^^ palsg. 571. In Lansd. MS. 225, f. 431, is given tlie size of standards, banners, pennons, &c. as set down by the Constable and Marshal. "A guydon to be in length ij. yardes and a balf, or iij. A pennon of armes round att the end, and to bein length ij. yardes." In Harl. MS. 358, f. 5, may be seen sketches of all these ensigns the getone being swallow-tailed, the penon triangular, and charged with the armorial bearing, the former being appropriated to the esquire or gentleman, the latter to the knight. " A penytenciary, penitenciarius.'^ cath. ang. The institution of this dignity in cathedral churches is usually dated from the Council of Trent, 1545 but it is certain that panitentiarii, persons authorised in certain cases to give absolution, in place of the bishop himself, existed from a much earlier period. See Ducangeand Macer. Chaucer speaks of the penitencer in tlie Persones Tale as one empowered to give absolution ia " Penytauncer. penitancier.''^ palsg. extraordinary cases. * Ina French Yocabulary, Harl. MS. 219, f. 148, v, is given " eiectice, a pentys." the Boke of the Fayt of Armes, explains how a fortress oughttobe supplied Caxton, in

"

PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM.

393

Pepyr
K. s.)'

qwerne

(pepirwherne,

Percher,

Fractillum, c. F. inoUneUum piperis, UG. in frango, fritiUum, CATH. molu piperaUs, NECC.

(perche canPerticaUs. Peercyd, orboryd. Perforatus. Penetro, Peercyn, or boryn.

candylle
dell, p.)'^

perforo.

Perawntyr
Perche, Perche,

(peraventure,

ii.

p.)

Peercynge,
inge,

or borynge (perch-

JForfe,Jbrta-ise,Jo)-tftssis.

or persinge, p.)

Perfo

fysche.

Percha, dicc.
Pertica.

racio.

parcha, comm.
or perke.^

Persley', herbe (percyly, k. percyle, s.percyll, p.)

PetrociUum,

with fresh water, cisterns being provided, " where men may receiue inne the rayne watres that fallen doune a-long the thackes of thappentyzes andhouses.'' Part ii. c. 17. " A pentis, appendix, appendicium, apheduo, (sic) ut dicit Brito; et dicitur profectum, " Penthouse of a house, a/^jutn/i*. side liyno, inenianum, side tapidibus." cath. ang. Pentys over a stall, avuent. Pentes or paues, estal, soiibtil.'" palsg. Bp. Kennett states that in Chester there was a " curia penticiarum tenta in auld penticid ejusdem civitatis." Lansd. MS. 1033. " A paire ofpepyr(\wherns,/raxillus,/retellum,pistillus,pisti!lum.'" cath. ang. 1 *'Feperc[nerne, ffregoi/r H poi/ure." palsg. See auERNE. Ang.-Sax. cwyrn, wo/a. 3 " A yierke, pertica." cath. ang. Amongst Ihe ancient furniture of the chamber the perch appears to have answered the same purpose as the clothes-horse of later The falconer had likewise his perch, whereon the hawks were accustomed to times. sit. In the dictionary composed by Joh- de Gallandia it is said, " Supra perticam magistri Johannis dirersu indumenta pendent : tunice, supertunicalia, pallia, scapularia, capa, coopertorium, lintheamina, renones, suraharre, stragule, camisie, bracce, bumbiciida et tapcta," &c. and it is added in the Gloss, " periica, Gallice perche, unde versus Perlica diversos pannos retinere solebat." Documens inedits : Paris sous Philippe le Bel, ed. Geraud, App. p. 603. Caxton says, in the Book for Travellers, amongst the appliances of the chamber, " On the perche hongen your clothes, maaIn telles, frockes, clokes, cotes, doblettes, furres, wynter clothes and of somer," &c. Norfolk a perch, or a wooden frame, against which sawn timber is set up to dry, is called, according to Forby, a perk. 3 This term appears to designate a wax candle of certain dimensions, such as it was customary to place on the pertica or pergula, a small transverse beam or bar, whereon Edw. Phillips, in the World of in churches or other places candles were affixed. Words, states that perchers were the same as Paris candle, ancieutly used in England, According to the ancient also a bigger sort of candles, commonly set upon the altars. 1331, assise recorded in the Memoriale inultorum oi Henry, Prior of Canterbury, 1285 Cott. MS. Galba, E. iv. f. 45, the Sacrist was bound toprovide for the Prior's chamber cereos of the weight of half a Ib. each, caudelas, 24 to the pound, torticios, 2 ells in length, and weighing 5Ib. each, with smaller ones of dilferent weights, some of which had the appellation " prikette,'' being 12 in. long, and weighing 8 to the pound. " Item, cande/e que vocantur pecchers continent in longitudine arv. pollic' ; unde jcviij. These appear to have been used at the Prior's table. They perchers pond' j.li. cere." are thus mentioned in the metncal treatise de Officianis in curiis Doininorum, XVth cent. under the head " de candelario of the chandeler,"
; :

"

l^at

torches, andtortes, and preketes con make, Perchours, smale condel, I vuder take." Sloaue

MS.

1986,

f. 4b',

v".

394
vel petrocilmni,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
vel petrocili-

(Perke,

or perche, *Mpra, k. h. p.

num, UG. m jjetros. Perdycle, precyous ston.^

tes, c. F.

Pertica.^

Ethi-

Peerle. Margarita, granulum,

DICC.

Peere, frute. Pirurn. Pere, tre. Pirus. Peere apple. Pirumpomwn. Peere, metche. Par (^comjmr, h.) Pere, or pyle of a brygge, or
other fundanient.

Peerle, yn
DIST.

the eye.^

Glaucoma,

(Perloynyn,
loynyn, h, p.)

idem

quod

pur-

Permutacyon,
Permutacio.

or ful changynge.

Pila.

Perre, perle.- Margarita. Perre, drynke. Piretum, necc. Peretre, herbe (or petyr, infra ;
peretyr, p.)

Permutyn',
Permiito.

or holy

chawgynn.

Perpoynt,
iifra.y

beest (or poork-poynt,

Peretrurn.
Perfectio.

Histrix, c. F.

Perfeccyone. (Perfourmyn,
fourmjai, p.)

supra

in

par-

Peryle.

Periculum.

PERSCHYN(perchyne, s. perisshen, Pereo, cath, periclito. p.) (Persid, k. h. p. Perforatus.) (Persynge, or boryng, k. h. p.
Perforacio.)

Peryle of lyfe. Discrimen, cath.

1

Aetites, from deros, aquila.

Echites, as stated in Trevisa's version of Glanvllle,

:

B. xvi. c. 38, is a stone of red colour found on the coasts of India and Persia it was supposed to be of two kinds, male and female, and two were always found in the nestof It was accounted to have singular virtues in parturition, in augmenting the eagle. wealth and affection, in keeping a man sober, and as a charm against poisoned food. See also the metrical Latin treatise on the virtues of gems, attributed to Marbodeus, There was another red stone called perides, Harl. MSS. 80, f. 100: 321, f. 68, v. according to Glanville, which cast forth fiery sparks, and when held fast, burned the

hand
-

possibly the same which is here designated as the perdycle. Pearls appear to have been considered as precious stones, their origin being imperfectly known and hence, probably, the synonym perre, from the French perrc, is " Peerle, a stone, perle." perle stone, marffarita.'' cath. ang. here given. " PALSG. The following passage occurs in Trevisa's version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. " There is neyther games ne garnementes, golde nor siluer, so shynyng 18 A. XII. of precious stones ne pery, J^at makethe our ennemyes subgettes, ne obedient vnto us, but only drede and doughtenesse of dedes of armes." B. i. c. 13. Lydgate says, in one of his minor poems,
; ;

"

When

thou art fryke and in thy flowres,

werest purpure, perreye, ore palle."
;

Thou

Make Amendes.

See also Vis. of Piers Pl. v. 5618 Cant. Tales, v. 2.938, 5926. 3 Gldconia, ms. and s. The term ylaucoma, derived from the Greek yKavK(0}ia, is rendered by Elyot " an humour in the eyen, lyke christall, wliiche letteth the " Gravin, a syght ;'' and Gouldman observes, " It seemeth to be the pin and web." perle in an eie.'' med. "A perle in y' ee, epifora." cath. ang. " Epipliora, a " Peerle in the eye, maille. Hawe in the eye, pailie.'' perle iu y^^ eye." ortus. PALSG. ^^ Maille, a web in the eie." cotg. Compare stvanye. * See pooRK P0Y'NT, hereafter. " Porkepyn a beest, ;jorc enjjin,'" palsg.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Persone, or o manne (man
K. p.)
alone,

395
;

Persona.

Petyr, herbe (or peretre, supra pertyr, p.) Peretrum.

Persone, curate. Rector. Persovvre (or wymbyl, infra TerebeUum, c. f. (tereh-um, s Pertryche, byrd. Perdix. Pervenke, herbe. Pervenca.
Pees. Pa.v. Pese, frute of corne.
Pisa.

Pewtyr,

metalle. Electrum, secundian communem scolam, sed pocius diceretur stannum, vel

stanneus.
vel Electuarius, stannarius, cath. Pyany, herbe. Pionia. (Pycture, or portratowre, infra.

Pewtrere.

Pescodde. Siliqua, cath. Pesyble. Pacijicus. Peesyd, or qwemyd. Pacificatus,

{placatus, p.) Peesyn, or styllyii of wrethe.* Pacifico, placo, paco.
c. f.

Picttira.)

Pykare,

lytylle theef.

Furculus,

pacatus,

velfurunculus, latrunculus ; et inde furcida, ^c. formantur,

Peesynge, or qwemynge.
cificacio,

Pa-

Pychare,
s.)

ut supra in mychare. pot (pycher, or pychar,

(Peske, or peche,
peesk,
s.

frute,
j.

supra;
Pesca,

Urna, c. f. ollula, cath. amula, cath. picariwn, comm.

picharius, brit. pinca,
et

peshe,

kylw.

Percicicm.) Pestelle, of flesche. Pestellus. Pestel, of stampynge. Pila, pistillus, pistellus, cath. et ug. in pinso. Pestylence. Pestilencia. Petycote.2 Tunicula, ug. in
tono.

pomum

COMM.

Pye, bryd. Pica. Pye, pasty. Artocrea, pastillulus,

KYLW. Pye baker.3

Pygge, gryce. supra in G.

Cereagius. Porcellus,
gryce.
s.)''

et alia

Pygmew
Petrus.

(pygme,

Pigmeus,

Petyr, propyr name.

'

COMM.

sopire."

" To pese, componere, mitiyare, pacificare, sedare, I styll one, le rapaise." palsg. 2 Tbe petticoat, at the time when the Promptorium was compiled, was a garment worn by men thus in Sir John Fastolfe's wardrobe, 1459, under tunice, occur "j. pettecote of lynen clothe, stoffyd with flokys j. petticote of lynen clothe, withought slyves." Archseol. xxi. 253. Horman says, " One maner of correction of thesowdiours was that they shulde stande forthe in the host in theyr pety cotis, tunicati.^^ Amongst the Privy Purse Expenses of Henr. VIII. 1532, occurs a payment to a London tailor " for a doubelet, and a pety cote for Sexten," the King's fool. " Petycote, corsent Duwes, in his Introductorie to simple, cotte simple, chemise de blanchet.^'' palsg. teach the Lady Mary the French tongue, gives, under women's attire, " the kyrtell,
styllyn, or wrethe,

ms.

cath. ang.
:

"

pease,

In 1582, petticoats lecorset : the kyrtell, la cottelette : the petycoat, la cotte simple." appear in the Custom-house rates as an article of import " Peticotes, knit, of silk, the In the time of James I. petticoata doz. i^l^, do. knit, of wul orcottin, the dosen, 30.'' of silk were still rated at 20s. each. " Cereagius, pistor qui ad modum cere deducit 2 Coragiiis, ms. Ceragius, s, pastam.'^ cath. Compare pastlere, supra, p. 385. "A peghte, pigmeus." cath. ang. According to Jamieson a deformed and
: 1

396

PRO.MPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Pyke, of a
staffe, or o]jer lyke. Cuspis, stiga, c. f. Pyke, of a schoo.- Liripium, Dicc. (Jiripipium, P.) Pyke, or tyynde of yryne (or prekyl, infra in T.) Carnica.

PvioyE, yong-edove. ColumheUa. Pyk, or pyctie (or terre, infra.y Plx, pissa, c. F. et cath. pissaxara, cath. ug. (depissa, p.) Pyke, fysche. Dentri.v, c. f. lucius, c. F. lupus, c. F.

diminutive persoa is called in tlie North a picht, and the lower orders still designateby Several remarkable relations illustrative of the this term the supposed race of pigmies. ancient popular belief in such supernatural beings are given by the old historians, such tbe account as that of the priest Elidorus, recounted by Giraldus, Itin. Camb. i. c. 8 of the demons called in England Portuni, and in France Neptuni, according to Gerv. extraordinary tale of Rad. de Coggeshale rethe Tilbur. Ot. Imp. Dec. iii. c. 61 specting the boy and girl discovered near Wolpit, in Suffolk, and kept for a long tirae by Sir Rich. de Calne, at Wikes, which are described as having had the human form, but wholly of a green colour, and as having been led by the sound of beils to emerge into the rays of the sun from their land beneath, where twilight reigned, and everything was green. Roy. MS. 13 A. XII. f. 73, v^. See Keightley's Fairy Mythology, and compare elf, snpra, p. 138. " Pix, pycche, or pycke." med. " Pikke, /)?.r, tjitumen. To pykke, bitiimi?iare.'' 1 CATH. ANG. Ang.-Sax. pic, bitumen. 2 " A pyke of a scho, or of a staffe, rostrum.^' cath. axg. Liripipium usually denotes the hood with a long appendage, which, as Knyghton describes it, was twisted around the head but here it seems to be synonymous with poleine, or cracowe, the proper appellation whereby the singular long-peaked shoe, which was in fashion during These terms are supposed to be derived the early part of the XVth cent., was known. from the fashion having been introduced from Poland, and Cracow, its metropolis, Will. IMalmsb. possibly by some of the suite of Anne of Bohemia, Queen of Ric. II. however, states that among the effeminate habits of the times of Rufus, 'nstis ealceorum cum arcuatis aculeis inventus ;" the povleijies were also much in vogne in France The monk of Evesham, during the reign of Charles V. and forbidden in 1340 and t3t).5. in the Life of Rich. II. ed. Hearne, p. 53, relates the indignity that was shown in the diocese of O.xford to the messenger of Abp. Courtenay, in 1384, when he was compelled but in retaliation the Archbishop"s adheto eat the prelate's mandate, seal and all rents " sciderunt cracowys de sotvlaribus atiquorum de familid Epi. Oxon. et ipsos cracowis edere coycrunt.'' In a treatise on the virtues of plants, written about the same time, the seed, or cod, of the Cassia fistula is described as of the " gretnesse of a saucestre, and shap most lyk \>s pyk of a crakow sho." Arund. MS. 42, f. 60, v. At the period when the Promptorium was compiled such peaked shoes were worn of aa e.\travagant length, and the fashion was restricted by the statutes of apparel, during the reign of Edw. IV. when the length of " pykes of shoen or boteux " was cut down to two inches. See Parl. Rolls, V, 505, 5GG Stat. of Realm. Although no early sumptuary statute is found whereby the use of such slioes was restricted to knights or persons of estate, they are mentioued repeatedly, as if accounted specially a part of knightly equipment. Thus in the description of the comely attire of Sir Degore, it is said, " His shone was croked as a knighte." v. 700. This Romance is supposed to have been written early in the Xlllth cent. The young Torrent of Portugal is described as craving knighthood from the King of Provens, who bids him engage in a feat of arms, " and wyn the shone," v. 1117; having acquitted himself manfully, he comes at " myd-mete," and presents himself at the deis in his squire's habit, "withoute couped shone," to claim the guerdon v. 1193. Compare this passage with Vis. of Piers PI. V. 12,099, where a description occurs of one who comes, as if to a just, after
;
; ; ;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Pykkforke.
3Ierga, cath. merges, c. F. Pykeys, mattokke. Ligo, cath.

397

Pykyl,

marra, cath.

in ligo.

sawce. Picula, (separiutn, s.) Pykyn, or clensyn, or owte the on-clene.-

kylw.
cullyn

Purgo,

Pykelynge. Purgulacio. Pykerel. Dentriculus, lucillus,

KY'LW. (dentricula, p.)

purgulo

(seg}-ego, p.)

Pykkyn,

or a-noyntyn wythe pyk.

Pykewalle (or gabyl, supra.) Murus conalis, jjiramis, vel

piramidalis,
c. f.

Piceo, cath. Pykynge, or clensynge.

gacio.

Pur-

Pykynge,
lyke.

Pykepeny.'

Cupidinarius. Pykyd, as a staffe. Cuspidatus.

o]jer

Pykyd,

or purgyd fro fylthe, or thynge grevows. Purgatus.

of a staffe, or ojier Cuspidacio. Py'lche.3 Pellicium, pelliciay c. F. et UG. in pello, et cath.

et

KYLW.

the manner of a knight who comes to be dubbed, to win his gilt spurs, " or galoches " Milleus, a coppid shoo." ortus. y-couped." Ang.-Sax. cop, ayex. A large number of poleine shoes, with the wooden pattens which were worn with thera during the XVth cent., in accordance with the fashion represented in the drawing in Cott. MS. Julius E. IV. designated as King John, and given in Shaw's Dresses, were discovered in London, Nov. 1843, and are in the possession of Mr. C. R. Smith, F.S.A. " Cupidinarius, i. mercator, nummos cupiens, a coueytour of money." ortus. la ' the Vision of Piers P. v. 14,448, the disorderly foUowers of an army are described as " brybours, pylours, and pyke-harneys." This last term occurs also in Towneley Myst. p. 9. The verb to pick, as used by the old writers, has, amongst various significations, that of obtaining anything by mean, underhand proceedings, or pilfering. Thus Gaut. de Bibelesworth says,

" Eschuuet flatour (loseniour) ke seet flater, Trop seet ben espeluker (pikea.)" Arund.

MS.

220,

f,

299.

" Leue thy flaterynge wordes, that goth aboute to pyke a thanke (verbis ad yratiam comparatis.y horm. See Nares. * " I pyke, or make clene, ie nettoye. I praye you pyke my combe. I pyke saflForne or any floure or corne whan I sorte one parte of them from an other, le espluche. AU pyke pesyn." palsg. Chaucer uses men can nat pycke satfron, some men must " He kembeth him, he proineth him this verb, speaking thus of the spruce Damian
-.

and piketh." Marchant's T. v. 9885. Again he describes the gearof the fiveartificers, who were clad in the livery of a great fraternity, as " ful freshe, and newe ypiked." Prol. V. 367. See Nares, v. Picked. Bullinger, in his 40th Sermon on the Apocalypse, inveighing against the Roman clergy, says, " They be commed, and piked, and very finely apparelled, delightyng in wemens jewels, wearing costely garmentes." There is apparently an allusion to birds, which set the plumage with the bill. A.-S. pycan, eruere. " A pilch, or pylch, properly a furr gown, or a garment of skins with the hair on. 3 Sax, pylce, toga pellicea. A cyrtell of wollen, and a pylche. Polychr. li. vii. c. 4. Cled Island. Y^yXs, vestis muliebi-is. \n \ii\c\\es, pellibics. Dougl. f. 175. A pilch, a piece of flannel or other woolen put under a child next y* clout is cailed in Kent a pilch. A coarse shagged piece of rug laid over a saddle for ease of a rider is in our midland parts called a pilch." Bp. Kennetfs Glossarial CoII. Lansd. MS. 1033. In Norfolk a flannel wrapper for a child is called a pilch. See Forby and Jamiesou. The term is used by Chaucer, denoting a warm wrapper Proverb against Covetise it occurs also in Creed

398

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
a

Pylcrafte, yn
crafte,

booke

(pilec. f.

K.)'

Asterisciis,

c. F. et UG. in {furmicuJa, s.) Pyle, of a bryggys fote, or o))er byggynge (or pere, supra.) Pila.

paragraphus,

gramma

Pylere. Columpna. Pyllery. CoUistrigium. Pylet, skyn'. Pellis (cutis, P.) Pylgreme, idem quod palmer,
supra
;

et

proselitus,

c.

F.

Pyle, of clothys (or other lyke, K.) on a presse. Panniplicium

(^cumulus, K.) Py'le, of weyynge.-

(peregrinus, jieregrina, p.) Pylgrymage."^ Peregrinacio.

Pyllyd,
ticatus.

fro the barke. scallyd

Decors.

Libramentum, CATH. libra, c. f. (lihrainen, K.) Pyle, or heep, where of hyt be. Cumulus.

Pylly'd, or
skalled,
lus,
p.)''

(shaled,

DepiJatus, glabelc.

CATH. (c)apitonsus,

f.

glabrosus.

Sir John Maunof Piers P. v. 484; Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 154, ed. Halliwell. devile, describing the rich attire of the Tartars dwelling in Chatay, says, "Thei with pylches, and the hyde witli outen, habent et pelliceas, quibus clothen hem also utuntur ex transversis ;" in the French " et vestent des pelHces." Voiage, p. 298. In the Inventory of the eflfects of Roger de Kyrkby, Vicar of Ga^mford, who died 1412, occurs " unum pylche de stranlion, sx.s." WiUs and Inv. Surtees Soc. p. 56. Coats furred with " stranlyne " are mentioned in another document, ib. p. 35. Amongst the furred garments in the Invent. of the wardrobeof Hen. V. 1423, occur " ij. pulches de Cristigrey, iiij. pulches ;!;?/r femmes, de grey," valued at 30*. and 20*. each. Rot. Parl. iv. 236. Caxton says in the Book for Travellers, " Me fyndeth furres of beuers, of lombes, pylches of hares and of conyes {plichons de lieures et de conins.) Vedast the graywerker (vairrier) solde whilor to my lady a pylche of graye, and of good furres. Wauburge the pylchemaker {pelletiire) formaketh a pylche well (refaicte ung plice.)'"' Bp. Ridley, in his letter of farewell, quotes Hebr. xi. 37, as follows " Some wandered to and " Pellicia, apilche, est quoddam indumentum fro in sheep's pilches, in goats' pilches." quod de petlisfit.''' med. " Apylche, endromida, endromis, pellicium, reno. A pilche maker, peliiparius.^' cath. ang. " Pelliparium, apylchery." ortus. " Pytche {sic) Compare Dutch, Dan. and Swed. pels Germ. Pelz, &c. of lether, /;e/ce." palsg. " Parfl^ra^7<a, pylcraft in wry(t)ynge." med. ' ^' Paragraph^is, AnffliceaiTp^Tgrafte " Pilkrow coniracttim esse videtur, corruptumque ex parain vrytynge." ortus. grapho." minsheu. " Paragraphe, a paragraffe, or Pill-crow, a full sentence, head, " A pilkcrow, v. Paragraph." gouldm. See Nares. Tusser comor title." coTG. mences his Points of Husbandry and Book of Huswifery with "a lesson how to confer every Abstract with his month, and find out Huswifery Verses by the Pilcrow :"
; : ;

" \ In Husbandry matters, where Pilcrow ye find, That verse appertaineth to Huswif ry kind So have ye more lessons, if there ye look well, Than Huswifery Book doth utter or tell."
;

" Item, j. Pile pur poiser or et - In the Invent. of effects of Hen. V. 1423, occurs, " Pile : trebuchet u peser, sorte de argent, pris vj.s. viij.d.^' Rot. Parl. iv. 234. Jjaiance ; pila." RoauEFORT.
3
*

only deprived of the skin, but worn smooth, stripped of hair or bald, as in the Creed of Piers P. v. 1665, where mention occurs of a " pild pate." Compare Cant. Tales, v. 629 3933 Cov. Myst. p. 384. Dowglas, the Glastonbury
; ;

Pylgyrmage, ms. Pyllyd signifies not

PROMPrORIUM PARVULOKUM.
Pyllyn,
lyke.

399
herbe.

or pylle bark, or ojjer

Pympyrnol,
Pynne,
of

Pyllyn,
garlyk.

Decortico. or schalyn
Vellijico.

tymbyr
metalle,

Pimjiinella. (or pegge,

nottys,

or

supra.)

Pynne, of
herbe.

Cavilla, VG. in caveo. as yryne, or

Pylyol mounteyne,
legium.

Pu-

ojier

lyke of

(or

pryke,

injr-a.)

Spintrum, vel spinter, cath.

Pyleol ryal. Origonuin. Pylowre, or he |)at pelythe

Pynne,
oJ)er

an orlage,

or o))er

menne, as catchepoUys, and o])er lyke. Pilator, ug. in pinso, depredator,vespilio, UG. inspolio. (pyllowe, p.) Pidvinar, cervical, pulviUus, jjlumacium pulvinaciurn, s.) Pymente, drynke.' Pigmentum, nectar, mellicratum, c. f.

schowynge })e owrys of the day or of J)e nyghte (pyn, or other lyke, shewynge the owre in a dyall, h. p.)'- Sciolyke,
tirus, c. F. et UG. in scio.

Pylwe
(^

Pynacle. Pinnaculum, pinna. Pynchar, or nyggarde, idem quod nyggard, supra in N.

literd.^

in his Chron. of England, speaks with contempt of " Maister Robert Baldokke, So piledde clerke of the Kinge's courte." Harl. MS. 4690, f. 62 v". and 611 v". " Pylled as likewise Shakspeare uses the epithet, 1 Hen.VI. 1.3, " peerd priest !" one that wanteth heare, jwe//e<. Pylled as ones heed is, pelle. Pylled scalled, tiynenx.'^ PAI.SG. In this sense the following passages in the authorised version of the Scriptures " Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled." are to be understood Isai. xviii. 2, 7. The word in the original signifies deprived of hair, plucked, considered in Eastern countries the highest indignity. Compare Isai. I. 6. Again, in Ezek. xxix. 18, it is said, " Every head was madebald, and every shoulder was peeled." {depilatus, Vulg.) The term is likewise applied to velvet or napped stuffs which are worn threadbare, shorn, or cut. Hall, relating the treachery of Humphrey Banaster, in betraying the Duke of Buckingham to Rich. III. says that the sheriff, having apprehended the Duke, " in greate hdst and euyll spede conueighed him appareled inapilled blacke cloke to the cytie of Salsburie, where Kynge Richard then kepte his houshold." Again, he describes the rich attire of the royal henxmen, who appeared 3 Rich. III. in "coates of purple veluet pieled, and paned in riche cloth of siluer." 14 Hen. VIII. Pyntnente, MS. Pyment, K. H. s. p. igmentum, or pimentiim, yi'me spiced, or mingled with honey, called in French pinient, was anciently in high estiniation. See Kyng Alis. v. 4178, and Weber's note. Chaucer speaks of it in Roro. of R. 6027, Boeth. ii. Gower says of Love,

monk,
fals

'

" That neuer pyment ne vernage Was halfe so swete for to drynke." Conf. Am. B. vi. '\Jnd.eY ihehe&A nominn pertinencia prompfuario, Harl. MS. 1002, is given " Nectar, Amongst the receiptsof cookery piffmentum, pyment.''' '^ Vyment, piment.'" palsg. in a MS. of the XlVth cent. in tlie collection of Sir Thomas Phillipps, No. 1470, there is one entitled " Pymte. Wyn, sucre yboilled togedere, gyngebred and hony, poudre of gynger, and of clouwes, i-piht wi^ Jiornes gret plentee, and schal beon adressed in
cofTyns of flour of chasteyns {^e colour 30I0U wyjj saffroun." - From this description of the gnomon of a dial it appears that the term orlage designated, as in accordance with its derivation, not only a clock, but any indicator of " Sciocerus est stilus positus in circulo ad metiendum tiorasvelformns.''' ortus. time. 3 " I pynche, I spare as a nygarde, ie fays du cfiiche. I pynche courtaysye, as one
:

CAMD.

SOC.

3 F

400

PROMPTORIUM PARVUf.ORUM.
Impingo, cath.
(or (or iestyn, p.) (concluvo, p.) Pynyon, of a wynge.
Coricarilto

PvNCHYx.

Pynchynge
supra.)

nyggardshepe,

Teiiacitas.

Pennuhi.

Pyndake

of beestys (pynnar, p.)' Inclusor, ca th. inclusarius, uo.

Pynfolde.

Inclusorium. In-

Pynyonyd. Pennulatus. Pynote, frute. Pinum. Pynot, tre. Pinus.

Pynsone.^
et

Pynny"n, or put yn a pynfold.

trudo, detrudo. Pynyn, or languryn in sekenesse (or peynyPi, supra.y Langueo, elangueo. Pynnyn, or spere wythe a pynne
doth tbat

KYLW.

Tenella, cancer, c. f. cancellulus, kylw.

c. f., h. p.)

(manualis,

Pynsone,

drawe owt tethe. Dentaria, UG. in demo. Pynsone, sokke.4 Pedipomita.

to

Elyot renders " aridus is iiyce of condyscions, ie fays le nyce.''^ palsg. homo, a j)elt, or ))yiicliebeke, a drye felowe, of whome notbynge maye be gotten." " S<>rdulvs, cliiche, (Fr.) a niggard, a palterer, a dodger, a penyfatber, a ))incbpeny, one tbat will not lo.se the drop])iugs of bis nose." Junius' Nomenclator, version by " Pinse-maille, a pinch penny, scrapegood, niggard, penny-father." cotg. J. Higins. " A pinch-fist, cupidinaiius ; vide Niggard. A j^incher and piller, vide Plucker. A Forby observes tbat a very parsimonious ecopincb-jieiiny, parcus,"' ikc. gouldm. nomist is stili called in Norfolk a pinch. " AnyfiriHS, l/edellus, compu/sor, injttstus exactor, a jiyndere or an haywarde." ^ Tesciia, a pynde-folde. To pynde, iacludere, casirare. to pynde. MED. " TeschO,
i.

A jiynfolde, catabulum, testula, trudere. pynder, inclusarius, inctusor, inacior. " To pin cattel, vide To poand. A pinner or pounder of incliisorium." cath. ang. Amongst manorial or munici):)al offic als tbe pouiider of cattel, inclusor." gouldm. stray cattle is still in some places, as inWarwicksbire, termed tbe Pinner. Bj). Kennett " To pynd, to pound or impound cattle, Dunelm. Sax. gives tbe following remarks Hence in these midland parts the money tbat is giveu to tiie jiyndau, includere. Heyward, or to any person who locks and unlocks the pound gate, is called Piune lock " Lansd. MS. 1033. '^ The verb to pine is used not uncommonly in an active sense, as by Chaucer, R. of " Tbey Rose, 3511. " To Ytiue, punire, afficere, etc. nl?i to Y>\injsche." cath. ang. (the priests) sleen thy sbeep, for they pyenen them forhuuKer of theirsoule to tbe deatb." Complaint of tlie Plougbman, Fox, Acts and Mou. A". 1360. "I pyne one as men do Pynyng of a man theues or niysruled persons to confesse y'^ truth, le riue en aigneaujc. Ang.-Sax. pinan, cruciare in prisone, to coiifesse t.he trouthe, toriure." palsg.

ionnentum. pynson, pedribriomita, a pes, et brios, mensura. et miios, yutta; qnasi calceus " Pedibomita, Anylice a pynson.'' ortus. " Baillez moy gutiatus." CATH. ang. mes cajiynouns, take me my pynsouns." Harl. MvS. 21iJ, f. lol, v. " Pynson sho, Master Stanbridge renders co/ceo/?/* " a pynson," aud Elyot gives cajfiyuon." palsg. " Calceamen, a pynson sbowe, or socke ;" to which Gouldman adds another synonym,
piiiuns,
^

"

" a ]iinson or pump, calceamen," &.C. Duwes, in his Introductorie, composed to teach tbe jjynson showes, tbe Princess Mary the French tongue, gives " womens raiments tes esc/iapins.'' Tbe derivation of this term isvery obscure it denotes, possibly, tbe pumps, or high unsoled shoes of tbin leather, wbich were commonly worn with pattens large collection of tbese, about the time wben tbe Promptorium was compiled. recently discovered in London, are in the possession of C. R. Smith, Esq. F.S.A. Pinsons are mentioned in the Howard Household Book, jj. 314. * " Pinsous" are named amongst various articles, chiefly of hard-ware, the impor-

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Pyynte, mesure.
rium,
dicit
vitic. cajj. 14.

401
(pe-

Pinta, sextalibro

Pypyne, of vyne, or grape

liihlia

Le-

Pyony,

quod pyanye, poenia, c. F. Pypare. Fistulator. Pype (pypet, s.) Fistula. Pype, of orgonys. Ydraula,^ BRiT. vocahulo3Ius(^ic)a, cantes, CATH. inplur. aule, UG. v. in A. Pype, vessel, or halfe tunne. Sehorbe, idem
et

pyne of wyne, p.)'^ Acinus, ug. vel acinum, cath. et c. f. Pypyn, wythe a pype. Fistulo,

supra;

Pypyn, or 3yppe,
p.)'*

Jistulor, UG. injbs. as henn byrdys

(jippyn, as bryddys, K. H.yepyn,

Pypynge,

Pipio, pipulo, cath. of pypys. Fistulacio,

crye of yonge bryddys.

vel fistulatus.

Pypynge,
Pyry,

midolium,, pipa.

Pipulatus.
Pituita,

Pyppe,
et

sekenesse.'-^

cath.

or storme.^

Nimhus, cath.

UG. in pis.

et c. F.

tation of

of yrone, pince.
1

which was forbidden by Stat. 3 Edw. IV. 1463. Stat. of R. II. 397. " Pynsons estricquoyers. " palsg. The term seems to be a diminutive of the Fr.
s.

Praula, ms. ydraula,

Compare orgon pype, ydraula ;

p, 369.

" Pyppe, a sickenesse, pepye,^'' palsg. In pippe, piluita. " cath. ang. the version of Macer's treatise on the virtues of herbs, MS. in the possession of Hugh Diamond, Esq., it is said that " cerfoile y-dronke with mulsa wole destroie \>e pippe." So likewise is it stated in Arund. MS. 42, f. 6Q " Chervel, y-dronkyn with muls, " I pyppe a henne or a capon, I take the pyppe from them, oftyn for-doh ^e jiippe.'' ie prens la pepie dune geline. Your hennes shall neuer wase fatte tyll they be pypped."
2
J)e
:

"

palsg.
" Newe grapes and 3 In the earlier Wicliffite version Numb. vi. 4 is thus rendered dried they shulen not eete, alle tlie daies in the which of auovve to the Lord thei ben sacryd what thing may be of vyn, of grape dried vnto the popyn (pepyn, al.) thei shulen not eete ;" in the later version "grape dried til to the draf " (uva passa usque ad acinum, Vulg.) The marginal gloss is added, " in Ebreu it is, fro the rynde tii to " A pepyn or a grafte, aciuus, the litil greynes that ben in the myddis of the grape." feciuum, granum.'' cath. ang. " Pepin, a pippin, or kernell, the seed of frute, the stones of grapes." cotg. * Gaut. de Bibelesworth says, in the chapter " de naturele noysedes bestes crapaud " To pype as a bryrde (sic) koaille, reine gaille, tadde croukeb, frogge pypej'." " Minurio, i. minutum cantare, to pype as small byrdes." pipiare." cath. ang. ORTUS. " Pepier, to peep, to cheep, or pule, as a young bird in the neast. Pepiement, the cheeping, or peeping of young birds, any such puling noise." cotg. Hence, perhaps, the phrase " at daye pype, a la pipe dujour." palsg. 5 " Pyrry, a storme of wynde, orage, hovffee de uent.'" palsg. Hall, at the commencement of his Chronicle of 17 Hen. VI. says, " What should I reherse the great tempestes, the sharpe blastes, the sodain piries, the vnmeasurable wyndes, the conW. Harrison, in the tinuall raynes, whiche fell and chaunced this yere in England." description of Britain prefixed to HoIinshed's Chron. i. p. 45, observes, speaking of caught hold of our islands on the Eastern coast, " Forasmuch as a perrie of wiud sailes, and caried us forth the right waie toward London, I could not tarie to see what Cotgrave renders Tourbillon, a gust, tlaw, berrie, sudden things were hereabouts.'' Veut, a gale, flaw, or berrie of wind." blast or boisterous tempfest of wind. Se Isl. nyr, ventm secundus. Nares, v. Pirrie, and Jamieson, v. Pirr, a gentle breeze
:

'

402

PROMPTOKIU.M PARVULORUM,
of a

Pyrke,
(pyrne

webstarys

loome
p.)'

Pytyows,

or

rufulle

yn sy^hte.

or webstars lome,

Panns.
Pysse, or pysche.
Urina, mincturn (^rninccio, p.) Pyss YN, or pyschy n. il// rt-o, c ath.

Dolorosus, jyenosus. Place. Locus.

Pyssyxge place. Oletuin, cath. Pyssynge vesselle. Maniodella, (sic) cath. madula, c. f. madellum, cath. et UG. scaphium, UG. 172 scando. Pysmere. Formica. P Ys M E ys H l L E. Formicarium cath. (Jbrmicetum, P.) Pyspott, idem quod pyssynge
vessel,

Place, of dwellynge. Mansio. Place, or stede. Situs. Plage. Plaga. Playce, fj^sche. Pecten. Playstyr for sorys. Emplastrum, CATH. malagina, cataplasma, cath. implastrum, c. f. epilema, ug. in
epji.

Playstyr for

wallys (or pa(r)get,

supra.) Gipsum, cath. litura, plastrum, comm. Playsteryd, as sorys. Cataplasmatiis.

supra.

Pystyl. Epistola. Pytte. Puteus, lacns. Pyt, or flasche where mekyl water
standythe
after

Playsteryd,

as

wallys.

Gip-

satus, litatus (litus, p.)

Pla(y)stryn

sorys.

Cataplasmo,

reyne

(or

ug. in cathegoro.

plasche, infru.^

Py'tagru, supra;

Columbus, c. f. idem quod pedegru, et stemma, cath. (py-

Pla(y)stryn- wallys. Gipso, c. f. lino, ut supra in pargettyn. Pla(y)sterynge of sorys. Cataplasmacio.

tagrwe or lyne or kinrede, Es-

temma, c. f., p.) Pytavvnce. Pietancia. Pyte. Pietas.

Pla(y)strynge
tura, gipsatus.

of wallys.

Li-

Playte,

of aclothe. Plica,

cath.

Pytfalle. Deciptda, avicipula, coMM. et UG. V. in T. Pythe. MeduIIa, vel pulpa. Pythe, of a stalke.- Hilus, cath. Pythe, of a tree. Hilum, ug. v. Pytyows, or ful of pyte (pytevous,
ticus,

pjlicatura.

Playtyd. Plicatus. PlAYTYN. Plico, CATH. Playtynge. Plicacio. Plane, instrument (to makyn
plejn, H. p.)

Leviga.

H.

pitiuous,

p.)

P{i)e-

compassivus.

Plane, tre. Platanus. Planete. Planeta.

" Pyrne, or webstars lome, mestier d tisser.^^ palsg. 1 Ducange cites an ancient Glossary, in whicli/a?i?/s is explained to be '^ instrumentum tejtforis, lignum circa " Pannus est insirumentum te,vtoris, a quod invohitur filum,''^ cdWtA. a\so pamicula. spytell, or a shotell pynne, or a spole. Pannicula, dim. i, manicula textricum, qtiia " /^aM?<* is a weuers roU, whereon the webbe ejus discursu panni terautur.'''' ortus. of clothe is rolled or wounden." elyot. " Hilus, putamen quod adlieret fabe, vel medulla penne, 2 Pythe, or a stalke, ms. " )'e pythe of a penne, ile, ilus, scilicet illud tenue quod est in medio penne." cath. " Pythe of a stalke or of a tree, c?<e!v." palsg. nauci.'" cath. ang.

PUOMl'TORIUiM PARVULORUM.

403

Planyd. Levigatns. Planyn. Levigo, plano. Planynge. Levigacio. Plank, boord. Planca, cath.
et

VG. in platos, plancula, UG.

of

pluteum, cath.

Plat, or pleyne. Planus. Pl ATE, of armure. Sqitama, c ath. Plate, of metalle. Lamina, vel lama, cath. crusta, cath. brateum, vel brateola, cath. Plate, of a fyyr herthe.2 Lamina, repocilium,
c. f.

Plante,

tre,

or

herbe.

repo-

Planta, plantarium, catii.

Planteyne,
Plantago.

or plawnteyn, herbe.

{fo)ciIIium, CATH. Platere. Parajisis, votundale,

scntella, patina, cath. Platly. Plane. Plaw, or plawynge. BuUicio,
ebullicio.

Plantyd. Plantatus. Plantyn. Planto. Plantynge. Plantacio. Plasche, or flasche, where reyne
watyr stondythe(or ^yt,supra.y Torrens, lacuna, c. f. colluvio, vel coI(^l)uvium, c.f. plassetum, COIMM.

Plawyn',
ferveo.

as

pottys.3

BuIIio,

Plawyn ovyr.
in

Efferveo, ebullio.

Plaunchere.-* Plancula, cath.

planca.

1 In the MS. ia Sir Thos. Phillipps's collection, as likewise in the printed editions, Plasche, flasche, or broke the following distinction is here made Torrens, lacitna. " Plasshe of a -vfdXer, flacquet.''' Colluvio, colluvium. Plasche, or flasch after a rayne Elyot speaks of an herb " growynge in plashes, hauynge a lyttell stalke, PALSG. whiche excedeth not foure fyngers high. It is called Heraclion syderion. Nepeta, an herbe which of some men is called wylde peny royalle, and groweth in plasshye Harrison, in the Description of Britain, says that the preservation of groundes.'' fresh-water iish " is prouided for by verie sharpe lawes, not onelie in our riuers, but '' also in plashes, or lakes, and ponds." Holinsh. Chron. i. 224. Lavaye, a plash ; a Patouillas, a plash or puddle." peece of land surrounded or drowned up by water. COTG. " A plash, /acM, /acj^na.'' gouldm. Bp. Kennett gives " Plashy waies, wet under foot to plash in the dirt all plash'd, made wet and dirty. To plash a traIn the North ploshy, to plosh," &c. Lansd. veller, or strike up the dirt upon him. MS. 1033. The word plash does not appear in Forby's Glossary as still retained ia East Anglia it is used by Sir T. Brown, Vulgar Errors, B. iii. c. 13, where he speaks of the " polwygle." Compare Teut. plas, plasch, lacuna ; fossa in qud stat aqua. Hence, perhaps, may be derived, some names of places, as Plashet Farm, near Lewes Plaistow, Pleshey. Plashet, in the Essex marsh-lands - Compare herthe stok, or kynlyih, p. 237, and kynlyne, p. 275. ^ In Norfolk, according to Forby, to plaw signifies to parboil the phrase, give meat Ray, in the South and East Country words, gives a plaw, denotes a slight boiling. " To play, spoken of a pot, kettle, or other vessel full of liquor, i. e. to boil playing In Norfolk they pronounce it plaw.'' The word is used in the folhot, boiling hot. lowing recipe for making vinegar, Sloane MS. 3548, f. 16, v" " Take a pot ful of wyne, and steke yt wele aboue \>&t no Jjynges go ynne nor owte, and j)ut it ynne a cowdrun ful of water, and layt yt play longe |>erin, and yt schal be gode ayselle sone."
: :
:

Compare ovyrplaw,
*

p.

373.

term is taken directly from the French. " Plancher made of bordes, In a letter written during the siege of Caistor castle, about 1459, pla7iche." PALSG.
"rhis

404

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Pleyar, CATH.
at tlie bal.

Plauncheryd. Planculatus. (Plawnteyne, supra in planPlantago.) teyne, herbe, p. PLEE,ofmotvnge.P/ac<VMOT, CATH. Plegge, as a wedde (or oostage,
infra.)

Pililudius,

Pleyfere.- CoIIusor. Pleyyn. Ludo.

Obses,
pliglus,

CATH.

cath. Lutinum

vas,
est

Pleyyn at the bal. Pililudo. Pleyyn buk hyde.^ Angulo,

c. F. in

cvangulatus,

deliteo,

Anglie et non alihi. Pley. Ludus, jocus. Pley, or somyr game.

tacuhnn.

CATH. Pleyynge.
SpecUG. in ludo.

CoIIusio, Insus.

Pleyynge garment. Pleyynge place

place, p.)

Ludix,
in

Pley

(or ioy, supra) ]>at begynnvthe wythe ravrthe, and endTragedia, ythe wythe sorowe. UG. in oda. Pley (or ioy, supra) ))at begynnythe wythe (mornynge and s.) sorow, and endythe wythe Comedia, UG. in oda. myrthe.'

(pleyinge

Diludium, cath. Pleyynge thynge, or thyuge

J>at

menn

or chyldyr pley wythe.

UG. in agri vel JVota supra in laykyne. (Pleykstare, infra in why(t)adros.

star.

Adluricum,

Candidarius.)^

Pleyare. Pleyare,

Lusor.
pley.

alwey wyl Jjat Ludibundus, ludibunda.

Pleyne.^ Planus. Pleyne, place. Planicies. Pleynyn. Conqueror, causor.

fro

complaint is made that "y^ holys yat ben made for hand gunnys ben scarse kne hey y'' plawncher." Paston Letters, iv. 316. Accordiag to Forby, a boarded floor is still caded in Norfolk a plancher. Hence, doubtless, the term plansher-nail. See Jamieson' " Comedia, a toun song. Cumedus, a writer of toun songus." med. " Playe, an Playe of sadde matters, moralite. Play sport, carolle, deduit, esbat. enterlude, /arce. Commedy of a christmas playe, com^nedie. Playe maker, facteur, factiste. Player Player or goer vpon a corde, batellerr.'''' palsg. ia a plaje, parsoiuwffe. 2 In the account of Jephtha's daughter, as rendered in the Wicliffite version, it is said, " Aiid wlianne sche hadde go wi)? liir felowis and pleiferis {sodalibus, Vulg.) sche biwepte hir maidenhed in J^e hillis." Judges, si. 38. " Playfere, migti07i.'^ palsg.
'

Fere, a companion, is a word usedby Chaucer, as also the expression "in fere," in company Cant. T. 4748, 4814. Mall, inhis relation of the death of James II. of Scotland, in 14G0, says, that, having slain the Douglases, " thynking himself a kyng without either peere or fere," he assembled a great army, and laid siege to Roxburghe castle, where he perished by the bursting of one of his own cannon, 38 Hen. VI. Ang.-Sax. foera, gefera, socius. 3 This ancient uame of the sport of hide and seek has not been noticed by Strutt. " AU hidde, jeu ou un se cache pour esire trouve des aufres." sherw. " ClineHarry-racket, or, are you all hid. Capifou, mufette, the game called Hod-mad-blind a play which is not much uulike our Harry-racket, or Hidman-blind." cotg. 4 Jamieson gives To pleche, or bleach; Pieching, bleaching. possibly it Iu the MS. PLEYNE is found placed between pleyfere and pleyynge had been written pleyyn by the first hand. The Kiiig's Coll. MS. reads pleyin place, and pleyint. Plevnyn likewise occurs in the MS. between plawyn and pleyyn, possibly because it had beeu written originally pleyynyil.
; ;
"^
:

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Pleynt, Plecke, Plente.
Qnerimonia, <juerela. Porciunculd. Abundancia, copia, phnitudo. Plexte, of frutys. Ubertas,feror plotteJ
tilitas,

405

Plow.

Plowbeem.
Plowynge,

Aratru!, caruca, c. f. Buris, c. f. temo, cath. et UG. telon.

or erynge.

Aracio
F. tylle

(^aratura, P.)

Plexty vows.
abundans.

Copiosus,

fertilis,

Plowlond. Plowlond,

J)at

Carrucata, c. a plow may

Plentyvows, yn
lyke,

frutys (or other

on a day. Jugerum, c. F.juger. Plowmanne, Arator, carrucarius, c. F. georgicus,

K.)

Ubertuosits,

cath.

cath.

fertilis (fecundus, p.)

glebo, C. F.

Plentyvowsnesse, idem quod

plente,

Plowstert.2
DICC.

Stina,

cath.

supra.
or

Plow wryhte.
plesynge.

Carrucarius,
Pluviarius,

Plesawns,

Com-

jiJacencia, beneplacitum.

Plovere
DICC.

(bryd, s.)

(or plesjTig, k.) Complacens, beneplacens. (Plesawntly, k.) Placenter,

Plesaunt

Plowme. Prunum. Plowryn, or wep}Ti.

CATH.

PIoro,fleo,

complacenter, placa{bili)ter. Plesyn. Placeo. Pletare. Placitor, causidicus, causarius, c. f. Pletyn. Placitor, cath.

Plowrynge,

or wepynge. PIoratus, fietus, lacrimacio. Pluk, or phikkynge. Tractus.

Plukkyn
UG.
in

Pletynge.

Pletynge

Placitacio. howse, or

place.

bryddys. Excaiheriso, scateo, deplumo, expenno (depenno, excatariso, p.)

frute.

Placitorium, cath. Plyaunt (or beyn, supra,

supple, i^ifra.)
tus, c. F.

Plukkyn, orpuUe
or

Vellico,

CATH.
fowlys.

avello.

Flexibilis, len-

Plukkynge,

or

pullynge

of
ex-

Expennacio, vel

Plyte, or

state (plight, p.) Status.

pennatus, deplumacio.

PLYGHTYNTRUTHE(pHtyn trwthe,
(Plomere,
K. trouthe, p.) Ajfido, cath. or plumber, infra.
plek, supra.

Plumbe, of leed. Plumbum. Plumbe, of wryhtys or masonys (plumme of carpentrve, or masonrye, K. p.)^
c. F.

Plurnbarius.)

Perpendiculum,

Plot, idem quod

i In the Master of the Game, Harl. MS. 5086, f. 47, t", in the chapter on harehunting, instructions are given iu case the hunter " sethat the hare hathe be at pasture in grene corne, or in eny other plek, and hys houndes fynde of hire." Pleck Vj given by Cole, Ray, and Grose as a North-country word, signifying a place, and is likewise Ang.-Sax. Y>^mc, platea. noticed by Tim Bobbin. 2 " Plowe handell, mancfie. Plowe starte, manche. Ploughe beem, que^e de la charrue, mancheron." palsg. " A ploghe handylle, stina." cath. ang. Comp-ire stert. 3 Plumbe, or wryhtys, ms. Palsgrave makes the like distinction between the car-

406

PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
of schypmen.
or

Plumee,

SolkUs,

vel bolis, c. f.

Plumber,
harius.

plomere.

Plum-

Plumtre.

Pnimis.
(coloure,
k.
p.)'

PoETE. Poeta. PoETRYE. Poetria. POYNTE. PunctUS, CATH. Vel punctum, CATH. PoYNTE, of a scharpe toole (poynte
of e^^e,
or,

Plunket
cinctus.

Ja-

&c.

s.)

Cuspis,
et c. F.

mucro, pennum, cath.

or potacre, infra, sekepoyel,
slothe,

(PoDAGRE,
nesse.

Potagra.)
infra.

PoYNTEL.Stilus, graphium, CATH. vel graphius, cath.

(PoDEL, or Lacuna.)

PoYNTYD,

or

prykkyd.

Putic-

tatus (punctus, P.)

plumb-line, " riglet,'" and tlie manner's lead, '' plomb de sonde.^^ The in ancient times as an instrument of torture, and also as a weapon. It is said in tlie Golden Legend that " the Provost of Rome dyde so bete St. Urbaa w' plumraettes." Horman remarks that " Champyons smyte at eche other with plummet^ of leed sowed in leather.'' " Plonkete," or in another ]MS. " blunket," occurs in the Awntyrs of Arthure, and 1 is explained by Sir F. Madden as signifying a white stuff.
peiiter's

plummet was used

" Hir belte was of plonkete, withe birdis

;

fulle

baulde."

In Mr. Robson'seditioD " blenket," st. xxix. possibly the white stuff called in French " Ploncket colour, i/ej'." palsg. '' Cceshis, graye of colour, or blunkette. hlanchet. Scyricuni, blonket colour, or light wachet. Veneius, lyght blewe, or bluuket." elyot. " Couleiirpers, skie colour, a blunket or light blue." cotg. The old Gloss on Spenser's Sheph. Cal. May, explains it as signifying grey. See Nares, and Jamieson, v. Bloncat. 2 The poyntel, formed of metal, or other hard material, was used like the Roman stihis for writing upon portable tablets, or writing-tables. It appears in the wellknown portraits of Chaucer, and is appended by a little lace to the lowest of three buttons which serse to close the fent of the collar of his gown at the throat. Copies of this interesting portrait are found in Roy. MS. 17, D. vi., f. 90, -vo Harl. MS. Lansd. MS. 851, and Add. MS. 5141. The last has been taken as the 4866, f. 88 subject of a plate in Shaw's Dresses and Decorations. Chaucer describes the Limitour in his progress, who preached and begged alms as he went, whilst his attendant was furnished with
; ;

"

pair of tables all of ivory,

And a pointel ypolished fetisly, And wrote alway the names, as he stood, Of alle folk that yave hem any good." Sompn.

Tale, v. 7324.

beautiful ivory pointel, of the workmanship of the earlier part of the fourteenth century, formerly in the Du Sommerard Collection, is preserved in the Mus^e des Thermes,
It is stated iu the Golden Legend that " a grefe (or greft'e) is properly called a pointell to wryte in tables of waxe." St. Felix was killed by his scholars therewith. Horman, in his chapter on writing, mentions the various materials of which pointels were formed " Poyntillis of yron, and of siluer, bras, boone, or stoone, hauynge a pynne at the ende, be put in theyr case {grajjhiario.y " Poyntellorcaracte, esplingue defer.'" PALSG. Bishop Kennett, in his Glossarial Collections, gives " Poitrel, a stile or writing iastrument, with one end sharp, and the other broad." Lansd. MS. 1033.

at Paris.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PoYNTYD,
trayed.

407

PoYNTON,
Pauso.

or peyntyd, or porPictus. or pawson, \ti redynge. (or

(cle-

PoKKE,
et

sekenesse. Porrigo, c. f.

CATH. variolus, vel morbuhis, secundum medicos; cesia, UG.

V.
in

in

C.

contagium,

UG. v.

PoYNTON,

or portrayyii peyntyn, supra.) Pingo pingo, K.)

L.

Pokbrokyn'. Porriginosus. PoKET, idem quod pook.

PoL, or heed. Caput. PoL, of carpentrye (polere, or
carpentrye,
s.)'*

(POYNTYN, K. P. PiaiCto.) PoYNTYNGE, or prykkynge. Punctacio {prisacio, s.)

Capitellum.
watyr.^*

PoYNTYNGE,
dynge.

or pavvsjTige in re-

PooL, or ponde of

Stag-

Punctuacio, pausacio. PoYNTYNGE, or portrayynge (or peyntynge, supra.y Pictura. PoYNTOWRE, or peyntoure. Pictor.

num. PooL, or ponde

ynge.

for fysche kepc. f.

Vivarium,

stagnum.

PoLAYLE, bryddys,
puUayly, infra.)

or fowlys (or
Altilis, c. F.

PoYSE. Poema. PoYsoNE. Intoxicum, mortiferum, venijtcum, c. F. virus.

PoLAYLE, made fette. Altile, c. F. PoLAX. Bipennis. PoLBERE, corne, idem ^MOt/hastybere.'''

PoYSENYD.
lentus, c. F.

Intoxicatus,

viru-

( Trimensis.

PoLKAT, idem quod

PoLE, longe rodde.
tica, c.

fulmere,^

PoYSENYNGE. Intoxicacio. Poys(n)yn, supra in impoysyn,

in
1.^

(^lntojcico.)

Contus, perF {contortus, p.) PoLEYNE,7 Troclea, CATn. carchesia,

PooKE
Jt'ci.)

(or poket, or walette, in-

cath.

trochea,

cath.

Sacculus.

PoLLYD,
s.

or forcyd.

Capitonsus.

'

Poyntynge, or portarynge, ms. portrayyage,

portrayinge, p.
;

word is placed ia the MS. amongst the verbs between Poyeloa {sic, Poheloii ?) and Powderon, The word appears to have been misplaced the reference also is erroneously given ia the MS. to the word impoysyn, instead of inpoysyon, or poysnyii, as
2 Tliis

written in the
3

MS. under the letter I, See p. 262. This term seems here to designate the capital or head of a
is

pillar,

which
''

in

like

manner was called in French chef. In the Catholicon it cuntnr que mperpnnuntur columnis, gtcia colunmaruni sunt
capuf
* *

said tliat

capitella di-

capita, quasi super collum

which ripened

This appears to have been a kind of barley the third month after it was sown, and thence, probably, called trimensis. ^ PuLKAT, MS. Polcat, see fulmarde, k. 7 The first of the Latia words here given is written in the MS. torclea ; the other MSS. and Pynson's edition give troclea, but neither of these words is found in the " a trochos dicitur trochea, Catholicon, in which is given the foUowing explanation i. torcular ; vel rota modica super imteum ; vel illud quod apponitur malo navis, quia habet rotulas per quas funes trahuntur.''' The Ortus gives " Troclea, a wyndas or pressoure, vel parva rota super puteum." The term pulley (Fr. poulie) is written by
in
:

que Grece dicuntur epislilia.'" PooLE, or poot, MS. ponde, K. s. p. See the note on hastybere, p. 228,
;

CAMD.

SOC.

3 G

408

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Cajiitonsio,

PoLLYNGE.
tonsura.

capi-

PoMEL,

of a swerde, or kin^fe. Tolus, Dicc. et c. F.

'Poh\PODYE,herhe. PoIipodia,c.F.

PoNDE, idem quod

PoLKE

(of watyr, K.) or pul yn a watur (pulk water, h. polke or

Voi^tex, c. F.

pool, supra. (^Stagnum, vivarium, p.) PoNYAW'NT. Acutus, acev.

pulke water, p.)'

PoNYET, of a

sleue (ponyed, p.)^

PoLWYGLE, wyrme.2 PoMEGARNET, iVute.

tum.

Pomum

granatum, vel malum grana-

PoMEYS, or pomyce. Pomex, CATH. Jingia, c. f. (finga, p.)

Chaucer " polive," according

Premanica, mantus, c, F. (^et CATH. maricus, s.) PooPE. Papa. PoPELERE, byrd (or schovelerd, infra.Y Pojndus. PoPLERE, or popultre. Populus.

to the reading whicli has been usually given. Squire's Poleyxe may possibly be taken from the dimiuutive^^ow/fon, a little Tale, V. 10,948. In Pynson's and the other editions the word is printed Poleyn. Palsgrave pulley. gives " Pullayne, povllane.''' " Vortex est revolutio aquaruni.^' ortus. Vertex, ms. vortex, v.
'

" Ther was swilke dreping of the folk, That on the feld was neuere a polk, That it ne stod of blod so ful, That the strem ran intil the hul."

Havelok,

v.

2685.

" Scrobs, idem qu. fossa, a deche or a polke." Harl. ]\IS. 1002, f. 1-J8, v. Sir Thomas Browne, in his account of tisli taken on the coast of Norfolk, speaks of congers, which, in frosty weather, upon the ebb of the tide. are left in " pulks and plashes " on the Nortliern coast. The word is still used in Norfolk and Suffolk, and signifies a hole fuU of mud, a shallow place containing water. See Forby and Moor. Ray includes it amongst North-country words, and Jennings gives it as retained in
Somersetshire.
2 Sir Thomas Browne, in his Vulgar Errors, makes mention of " the Aquatile or water-frog, whereof in ditches and stauding plashes we may behold many millions every spriug in England," produced from spawn which becomes " that which the ancients called Gyrinus, we a Porwigle, or Tadpole." B. iii. c. 13. Forby gives Purwiggy, a tadpole, and polliwig, which he considers to be a corruj^tion of the former word. JNloor, however, states that the tadpole is called a poUywiggle in Suffolk. The fishermen of the Thames have given the name polewig to the spotted goby. Yarrell, i. 258. The tadpole was also called in former times a poled, or pole-head. In the Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 55, v, occur under " Nomi7ia vermium, Lumbricus, Pole hede Rullus, (j) Polhed." Palsgrave gives " Poled, a yonge tode, cauesot. Polet, the blacke thynge that a tode cometh of, cauesot,'" and cavesot is rendered by " a pole-head, or buU-head, the little black vermine whereof toads and frogs Cotgrave do come.'' 3 " Maidus, a myteyn, or a mantell." ortus. " punjet, permanica " (sic.) cath. ANG. " Poygniet for ones sleues, poignet.'''' palsg. Matilda, wife of John de Smeeton of York, tanner, bequeathed, A.D. 1-102, " ij. flammeola de Cipres, et j.
;

lampas
*

par de ponyets de scarlet." Testam. Ebor. i. 289. Compare cuffe, and myteyxe, p. .340. Richard de Scrop, in 1400, bequeathed " aulam de poplers tentam, et lectzim intet/rum cum costeris de rubeo, cum poplers et armis meis broudalum.'' Test. Ebor.
volet, et j.
p. 106, Sir

PHOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Popy,
weed.

409
purre,

Papaver,

codia,

PoRRE,
CATII.

or

potage

(pese

c. F. nigella, c. f. git.

potage, s.)-

Piseum, vel pisea,

leek,

PoPYX, chylde of clowtys (or moppe, supra.y Pupa, catii.

PoRET, herbe (or

Po}-rum,

PoPYN

lAV,

byrd.

P(s)itacus,
poplere,

c. F. etin

supra.) plur.porri,

CATH.

PoPUL TRE, idem quod

supra.

CATH. PooRGYN,
purifico.

or

clensyii.

Purgo,

PoRCHE.
lum,

Porticus, UG. vestibu-

c. F. et

CATH.

PoRCYONE.

Porcio, quantitas.

PoRE, hole yn a beestys flesche. Porus. PoRE, nedy. Pauper, codrus

(indigciis, s. p.)

PoRYN IN. Infundo. (PoRYN OWT, K. PJjfundo.) PoRYNGE yn'. Infusio. PoRYNGE OWTE. Effusio. PooRK, flesche. SuiUa, c. f. PooRK POYNT, beste (or pcrpoynt,
supra; porpeys,
s.)

k.

porpoynte,
et c. f.

PoRE MAXNE,

or

womann. Pau-

HistrLi',

CATH.

per, pauperculus, paupercula.

i.

PooRT, of cowntenawnce. Gestus.

27G. This bird, as likewise the parrot, seems to have been a favourite ornament, introduced on tapestry or embroidered works. It is again mentioned in the Inventory of Sir John Fastolfe's effects, taken 1459, " Clothis of Arras, and of Tapstre warke. Item, ij. clothis portrayed full of popelers ;" and again, in one of the bed-chambers, " Item, j. hangyng clothe of Popelers.'' Archseol. xxi., pp. 2.58, 2(j4. It appears subsequently that the popelere was considered by the compiler of the Promptorium to be and it may be observed that ia the same as the shoveler-duck, Anas clypeata, Linn. medieval decorations such birds were not unfrequently represented, as appears by the Caistor inventory, above cited, the vestments discovered at Durham, attributed to St. Cuthbert, and the entry in the Bursar's accounts, given by Mr. Raine, respecting ati altar there, on " /e rerdos " of which were depicted the eider-ducks, termed the birds of St. Cuthbert. 1 Forby gives the words Poppin, a puppet, and poppin-shew, as still retained in use in Norfolk. He supposes it to be derived from " Popin, spruoe, neat, briske, prettie." COTG. It may more properly, perhaps, be derived from poupon, a baby. " Popet for
;

childre to play with, povpee.^''

2

palsg.

" Porray, porreta, porrata.''' cath. ang. This term implies generally pease pottage, still called in French pnree, and the treatises on ancient cookery contain numerous recipes for its concoction. See the instructions of the chief master-cook of Richard II., regarding " Perrey of pesone,'' Forme of Cury, p. 39, and the recipe for " Blaunche perreye," Harl. MS. 279, f. 25. It has, however, other significations, In the Canterbury MS. of the Medulla occurs " porrata, porrey," with this marginal adAccording to the Ortus it seems dition, attributed to Somner, " gesoden wyrt mete." to have denoted a pottage of leeks, " poratnm est cibus de poris factus, Anglice porraye " and in a curious MS. at Middle Hill, formerly in the Heber Collection, 8336, it appears that the dish called " rampaunt poree " was chietiy compounded of pears. Poreta or poirata signify, according to Ducange, leek-pottage, and likewise the vegeIt is related in the Golden Legend that table called beet, in French poiree, or porree. whereat a deSt. Bernard was so frugal that often he made pottage of holm leaves " Thou eter of evil spirit thus reviled the saint moniac being brought to him, the Nay, thou shalt not." porrette, wenest y for to take me oute of my hous ? ^ Histrij: usually signifies an hedge-hog, as in the Ortus, " Histrix est animal
; ;
:

410
PooRT,
ha.\ene,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
idem quod havene,
Pos, or depos (wed, H. ?.)' Depositum. PosE (or sneke, infra.y Catar-

siipi-a.

PoRTAGE, of berynge. Portagium,

latura, vectura.

PooRT COLYCE.

Atitephalarica, KYLW. secerniculum. PORTENAUXCE, of a tliynge. Pertinencia, in plurali excidie. PoRTERE. Janitor, jiortarius. PooRTOS, booke. Portiforium, hreviarium. PoRTOWRE. Portitor, portator,
gestor, calo, bajulus, c. f. (PoRTRAYYX, or peyntyn,
or
Pi<:-

PossESSYONE.

rus, c. F. corisa, c. f. Possessio. PosNET.-'* Urcius, vicc. urciolus,

orca, CATH. (urcinus, p.) Possox, or schowe forthe (pocyn,

Possox, presson, or schowe Trudo, c. F. gedur. PossoT. Balducta, cath.

K. pressyn, or showen, p.) Pello. to-

{ef-

poynton, supra.

Pingo.)

frotum, UG. s.) PoosT, of an howse. Postis. PosTERNE, 5ate. Posticum, c.

coyiyi. posteruIa,postica,
et C. F. pOSticUS,

F.

PoRTRATOWRE,
tura.

or pycturc.

cath.

COMM.

sj9?nos?/rw,

an vrchen." Palsgrave gives " Porkepyn, abeestj^orcesjsm." Theporcupine appears to have been known ia England at an early period it is described by the appellation strij: in the account of the park formed at Woodstock by Henry I., as givea by ^Vill. Malms. lib. v. p. lfa'l. He speaks of it as a native of Africa, and states that Stowe mentions also the it was sent to the King by " Willielmo de monte Pis/erio.'" " porpentines," and divers strange beasts which were sent from far countries, and prein the royal park at Woodstock. In the original edition of Hamlet this animal served is termed a " porpentine,'' and the name occurs likewise in Machyn's Diary, 1559, edited for the Camden Society by IMr. John GoughNichoIs, p. 31, where the crest of Sir W. Sidney is said to have been a "porpentyn." 1 See Jamieson, r. Pose. In Norfolk a cold in the head is still, according to Forby, called a pose. This word is used by Chaucer, Cant. T. v. 4150, 17,011. The following remedy for a rheum " For the pose is given in a manual of miscellaneous collections, Add. MS. 12,195 Take smale note kernelys, and roost hem, and ete hem with a lytyl powder of peper wbane tliou gost to bedde.'' Andrew Boorde says. in the Breviary of Health, " Coriza in English it is named the pose, or reume, stopping or opilating the nosethrilles that and again, c. 306, " of the pose or snyke Rupia is the a man can not smell," c. 91 " ^e pose, brancus, caterrns, coriza.^' Latin word. In English it is named the pose." CATH. ANG. " Coriza est morbus narium, i. e. prefocatio, Anylice the pose. Ca" Pose in the nose, tarrus est fiuxus reumatis jugis ex naribus, the pose." ortus. rime. Pose dysease, caterre. You have caught y'' pose, me thynke, you be so horce. Sneke pose, rime. Ryme, the reume of the heed, rime.'' palsg. " The pose, or rheum, or sickness in the head, coriza, gravedo, catarrhus. That hath or causeth the " Rheume, a catharre, pose, mur." cotg. murr, or pose, gravedinosus." gouldm. See Nares. Ang.-Sax. gepose, gravedo, dolor capitis. " A posnett, orca, orcicula, urceus." cath. ang. " Aenulum. a posnet." ortus. 3 " Posnet, a lytell potte." palsg. " Casole, a posnet." cotg. This term is thus used by Horman, " Seth this in a possenet {anxilla) by hymself." Grose esplained it as denoting a small iron pot with a handle on the side, eind in the Craven Dialect it signifies a boiler. See Nares and Jamieson.
:

'^

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PosTYME, sekenesse. Apostema. PoTTE. Ol/a, urna, orca. PoTACRE, or podagre, sekenesse.
Potagra. PoTACRE, manne, or woman. Potagricus,

411

PovERTE. Paupertas, pauperies. PovERTE, and nede. Penuria,

egestas (indigencia, inedia, inopia, p.)

PowLE, propyr name.

Paulus.

comm.

PoTTARE.

POTTARYS ERTHE.

Ollarius, c.F.Jigulus. Argilla, BRIT. PoTEL, mesure. Potellus, vel potellum, laguncula, cath.

PoTENT,or crotche.' Podimn, c. F. Potspone, or ladyl. Concus, dicc.

coclear, c. f.

'PowMPERE,irute^- Pomum pirum. PowNE, of the chesse. Pedinus. PowNDE, of wyghte. Lihra. PowHE, holstykke (hole styke, s.)** Cdpulus, c. F. (^cojmlus, s. caupulus, P.)

PoYEL,
H.)

slothe,

or podel (pothel,

PowcE,

veyne.

Pulsus.

PovvcHE.

3Iarsupimn.

Lacuna. PoYELON, or pothelyn, or grubbyii yn the erthe. Fodito, cath.

fodio.

PowDYR. Pulcis. PowDERYD, wythe powder. Pulverizatus.

PowNSON(poyntyn, k.p.) Puncto. Pray. Preda.

PowDERYD, wythe salte. Salitus. POWDERON. Condio, CATH. powder. PowDERYNGE, wythe
PowER,
Pulverisacio. or strengthe (strenky)), s.) robur, Potestas, Jhrtitudo, nistis, vigor. PowERE, of auctoryte. Auctoritas,
jurisdictio.

Prayel

(pray^el,
p.)"*

h. prayyle,

s.

Pratellus. Prane, fysche. Stingus. Prankyd, as clothys.^ Plieatus. Prankynge. Plicacio. Prank, of prankynge. Plica,
praysell,

jilicatura.

Praty.

Elegans,formosus,

ele-

gantulus, formulosus.

See Ducange, v. Pogibbit also a crutch for a lame man." cotg. Chaucer termed the " tipped staf," carried by the itiiierant Limitour, a " potent." Sompnoure"s Tale, 7358. Compare R. of Rose, 368, 7417; Visioa of P. Ploughman, 5092. 2 Palsgrave gives " Poumper frute," without any French word. Parkinson describes the " Pumipyrus, the pome-peare, or apple-peare, which is a small peare, but round at both ends Iike an apple." Compare peere apple, pinmpomum, above, p. 3.94. 3 A pop-gun. Caiii])ulus, or caupulus, properly signifies a small boat, formed of a hoUow tree, " cavpillns, lignum cavatum, quasi cymba,'' according to Papias. See Ducange. " Poupe for a chylde, Povpee." palsg. * A little meadow, from the old French praiel. Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, "Rolaade the handwerker shall make my pryelle {jprayel, Fr.) an hegge
1
;

" Potence, a

tentia.

aboute."
5 Palsgrave gives the verb " I pranke one's gowne, I set the plyghtes in order, ie mets le plies dune rohe a poynt. Se yonder olde man his gowne is pranked as if he were but a yonge man." Compare Germ. Prangen, ornatum arrogantius ostenSpenser speaks of some who " prancke their ruffes." dere, Wacht. Belg. Pronken. Pranked signifies, in Harapshire, dressed out finely, and to preak, in the Craven Dialect, is to dress in a showy manner.
;

412

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or skj-ppynge.
s. p.)

Prawxcyxge,
litus {saltus,

Sa-

Prextyce. Preextyx.

Apjprenticius.

(preucyn or precyn, w.) Ingero. Prechyn. PredicQ, evangelizo. Prechyxge. Predicacio. Prechowre. Predicator. Precyows. Preciosus.

Precyn IX

Inprimo {infigo, p.) Prees, or thronge. Pressura.

Presawxte,

^j^fte.

nefrendicium,

CATH.

Encenniuni, excen-

nium, kylw. Presse, or pyle of clothe. Panniplicium, pressorium, cath.

involucrum.

Preciowsxesse
p.)

(or

preciowste,

Preciositas.

Presse, for grapys, or

(presse of
lycoure,

o^^er

lyke.

Preciows stoxe. Gemma,CATU.

vel lapis preciosus.

p.)

To)'-

cular, prelum, c. T.pressorium,

Preef, or proof of a thynge. Probacio {iemptacio, p.) Preef, or a-say(y)nge. Examinacio.^

CATH. Presedext.
dens, p.)

Presidens (prece-

Presext,
or
etc.

or

now yn

thys place,

Preyare,
oratrix, oratus.

he that preyythe.

Orator, exorator, dejjrecator,

Presens. Presextyn. Presento.

or tyme.

Pressyx.
oratus, ex-

Premo,

comprimo,

Preyyd. Deprecatus,
Prey'ere.

presso, CATH.

Presse dowxe.
primo.

Depjrimo, re-

Oracio, supplicacio, deprecacio, exoracio, Preyyx, or besekyn (preyyn, or prey3}ii, h. preyen or preysen, Oro, supjjjlico, exoro, inp.)
tercedo, ohsecro.

Pressyxge. Compressio. Preeste. Sacerdos, preshiter,

capjellanus.

Preesthood. Presbiteratus
cerdocium, p.)

(sa-

Preysable,
Preysyd.
datus.

or

commendable.

Presumptuowse,

or

bolde,

or

Laudabilis, commendahil is.

Laudatus, commen-

malapert (ouer bolde, p.) sumpjtuosus.

PrePre-

(Presumptuowsxes,
sumpjtuositas.^

k.

Preysyx. Commendo, laudo. Preysyxge. Laus, Iaudacio,preconium (^commendacio, p.) Prelate. Prelatus, pjrelata. Premoster, whyjte chanOn (Pre-

T^REssuRE, idem quod presse. Prevyx, or provyn. Proho.

Prevyx,

or a-sayyn. tempto, attempto, or chevyn,

(prevjTi,

Examino,
supra in C.
or

Preexte

monster, h. p.) Premonstrensis. (prend, k. preynt, s.) {signacuEffigies, impressio lum, p.)
Exaracd, ms.

Prevyx,
chevyii

shewyn,

supra

in cherjTi, s.)^

Prevyxge.

Probacio.

Compare the verb prevyn, examino. Compare provyx, or chevyn, jjrosperor prow, or profytc. CHEVYN, or thryvyn, vigeo, p. 73. See Forby, v. Prove.
1

See also the note on

PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
Pryce. Precium. (Pricynge, k. pi-isinge,
iacio.)

413
or punchyn,
hors.
as

(Prikkyn,
p.

men

Licielacio,

do]> beestis, s.

Pungo.)
Cursitacio.

Pryde.

Superhid, fustus,
or

Prykynge, of Prykkynge.

amhicio.

Prydyn,
perhio. Pryk, or

wax prowde.
(prykkar,

Sus.)

prjkyl

Stiiiiulus, stiga,

cath.
3Ieta.

Punctio, stimulacio, punctui'a. Prylle, or whyrlegygge, as chylderys plcy (or spylkok, infia: prille of chyldrys pleyynge, K. whyrgyg, s.)'- Giraculum, cath.

Prykke, merke. PRYKE,or pynne.

spinter, cavilla.

Spintrum,vel
Broccus,

Pryme. Prima. Prymere. Primarius. Prymerose. Primula,

dula, ligustrum,

calcn-

Prykke,

for

pakkys.

cath.
Araharcus,
ha-

UG. in hromus.

Prykare,

of hors.

Cursitator.

Prynce. Prynce,
in

Princeps.
of prestys.

Prykyl

(or tyynde, infia.) Stimulus, aculeus; idem ^<o(/pryk.

beest
(prik,
s.)

Historid

Scolasticd

hetur.

Pryket,
priolus.

Ca-

Pryyncesse. Pry^ncypal.
cipuus.

Principissa. Principalis, pre-

Pryket,
weyke,

of a candylstykke, or other lyke (pryket of a candell

p.)'

Stiga,
Cursito.

cath.

Princypaly.3 Principaliter. Princypalyte. Principalitas.

{faga., p.) Prykyn hors.

Pryowre. Prior. Pryowresse. Priorissa.

Prykkyn
schai-pe

wythe a prykke, or a thynge, as bokys

a
prekyl,
h.)
p.

Priowry
Prysare,

(prioryte,

p.)

Prio-

ratus (prioritas, p.)

or settar at price, yti a merket, or o])er placys. 3Ietaxarius, c. F., lici(t)ator, taxator,

(prykkyn with

Pungo, CATH. sti^nulo. (Prykkyn, or poynten,

Puncto.^

h.

cath.

^ Candlesticks in ancient times were not fashioned with nozzles, but with long spikes or prykets. Representations of such candlesticks are given in Archieologia, xiv. 279, XV. 402, xxiii. 317, xxviii. 441, Didron's Ann. Archeol. tome iii., and Shaw*s Dresses and Decorations. In the description of the supper, in the Awntyrs of Arthure, " preketes, and broketes, and standertis " are nientioned, placed at intervals on the table brochettes being tapers fixed, in the same manner as prykets, upon a broche, or spike. In the Memoriale of Henry prior of Canterbury, a.d. 1285, the term "prikett" denotes not the candlestick, but the candle, formed with a corresponding cavity at one end, whereby it was securely fixed upon the spike. Cott. MS. Galba, E. IV. f. 45. See the note on chawndelere, p. 71, where " preketes " are mentioued amongst various kinds of candles. 2 " Giraculum, Anglice a chyldes whyrle, or a hurre, ctim qvo pueri ludunt." ortus. In the Medulla, Harl. MS. 2257, it is rendered " a pirlle.'' ^ This, and a few other words, written, as likewise the corresponding Latin terms, with the contraction p' , are printed here in ea;tenso, in accordance with the usual
;

414

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
pryce.'
licitor,

Prysyx, or settyn a Taxot metaxo, cath.

c. F. et

UG. in taxo.
Li{ci)tatio.

Privynge. Privacio. Pryvylege. Privilegium. Pryvyly. Secrete, occulte,

culo, private, clam.

clan-

Prysynge. Prysok (or

cer,

presvn,

cath. h. p.) Car-

Pryvyte.

Misterium, secretum,
or rydel.

ergastulum.

archanum.

Prysox,

or put yn pryson (pryIncarcero. sonyn, K.) Prysoxere (or presonere, h. p.) incarcerata, hicarceratus,

Probleme,
enigma,

P) oblema,
Processus. pr(oc)essyo-

c. F.

Processe, ja cawse.

Processyoxal,
nare.

or

priso,

secundum Latinum Anyeldyii j-n

F.

glicanum.

Processyoxe.

Processio.

Prysoner, takyn, and

warre.

Procuryx.

Procuro.

Daticius,

c.

(^cap-

tivus, P.)

PRYsoxER,takynbestrong-ehande, Manceps, nott yolde wylfully.

c. F. et

Proof, idem (juod preef, sujna. Profycye. Prophecia. Profecved. Prophetatus.

CATH.

captivus.

Pryvy chawmyr
Conclave.

(chambyr, s.)

Pryvy,

or

supra.')

gonge (or kocay, Latrina, cloaca, ypoet c. F.

Proferyx. Ojfero. Professyd. Professus. ProfessyOn. Professio. Prophete. Propheta, videns. Profytable. Utilis, pjrojicuus, commodus, cath.

dromium, cath.
Mistrum,
K.)
ticus,
c. F. et

Profyte
hert.2
teth, p.)

Privy hate, yn mannys

Pryvy, nowt knowyn

(or prow, infra, profyProfectus, commodum,

ug. in mistis.
(priuy, hid,
3Iis-

emolumentum, commoditas.

Occultus, secretus.

Pryvy, yn vnderstondynge.
archanus.
or deprivyd.

Profytyx. Projicio, prosum. Profur. Oblacio. Prokecye. Procuracia.

Proketowre
Privatus,

(prokeratour,

K.)

Privyd,

Procurator.

Pryvyx,
orbo,

orbatus, c. f. or depryvyii.
c. F.

Privo,

Prokyrmext. Procuracio. Prokkyn, or styfly askyii.^ Procor, pjrocito,

cath.

In no case, however, in the Harl. jNIS., where a word is uot but invariably Pry. contracted, has the scribe written Pri " I prise ware, I sette a price of a thyng what it is worthe, le aprise. Medyll of 1 " Prisier : esiimer, en bas Lat. y' you haue to do, and prise nat my ware." palsg. jjrisare.'" RoauEF. In the Epitaph on Philip Marner, who died 1587, and was buried at Northleach, this verb is used in the sense of to reward.

power of that contraction.

" In

lent

And
2

by wyll a sermon he divised, yerely precher with a noble prised."

Privy late, ms. Preuyhate, p. Skinner gives the verb " to Prog, Lat. procvrarp," and the word has been

l'R()MPTOKIU.\I l'AKVUr.UKU\I.

415

Prollyn,
infra.y

as ratchys (or purlvn",

Scruto}'.
sokyng-o.

PKOLLYN(;E,or

Perscru-

tacio, investigacio, scrutinium.

Propuk, owne. Proprius. Pkopukte. Proprietus. Prow,^ idem quod profyte. Prowde. Superbus, elatus, (^pomposus, P.)

Pkomocyone,

or fortherynge in worshyppe, or goodys (in worshyp of g-odenesso, s.) Promocio. Pkomptare, or he [>at proniptythe (promptowre, or proniptar,
p.)

Prowdely. Superbe. Prowde, in cuntenaunce,

chere.

und

Pomposus.
benefet (provondyr,

Prouender,

benyfice, K, prebend, benfyce, y.

Promptutvr.

probender, benfice, p.) Prebendu.

Prom(p)tyd. Promptus, cath. Promptyn'. Promo, cath. incenso, insumo.

Prouender,

for hors.

Migma,

avena, {probendum, p.) Proverbe. Prore) bfum.

(Promptynge, k. p. Promptus.) Pronge.2 Erumpna.

Proppe, longe CATH.
(staffe, s.)

Provyn,

or chevyiT'.
a-sayyn',

Prosperor,

(cigeo, K.)

Contus,

Provyn', or

idem r/uud

Proporcyone. Proporcio. Proporcyonyd. Proporcionatus. Propyr, or prati. Elegans. Propurly. Eleganter, decenter,
formose.

prevyn, supra. Provynce. Provincia.

Provokyn',
badde.

or steryil" to good, or

Provoco.
skornefulle word, or trut,

(Ptrot,
infra.

Vath.y

explained by lexicographers as signifying to beg, and to steal. In the dialect of East Anglia at the present time to prog signifies to pry or poke into holes and corners, and Grose explains it as implying to hunt for provision, to forage. See Nares and Richardson. " I proUe, I go here and there to seke a thyng, ie tracasse. Prolyng for a pro' mocyon, ambition." palsg. Horman says, " The nose is well sette ouer the mouthe, for he is a good proller (lecaior) for the bely." A ratche is a hound that hunts by scent, " odorimecus, quasi odorem seqitens.'" See Ratche, hereafter, p. 422. " Peongge, /jro/jre/e." palsg. 2 Compare TnROWE, womannys pronge, hereafter. * This word is derived froni the old French prou, whicli signified, according to Roquefort, gain, jirojit, profeclus. It does not appear to have been retained in t!ie East Anglian dialect. Margaret Paston, writing to her son, Sir John Paston, in 1475, complained of the distress occasioned by the exorbitant demands of Edward IV., and tlie low price of grain in consequence " I can nor sell corne nor catell to no good preue, wheete, a (omb, xxviijr?. malt is her but at xrf. a comb ootes, a coinb, xrf." It is said ia the Boke of Curte.sye,
; ; ;

" Loke the niore worthier than thou Wassiie afore tlie, and that is tiiy prowe
See Kobert GIouc, P. Langtoft,
V.
4
!

(et cela est ton

preu)."

p. i.'7B

Ipomedon,

v.

51, and

588; Cant. Tales,

12,2.M, aud 13,338. Raca, ptrupt, or fye Vath, intfrjeccio gaudentis, ut habeltir Isai. .tliv., et interjectio derisionis vel increpacionis, ut habettir Matt. xxvij., Twort!" med. ms. cant. Palsgrave observes, in his enumeration of interjections, " Some be interiections of ia" Triit, an interjection inijiorting indignation, dignacion, trut, as trut aiiant, Irul .'"

camd. soc.

II

416

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Punchyn',
or

PuDDYNGE.

Fcohim, omasus, CATH. (draw^t, s PuL, or dra^te ) Trachm. PuLLAYLY, or pullay (puUery, k.
pullayly, or pullayle, s.)i
tile,

chastysyn'

(pu-

nysshen, p.)

Punchynge,
(prvkkynge,
triisio.

Punio, casfigo. bu(n)chynge or

s.)

Stimulacio,
p.)

Al-

Punchynge
Punicio.

(punvsshmge,

CATH. volatile, c. F. PuLCHOn'. Polio, CATH. Pullyn', or drawyn' (plvkken,

H. p.)
tractiis.

PuLLYXGE,

Traho. or drawynge Traccio,

or plukkynge of fowle.

Punchon'. Stimulus, punctorium, KYLW. PuNDER.2 LibriUa, c. f.

PuFLE

(pupyll,

or

people,

p.)

PuLLYNGE,

Populus, plebs, gens, rulgus. PURBLYNDE. LuSCUS, C. F.

Deplumacio, expennacio. (PuLKE, supra in polke, p.) PuLPYTTE. Pulpitum. PuLTE, yonge hen. Gallinella, CATH. PuLTER. Avigerulus, cath. gallinarius (^poletarius, k.)

Purcatorye,
Purgatorium.

or

purgatorje.

Purchase. Adquisicio. Purchasyd. Adquisitus. Purchasyn". Adquiro. PuRCHASOWRE. Adquisitor, adquisitri.v.

Pultrye.

PuMPE

Gallinaria. of a schyppe, or o))or lyke.

(/uod prykkyn',

PuRCY,

in

wynd drawynge.

Car-

Hauritorium, cath.

diacUS, CATH..3 Purcyvawnte (purciwant, k.)

PuxcHYN, idem

PuRFYLE
H.
?.)*

of a

clothe

(purfoyl,
f.

supra. Punchy'n', or bunchyu',

tundo,
imjielli).

TAmbus, c
s.)

hora-

Trndo,

rium (urla,

Purgacyon.
sucli niatter,

Pursracio.
you are mucli deceived
;

tush, tut, fv man. Tinf nvard, a fig's end, no also, o!i afore for shame. " cotg.
'

Compare polaylk, p. 407. AKile, according to the Catholicon, denotes any domestic animal, swine or fowl, fattened for food. The word is of French derivation, poillaille signifying, according to Roquefort, volaille, pullastrn. Palsgrave gives " PuUayne, povllane, ptiullnyle." Poultry are called pullen by Tnsser, and the word is retained in the Northern and Suffolk dialects. Gerarde See Nares and Moor. observes that in Cheshire theysow buck wheat " for their cattell, pullen, and such like."'' - " Librilla est bacvlus cum corri</ia plumbata, ad librandum carnes." or.tus, from CATH. Forby gives the verb, as still used in Norfolk,to " Punder, to be exactly on an equipoise." " Pur3 V\xTs.j, cardeactis, cardiacus, Sl 'pnrsY^^es, cardia, cardiaca.''' cath. axg. " Poussif, cyf, shorte wynded, or stufFed aboute the stomacke, pourcif," palsg. pursie, short wiuded." cotg. * " Purfyll Horman says, " The purful (fp'or hemme of a gowne, 6or^." p.alsg. meiiiiini) of tbe garment is to narowe." Tyrwhitt observes that purfiled is derived from the Fr. jc(?r^/er, which properlv signifies to work upoi! the edge. Note on Cant T. v. ]d?,. See Vision of P. P. 'v. 896, 2.31.3, 2523; HalFs Chron. 25 Hen. VIII. Although purfle proj^erly denoted tlie embroidered or furred margin of the dress, it

PUOM PTO R
PuRYFYYN,
Purifico.

U.M

PA R V ULO R UM

417
Provisor,

clensyn,or

make

clene.

PuRViowRE.
rator.

procu-

Purlyn',
supra.

idem

qiiod

prollj-n',

PuT
or prolongyn', or put

PuT, or leyde. Positus, collocatus. (to-)gedyr, and onyd.

Contimius.

PuRLONGYX,
fer a-wey-

Prolongo, nlieno, PuRPEYS, fysche. Foca, c. f. vitnla marina, suiJlus, c. f. PuR-POYNT, bed hyllynge. Pulvinarium, pJumea, c.F. culcitra punctata, kylw- comm. et NECC. (plumarium, k. s. p.) PuRPOS. Propositum, industria.

PuT

to-geder,

but

not

onyd.
col-

Contiguus.

Puttyn', or
loco.

leyyii'.

Pono,

PUTTYN AFTYR. Postpono. PuTTYN A-FORNE. Prepono. PuTTYN A-\vEY. Depono, exjiello, depello.

PuRPOSYN. Propono. Purplys, sorys.i Morhuli pur-

PuTTYN ovvTE, or a-wey. Eruo. PuTTYN A-WEY, or refusyu'. Repudio, refuto.

PuRPUL.

purei dicuntur. Purpuy^a, cath. PuRS, or burs. Bursa, loculus, crumena, c F. in cruma.
(purswerkere,
s.)

PuRSKERUARE
Bursida.

manue dothe Porrigo, extendo, cath. PuTT to a thynge. Appono.

as a

PuTT FORTHE,

hys hand, or other lyke.

PuTTYN
herbe.

Portulaca~ Pursuyn', yn harme. Prosequor,

insequor. Pursuyn', or folowyn'. PuRVEYD. Provisus.

PuRSLANE,

a thynge to syllyii' (sellynge, H. p.) Licitor, c. f. or schovvwyu', infi-aJ^

(PuTTYN,

Impello, trudo, pello.)

Sequor.

PuTTYNGE to-geder, yu
Continuacio.

ouynge.

Purveyyn'.

Provideo, procuro.
Provideyicia.

Puttynge to-geder,
oiiynge.

vvytlie-ovvt

Purvyance.

Contiguacio.

seems sometimes to have had a more extended significatioa, garmeiits overlaid with gems or other ornamen^s being termed by Chaucer and other writers, purHed. " Pou?-fler d'or, to purfle,
tinsell, or overcast with gold thread, &c. Fourfileure, purfling ; a purfling lace or work ; bodkin-work ; tinselling." cotg. See Forby, v. Purle. '^ Pourjire, ' A. pury^yWe, papula." cath. ang. the Pur|)les, or a pestilent ague which raises on the body certain red or purple spots.' cotg. - To put, or push, as with the head or horns, a verb still in use in Yorkshire, has been derived from Fr. bouter, to butt. Robert Brunne uses it in this sense, Apj). to " To putte, pellere." cath. ang. To put signifies also Pref. cxciv. See Jamieson. see Sir Frederick Madden's Giossary, and notes, p. 192 ; Sir to cast, as in Havelok Isumbras, v. 606, where the favourite sport of pitching stones is meDtioned, of which Fitz Stephen speaks, as an exercise in which the citizeus of London delighted. See also Langt. Cliron. p. ^(i ; Octoxnan, v. 895 ; and Jamieson. Marshall, in the Rural Economy of Norfolk, gives amongst dialectical expressions the verb to put, to stumble, as a horse, but it is not noticed by Forby or Moor.
:

418

PRO.MPTORIUM PARVLLOKL.M.
or leyvnge.
Po.sicin,

PuTTYNGE,
collocacio.

QvAYLYN,
lycowre.^

as

niylke,

and other

Coagulo.
of Ivcoure.

PuTTYNGE, or schowyiige, PuTTOK, brvd. Milvus.

Pulsuf>.

QuAYLYXGE,
lacio.

Coagu-

QuAKYX.
pido.

Treiiio, contrenw, tre-

QuADRANT.
QuAYER.^

Ouadruns.
Quaternus.
Quistiila, qualia.
ojier

QuAKYXGE. Treiiior. QuAKYMGE, for colde. Frigutus. QuALE, fysche (ov whale, infra ;
QuAXTE,
qwal, H. p.) Cetus. or sprete, rodde
W'haiite, infra.)3

QuAYLE,
CATH.

byrde.
et

UG. V. in Q. QuAYLYD, as mylke, and Coagulatus. Ivke.

'

(or

Contus.

QuANTYTE.

Qiiantitas.
denoted abundle

It raav deserve notice that in old parlance, a quire, whicli properly

of paper, comprising h certain number of sheets, frequently was used to signify any Chaucer, in the Envoy of his Praise of similar bundle of shcets, or unbound volume. Women, bids his " little quaire" go to his heart's sovereign. Thus also the Poetical Lament written by James I. of Scots, during his detention in England, was calied " the King's Quair." Horman remarks that '' boughtes, whetlier they be hole, or hoked, set to gether in order, charta complicatfe, sm jnstw, sev vnce-{? imcatce.) make Though there be fewar or mo boughtj in a quayr yet it is com'only called a a quayre. quayre." In inventories, wills, and other similar documents, any book in slieets is commonly termed a quire; thus " lon of Croston." of York, bequeaths, in 1393, " a quayer Test. Ebor. i. 185. Transcribers usually reckoned of Emunde Mirrour in ynglysch." In the Paston their work by quires, and numbered the quaterni, as it proceeded. Correspondence mention is made, in a letter written about 1465, of a scribe who had ropied the Chronicle of Jerusalem, and the valinnt acts of Sir John Fastolf, and estiYol. iv. inated his labour, stating that " it drow more yan xxx. wha^erys otl" paper." The word quire has been usually derived from the old Fr. qvo.yer, caliier ; or by 78. some from quarreau, a square. Compare Isl. kwer. lil/elliis, codicillus, unico jiergameno conscripfus. Forby observes that a quire of paper is called in Norfolk a quaire. In the Issue Roll of the Exch. a.d. 1422, 9 Henry Y., a payment of ^"3. <js. is recorded, for 66 great " quaternes" of calf skins. purchased by John Heth, Clerk of the Privy " Quayre of paper, une main de Seal, to write a Bible thereon for the King's use.
papier.'" palsg. " To quail still signifies, in the dialect of East Anglia, to curdle, according to Forby and Moor. In Harl. MS. 5401, f. 192, the following direction is given, " For qualing cast herto a letil tiour, and styre it wele." In a collection of recipes in Sir of mylk

"

Thomas
spices
;

Phillipps' possession (MS. Heber, 8186) a caution occurs regarding the use of lessone, lerne hit well to all potage put all maner of spyces to the sethynge,

safe gynger, for he wol quayle the potage for certayne." See other examples of the use of tliis word in the Forme of Cury, p. 73, and the Account of the Tnthronization of

Abp. Nevill, Leland CoU. vi. 11. Ital. " Qvagliare, to curd, or congeale as milke " I quayle, as mylke dotthe, ie gnai/lel/ot/e." palsg. doth." FLORio. 3 QuANTE of sprete, redde, MS. Forby gives Quont, a poleto push a boat onwards, in the Yocabulary of East Anglia. See Whaxte, hereafter. In Kent a walking sfick is termed a quant, and in East Sussex the word is used in the same signification as given by Forby.

)'KO.MPrORIUiM

PARVULORUM.
QuARTERE,
lyke.

419
of
corne, or
ojjor

QuAREL,

or

querel,

or

pleynt.'

Querela. QuAREL, arowe.

Quarterium.
(quarteryd, s,)

QuadreUum.

QuARTLE

Qtca-

QuARERE,

quarere of stone (quarer, K. quar, s. quarrye, p.) Lapidicina, cath. sa.rifraor

drijiartitus.

QuAscHYD. QvASCHYN,

Quassatus.
or brysyn (or crusch-

gium, KYLw. lapifodina, cath. QuARRY, thykk mann, or womann

(quarej, grossus.
s.)-

yn, supra.)

Briso, quasso.

QvAscHYN,
don.

or daschyn', or for-

Corpulentus,

QuARYEKE.
cida,

Lapidicidius, lapidi-

Quasso, casso, cath. Qnassucio. (QwAT, or what, infra. Quod.)

QuASCHYNCiE.

CATH.

QuAVE,

of a

myre (quaue,

as of a

QuART, mesure. Quarta. QuARTEYNE, fevyr. Quartana, quartella, kylw. QuARTEXARE, or )jat hathe Jje
quarteyne.

Labina, c. f. QvAVYN, as myre. Tremo, etc. ut supra.

p.)3

myre, K.

(QwEYMOws,
QvELLYN,

QuARTER,
Quarta.

Quarte7iarius. \e fowrte parte.

hifra in skejTnowse, or sweymovfs. Abho}m7iativus,s.)

or

querkyn (qverlyn,
s.)-*

or qverkjTi,

Suffoco.

' " quarelle, querela, ctc. uhi a plante." cath. ang. In the Golden Legend a relation is given of a certain kniglit. who made annual pilgrimage to the shrine of St.

M.iry Magdalen, and having been slain accidentally, " as his frendes wepte for hym lypnge on the byere they sayd with swete and deuoute querelles, which suffred her deuoute seruant to deye without confessyon and penaunce." " Robert of Gloucester says that Robert Curihose was so named on account of his stature, " vor he was somdel schort."

" hycke

man he was
Iie

ynou, bote

lie

nas nojt wel long

Quarry

was, and wel

ymade vorto be strong."

P. 412.

speaks of " a quarry and well pyght man, homo staturd corporis qttadratd." " Quarry, fatte bodycd, or great, corpulent." palsg. " A quarry or fat man, oliesus.^' Goui-DM. In the Dialect of East Anglia quaddy has the like signification, according to Forby. In Rich. Coeur de Lion the epithet is applied to a lance "a long schafFt stout and quarrey." v. 493. In the Seuyn Sages a largehall is describedas "quaire."' 3 HorxnaiU, in his chaipter de re eriijicatorid, observes that "a quauery or a maris, and unstable foundacion must be holpe with great pylys of alder rammed downe, and with a frame of tymbre called a crossaundre {Jisttica).'" In Caxton's Mirrour of the World, part ii. c. 22, it is said, " understande ye how the erthe quaueth and shaketh, that somme peple calle an erthe quaue, by cause they fele ther the meue and quave vnder "Quaue myre, fouiidriere, cronliere." palsg. Forby gives Quaverytheir feet." mavery, undecided, hesitating how to decide. 4 To queli, as used by the old writers, signifies to destroy life in any manner, although here apparently taken in tlie sense of stifling. Minot, speaking of the Comyn, says Chaucer, describing a farm yard attacked by that " in haly kirk thai did him qwell." a fox, says, " the dokes crieden as men wold hem quelle." Cant. T. v. 15,396. Ang.Sax. cwellan, trucidare.

Horman

420

PRO.MPTORIU.M PARVULORUM.
in ovyr qwel-

(QwELMEN, supra

lyghte,

idem f/uod owt, supra.

myiT, et infra in turnon.) (QwE.MYD, or peesyd, supra.

catiis.)

Extinctus.)

Pa-

QvEMYN,
K.
s.

or

plesyn
Paci/ico,

(pesyn,

QuENCHYN. E.vtinguo. Querdlynge, appuUe. cenum, kylw.

Dura-

p.)'

placo,

paco.

(QwEMYNGE,
QuENCE,
tonium,

or peesjTige, supra.

Pacificacio.^
frute.
c. f.

Coctonum,
(niconia, p.)

sci-

QuEERE. Cliorus. QvEREL, pleynte. QuereJa. QuERYSTER. Chorista, choricanus, CATH. choricista, pariphonista, comm. Querkenyd.3 Sitffbcatus.

QUENCETREE. QvENTYSE, or

CoctOHUS.
sleythe (qveyntesvr

qveyntyze, sleyhte, H. quentysur' Astucia, quentyze, sleight, p.) calliditas, {cautela, p.) QuEYNTYSE, yn gay florysschynge,
or ojjer lyke.
et

Querkenynge. Siiffbcacio. Querkyn, idem quod quellyfi. Querne. Mola manualis, c.

trapeta, c. f. com.m. (QwERT, or whert, infra.^
columis, sanus, sospes.)

f.

In-

Virilia,

UG. V. francista,

kylw. kylw.
price.^

QuESTE. Duodena. QuESTYONE. Questio.

QvENE. Regina. QuEN, womann of lytylle Carisia, kylw. et c. f.

QuEYM,
Lego.
or

or be-qvethyn (quethyn,
s.)

K. p. queyin, or be-quevyn,

(Qwenchyd,

as

candylle,

QUEYEWORDE

(qvethe worde, K.

' To queme, Ang.-Sax. cweman, placere, is commonly used by Langtoft, Cbaucer, Gower, Spenser, and otber writers. Cbaucer uses also tbe verb to misqueme, to disIn tlie please. In tbe Wicliffite version quemeful occurs in tbe sense of pleasing. curate's instructions to bis flock, according to tbe directions given in tbe Flos Florum, passage occurs, in reference to tbe third petition Burney MS. 356, f. 82, tbe foUowing " Here wbe byddeb J^at as angeles and holy saules quemetb God of the Lords Prayer. Palsgrave givestbe in heuene, bat wbe so mowbe wytb bys grace queme bym in eijje.'' verb, " I queme, I please or I satysfye, Chauser, in his Cauterbury Tales this worde is nowe out of vse.'' Jamieson gives it as retained in some parts of N. Britain. 2 " Queane, garse, paillarde, gaultiere." palsg. Cbaucer uses the word in this
;

In tbe Vision of Piers Plougbman it is said tbat in tbe cburcb it is oi)probrious sense. See Paston liard to distinguish a knigbt from a knave, or " a queyne fro a queene." Letters, iv. 3fa'0. 3 " Noyer, to drowne, to whirken, to stifle with water. Noie, wbirkened, ouer-

" Querkwlielmed, as witb water. Snffoque, stifled, wbirkened, smotbered." cotg. ned, siiffocafns." gouldm. Querken'd is still uscd in tbis sense, in the Craven Dialect. 1 See Seupi Sages, v 771, 3862 Lydgate's Minor Poems, pp. 32, 38. " Quartyfulle, quarfcllnesse, prosperitas. compos, prosper. To make quarfulle, prosperare. "Inqwarte, wijhale. Hale, acer, firmus, incoluinis, inteyer,sanus, sospes." oath. axg.
;

Tbe wiseman

On

forsotbe wil nat sette bis herte tbinge tbat may not longe stande in querte.

Speculum Xpiani,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
qveye word, or qvethe word, h. quetheword, s.)' Legatum.

421
to

QuYVER,

for

putt yn

boltys.

Pharetra.

or mevyii (quichyn, qvyhchyn, h. qvytchyn, s. quynchyu, w.)2 Moveo. (QwYCE TRE, or fyrrys, stipra, or gorstys tre. Ruscus.) QuYK, or a-lyve (or whyk, infra.)
K.

QuYBYBE, CATH. QvYCCHYN,

spyce.

Quiparum,

Rabet,
celhis.

yonge

conye

(conyne,

K h. Rabett, cony,

p.)

Cuni-

Rabet, yryne tool Runcina, cath. Rabet, in a werke

of carpentrye.
of carpentrye.
c. f.

Vivus.

Runctura, incastratura,
or
lyvely,

QuYK,

or

delyvyr.

(Rabetynge

Viva.v.

QuYKLY. Vivaciter. QuYKNESSE, or lyvylynesse.

vacitas.

Vi-

to-gedyr of ij. bordys, supra in knyttynge, or ioynynge.) Racare, of a pytte (rakare of a

cyte, K. s. p.)

Merdifer, CATH.
f.

QuYKXESSE, of lyve

(lyf, k.) Vita.

fumarius,
(firmarius,

c.

olitor,

c.

f.

QuYKNYN

(quykyn, k.

p.)

Ve-

s. fimurius, p.)

geto, vivifico.

Racyn

(or rasN^n, h. p.) bokys, or

QvYLLE, stalke. Calamus. QvYLTE, of a bedde. Culcitra. QuYNTYNE. Quirinarium, c. f.

et

ojjer lyke.

Rado, abrado.

UG. in quiparium.

QvYRLYLEBONE,
Ancha.

yn

ioynt.^

Raaf, propyr name. Rudulphus. Raaf, ware (raf ward, s.) Raaf, maii. Ragge. Cincinnus, ug. in cedo,
scrutum, panniculus,
lacinia,

QuYSPERON

(or mustryn, supra;

cath.

qvysperyn, or whysperyn, p.)

(QwYSPERYNGE,

qwysperyn, h. Mussito. or musterynge,

Raggyd
Ragyn".

(or torne, p.)

osus, lacinosus, c. f.

Lacinipannosus,

laceratus, cincinnosus.

supra. Mussitacio.) QuYT, and delyuerd of a charge.

Solutus, liberatus, deohligatus.

Rabio,

colliictor.

Ragynge.

QvYT AV^CE.Acquietancia,apoca.
Qvytyn',
or 3yldyn'.

Reddo,per-

solvo, quieto.
'

Rabies, rabh^itiis, c. f. Ragmann, or he that goythe wythe iaggyd clothys (raggyd clothys, s.) Pannicius, velpannicia, UG. in pan.

" Leffaium, a quethworde, et. est quod in teslalo dimittitur. med. " I queythe, donne en testement, or ie delaisse." palsg. " I quytche, I styrre or moue with my bodye, or make - See King Alis, v. 4747. His mother maketh hym a cokenay (ung nyes), but and he here me he noyse, ic tinte. She layde upon hym lyke a raaulte sacke, and the poore boye durste dare nat quytche. The same author gives the verb " I quynche, I nat ones quytche (tynter).'" palsg. " // n^y a homme qui nse I quynche, I make a noyse, ie tynte.''^ styrre, ie mouvue. lever rceil devant lui/, no man dare quitch or stirre before him." cotg.
ie
3

See

Whyrlebone,

or hole of a ioynt, hereaftcr.

422

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Ratche,
rius,

Odovinsecus, hownde.' quasi odoremsequens, iejj(er)a-

Rakke. Presepe. Rake, or ryve. Rastrum, cath.

c. F, et UG. in rarus, i'astallum, cath. Rakyn (or ryvyfi, infra.) Rastro, et

KYLW.

ef

cath. forie

in

reperio, venaticus, cOiMm. Raiare (ragere, k.) Rahiator,

Rav, yn

rahulus, c. f. et UG. rahiosus. a clothe (rayid, k. rayyd. with ray, s. rayed, p.) Stragulatus, radiatus, dicc.

KYLW.

Rakynge. Rastratura, c. f. Ram, schepe. Verve.v. Ramme, ynstrument to ram wythe.

Pilus, CATH. pjiletum, trudes. c. f. {pilentum, p.) Ramage, or coragyows.- Corragiosus, luitosus, ug. in luo. (Ramage, or corage, h. p. Co-

(Ray, clojj, s. p. Stragulmn.) (Ray, fysh, s. Uranoscojms.) Rayd, or arayed wythe clothynge,
or other thvnge of honeste (thynge

Rayd,

Ornatus. of clennesse, k. p.) or (a)rayde, or redy (rayed,

Paratus. or arayid, k. p.) Rayl, of vyneys (rayyl of vpiyll,

Paxillus, cath. retica, c. F. et UG. in resis. Rayle vynys. Retico, c. f. Raylyd, as wynys. Reticatus. Raylynge. Reticacio. Raymext, or arayment (ornament, K.) Ornatus, ornamentum.
II.

ragium.) RAMAGEXEssE,orcoragyowsnesse.

p.)

Rammyn', wythe
Trudo,

Luita, ug. in luo. an instrument.^

tero, ])ilo.

Rammynge,

of a gromide. Tritura, pressura, (compiressio, p.)

k.
s.

Ramzys, herbe (rammys,

ramsis, h. ramseys,
p.)-'

-Affo-

dyUus,

c. F.

Compare Prollyx, as ratchys, above, p. 415. In Daine Julyan Bernes' instrucBoke of Huntynge, it is said that the hart, buck, and boar are beasts of chase, which " wyth the lymere shall be vpreryd in fryth or in felde," but that all other Compare beasts that are liuated " shall be sought and founde wyth ratches so fre." A dog that discovered his prey by scent was the Mayster of Game, Vesp. B. xii. f. 89.
'

tions, in the

Ang.-Sax. Rsece, rendered in ratclie, as distinguished from a greyhuund. Gesner givts a Glossary " bruccus,^' q. hraccus, or bracco, indagafor representation of the " Caniis Scoticus sayav, vulgo dictus ane Rache," observing that Caius says of dogs v.hich hunt by scent, that the maie is generally calied a hound, the See Jamieson, v. Rache, female, by the English a Brack, by the Scotch " aae Racbe." and Braciiell Ducange, v. Bracco. In the Catlioliron Angl. is given " Gabrielle rache,
termed a
.iEUric's
. ;

hic caritalion."
t>er

2584, f. 1/3, it is said of " )>e medicvns and vertues of the asche hau venym, as }'e heynde, J^e iiouude, and J>e wolf, and o\>tr bestis, \>aX whenue \>e,\ arn ramagous or joli, here venym gretly noyeb, so ]>aX oftyn sij>es )>e.i makyn men sike, and somme to dyen." The seed of the tree of life is recomuiended as a Chaucer remedy, namely the " bellis" that grow on the ash, mi.x^ed with woman's milk. See Hardyng's Chron. c. xcvii. st. 6. uses ramage, and ramagious in a similar sense.
2

In Sloane

MS.

ben

bestis hat

Ramnyn. MS.
Gerarde states that the Allium ursinum
is

called

' '

Ramsies, Ramsons, or Buckrams.

PRO.MPTORIUM PARVULORL "M.

423

Rande,

or Randolf, propyr
s.)

(Radyl,

name Ramdphus, non

longe

Raxsakynge.
Rappe,
Rape, Rape,

Inoestigacio, scrutinium, indagacio, perscrutacio.

stroke.

Radulphus, Raaf.

Ictus, percucio,

Randone,

renge of wurdys, or other thyngys (long raunge, etc.y Haringga, episor

percussura.
or
hast.'^

Festinacio, fes-

tinancia.
herbe.

tola quedam denominata. (Ranke, s. p. Crassus.) (Rankenesse, s. p. Crassi-

Raphanus,

c.

f.

lapa, UG. in rumpo.

Rapyn', or
celero

hastyii'.

Festino, acat a dore.

tudo.)

Rankowre, hertely
in hert, s.)

wrethe (wreth

Rappyn',
Pulso^.

or knokkvri

Rancor.
Investigatus,

Ransakyd.

per-

Rappyx', or

smytyii'

a thynge

scrutatus, vel sciiitatus.

a-^en' a-nojjer.

Ransakyn*. Scrutor,
vestigo, perscrutor.

lustro, in-

(Rappyn,
cucio.)

CoIIido, allido. or smytyn, h. p. Peror symple puple (rask.)*

RansaKyn', or demyfi' yn wjtte (demyn with in wytt, iiarl. ms.

2274)
Discucio.

Rascalye,
cayle,
s.

sympyl peple, Popellus {plebs, s.)

;

ramps.
'

The broad-leaved garlick is commoniy termed ramsons in Craven Dialect rams, or " Ramsey, an herbe " (no French.) palsg. Haringga seeTa^he.re tohe given for haretiga, or arenga, a public declamation. See Ducange. Randon, in its primary signification, appears to be synonymous with the old Thus Sir John Maundevile Fr. randon, violcnce, impetuous speed, a sudden shock. relates that, on solemn festivals, at the Court of the Chan, " thei maken knyghtes to

jousten in armes fulle lustyly, and thei rennen to gidre a gret randoum, and thei Holinshed describes the onslaught upon frusschen to gidere fully fiercely." p. 286. the Duke of Somerset at the battle of Tewkesbury, " with fuU randon," as made by " Aller a la grand randon, to certain spear-men placed by EJward IV. in ambush. Decursio, iustes as go very fast. Randonner to run violently." cotg. Elyot gives In a secondary sense this word seems to liave implied an at the tilte or raudon." array or line of combatants, or a continuous flow of words, as in an harangue. ^ Chaucer uses this word both as a substantive and an adverb. In the Vision of P. Ploughman the verb to rape, to hasten, occurs, as also the adverbs rapely and
, '

rapelier.
3 " Flebecula, lytelle folke or raskalle. Plebs, folk or raskalle." med. Fabyan, under the year 1456, speaks of " a multitude of rascall and poore people of the cytye." In the St. Certain animals, not accounted as beasts of chace, were likewise so termed. Alban's Book it is stated that " there be fiue beasts which we cal beasts of chace, the all other of what kinde soeuer terme the doe, the foxe, the marterue, and the roe buke, them Rascall." It appears, however, from the Mayster of Game, that the hart, until he was sLx years old, was accounted " rascayle or foly." Ve-p. B. xii., f. 25. In the Survey of the Estates of Glastonbury Abbey, taken at the Dissolution, the deer in the various parks are distinguished as " deere of anntler"and" deere of Rascall." Hearne'8 Horman says, " He hath bought rascals and other shepe, reiuculan P. Langt. ii. 345. This is but rochel and rascall wine, tortiuum vinum." In the emit et promiscuasoves. Household Ordinances of Henry VIII. A.D. 1526, some kind of fish is thus termed, 3 I camd soc.
;

4-24

ri{().\!l'-I()KirM

I'AKVULORU.M.

IvASCALY, or refuse, wliere of hyt C<ibe (qwere so hyt be, s.)

R ATUN, or ratOn'.
Ravare.
rator, c. f.

Rato,sorex, c.f. Delirus, cath. deli-

ducum, c. Rasyn', or

F.

scrapyii',

idein fjuod

racyn', supra.^

hondvs.- Ringo, cath. of hondys (howndys, K. houndes, p.) Rictus, cath. Rasynge, of scrapynge of bokys or other lyke. Abrasio, vdsura. Raskyn'. Exalo, ug v. in m.

Rasyn, as Rasynge,

Raw. Crudus. Raweyne, hey (rawen, p.)^ Fenum serotinum, cath. Raveyne. Rapina, spolium.
Ravene,
byrd.

Ravenowre.
R avyn',

Cornix. Raptor, predo,

rahidus, cath. (rabulus, p.) or dotyn'. Desipio,CATn.

et

UG. in alo.
fysche.

insanio, deliro.

Rasowre,
Rasoure,

Rasorius (ru-

Ravynge.

Deliracio.

c. f. deli-

sorinus, p.)
kn^-fe (i-asour of schavynge, K. p.) Novacula, rasorium, c. f. Rastylbow^, wede.3 Resfa hovis. Rastyr howse, or schavyng howse (rasyr hows, s.)^ Barbitondium. Ratonere. Soricus, sorii-eps,

ramentum, cath. Ravyschyn'. Rapio.

Rawnesse,

or rawhede. Cruditas.

Rawnsome. Rawnsomyd.

Redenrpcio.

Redemptus.
(redimo, p.)
inf^a.)

Rawnsomyn'. Multo

Rathare
Pocius,

(or
cicius.

sonnare,

tatoiiarius.

Real. Realis. Realte. Realitas.

possibly an interior flat fish one mess of ' rascalls or flage," at the price of eight pence, " Rascall, refuse beest, refvs." palsg. to be provided on fish days. ' Forby gives the verb to rase, pronounced race, to cut or scratch superficially, as " I race a writynge, I take out a worde with a pomyce or penused in East Anglia. knyfe ie efface des mrji^, &c. I race a thynge that is niade or graven out, as the weather or tyme dothe, ie olblittere. Rase, a scrapyng, '/a57<re." palsg. In Trevisa's version of Yegecius, B. ii. c. 13, it is said th^it besides banners the Ronian chieftains had " crestes ouer thawrt her helmes and diuers signes and tokyns, that in caas her baner of her warde w' eny myshappe were voidede, rasede, or filede, or done out of her sighte, yet l)y the sightes of her souereyns crestes they might returne ayen to her wardes." Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. Robert Fiil, in the " Briefe sum of the Christiau faith," translated from Beza, says, " iiiiquities can no more fraye nor trouble me, my accountes and dettes beinge assuredly rased and wiped out by the precious blood of Jesus Christ." f. ly, b.
;

was

My

" Ringo, irasci sicut cnnis, vel rictumfacere, to gner." ortus. Gerarde says that the petty whinne, or rest harrow, is commonly called Aresta })')i'is, aiul reinora aratri, in French areste bmnf. In Norfolk, according to Forby, it is called iand-whin. ^ " A raster house, barbitnndium, tomorium. A raster clathe, ralla." cath. ang.
'-'

a raster clothe." ortus. calls the eddish, or after-grass " rawings." and it Dialect of East Anglia, according to Forby in Hampshire rowings or roughings.
"^

" Ralla,

Tusser

is still

so termed in the and Sussex it is called

1'KOMPTOKIUM I'AKVULOKUM.
Rebel,
or

4-25

vnbuxum.

Rebellis.,

Rechyn',
or

or

put

forthe,

as

biobedlens.

mann dothe hys honde

diawyn owt,
tendo, etc. ut supra.
\{

(retchyn,

Rebello. or vnbuxumnesse. Rebellio^ inobediencia. Rebowxdvn', or sowndvn a-^ene.' Reboo, CATH. rotundo (re-

Rebellyn'.

K. h. p.)

E{ic)-

Rebellyone,

ECHYNGE, or stretchynge (rehchinge, K. rehoghynge, p.)

tensio.

Ex-

dundo,

a. v.)

Recleyme,
so(w)ndor (reboudinge, p.)

Rebo(w)xdyxge,

y(n)ge a-^en Reboacio, reboatus.

Claor chalange. meurn, ve/idicacio (clarnium, p ) Recleymyd, as hawkys. Redomitus,

CATH.
or chahingyd.

Rebukyn',

or reboston (rebostyn,

Recleymyd,
clamutus

Re-

or vndyrnemyn, k.)

Redarguo.

Receyvyd.
Receyvyn*.

Receptus, acceptus. Recipio, suscipio,

p.

Recleymyn',
stynt,
s.

or wythefcyn' (with Rewithseyne, p.)

(accipio, p.) capio.

clamo.
re-

(Receyuyng,
cepcio.)

Accepcio,

Recleymyn',

or

make

tarae.

Domo
p.

(dotnestico, p.)

redomo.

(Receyuour,
ceptor.)

Receptor, ac-

Receyt. Receptum. Rechyn', as lethyr (retchyn'

leder, p.)

wyldenesse. of Redoinitacio. (Recluse, or ankyr, supra. Anachorita.)

Recleymynge,

as

Dilato, extendo. Rechyn, or a-retchyn, and ny^e (astrechyn, k. to a thynge stretchyn', p.) Attingo, protendo, VG. v. in m.

Record,

of wytnesse (record or

witnesse, p.)
tificacio,

Testimonium,

tes-

recordacio.
lytyl pype.'

Recorder,
c. F. in

Canula,

ro)auIa.

dothe,

rebounde, as the sownde of a horne, or the sounde of a bell, or ones voyce Agaynst a holowe place voyce or noyse wyll rehoundys, ie resonne, &c. bounde and make an eccho." falsg. Compare soundynge a-jene, resonattis, infra. 2 This wordis placed in the MS. and in p. between refuge and rehersynge, probably because by the first hand it had been written rehchynge, as in tlie King's CoU. MS. " I ratche, I stretche out a Palsgrave gives various significations of the verb to reach. I ratche, 1 catche, I have raught If it be to shorte ratche it out. length, ie estends. (Lydgat) ie altayns. And I ratche y^ thou shalt bere me a blowe, s/ ie le peulx attoyndre I reche a thyng with niy hande or with I reche, ie bnlle. ie te donneray ung sovfflel. See Moor's SufFolk a weapen, or any other thyng that I holde in my hand, ie attayns.'" Glossary, v. Reech. 3 The musical instrument called a recorder appears to be the kind of flute of which a description and representation are given by Mersennus, designated as the "flusie He d'Anrjleterre, que Von ajjpelle douce, et a neiif trous.''' Harmonie Univ. 1, p. 237. exhibits the form and coustruction of a set of flutes which had been sent from England to one of the Kings of France, and these representations may serve to illustrate the observation of Bacon, that " the figure of recorders, and flutes, and pipes, are straight; but the recorder hath a less bore and a greater, above and b?low." Nat. Hist. s. 221. In
'

"

ie

426

P ROM

PTO

UM

PAK

VULORU M
of bokys. Lector. or expownder of tliyngys hard to vndvrstonde (redar or cow(n)celar in priuities, k. redar
of counsellis

Recordyn

lessoiiys.

Recordoi\
wytnesse.
berer.

repeto {recordo, P.) Recordyn', or bere

Testificor.

Redare, Redare,

Recordowre,
Textis.

wytnesse
or

and preuyteis,

p.)

Recreacyon',
(refeccion', p.)

refreschynge
Recreatio,^ re-

focillacio.

Interpretator, edictor. Redare, of howsys. Calamator, arundinarius, cannarius. Rubellus, Redbreste, byrde.
viridarius, frigella.

Recreacyon',
freschynge.^

or

howse of reRecreatorium.

Redgownd,

Recuryn,
cupero.

or a-^en getyii'.

ReConrtibi-

Recuryn',

of

sekenesse.

valeo, reconvaleo.

Rede,

coloure.

Ruheits,

cundus. REED,ofthefenne. Arundo,canna.

of yonge Scrophulus, c. f. scrophule, ug. in scortes. Redy. Promptus, paratus. Redyly'. Prompjte, parate. Redynesse. Promptitudo, Redyn' howsys. Arundino, calamo, KYLW. (^culmiso, p.)
sekenesse
chyldryne.'*

Reed pytte,

or

fenne.^

Can-

netum, arundinetum, C. F. Reed, connsele. Consilium. Reede, on a booke (redyn bokys, K. p.) Lego.

Redyn', or expovvnyfi' redellys, or parabol', and other privyteys, idem quod ondon", supra in O. (parablys and odyr prevy termys,
infra in vndovn,
s,.)^

" Recorder, a In Holland's version of Pliny the single pipe or recorder is mentioned. Further information respecting the various flutes used pype,_/7ey/e a ix. irous." palsg. during the midiile ages is given by M. de Toulraon, in his Dissertation on Musical InSee Nares. The early note of struments, Mem. des Antiqu. de France, xvii. p. 131. song-birds was terraed reconling, probably, as Barrington suggests, from the instrument
formerly called a recorder.
recordeth
'

all

redy,

"I recorde, as yonge byrdes do. le patelle. This byrde " To record, as birds, she wyll synge w'in a whyle." p.\Lsn.

'.effazoniller."

sherw.

Recordacio, ms. i ecreatio, k. p. " R'freschynge. ms. Compare Refreschyd, &c. infra3 This word occurs in the ^SlS. between Rednesse and Refeccyone. ^ Gownd signifies the foul matter of a sore, Ang.-Sax. gund, pus, sanies, as already " Reed gounde, sickenesse of noticed under the word gownde of t>e eye, p. 206. chyldren." palsg. This eruptive humour is more commonly termed the Redgum, for which various remedies are to be found in old books of medicine. Williara Langham specially commends the water of columbine as " good for yong children to drinke " Red-gum, a sickness of against tlie redgum or fellon." Garden of Health, I.t79.

young children, scrophxtlns." gooldm. 5 " I rede, I gesse, ie diirine. Rede who tolde it me, and I wyll teU the trouthe. I re<le or advise, ie conseille. Loke what you do I rede you." palsg. Horman says, " Arede my dreme and I wyl say thou art Godis fellow.'' Ang.-Sax. araedan, conjectare. " Enigma, est sernio figvratvs vel obscura locutio, vel questio obscura, que non intellipitur nisi aperiafnr, Anr/lire a redynge or demaunde." ortvs.

PKOMPTORlUiM PARVULORUM.

4'27

Redynge, Redynge,

of bokys.

Lectura.

colowre.

Rubiculum,

Refreschyn'. Refuce, or owt

Re/icio, refocillo.
caste,

rubratura.

Redynge,
nacio.

of howsys.

Arundi-

Redy'nge, or expownvnge of rydellys, or ojjer privyteys

(vndo-

what so euer Caducum, hyt be (refute, p.) pui ga m en tum Refucyd. Refutatus. Refusyn', and forsakyn. Refuto, respuo, CATH. abdico.

ynge of redellysand pryuynessys,

K.)

Refusyn, wythe
c. f.

hate.

Repudio,

Tnterpretacio. edicio.

Rednesse. Rubedo. Redressyn. Dirigo, redirigo. Refeccyox', (refet of fisshe, k.

refet

R efusynge.
Refuge,
refuce,

Refutacio, recusacio. or socowre (refute, k. p.

s.)^

Refugium,

suc-

or

fishe,

h.

reuet,

p.)^

cursus.

Refecyd,

Refectio, refe.ctura. or refeet (refeted, K. h.

reueted, p.)2

Reiaggyn'

(or reprevyii', infra.)*

Refectm, cath.

Redargno. Rehercyn'. Recito.

Reformyn'. Reformo. Refreynyn'. Refreno,

cohibeo, compesco.

Rehercyn'
cath.

a thynge a-jen, or do the (*jc) a thynge a-^en (rehercen* ageyne, or done ageyne,
p.)

Refreyt,
s.

of a respowne (refreyth, respounde, k. refreyt or a rospown', p.) Antistropha, cath.

Refocillatus,
re-

Itero, recito.

Refreschyd.

Rehersynge. Recitacio. Reyhhe, fysche. Ragadia, kylw. Reyke, or royt, ydylle walky(n)ge
abowt
(reyke
or

creatus {refectus, p.)

'

royke,

s.)^

banquet " Reffait

at a

This term may designate some kind of entremets, a reward or extra service of fish Roquefort, however, gives possibly it may denote the fast-day refection. : sorte de poisson de mer, rouget, parce qu'il est gros et gras" (refais). " jRe/?c!0, to agayne stable, or to rifete." med. ms. cant. Compare the use of 2 the word " refetiden," (rcficiebant, Vulg.) in the Wycliffite version, Deeds, c. xxviii. 2. 3 The reading supplied by the King's Coll. MS. Refute, is in accordance with the Jer. xvi. obsolete form of the word, as found in the Wycliffite version (Deut. xix. 12.
:

19

plur. refuytis, Ps.

is

mention

ciii. 18.) So also in the version of Vegicius ascribed to Trevisa, raade of a " refute to rynne to." (Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. B. i. c. 21.) In old

French, Refuy. 4 This verb, occurring in alphabetical order between Refusyn and Rehercyh, may It is used by an ancient writer on the have been written by the first hand Regaggyii. Speaking of the cure of sore gums or virtues of herbs (Arund. MS. 42, f. 10 h.) " water cancre," as easy with prompt attention, he says "I saw a wort>y leche so angry & wroth with moderes & kepirs of children \>t hadde longe a-byden, i^t he reiagged hem hugely, and onnej^is and (with) gret dyficulte durste he, or wolde, vnderfonge hem Skelton speaks of " beggars reiagged," (Why come ye nat to courte? v. 602,) to cure."

which Mr. Dyce explains as signifying all-tattereil. Forby gives the verb to Rake as still used in Norfolk, precisely in this sense. It means " to gad or ramble in mere idleness, without any immoral implication. It is Brockett has a similar word, " Rake, v. to walk, often applied to truant chiUlren." Su.-Got. reka, to roam." to range or rove about.
!>

428

PROMPTOKIUM PAKVULORUM.
vagitas,

Discursus, vagacio, CATH. in vagor. Reyxe. Pluvia.

Fumus. RjIEK, or sineke. Rekkeles. Necgligens, incurius. Rekkelesly. Necgligenter.

Reynebow.

Iris.

Rekkelesnesse

(rekleshed, k.)

Reyn' fowle, bryd (or Wodewale, or Wodehake, infra.^

Gaulus,
rojies, c
c. F.

picus, c. F.

mep.)'

Necs^ligencia, incuria. Rekken, or cha(r)g\-n, or ^en tale (chargyn or jenetale, k. reckyn'

f. (^picus

mnjor,

or

chargen', or

gyue

tale,

p.)

Reynyn',

JRegno. Reynyn' water. Pluit, cath. Reyne water, or water of reyne.

as kyngys.

Curo.

Reknare. Computator. Reknyn' or cowntyn' (rekkyn,

reken', p.)

s.

Nihata, cath. Reysyn' vp. Levo, svblevo, suscito, erigo.

Reknynge.
pjotus, racio.

Computo, cath. Computacio, com-

Reysyn' vp
infra.)

fro slepe (or wakyii,

(Rekenynge,
potus.^

E.vcito,

evigilo

(e.v-

or a counte, k. a cowntes, h. accompte, p. Com-

jiergefacio, p.)

Rey'synge vp. Elevacio,

{e.ialtacio, p.)

ereccio,

or rerynge vp fro E.vpergefaccio, cath. Rey^sone, or reysynge, frute. Ur-a passa, carica, UG. v. raseslepe.

Reysynge,

womannys ynstrument. Reel, Alahrum. c. f. Releef.2 ReJiquie. Releef, or brocaly of mete (or
blevynge, supra.)

Fragmen-

rnus.

Reek,

or golf (reyke, k. golfe or

mistelevium, fragmen, COMM. Relece, or for-jeuenesse (for-

tum,

stak, p.)

Arconius, acervus.

gyuenesse, p.)

Rehuvacio.

This name of the woodpecker is not given by the Glossarists of East Anglia as still used in that part of Eugland but in the Korth, as Broekett states, that bird is known the popular appellation of the Rain-fowl, or Rain-bird, and its loud cry often reby peated is supposed to prognosticate raiu. The Romans called the woodpecker /)/;/( avis, for the same cause. Gesner gives amongst the names of the Picus in various countries, " Anglis, a specht, vel a Wodpecker, vel raynbyrde." - In the Wycliffite version, Jos. x. 28, it is said of the utter destruction of Maceda, non dimisit in ea nisi parvas reliquias. " he lefte not }>erinne nameli litle relyues," Vulg. Roquefort explains lielief as signifying broken meat, the scraps of the kitchen it is thus used in the Wycliffite version, as in Ruth, c. ii. " Sche brou^t forj^ and jaf to her he relifis of hir mete ;" and Matt. xiv. " Thei token the relifis of broken gobetis twelve cofyns ful." In the version of Barth. de Propriet. Rerum, attributed to Trevisa, it is saidof a banquet, " At the laste comyth frute and spyces, and whan tliey haue ete, bord clothes and relyf ben borne awaye." In Caxton's Boke for Travellers, " The leuynge of the table, le relief de la table.'' See also jMaundevile's Travels, p. 250, ed. 172.5. The term seems also a])plied to the basket in which the fragments were carried away as in a list of kitchen furniture, in Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 2.i, b. " Relef,
'
;

sporticula.'''

PROMPTORIIJM PARVUr.ORUM.
Reles, tast or odowre.' Odor. Relecyn'. Relaxo. Relentyn'. Resolvo, liquo, e.s; 2 co}ij. CATH. liqtio, as, prime conj. secundum catii. Relevyn'. Relevo.

429
Cursor.
or vnstable a-bydai-e.

Rennare. Rennare,

Fugitivus, fugitiva, profugus, jirofuga, currax, c. f. et UG.

Renderyn'.

Reddo.

Renderynge.
Reendyn'.

Religyone. Religio. Relygyows. Religiosus. Relyke. Reliquia.

Relyn', wythe a reele. Alahriso. Reem, kyngdam. Regnuvi.

Rendynge
Renlys,

Reddicio. Lacero, lanio, cath. a-sundyr. Laceracio.

rendlys,
for

or

(rennelesse, k. renels, p.)

mylke Co-

(Reeme, paper, p.) Reem, or rewme of the the breste. Reuma. Remedy. Remedium.

hcd, or of

agulum, CATH. et c. f. lactis, CATH. ef UG. Reene, of a brydylle. ffabena,

lira (sic, lora, p.)

Reenge,
resi-

or rowe.

Series.

Remelawnt
duum, Remyn',
F.y^

(reraenamit,

Residuus, reliquus.
or other lycoure

as ale

(or cremyfi', supra).^

Spumat,

impersonale.

Remissyon',
Remissio.

or

for^evenesse.

RENNYN',orlepyn'. CMr7'o, cath. Rennyn', as water, and other lycure. Manat, curanat (sic, emanat, p.) Rennyn' be-forne. Precurro. Rennynge, of bestys. Cursus.

Rennynge,
remevyn (remowne,
cure.

of water, or oj^er ly-

Remown,
K
s.

or

Manacio.

remouyn', or remeuyn', p.)

Rennynge,

Amoveo, removeo. Ren, or rennynge. Cursus.

'

of lycoure not stondynge, as dyschmetys, or other lyke. Liquidus, Jiuvidus.

p. 362. It

This word

lias

occuiTed previously,

Odowre or relece,

occurs in Lyd-

gate's Destr. of Thebes, in the narration of the burning of the bodies of the Greeiis delivered by Theseus to their wives, for funeral rites,

" But what shuld

eny lenger dwelle

The

old ryytys by and by to telle How the bodyes wer to ashes brent

Nor of the gommes iu the flaumbe spent, To make the hayre swetter of relees." Arund. MS.
2

119,

f.

76

v".

of the obsolete form of the word remnant appears in the Craven Glossary, It occurs in the inventory of V. Remlin, and in Palmer's Devonshire Words, v. Remlet. eftects of a merchant at Newcastle, in 1571, in whose shop were certain " yeardes of worssett in Remlauntes." Durham Wills aud Inv. Surtees Soc. vol. i. 3G2. So also in the Boke of Curtasye, amongst rules for behaviour at table ;

The use

" Byt not on thy brede, and lay hyt doun, That is no curteyse to vse in towne But breke as myche as l>" vvylle ete,
3

The remelant to pore >" Compare Craven Dialect, v. Reamed.

c.\.th.

schalle lete."

Sioaue

MS.

1986,

f.

18 b.

Ang.-Sax.

Ream, Rem, cream.

" Renie,

quacciim."

ang.

430

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
J)at

Rexnynge,

Bravium, game. CATH. Rent, as clothys. Lacerutus. Rent, and raggyd (iaggyd, s.) Lacerosus, cath. Rent, ^erly dette. Redditus, nefrendicium, cath. Rente gaderere. Censualis,^
C. F,

hathe be seyde or taw^te.

(repreve, k. s.)

Reporto.

Repreef

Oppro(vitupe-

hrium, improperium rium, p.)

Reprefable.

Reprehensibilis, increpabiUs, cuIpabiUs. Reprevyn'. Reprehendo, deprc-

hendo.

Renuwyn'."

Renovo.
or reparaylynge, or of olde thynggys,
c. f.

Reprevyn,
guo.

or reiaggyh'.

Redar-

Reparacyon,

a-mendynge Reparacio, sartum,

Requiryn'. Requiro. Rere, or nesche, as eggys

evre, h. eyyre, s.)^
biUs, p.)

(as

Repare,

hervystmanne. 3Iessor, messeUus, c. f, meteUus, uo

MoUis, (sorin

Reparyn' (or makyn a^ene, k. make ageyn, p.) Reparo,TeJicio. Repe corne. Meto. Repentyn. Penitet. Messura. Repynge, of corne.
messio.

Rere, or motewoke, supra

(mothewoke,
s.

M.
f.

Rere

sopere.-*

DimoIUs.) Obsonium, c.

(Reryn', or revyn of
in wakyn'.

slepe, infra

E.vcito.)
(resr.)

Repone,

of a balle or

o))er

lyke.

Resynyn". Resigno. Respyte, or leysure. of tvme

pight, or
leyser,

Repulsa, repulus.

or

tyme,

Reportyn',
1

or bere a-wey thynge

" Censualis.

Induiie.
qfficialis

Sensualis, ms. and p.

i.

qui sensvm {sic exiyit provincialem."'

ORTUS.
possibly be rexxwyx'. The readins; of the 3 Bishop Kennett, in his Giossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 103.3, gives " Reer, raw, Kent. I had rather have meat a little reer than a reer roasted egg. as, the meat is reer Forby and Major Moor notice tlie word as overdone." Ang.-Sax. hrere, crudus. It is not uncommonly iised hy old writers. Thus Andrew retained in East Anglia. Boorde, in his Breviary of Health, of things that comfort the heart, says " maces and ginger, rere egges, and poched egges not hard, theyr yoli<es be a cordiall," and he recommends for Satyriasis to eat two or tbree " new layd egges rosted rere," with powLangharo, iii his Garden of Health, frequently commends their use. dered nettle seed. " Reere, as an egge is, mol." palsg. See also Nares. 4 Obsonium is defined in tlie Ortus Vocabulorum to be '^ parvits cibus et delicatus The curious notice of the habits of his times, qui post cenam contra somnum svmitar.''^ given by Harrison, in wliich he ascribes the introduction of reare suppers to " hardie Canutus," is well known, and has been cited already in the note on BEfER, vol. i. p. 34. Horman observes. in his Yulgaria, " Rere suppers (comesatio) slee many men. He Ivepeth rere suppers tyll mydnyght. In this vitavlers shoppe there is sette to sale all Palsgrave has coaceyttis and pleasuris for rere suppers and iunkettis and bankettis." " Rere supper, bancquet. Rere banket, Ralias," and Cotgrave renders " r egoubillonner, To make a reare supper, steale an after supper bancquet late anights." See Nares, v. Rere-banquet, and Halliwell's Dictionary.
-

MS. may

PRO.MPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

431
or
turnyil

Respowne
p.)

(respounde, k. respon,

Returnyn',

a-jene.

Respon.soriurn.
as flesche (i-esty, p.)

Reest,

Ran-

cidus.

Revertor, redio. Rewarde. Relrihucio, merces. Rewarde, at mete, whan fode

fallythe of the
sei-uyce

(Restnesse, of flesshe, k. restynesse, p. Rancor.) Restare, or a-restare. Arestator. Rest, after trauayle. Quies, requies.

(qwane

Restyn',

after trauayle.

Quiesco,

fode faylyth at })e seruyse, s. rewarde of mete whan fode faylethe at the boorde, p.)^ Auctorium, cath. et UG. in augeo. Rewarde, yn Jje ende of mete, of
frutys.

requiesco.

Impomentum, UG.
for syngarys,

in

Reestyn',
CATII.

as

flesche.

Ranceo,
a-^ene.
a-jene.

pomo.

Rewarde,
fulfyllyh
3ylclyn

Restoryn', or
Restauro.

Restoryn,
Restituo.

or

and mynSiparium, UG. in .tipe. Rewardyn'. Rependo, catii. remunero, reddu (^recompenso, P.) PreReve, lordys serwawnte.
st(r)allys.

Restreynyn'. Restringo. Resun, or resone. Racio.

positus.

Reuel.

Resunable. Racionabilis. Rettyn' tyrabyr, hempe, or

lyke

Reuelowre.
ojjer

Reuerce.
situm.

Cotitrarium,
f.

oppo-

tymbyr, flax or hempe, k. p.)' Rigo, infundo. Rectyn', or rettyh', or wytyh' (rettyn, or a-rectyn, or weytyn,
(retyn
s.

Revylyn'. Aporio, c. Revyn', or spoylyh'.

7'apin.

SpoUo,

rettyn, k. p.)

Imputo, re-

Revyn,

or be vyolcnce take awey,

puto, ascribo.

or hyntyn'.

Rapio.

' In Norfolk, to Ret still signifies to soak or macerate ia water; and a pond for See Forby's account of the modes of retting. He soaking hemp is called a Retting-pit. Sea conjectures that the derivation of the term may be from Ang.-Sax. rith, rivus. weeds were formerly called Reets. Bishop Kennett has the foUowing note, " Reits, sea weed, of soine called reits, of others wrack, and of the Thanet roen wore," &c. " Leppe, sea-grasse, sea-weed, reets." cotg. Tbe term to Ret may be derived from the een Reete, a hitchell " het vlas Reeten, to hickle, bruise, or breake flax Flemish, Hexham's Netherdutch Dictionary. " Reten, Rouir du lin with teeth to bruise flax." ou du chanvre." Olinger. 2 In the curious poem " de Officiariis in curiis dominorum," it is said,

" Whenne brede faylys

at

borde aboute,
f.

The marshalle gares sett w'outen doute More brede, J>at calde is a rewarde." Sloane MS. 1386,
" Rewarde

31,

See the account of Rewards in the Ruie of of meate, entremetz." palsg. the Household of the Princess Cecill, mother of Edw. IV. (Household Ordinances, *38.) aud the Service to the Archbishop of York, in 1464. (Leland, CoU. vol. vi. p. 7.) The

" Impomentutn est extremum dessert was thus called, it appears, in ancient festivities. ferculum quod ponilur in rnema, ut poma, nnces et pira." ortus. 3 K CAMD. SOC.

432

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM,
of reest (or wakyiT, mfra). or or wythe clepyn (rewkyn, p.) Revoco. Ryal, of foom or berme (ryal, or fom of berme, K. ryall fome or barme, p.)^ Spuma, cath. (Ry'Alte, supra in realte, p.) Ryband, of a clothe (ribawnde or
liour,

Ukvyn'

Revokyn',

Inquieto.

Revyxge,
liacio.

spoylynge.

Sjio-

Revyxge
Revynge,

Infjuietacio. of reste. or dystruyng-e of pees.

Turbacio, pei^turbacio.

Rewle, ynstrument, Regula. Rewle, or gouernawnce. GuberRewle,

nacio, regimen. of techynge,

K. lyoure,

p.)

Limbus,

CATH. et ug. redimiculum, cath. (nimbus, cath. p.)

Regula,

Rybawde

(rybawder", p.)

Ri-

norma.

Rewlyx, wythe
giilo.

instrument.

Re-

bahlus, ribalda. Rybawderyfe (ribawdrye, K. p.)

Ribaldria.
or gouernyn'.

Rewxyn',
rego.

Guberno,

Rybbe

(bone, p.)

Costa.
p.)"'

Rybbe, ynstrument." Rupa, dicc.

or of the breste,

(REWMEof the hed

supra

Rybbe skynne
Melotula.

(rybskyn, h.

reem.

Reuma.)

" Riall of wyne.ybwje, lr<jvie,fieur.^^ pal.sg. ' Compare the Norfolk provincialism, The figurative to Rile, to stir up liquor and make it turbid, by moving the sediment. anplication of the vrord, so often heard in America, appears from Forby to be purely Americatiisms, v. To Roil, and Rily, turbid. See Bartlett's East Anglian.
2 " A rvb for lyne. To ryb lyne, costare, ejt{costare),nbridure." cath. ang. Pals" Ribbe for flaxe." The cleaning or dressing of flax was termed ribbing, as grave has in the version of GUnvile de Propriet. Rerum, attributed to Trevisa, lib. xvii. c. 97. Fhix, it is stated, after being steeped and dried, is " bounde in praty nytches and boundels, and afterward knocked, beaten and brayed, and carfied, rodded and gnodded, Ri))pling flax, the North Country term, is ribbed and hekled, and at the last sponne." See Ray, N. Country VVords, and Brockett, who possibly synonymous with ribbing. " Su.-Got., repa lin, liuuin vellere, Teut. repeu, stringere senien Itni." Bishop adds, Kennett also notices it thus, " To ripple flax, to vvipe ofi^ the seed vessels, Bor. Ralher Rippo, or repple, a long to repple flax w^th a repple or stick. a. s. repel, baculns. In an Inventory (taken at Northwalkin!'--stafl' carried by countrymen. Cheshire." a hekyll, j. d. a ryppyll came, iij. d. " a payr of allerton .') in 1499, are mentioned, wool cames, v. d." Wills and Invent. Surtees Soc. vol. i. p. 104. See Rypelynge of

flax, ivfra.
3 Tiiis part of the appliances of a spinner is doubtless what is now called in Norfolk " a Tripskin, a piece ot leather, worn on the right-hand side of the petticoat by spinners with the rock, on which the spindle plays aad the yarn is pressed by the hand of the spinner." korby'. " A rybbyuge skyne, He^rir/a, ;;e///cf7/a." cath. ang. " Pellicudia, " Rybbe skynne" (no French word.) palsg. See tbe a rubbynge skynne." ORTrs.

curious

list

of articles pledged for ale to Elinour Rummyng " And some went so narrowe, They layde to pledge their wharrowe,
:

Their rybskyn and theyr spyndell." Skeltoa's Works, ed. Dyce, vol.

i.

p. 104,

and

ii.

p. 1G8.

PKOiMlTOHlUM l'ARVULOKUM.

433
capisterio.

Rybbyn'

flax,

hcmpe, or

ojjer lyke.

Metaxo.

Rydelyn'. Cribro, Rydyn'. Equito.

Rybybe. Vitula, cath. in vituhis. Rybbevvorte, herbe. Lanciola.

Ry'CE,
friite.

Rydynge. Rydowre,

Risia, vel

risi,

n.

secundum quosdam, vel risiiim, c. F. vel risortan granum, c. F. et comm. (j> vel
indecl.

granum Indicum, p.) Rycmarde, propyr name.

Equitatus. hardenesse (ridowre or rigour, k.h.p.)- Rigor. Rye, conT, Siligo, c. f. et catii. Ryyf, or opynly knowe (knowen, Manifestus, puplicatus. p.) Ryfelyn', or robbyn'. Spolio,
grete

JRi-

perdo.

cardus. Ryciie. Dives, locujiles, c. f. et CATii. opulentus. Ryciiesse. (ryches, p.) Divicie,
opulencia, opis, opes. Rychest. Ditissimus.

Ryflowre
Ryfte,
ojjer

(ryflar or rifelor, p.)

Depredator, spoliator.
in

a walle, or boord, or
(ryft

lyke

or crany,

p.)

Rychellys
incensum,

(i-ichelle, k.)'

TJius,

Rima, ug. et c. f. iHscus, cath. Ryfte, or ryvynge of clojje, or

c. f.

Rydare,

horsmaii.

Equester,

Rygge,
et

cuttynge. Scissura. of a lond. Porca,

cath.

(eques, equitator, p.) Rydel, curtyne. Ccrtina. Rydel, or probleme. Enigma,

VG. (agger, p.)

of bakke (rigbone or

Rygge bone
c. f.

bakbone, p.)

Spina, spondile,

problema,

paradigma,

c.

F.

(^probleuma, p.)

Ryggyn' howsys.

RYDYL,of corn clensynge (ridil for wynwyn of corne, K. for wenowynge, p.) Cribrum, cath.
capisterium, c. f. ventilabrum,
c.

Porco, cath. Porcacio. Ryght, in forme of makynge, or growynge (ryth, with owtyu

Ryggynge

of howsys.

wrongnesse, k.)
K.)

Rectus.
or trwthe,

F.

et

CATH. currifrugimn,
p.k.s.)

R yghte, of truthe (ryth

Justus, equus.

KYLW. {velubrum,
'

incense, or rychelle, supra, vol. i. p. 66 and Schyppe, vesput yn rychel, infra. " Rekels, incensum, olibanmn." cath. ang. InceDse was called in Anglo-Saxon Stor, (storiiim, the aromatic gum,) and Ricels, Recels. So also Ricels-ffet, thurihulum, and Ricels-buce, acerra, a pyx or box for incense. - Tyrwhitt, in his Glossary to Chaucer, gives the word " Reddour," explained as strength, violence. It is the old French " Redour, reddur, Roideur, fermeto, durete." ROQUEF. In a curious poem ou sacred subjects, xv. cent. Add. MS. 10,053, it occurs thus (p. 1 59) " Also thenke with hert stedefast, Whan thou wote that Goddis mercy is, Hou mekele shal be yf thou can taste The reddur of his rightwesnesse," &c.
;

Compare Cense, or

selle to

And

it is said in the context that the wicked thorgh reddour of rightwesnesse," &c.

at

the day of

duom "

shol be

dampned

434

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
voo^thv.. Iiecte,direrte.
ryghte,

Ryghte
supra.

Rymthe,
poris.

Ryghtfulle, idem quod

or leysure, of tyme. Oportunitas, vel spaciuni temor

Ryghtfulle, yn

belevynge, and levynge (in leuenesse and leuOrtodoxus, c. F. ynge, p.)

01-

Rymthyn,
space.

make rymthe and

Ryghtfulnesse,
nesse.

ryghtwys-

Eloco, ug. perloco, evacuo, (vacuo, p.) Rigo, vincto. as, Ryyncyn'.^

Justicia, equitas, recti-

tudo.

Ryyncynge
K. p.)

lavaculo, (Jiumecto, lavatilo, p.) (rynsinge of vessell,

Ryghte PARTEof abeest. Z)e.f^e?\

Ry(g)hteyn',
(ryhtjn,
ryth, p.)
k.

Rigacio.

or

make

ryghte

Rynge.
pego,

Anulus.
Serpigo, serp.)
c. F. et

rythyn or maken
clothe.^

Rynge wyrme.
Ryngyn'
bellys.

Rectijico.

CATH. (serpedo,
Pulso.

Rylle, thynne
UG. V. in B.

Ralla,

Rym,

Timpayiuni, of a whele. cath. circumferencia, cath. Ryme. Rithmicus, vel rithmus,

{rith^na, UG. H.)

Rype. Maturus. Rypenesse. Maturitas. Rypelynge, of flax, or ojjer

Av^ilsio.

lyke.''

Rypyn', or wax rype,

3Iaturio,

Rymare.

Gerro, ug. v. et c. f. Rymyn'. Rithmico. Ryme, frost. Pruina. Rympyl, or rymple (or wrynkyl, iiifia.) Ruga, rugadia, kylw. Rymplyd. Rugatus.

CATH,
Rypyn', or make rype.

Maturo,

CATH. et c. F. Rypyn', or begynne

turesco.

to rype.

Ma-

Rymthe,
'

or

space,

or

rowme

Rysare. Rysare,

Surrector.

(rymthy, p,)^

Spjacinm.

or rebellowre a-jen pees. Rehellator, insurrector.

Hereafter will be This word occurs in the ms. between Ryggynge and Ryght. In the Ortus, Ralla is found (under letter T) Thinne clothe that is clepyd a Rylle. See exjilained to be " a Raster clothe," which appears to have been used in shaving. Rastyr Howse, nvpra, p. 424. Rylle is ))erhaj)s only another form of the word Rail, " Rayle for a womaus See Nares v. Raile. Ang.-Sax. rsegl, hrsegel, restimenturn. palsg. Sherwood gives " a woman's raile, necke, crer^echi^f en quarttre doulles." and Cotgrave renders " un collet a peit/noir, a large raile which women Piynon," put about their neckes when they comb themselves." 2 In the Book of Christian Prayers, Lond. 1590, f. 38 v. it is said, " Giue vnto the shepheardes, whome thou hast vouchsafed to put in tliy roouith, tlie gift of prophesie." In a letter regarding the building of Abp. \Vhitgift's Hospital at Croydon, 1596, the writer states of certain trenches made in preparing foundation walis, " \Ve are now fillinge tbe voyde rometh therin." Ducaiers Croydon, p. 155. See also Drayton,

Polyolb.
3

s.

6.

The King's CoU. MS. has Ryncyn, and other readings are, Vincto may be an error for humecto. Palsgrave gives the Ryynsynsr, and Ryyncyn. verb to rynce a cup or clothes, " Raincer." 4 Amulsio, Ms. tlie note on Rybbe, supra. Rippling flax is a term still ia See common use in Nortli Britain. See Jamieson. Ryyntyn'. ms.

IMIOMPTORIUM PAHVULORUM.
Rysciie, or rusche.
cus.^

435

Cirpiis, jun-

Roobe, garment. Mutatorium. KoBERD, propyr name. Rob';)-tus.

Rysyn' vp fro socre. Surgo. Rysyn' erly. Manico, cath.

RoBBYN
Furor,

(or

i"evyn,

k.

s.

i\)

Ryse

fro dede, or dethe.

Resurgo.

latrocinor,

predor,

Rysyn'

a-5en pees.

Insurgo, con-

(spolio, P.

surgo.

RoBBOWRE, on
tor,

Rysyn' a^eh

a pers6n'to don hyra worschyppe (risyn a^ens a lord to don worchepe, k. reuerance,
s.

the londe. Spoliapredo, vispilio, kylw. RoBBOWRE, on the see. Pirata,

CATH.

vispilio,

KYLW.
Petrosa,

rysyn ageynst a lorde for worshyp, p.) Assurgo. Rysynge vp fro sete, or restynge
piace

RoBows,
petro,

or coldyr.2

CATH.
fysche.
ston.

RocHE,
COM.M.

Rocha, rochia,

Sunexio,

resurrectio.

Rysynge

a-^en pees. Insurrexio,

RocHE,

rebellio.

Rysynge

a-^ene persone, for worschyppe (risinge up to worchype, K. p.) Assurrexio.

rake.

Rupa, riipes, cath. CATH. sa.vum. Rochet, clothe. Supara. RoDE, of londe. Roda. Roode, crosse or rode lofte. Crux,
scopulus,

Ryve, or Ryvere,
lus, P.)

Rastrum, cath
Rivus, (i-ivu-

water.

Ryvyn', or rakyn'. Rastro. Ryvyn', or reendyn'. Lacero. Ryvyn', or clyvyn, as men doo woodde. Findo.

Theostenoferum. of shyppys stondyng'.^ Bitalassum. RoDDE. Contus, (pertica, p.) RooF, of an howse. Tectum, doma,

Roode,

C. F.

KYLW\
(or ruff tree, infra.)
c. F.

RooF TKEE,
Festum,

Ryvyn'

to londe, as

botys, fro water.

pello, c. F.

schyppys or Applico, apfro water.

RoGGYN,

Ryvynge
CATH.
'

vp

to

lond,

or mevyn' (or schoggyn, infra; rokkyn, K.) Agito. RoGGYN, or waveryn' (or schakyn,
infra.)
Vacillo.

Applicacio, applicatus. Roo, beest. Capreus, capreolus,

et

RoGGYNGE,
cillacio.

or (s)chakynge.

Va-

COMM.

Junctus, ci, Ms. junceus, p. Compare Coolder, supra, vol. I. p. 86. In the Wardrobe Account of Piers Courteys, Keeper of the Wardrobe 20 Edvv. IV. 1480, occurs a payment to " John Carter, for cariage away of a grete loode of robeux, that v^as left in the strete after the reparacyone made uppon a hous apperteignyng unto the same Warderobe. '' Harl. MS. In later times the word is written " rubbrysshe." Thus Horman says, in his 4780. Vulgaria, " Batt^ and great rubbrysshe serueth to fyl up in the myddell of the wall ;" and Palsgrave gives " Robrisshe of stones, plastras,fourniture." Forby gives Rubbage as the term used in East Anglia. 3 The terminal contraction may here have the power of ys, stondyngys, the Roads, The printed editions give " Rode of places where vessels stand or lie at anchor. shyppes stondynge."
"

436
RoYTYx', or gon

PKO.MPTORIU.M PARVULORU.M.

ydyl a-bowte (roytyn, or roylyn, or gone ydyl

RoLLYNGE,
Volucio.

or

tumynge a-bowte.

abowte, p.) Vago7; cath. discurro. 1 Frugella, c. F. RooK, bryd.

Romawnce

KYLW. graculus. RooK, of tbe cbesse. Rocus. Nehula, cath. RoKE, mvste.
(inephis, p.)

idem quod Ryme,2 supra ; et Rithmichum, Romagium, KYLW'. Ro.mavvnce m.vk.^re. Melopes,
c. F.

Rome,

cyte.

Roma.
or privy mysteryngB

Ro.MELYNGE,
see,

RoKKE, yn RoKKE,

j)e

idem

quod

(preuy mustringe, p.)

nacio, mussitaeio,

Rumi-

roche, supra.

cath.

of spynnynge. Colus,c.v. UG. rocca, ug. RoKET, of the lokke (roket of spynnynge, p.) Librum, c. F. pensum, mcc. c.ath. et c. f. RoKY, or mysty. Nebulosus.

Ro\NON,3

as mylke (ronnyn as mylke or other lycoure, k. p.) Coagulatus.

(RoxNYN,
Roop.

as dojoun, or masere, or ojjer lyke, h. p.)-*

Funis,

restis,

corda.
C-A.th.
et

RoKKE

chylder,

yn

_a

cradyle.

RoPAR.

Scenefactor,
o)jer

Cunugito, motito (yel movillo, s. agitare cunas, p.)

UG. in scenos.

RoPYNGE,ale or

lycowre (ropy
Viscosus.^
puple.^

RoLLE. CATH. Rollvn'.

Tiotula,

matricula,

as ale, k.h. of ale, s.)

RoRE,
VoIvo,

or truble

amonge \q

cath.

Tumultus, comrnotio, disturbium-

1 Tbis may be derived from rotare ; as also irre^ular soldiery were ternied, in Low I assemble together in Palsgrave gives the verb " I rowte Latin, rularii or rotarii. routes, or I styre aboute,^'e me arroutc. I lyke nat this geare, that y"^ commens begynneth See Jamieson, v. Royt. to route on this facyon."

2
3

Rorae, MS.

The power of the terminal contraction is questionable, and may be er as in uer. RoN.VYN appears to signify congealed or rua together, Ang.-Sax. Gerunnen,

See also coaQulatus, as milk is coagulated by reiiuet, called in Gloucestershire running. Jamieson, v. To Rin, to become curdled, &c. As here used in refcrence to the knotted wood, of which masers were made, the tertn ronxyn seems to describe the ciiagulated See the note on Masere, appearanc^e of the mottled grain, not dissimilar to ropy curds. \a the note on Doron, p. 125, it has been suggested that the reading supra, p. 3-28. In the Winchester be corrupt, and that the word should be Dogon. of the MS. may MS. is found " Doioii', Doffena.'' This various reaiing had not been noticed, whea Dojoun, or dudgeon, appears to denote some the above menlioned note was printed. kind of wood, used in like manner as the motley-grained material called IMaser, but its precise nature has not been ascertained. 5 RiscrjSUa. MS. Hall, relating the wiles practised by the Duke of Gloucester, says he persuaded the Queen that it was inespedient to surround the young King Edward with a strong force, when he was brought to London for his coronation, for fear of reviving old Horman says variance of parties, " and thus should all the realme fal in a roare." " all the world was fuU of fere and in a roare (sollicituciiM.i comjjlebatur)." " Rore,

trouble, trouble."

valsg.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
RooRYX,
as

437
(rot, or

beestys.

Rugio,
chaffare

RooT, of vse and custome

vse
in

CATH. irrugio. Rooryn', or chaungyn on

fro a nother (roryn, or
chaffare, K.)

chaungyn Cambio, cath.

custom, p.) Habitus, consiietudo, assuetudo. Rote, of a thynge growynge.

Radi.v.

Rooryn',

or

ruffelyn'

amonge

RoTYN,

dyuerse thyngys (rooryn or purlyn, amonge sundry thynges,

H. p.)

or take rote, as treys and herbys. Radico. or turne to corrupcyon.

as eyre.

RooTON,
Rotyn',

RoRYNGE, RoRYNGE,

Manur.iitto. crye of beestys.

Corrumjio, putreo.

Ru-

gitus, mugitus.

RoTYNGE,
Cambium, perK. j.)

or changynge of chaffer

Flactesco. takyinge rote yn waxynge (rotynge in the grounde,

or

for a nojjer.

mutacio, commutacio.

RosE, flowre. Rosa. RosE, propyr name. Rosa.

Radicacio. to corrupcyon chano-yfige. Corrupcio. (Roton, p. Corruptus, putridus.)

Rotynge,

RosE MARY,
RosEERE

herbe (Rosemar^-ue, K.) Ros^narinus, rosa mariiia.

(rosi^ere, k.)

Row'GHE,as here oro]5erlyke(row,

Hispidus, hirsutus. or vngoodely in chere (row, or vngodyly, k.) Torvus. RowGHE, scharp or knotty (row, sharp, and knottyd, h.) * S{c)aK. H. s.)

Rosetum.

RowGHE,

RosYNE, gumme. Resina. RosPEYS, wyne. Vinum rosatum.

RosPYNGE,
s.)

or bolkynge (balkynge, Eructacio. RoosTARE, or hastelere. Assator. RoosTYD. Assatus. RosTYD METE. Ascibarium. RosT yryn', or gradyryn', Craticula, crates,

ber, c. F.

Ro^vARE, yn a water. Remex, CATH. {remigex, s.) RoBARE, or robbar yn the see
(rovare,

or thef of the se,

k.

cath.
(rost-

Rostyd, sum what brennyd

lyd, sorawhat brent,p.) Ustillatus.

rowar as thyf on the see, p.) Pirata, UG. cath. RowcHERE. Acrimonia, UG. in
acuo.

Roostynge. Assatura. RoosTYN. Asso, {cremo,

p.)

Row

CLOTHE,

as

faldynge, and

RoosTONE

(rostelyn,

k.

rostlyn,

ojjer lyke.

H. p.) Ustulo, ustillo, cath. Rostlynge. Ustyllacio. RoT, or rotynge (rott, or corrupcion,

Endromis vel endroma,^ cath. birrus, amphibalus, sarabarra,^ ug. v. blaste, or qwyrlwynd

RovvDYONYS,

k. p.)

Corrupcio, ptu-

trefaccio.

(rowdyows, s, whirlewind, k. rowdyons, p.) Turbo.

:

' Emdromis and Emdroma, ms. the reading in the Catholicon is as above given Compare Faldynge the term signified a shaggy garment, used in the arena, Spo/xw. supra, p. 14". " Sarabula, 2 Sarabarsa, ms. The Winchester ms. gives Saraharra, ug. v. in Rua.

villate vestes."

ortus.

See Ducange.

438

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

RowE, or reenge. Series, linea. RowEL, of a spore. Stimubis,

KYLW.

RowNE,
men.

of

fysche.

LiquaSusurro,

Rownyn'
or reyhe, fysche (rowe-

to-geder.^

RowHE,

cath.

(Rowhyn',

fysshe, K.rowghe, p.) Ragadies. or cowghyn, supra in

Rowynynge

(^sic)

to-gedyr.

Su-

surrium, cath.

Rewyn, s.) hostyii'. Rowyn', yn watyr. Navigo. Rowyn', wythe orys. Remigo.

RowTARE, yn
stertrix.

slepe.

Stertor,

RowTYN, yn
snoryn, p.)

slepe

(rowtyn or

Row

to lond, or lede a boote or a

Sterto,

cath.
Ster-

shvppe to londe (ledvn a boote or schyppyn, s.) Subduco, indiico.

RowTYNGE,
tura.

yn

slepe.

RoDYR,
Remigacio. sete yn a schyppe.

Rowyxge.

RowYNGE
RowM,
Spacium.

of a schyppe (rothir, k. Amh. royer, s.) pAustre, c. F. temo, cath. plecroyther,

Transtriim, cath. c. f. space (or rymthe, supra.)

trum, clavus.

(Rothyr,

or maschel, supra, or maschscherel. Remulus, jjalnnila, mixtorium.) chafyn'.

RowNDE, as balle. Rotundus. RowxDE, as a spere or a staffe (a

shaft, s.)

Rubbyn', or

Frico.

Teres.
fetnesse.

RowNDE,

for

Ohesus,
so hyt

RuBBYNGE. Confricacio. RuDDY, sum what reede. Rufus,

UG. in edo.

RowNDE
be.

gobet, of what

Ruddok,

Globus, UG.
or ojjer or a

fulvus, CATH.Jlavus, c. F. reed breest (i-oddok, birde, p.) Viridarius, rubellus,

frigella.

Rowndel. Rotundale. RowNDENESSE, of a balle

lyke.

Ruddon', idem

quod

rubbyn',

Rotunditas.
of a spere Teritudo.
s?/s?<rrare.

RowNDENEssE,
staffe.

supra,RuwE, herbe (rwe, K. p.)

Ruta.

RuFFE,

fysche.

Sparrus.
In Pynson's "

'

" To rowne,

ro^nere, snsurro."

to lerne French," is the admonition, " and loke thou rowne nat in nou eris et garde toy d^escovter en nullez orailles." Palsgrave gives the verbs to " rounde in counsaylle," dire en secret, and to " rounde one in the eare," suroreiller. In a sermon at PauPs

cath. axg.

Boke

Cross by R. Wimbledon, given by Fos, it is said, " It is good that euerye ruler of cominalties that they be not lad by foUyes ne by none other eare rowner." Acts and Mon. Anno 1389. Ang.-Sax. Runian, mvssilare.

" Yiff that youre lorde

also yee se drynkynge,

Looke that ye be in rihte stable sylence, Withe oute lowde lauhtre or jangelyn^e, Rovnynge, japynge or other insolence."
Treatise of Curtesy, Harl.
gives to Country Glossarists.
-

MS.

5086,

fol.

87,

V.

Mr. Halliwell

"Rud,

to rub, to polish, Dcvon,'' overlooked

by the West

PROMPTOlilUM PARVUr.ORUM.
Hirsepa, fiDiale, infos. RuFFLYD, or snarlyd. Innodatus,
candel.i

4;v.>

RuFFE,

CATH.

c. F. et vci.

illaqueatus.

RuFFELYN, or snarlvu (swarlyn, 8.)2 Innodo (illaqueo, s.) Ruffelyn', or debatyu' (or discordyn, k. p.)

Discordo.
Illa-

Rufflynge, or snarlynge.
queacio, innodacio.

or cowre down (curyn doun, K. crowdj-n downe, s. ruckyn, or cowryn downe, p.)* Incurvo. RuKKYNGE (rukklyng, Harl. MS. Incurvacio. 2274.) RuLY, idem quod ruful supra. (rvly or pytowus, k. ruly or pyteowsly or pytows, p.)^ (RumMjWnce, supra in lyme, p.)

RuKKUN,

RuFFLYNGE, OT dcbate.
discordia.

Discencio,

RuMMUELON,
tron'.

{sic) or prively niys-

Mussito.
K.
H.

(RuFFE

of an hows, supra in rofe,

(RuMMELYN,
Rumino.)

ruuilyu,

P.

RuFF TREE of an howse (rnfters, Harl. M8. 2274.) Festum, cath.

RuFUL, or
ful of

ruthe aud pyte.

of peyne and

(RuMLYNGE. liwninacio, i\) RuMNEYE, wyne. RussHE, idem quod rysche supra.
(ruscheii,

Pieticus, CATH. compassivus.

supra.

in

ryschyn,

RuFULLE, and

fulle

Harl.

MS.
tayle.

2274.)

desese, Anglice, a caytyf (or pytyous, supra.) Dolorosus, penosus, crdamitosus^ c. f. RoGGYD, or rowghe (ruggyd or rowe, K. s.) Ilispidns, hirsutus. Rullion'.3 Ruwyn', or for-thynkyn'. Peniteo, vel penitet, impersonale. Ruwyn', or haue pyte (rwyn, or Compatior. to han pyty, k.) RuYNGE, for a thynge (rvyn, or forthynkynge, k. s. p. Peni-

RuMPE, RuN, or

Cauda.

bryyfi', sujnri in B. (brine

of salt, idem quod brine, s.) RussET. Gresius,(sic.),elbus, cath.

russetus,

kylw.

elhidus.

RusT. Ruhigo. RusTY. Buhiginosvs. Ruhigino. Ruston'. Ruthe. Compassio, Ruthe, pyte, idem quod
supra.

pyte,

tudo, penitencia.
'

Rutton', o(r) throwyfi' (rwtyn or castyn, k. rowtyn or throwyn,

Ruffie or Roughie, according to Jamieson, signifies in Eskdale a torch used in

fishing with the lister by night; probably, as he supposes, from the rough niaterial of wick clogged with tallow is termed a Ruffy. Roughie in N. which it is formed. Funalia were torches formed of ropes Britain signifies also brushwood or heather.

twisted together and dipped in pitch. 2 " I ruffle clothe or sylke, I bring
jefroisse.

them out

of their playne foldynge

je plionne,

lawne is shruffylled." {sic^ palsg. ^ This word oecurs amongst the verbs, in the Harl. MS. without any Latin equivalent. * This The is placed amongst the verbs, after Rubbtn, (as if written Ruckun). word is used by Chaucer. (Nonnes Pr. Tale) speaking of the fox " false morderour " to ruck, to squat or rucking in thy den." So also in Conf. Am. 72. Forby gives shrink down." " Ye chaungewas a rewly * This vvord oocurs in the Paston Letters, vol. iii. p. 44. rhaunge, for ye towne was undo herby, and in ye werse by an c. li." 8 T, CAMf). SO(\
See
this

how

440

rP.OMPTORIUM PARVrLOUUM.

idem quod castvn, s. riittvu' or throwyn' or castyn, p.) Projicio, idem quod castyii', supra
in C. {jacto, r.)

Sadelyn' hors.
sello.

Sterno,

cath.,

Sable, coloiire. Sahellimrm, dicc. Sabrace. Sabracia, comm.i 8aceamext. Sacramentum." Sacryn, orhalwyii. Consecpo, sacro. (SACRYxintheniesse, p. Consecro.) Sacrynge of the masse. Consecracio.

Sadyl. Sella. Sadlare. Sellarius, ug. in sedeo. Sadly. Solide, mature. Sadnesse. Soliditas, maturitas. Sadnesse, yn porte and chere (porte or berynge, k.) idem est. S(dvus. Saaf, and sekyr. Saaf cundyte. Salvus conductus,
vel salvus couventus.

Sacrynge belle.
Sacryfyce.
CATH.

Tintinahulum.

Sacrijicium, victima,

Saphyre, precyowse stone (safyre, K.) Saphims. Saafnesse, or salvacyon. Salvacio. Safrun. Crocum, cath. c. f.
Saggyn',
or
sallyii*

(satelyn,

p.

Sacrifyyn,

or

make

sacrifyce.

stytlyn, s.)

Basso.

Sacrifico, inmolo, liho.

Saggynge, or satlynge.
cio,

Bassa-

Sad, or hard. Solidus. Sad, or sobyr, idem est, et maturus

(^matiiratus, s.)

bassatura, cath.

SAD,or sohyrv^ythe owte lawh'_ynge (nowt lawhyng, k.) Agelaster,

CATH.^ vel agcduster, UG. in Amf. Saddyx, or make sadde. Solido,
consolido.

Sagum, c. f. (Salade, h. p.) Salary, hyre. Salarium, stipenSay, clothe.

dium. Vendicio. Sale, or sellynge. Sale, or piyce. Precium. Saler. Salinum, cath.

The directions given in the Sloane MS. 73, f. 211, date late xv. cent., for making " cheverel lether of perchemyne," may serve to throw light on this ohseure word. The leather was to be " basked to and fro" in a hot solution of rock alum, " aftir take zelkia of eyren and breke hem smale in a disch as thou woldist make therof a caudel, and put these to thvn alome vvater, and chaufe it to a moderate liete; thaune take it doun from the fier and put it in thi cornetrey; thanne tak thi lether and basche it wel in this sabras, to it be wel dronken up into the lether.'' A little flour is then to be added, the mixture again heated, and the parchment well " basked therein, and that that saberas be wel drunken up into the lether; and, if it enters not well into the lether, lay it abroad in a good long vessel that be scheld, the fleschside upward, and ponre thi sabrace al aboven the lether, and rubbe it wel yn." It is also reeommended " to late the lether ligge so still al a nyzt in his owen sabras." In the Ancren Riwle, edited for the Camden Society by the Rev. J. Morton, p. 364, it is said that a sick man who is wise uses abstinence, and drinks bitter sabras to recover his health in the Latin MS. Oxon. " potai amara."' It may be from the Arabic, " Shabra, a drink." See Xotes and Queries, vol. ii. pp. 70, 204. Mr. Halliwell, in his Archaie Glossaiy, gives " Sabras, salve, plaster," which does not accord with the use of the term as above given; it has not, however, been found in any
' :

other dictionary. * Compare Oost, sacrament, Hostia, supra. ^ Sir, probably erroneously so writfen for Satlyu, as in K. to saddle, is preserved in the Herefordshire dialect.

The archaism

to sag,

rUOMPTOKIUM PAKVULOHUM.-

4il

Sale wokthy. Vendibilis. Salyare. Saltator, saltatrix.

Salyyn'.

Saarce, instrunient.
Saarcyn'.
Colo, secatin, cath.

Salyynge. Salme. Psalmus.

Salio, (salto, p.) Saltacio.

Salt. S'(//. Salt, or salti (as flesch or oder

lyke, s.)

Salsus.
Sali-

Saltare, or wellare of salt.

nator, cath.

Salt cote. Salina, cath. Salt fysche. Fungia.

Saltyn' wythe
et

Sarry, or savery. Snpidus. Satvne, clothe of syllce. Satinum. Satyrday. Sabatum. (Satlyn, siqjra in saggyn, p.) Satlynge, idem quod saggynge. Sawce. Salsainentum, c.^^th., salmentum, salsa. v. f. in sinapiuui. Sawce, made wythe water and salt. Muria, NECC.

Sawcelyne (sawcelyme,
Sawcer.
UG. in acuo.

s.)^

salte.

Salio, cath.

Salsarium, acetabuluui,

UG.

Salt avater,

or see water.

Nercis,

cath. ug. in nubo.

Salue (salve, k.) Saliva. Salwhe, of colowi'e (salowe,

C7'0ceus.

p.)

Sawcyn'. Salmento, cath. Sawcyn', wythe powder, ideui quod powderyn', siipra. {Condio,K.v.) Sawcyster, lynke.4 Hirna, hilla,
salsucia, cath. {salcia, v.)

Salwhe, tree. Salix. Samowne, fysche. c.

salio.

f.

ug.

in

Sawe, instrumeut. Serra. Sawe, or proverbe. Provcrbium,

problema.

Sandel,

or

sandelynge,

fysche.

Anguilla arenalis.

Sanguinarye, herbe, or myllefolye

hesp.^ Sanguinaria, millefolium.

Saveyne, tree. Saviiia, c. f. Saverey, herbe. Satureia. Savery, as mete and cbjmke (or
SARRY, supra.)
Sapidus.
salvia,

Sangwyne, coloure. Sunguineus' Sanop (sanap, k.)2 Mannpiarium, gausape,fimbriatum, kylw.

(inanutei-gium., mantile, p.)

Saveryn. Sapio. Saligia, Sawge, herbe.

CATH.
C. F.

Sawger.
Savyn'.

Salgetum.
Messias,

Saappe, of a
c. F. turio,

tree.

Caries, cath.
in tundo,

kylw. ug.

Salvo. Salvator, Savyowre.

salutaris.

carea, ug. in careo.

Saap, of the ere. Pedora, cath. Sapy, or fnlle of sap. C-ariosvs, c. f.

'

Sawyn'.

Serro. or tast.

Savowre,

Sapor.
is

Sic in Ilarl. MS., possibly erroneously so written for lierbe, which

S.

the readiiig

iu

MS.
2

Sanop, sometimes written Savenappe a napkin. See Sir F. Madden^s edition of Syr Gawayn also Sir D?grevant, v. 1387; Awntyrs of Artliure, v. 437; and the list of linen in the Prior's chamber, Christ Church, Canterl)ury, Galba E. iv. f. 36. Possibly the herb called "Sauce-alone, alUuria, q. d. unicuni ci'.)oruni condimentuni, Skinner. It is the Eri/siiuum aUiaria. &C.'''' * A sausage; compare " Hilla, a tripe or a sawcister.'" Ortus. saucestour, a " A salsister, AiVwa." Catii. Ang. See the note on saucige," &c. Harl. MS. 2257.
;

"A

Lynke, svpra,

p.

306.

442

rROMPTORIUJI PARVULORUM.
8.)

Savowre, or smel (or dowre,

Odor.

ScALLE.

Glabra.
(oriiyllyd, supra.)

ScALLYD
brosus.

Gla-

Sawter. Psaltermm. Sawtrye. Psalterivm.

Saxifrage, herbe.
saxifragia,
c. f.

Saxifragium.,

ScALOP, fysche. SCALT. EstUatUS, CATH.

ScABBARD, or he \&t ys scabbjd.

Scabidus, scabida, cath.

ScAMONY, spyce. Scarnonia. ScANNE VERSE (scaunyn rersis,

Scando, cath.

p.)

ScABBE. Scabies. ScABBYD. Scabiosits,

K.)

ScANNYNGE, of
(scabidiis,

versc.

Scansio.

SCABBYD SCHEPE.
UG. in agnus.

ApiCa, NECC.

Scabiosa, herbe. Jacia alba, et nigra dicittir matfelou {vel couwede, supra).^ ScADDE. Cadaver." ScAFOLD, stage. Fala, cath., 7nachinis, cath. ScALLARDE (scallar, 6.) Glabrio, cath. Scaldyn'. Estuo, cath. excaturisat, UG. v. in
s.

ScABYowsE,

ScANT. Parcus. ScANTLYON, OT scauklyone (skaiiklyone, s. p. or met, supra.) Equissium, mensura. ScANTNESSE. Parcitas, parcimonia.

ScAPYNGE.

Evasio.
(scapelarj',
s.

ScAPLORY
p.)

scapelar,

Scapulare. ScARBOT, flye. Scabo, comm.(sc;-o Jo, K. p. scarbo, s. j. w.) ScARCE. Parcus. ScARSLY (or scantly, p.) Parce.

SCARSNESSE, zV7m quod SCANTEof Lete, p.)

ScALDYNGE (scaldjHge
PJstUS,

NESSE.*

CATH.
p.

ScALE, of a fysche. Squama. ScALE, of au heste^ (hefte, k.

of a beeste, Scalare.
s.),

or of a leddur.

ScARSYN, or make lesse (or scauten, Minoro. p.) ScARRE, or brekpige, or ryrynge. Pitna, rimula, priscus, cath.
{riscus, p.)

ScALYN FYSCHE.
mo, CATH.

Exquamo, squaScalo.

ScARLETT. Scarletum,
et

luteus, kylav.

UG. in luo.

SCALE WALLYS.
'

ScARLET, colowre.

Lutus, UG.

See the note on Matfelon, svpra, p. 329. Mr. Halliwell gives, in his Archaic Glossary, " Scad, a earcase, a dead body." ^ Sir, but probably for hefte. In K. and H., and also in Pynson's edition, we find the following distinction Scale of an hefte (in K. cajxrlo. maHiilrii is the Latin equivalent) and Seale of a leddvr, scalure. Conipare the note on Leddyr stafe, sv/pro-, p. 293. In the translation of Vegetius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII., " scales of ladders" are mentioned, " Scale of a ladder, escliellon.'''' Palsg. " Esdcelle, a ladder or skale. lib. 14, c. 2. eschellette, a little ladder or skale, a small step or greece." Cotg. * Compare also Chyncery or scar(s)nesse, svpra, p. 75. In the Legenda Aurea, f. 87, b., it is reeorded of St. Pawlyne that she gave to the sick largely such food as they asked, " but to herself she was harde in her sekenes and skarse." Gower treats at length of " scarsnesse," jwrcimoyiia, " Scarse, nygarde or nat sufiycient, eschars : scante or scarse, escars." Palsg.
*
: ;

rROMPTOIUUM PARVULOKUM.
ScATE, fysche.
8.)

U
v.

Ragadies

{scabies,

ScHAKKYL, or schakle. Murella, c.f.

numella, c.f. ug.

{rnuremda, k.)
ug. v. in n.

Scateryn'.
Spercio.

Spergo, dissipo.

ScHAKKLYD.
Schaklyn'.
s.)

NumeUatus.

ScATERYNGE (orsj^arplynge, infixi).

ScA^VBERT, or chethei (scawberk, 8. scauberd, k. p.) Vagina. DampScAYE,2 (scathe, k. p.) num, dispendium, (^prejudicium,
s.)

NumeUo,

Schakyn' a wey (schaylyn a way,

Excucio.
Agito, moveo.

ScHAKYN or mevyii.

Schakyn' or waveiyfi'. VaciUo. Schakyn' or qwakyfi'. (whakyn,

K.)

ScAYiNE, or haraiyn' (scathen, k. scathyn, s.) Dampnifico.

Schakynge a-wey.
tacio, mocio.

Tremo, cath. contremo. Excussio.

Schakynge, or mevynge.

Exagi-

ScHADOWE. Umbra. (ScHADOWEN, p.)3 Obumbro, umbro. ScHADWYNGE. Obvmbracio. ScHADWYNGE placc.^ Umbraculum,
c. F. estiva,

ScHAKYNGE,orquakynge. Tremor. Schakynge, orwaverynge. Vacillacio.

cath.
ojier

ScHALE, of a
lyke.

not, or

o])er

lyke.

ScHAFTE, of a spere or
Hastile.

Testula.

ScHALE NOTYS, aud

Vacillacio.
scheylyfi.'

o]7er

schelle

ScHAGGYNGE, schoggyngc, or waverynge.

frute (schalyn or schille frute, k.

SCHAYLARE.5 Schaylyn', or
gredior, s.)

scalyn or Enuclio.^

shillyn

nottis,

p.)

{Dis-

ScHAYLYNGE (or scheylynge, s. h. p.

Loripedacio,
s.)

ScHALMUSE, pype.''' Sambuca. ScHAME. VerecuncUa,j)udor, rubor. IgnoScHAME, or scheuschepe.

minia.

SCHAKARE. ExCUSSOr. ScHAKERE, or gettare. Lascivus. ScHAKARE, or crakcr, or booste

maker.
c. F.
'

ScHAMEFAST.

Verecuudus,

vere-

cundiosus, pudorosus, cath.

Jactator, philocomjnis,

idcm quod ScHAMEFASTNESSE, SCHAME. Verecundor, cath. Schamyn'.

is

Chethe, MS.
Sic.

The terminal

contraction

probably an error.

Compare Schede, or
for

schethe, infra.
^

Probably for

Scajje, as also the verb,

which

follows,^

Scayine

Scat>ine;

" Dain/mm, harme or scathe." Ortus. * In Pynson's edition the verbs which commence with SCH are printed SH; the nouns are printed sch, as in the Harl. MS. * Compare Levecel, swpra, p. 300. * ' To sehayle, deijr.idi, et degredi." Cath. Ang. " Schayler that gothe a wrie with I shayle, as a man or horse dothe that gothe croked with his legges, his fete, boyteax, Compare I shayle with the fete, Jeatretaille des pieds,''"' &c. Palsg. Je vas eschays. The personal name Schayler still Cotgrave, V. Oavar, Goihier, Tortife, Esyrailler, &c. occurs in Oxfordshire and Sussex. ^ Conipare pylltn', or schalyii nottys, supra, p. 399. ^ " Tlie shalm is figured in Musurgia, by Schalmesse, a pype, ckalemeav." Palsg. Ott. Luscinius, &c. ; Comenius, Vis. World, 1659; Northumberland Household Book, &c.
Afld.

MS.

22,556, Scathin.

444

PROMPTOrUUM PAItVUI.ORUM.
})at ys not Avykkydnesse. inverecuninpudens,
01"

ScHAMELEs, a-schamyd
Efrotis, dus.

he

ScHARPXEssE,
Velocitas.

or

swyftcnesse.

of

ScHAVE,

ScHAMELES,

J)at

chaungythe

no

cherc (that chaunchyth no colowre ne chere, s. that chaungeth

or schavynge knyfe. Scalpellum, c. f. scalpnim, cath. ScHAVELDOWRE.2 Discursor, vacahunclus, c.F. CATH. vagus, vagulus.

ScHAVYx.
Schavyn', Ahrado.
barbure,

Rado.
or

chere nor colour, p.) Cromaticus, c. f. frontosus, c. f. SCHAXKE. CrUS, CATH. ScHAP, of fonne. Forma, jiJasne)i;her

scrapyiT

a-wey.

ScHAVYNGE, of a
s.

matura.

ScHAPARE. Aptator, formator. (ScHAPER, of nought. Creator, p. J.)

SCHAAPYX'.

ScHAPYNGE.

ScHAPYXGE

AptO. Aptura, formacio. KXYFE. Scalprum,

of SOWtaiTS.

CATH. scalpellum.

SCHAPYNGE KXYFE,

harbowrc (as schauynge or barborye, p.) Rasura. ScHAVYNGE, or scrapyngc (scrapynge away, p.) Abrasio. ScHA^^YNGYS, of boordys or treys. Rasure, rajnentum, c. f. et UG. ScHAVYXGE HowsE,3 supra iji B. itetn in E. ScHEDARE, or schethare. VaginariuS,

Ansoinum, dicc. ScHARE, of a plowe. Vomer, c. f. ScHARMAN, or schemian. Tonsor,

attonsor, tonsarius, kylw. SCHARPE, of Gg^G. AcutUS. ScHARP, or delyver.i Asper, velox. ScHARPE, or egyr. Acer. ScHARPYx', thynge ))at ys dul of

CATH.

ScHEDE, or schethe. Vagina. ScHEDYD, or schethyd. Vaginatus. ScHEDYN, or chethyn knyfys (puttyn in schede, k.)
Vagino.

Schedyn', or spyllyn'.

Effundo.

Acuo, exacuo. egge. ScHARPYx', or steiyn' to hastynesse.

acute.

ScHEDYN, or lesyiig. Confundo. (ScHEDYNGE, p. Vaginatio.) S c H e d ynge or spyllynge Effu s io ScHEFFE, or scheef (schefe or schofe,
,
.

JSxaspei^o.
Velociter,

s.

schof, K. )

Garba, gelima, cath.

Scharplv, or redyly.

merges, UG. Schey, or skey, as hors, or sty^tyl

(schyttyl,
s.

ScHARPLY, or
aspere.

egj-rly.

Acriter,

styityll, p.)^

ScHARPNESSE, of ^%%^. Acucics. ScHARPXESsE, OT egymesse. Acriturlo, acritas,

'

cath.

Scheylere, idein quod schaylare. Scheelde. Scutum, clipeus. Scheldrake, byrde. Testa. (Schelle, h. p. schel,K. Testa,v.)^

treatise, " Why poor priests have no Benefice," by Lewis, No. xix. 293; " Many times their Patrens, and otber getters of country, and idle sbaveldours willen look to be feasted of such Curates."' 3 Compare Barborery, snjrra, p. 24; and Rastyr howse, p. 424. ^ Compare Styrtyl, or hasty, i'ofra, and Schytylle, p. 447. * In the Harl. MS., and also in the Winchester MS., the word Schelle is omitted, Testa being given as the Latin for Scheldrake. There can be little doubt that the readings of the MSS. H. K., and of Pynson's text, give the correction of this clerical error.
^

Compare Delyvere, supra, p. 118. This word is used by" Wiekliffe in his
to Life

App.

VROMPTORir.M PARVUr.ORUM.

445
(pylot, A.)

ScHELFE. Epiaster, epilocarium, armariuDi, c. v., repositorium, comm. ScHELTRox, of a batavl. Acies. ScHE(N)DYN'(sheendyn, s. shendyn, Confundo. p.) or lesyn'. Schendyn', or blamyn'. Culpo.

SCHEPYS PYLETT
tra, C. F.

MoleS-

CATH.
of a broke

ScHERDE, or schoord,
vesselle

(schourde

of

broken
c. f.

vessel, p.)

Testula, testa,

ScHERE

to clyppe

wythe (scherys,
Scindo.

ScHENDYNGE, OT blaniynge.

Cul-

jxtcio, reprehencio, vituperacio.

H. p.) Forfex. Scher\'n', or cuttyii'.

ScHENDYNc.E, or fnlle (fonl, h. fowle, p.) vndoynge. Confusio.

Scheryn', or
tondo.

scliere cloth'e.

At-

(ScHENKARE, OT br}'llare of drynke,

supra.

Propinator.)

Schenkyn' DKYNKE.i Propino. ScHENSCHEPE, or schame. Ignominia.

Scheryn', or repe corne. Meto. Scherynge, or repynge of cornys. Messura, messio.

Scherynge
tonsura.

of

clothe.

Tonsio,

ScHENT, or blamyd.
vituperatus.

Culpatus,
lost, p.)

(Scherynge (Scherynge
tonsus.)

of wule.

s. s.

Tonsus.)

of byrdys.

Capi-

ScHENT,

ful lost (al

fuUy

Confusus, destructus.

Schermann, idem quod scharman,

supra.

ScHEEP, beest. Ovis. ScHEPCOTE. Caula, CATH. bercare. ScHEPHERD. Opilio, c. F. pastor, mandra, cath. Archimandrita,
ovilio,

Schetare, or archare. Sagittarius. Schete. Lintheamen, lintheum,

C. F.

maloncinus,
s.)

c. f.

{inalo-

(Schetelys, orgote, supra. Aquagium.)

nomus,

SCHEPEERDYS CROKE.
in pedos,
0. F. (^rullus, s.)

Pedum.

UG.

Schetyn' yn a bowe (shotyn with

Sagitto. bowes, p.) Schyttyn', or speyryn'.

agolus, cath.

hulus,

Claudo.

ScHEPERDYS DOGGE.
CATH.

Gregavius,

Schette

AYj^the

lokkys, or ban-ys,
Sero, obsero.

or othyr lyke (schetynorschettyn

lockys, K.)

ScHEPERDYs LOGGE, or cory ~ (curry,

Magalis, mapale, cath. vel magale, c. f. ScHEPERDYS PYPE. Barbita, c. f. cath. (^calamaula, s.)
s.)

Schetynge

^vj^the

bowys.

Sagit-

tacio, sagittaria, (^sagittura. p.)

Schetynge, or schettynge, or spelynge.

lokkys.

ScHEPERDYS CR\'PPE
scrip, p.)

(scryppe, A.

ScHETYNGE, or

Clausura. lolLkynge wythe

Seracio,

ScHEPYS LOWCE. karida, kylw.

Manticula, cath. Pego, c. F., asug. v.

SCHETTYNGE IN. Inclusio. SCHETTYNGE OWTE. Exclusio.

' Drj'ngke, MS. Corapare Bryllyn', or schenk drynke, i(_pra, p. 51. Chaucer, MarSee also Rob. Glouc. chantes Tale, says of Bacchus, " the wyn hem skinketh al aboute." " To sk\n\i,(iffu)ido. skinker, p. 119; K. Alis. V. 7581; Geste of Kyng Horn, v. 374. A. S. scencan, propinare. pincerna, a pocidis ; (JicZe Tapster.'" Godldm. ^ Compare Cory, schepherdys howse, siipra, p. 93.

440

PROMPTORIUM PARVIJLORUM.
or schewynge.

ScHEWE,
cio,

Monstra-

ostencio, demonstracio,

ma-

nifestacio.

Schewyn'. Monstro, ret)elo,2^ando, indico, ostendo, promo. SCHEWE FORTHE, 01' pilt foi-thc. Extendo, 'profero. ScHEWEN, and make knowe to
the peple (makj-n opyn, s.) Divulgo. ScHYYD, or astelle (schyd of a

Schyllyn' oysterys, and thyngys closyd yn schellys. Excortico, KYLW. ScHYLLYNGE, of moiiey. Solidus. Schyllynge, or owte cullynge.
Separacio, segregacio.

ScHYLLYNGE, of uotys (or ofer

lyke, s.)
acio,

Excorticacio, enucli-

CATH.

Shyllynge, of coddyd cornys, as benys, peson, and o]?er lyke.

Exsiliquacio.

schyde wode, k.)i Teda, c. f. astula, cath. (ScHYDERE, or fljtere, supra in

astel,
c. F.
s.

assula,

Schymmid, as

hors.-

Scutilatus.

CUKSTOKE.) Schyftyn', or part a-sundyr (departen asmider, p.) Sepero,

disgrego.

ScHY^NNE, of a legge. Crus. Schyngyl, or chyngyl, hyllynge of howsys. Scindula. Schynyn'. Splendeo, mico, hiceo,
fulgeo.

Schyftyn', or partyn', or
Divido, 2^artior.

delyfi'.

Schynyn', or glyderyfi' (glaren, Niteo, p.) as bryghte thyngys.

rutilo.

Schyftyn', idem (piod changyn',

supra.

ScHYNYNGE, or bryghte.

Splenor

ScHYFTYNGE, or chauiigjmge.
tacio,

Mu-

commutacio, permutacio.

didus, lucidus, fulgidus. ScHYNY'NCiE, glary(n)ge, OT

ScHYFTYNGE, or remo^yngc. Amocio.

starynge.

Nitidus.

ScHYGGE

clothys or o|)er thyngj^s.

Excucio.

SCHYGGYNGE
ScHYLLE,
lowde, K.)

ExCUSsio.
schaii^e
(schille,

and

OT bryy^teuesse. Splendor, jubar, fulgor. ScHYYPE, of ])Q see. Navis. ScHYPPE, bot (schyp bote, or bote of a schyp, p.) Barca, c. f. carabus.

ScHYNYNGE,

Acutus, sonorus. ScHYLLY, and scharply (or loudly, p. J.) Acute, aspere, sonore. Schyllyn' owte, of coddys. Exsi{li)quo.

ScHYPPBREKYNGE.
c. F.

Naufragium,

ScHYPBROKE. Naufragus, c. f. ScHYPPE, vesselle to put yn lychel

(richellys, a.

Schyllyn' owte, or cullyn owte

fro sundyr.

Segrego.

incence, p.) Acerra, Dicc. et UG. in acuo.

schyp for rychyll or cath. et

c. F.

Schyllyn', or schylle notys. Enuclio, CATH.

ScHYPHYRE.
lum, CATH.

Naulum,

nabu-

'

Compare AsTELLE,

.<!!(^r,

p. 16.

" Les hasteles (^e chides)

scide, scindu/a.
^

fetez

" Schyde o{ 'wode,hnche,moule dehuches.''' Palsg. alumer." G. de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220. A. S.
'

Forby, in his Norfolk dialeet, gives

Shim, a narrow

stripe of white

on a horse*s faee."

PROMrTORIUM PARVri.ORUM.
Schyppyn', or take schyppe.
vicaplo. {naviculo, p.)

447

Na-

ScHYPPYNGE. Navigium, c. F. ScHYPLORD, or OAvere (owBer, k. s. p.) of a schyp. Navarchns, cath.

navargus,
c. F.
c. f.

Schyvery55', or ryvyu a-sundyr. Crepo, cath. ScHoo, mannys fote hyllynge. Sotularis, calceus, c. f.

ScHoo,
liu?n,

for

buschopys.

Sanda-

coMM.
for hors.

Schypmayster. Nauclenis, cath.

navargus,
c. F. et

ScHOO,

Fernis, hahba-

cath.

tum, Dicc.

SCHYPMANNE. NciUta. Calamita, Schypmannys stone.

C. F.

ScHoo, clowt.

Lanipedium,

vel

linipedium, UG. v. in v. ScHOD, as men, Calceatus.

Schypwryte. Naupicus, c.f. (naucupus,

navale,
s.)

ScHOD, as hors.
batus.

Ferratus, bab-

ScHYPPE WERRE. NaumacJua, c. f.

c. f. et

ScHODYNGE, OT departyuge.

Se-

ug. in nonas.

Comitatus. ScHYRE, cuntre. ScHYRE, as water and o])er lycure.

paracio, divisio, segregacio. ScHODYNGE, of thc hecde (scheydynge, s.) Discrimen, dicc.

Perspicuus, clarus.

Schoof
Vi{ce)-

orscheef,

idemquod scheef
Agito.

ScHYREVE
comes.

(schreve, s.)

s-upra.

Schocgyn', or roggyn'.3

Schyrt. Camisia, interula, c. f. Schytylle, styrtyl, or hasty i (schityl, on stabyl, k.) Preceps. Schytle, chyklys game. Sagittella, cath. (Scytyl, webstarys

Schoggyn,
Vacillo.

schakyii', or waveryil'.

ScHOGGYNGE, iclem quod rogGYNGE, supra. Agitacio. ScHOYN, or don on schOn. Ccdceo,
cath.

instrument,

infra in spole.) Schyttyl, or (of, p.) speiynge.^ Pessulum, vel pessellum, cath.

Schoyn' hors. ScHOYNGE, of

cio.

Ferro, ug. Calceamenn.

Ferracio. Parcopollex,

Schytyn'.

Merdo,

egero, stercoro.

Schytynge. Stercorizacio. Schyytynge, or kukkynge vesselle

(cuckynge, h.p.) Lassarium, c. f. ScHYVERE, of brede or ojjer lyke (schyve, k. s. p.) Lesca, scinda.

ScHOYNGE, of hors. ScHOYNGE HORNE.

CATH.

ScHYVYR. KYLW.
'

Fissula,

abscindula,

Congelima, ScHOKKE, of corne. KYLW. tassis, c. f. Schokkyn' schovys, or ojjer lyke. Tasso, c. F. congelimo, kylw. Schold, or schalowe, nojte depe.

Compare Schey,
"
I

says,
2
^

am

aferd

tliat

Margaret Paston, writing to lier husband, as liors; supra, p. 444. Jon of Sp'h'ni is so schyttyl wyttyd that he wyl sett hys gode to
vol. iv. p. 58.

morgage."

Paston Letters,

Compare Ondoynge of schettellys, supra, p. 365, A. S. Scyttel, a bar, bolt, or lock. See RoGGYN, or mevyii, and Roggyn, or waveryn', supra, p. 435. Forby gives the verb to Shug, signifying to sbake, in the Norfolk dialect. " I shake or shogge upon one,
je
sache.''''

Palsg.
'
.

CAM. 90C.

3 M

448
.

PROMPTORirM PARVULORUM.

as water or ofer lyke.i (hassus^ p.)

miropolum., cath. selda,

Bassa

ScHOPPE.

Opella, CATK. j^ropala,

kylw. (ScHORDE, snjira in sherde, k.) ScHORE, privy parte of a manu.

Puhes.

or poplerd, s. schoues bec, or popha- byi-d, p.) Poptilus. ScHovELER, werkere wythe a wesTribulaselle (a shovyl, s. p.)
rius, tribularia.

ScHOVEL,
KECC.

ScHORE. undur settynge of a thynge ])at wokle falle (to under sete wythe a thynge ])at wule falle,
8.)

Tribula, instrument. VG. V. Schovelyn' wythe a schowelle. Trihulo, cath. arapago, cath.
et

Suppositorium.
as clothe.

ScHOVELYNGE. Tvibulatus. (Schowhe, supra in coo, byrde.)'*

Schowt\'yx', or puttyii'. trudo, c. f. pelio.
Inpello,

ScHORXE,

Attonsus.

Messus. (ScHORN, or mowyn, k. FalcaSchor^^n', or rejjyd.

tus.)

ScHOWYNGE (orputtynge, supra.y

Tmpulsio, propulsio.

ScHORXYx', or a-chewyn\ KYLW. ScHORT. Curtvs, hrevis.

Vito,

ScHOWRE, of reyne. Nimhus, cath.

UG. imher, cath. crepulum,
c. f.

ScHOWTE, or grete
ScHOWTYx'.

crye.

Tumul-

ScHORT

or

stuldvvd
c. f.

garmeut.-

tus, c. F. vociferacio.

Nepticula,

Vocifero.
trees, infra in

Schortyn'. Brevio, curto. ScHORTLY. Breviter, curte. ScHORTNESSE. Brevitas. ScHORT XESYD, mau or womau.
Simiis, UG.

(ScHRAGGE
DYX'.)6

schrec. f.

Schrede, or

lyyste.

Forago,

{ligamen, p.) Schrede, or clyppynge of clothe or

ScHOTERE,

lytylle

boothe (schos.

tererom-, lytyl botte, h. bote,

schoi-te^ or lityl bote, p. j. w.)''

thynge. Scissura, ptesegmen, c. f. Schredyn', or schragge trees.

o|)er

Liburna,
lembus,

c. f.

portemia,

c. f.

Sarculo,
Detirso.

c. f.

sarmento, ug.
o])er

c. f. {sijnba, p.)

Schredyn' wortys, or

herbys.
ojjer

ScHOTE, or crykke. Tetamis, c. f. ScHovELERD, OT poplcr, byi"d (schoveler, or popelere, k., scholarde

ScHREDYNGE, of
lyke.

trecs

aud

Sarmentacio, sarculacio.

' Compare Flewe, or scholde, as vessell, &c. svpra p. 167. "Sholde, or full of shalloweplaces that a man may passe over on foote, vado.nts.'''' Huloet, 1572. * See infra Stuk, short Stuk or schort garment, &c., and also Scut, garment, 7iep;

ticv.la.

Holy Land.

Schoutes are mentioned in the fleet whieh conveyed the army of Coeur de Lion to the See also Piers of Fulham; Parl. Rolls, vol. iv. p. 345, &c. * See p. 84, supra, also Cadaw, p. 57, and Koo, p. 280. * Forby gives, in the Xorfolk Dialect, Showing (pronounced like o\v in cow), signifying pushing with force, not the same as shoving, See Puttyn, aud Puttynge, supra, pp. 417, 418. ^ " To shrag, frt//-o, '<--7f tolop." Gouldm. "Toshraigtrees,arloresputare.'''' Baret. In Holland's Pliny, B. xix. c. 6, it is said that in transplanting leeks the uppermost leaves should be lightly "shrigged off."
^

1'ROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

449

ScnREDYNGE, or schmb (schi"ubbynge, s.) Putamen^ c. f. sarmeuhtm. SciiREGGARE.

mentarius.

pentys, p.) Appendix, vel appendicidum, cath.

Sarculator,
iilem quocl

sar-

.ScHUDDE, hovcl, or swyne kote, or howse of sy nipyl hyllynge to kepe yn beestys. Catabulum, c. f
(hara, p.)

SCHREGGYNGE,
DYNGE,

SCHRE-

suj)ra.

(SCHULDERE,
Petrosc(.)

SUprCl in

COOLDER.

ScHREWE. Pravus. ScHREWYD. Praiiatus, depravatus.

ScHULDYR, of a mann.
scapula.

Humerus,
Armus,

ScHREWYD HERTYD.
BRIT.

PravicOIS,

ScHULDYR, of a
CATH.

beest.

ScHREWDENESSE. Pravitas. Schrewyn'. Pravo. ScHRYFTE (schryftuesse, s.) Confessio.

ScHULDYR BoN.

ScpRYFTE FADYR. ConfeSSOr. Schrykyn' (orcryen, k. orshnlyn,'

p.)

Vac/io, vagito,

cath.

Homoplata, DICO. homoplatum, kylw. Skyrwyt, herbe (scp-wy^th, s.) Pastinaca, c. F. cum c. non t. Skyrt. Lacinia, c. f. Skytt, idem cpiod flyx, supra
(scqwyrt,
s.)

ScHRYKYNGE

(scliiykynge shrylle,

Sklat, or

slat

stone
p.)

(sclate

or

SCHRYLLE. ScHRYMP, fysche. Stingus. ScHRYNE.2 Scrinium, ug. v.

sana, mausoleum, k.) Schrynyn', or lyyn (lejm,
jTi

flat

stone,

h.

Latericia,
s.)

ymbrex,
(Jip-

c. f.

(umbrex,

Sklawndyr. Scandalum. Scotchyne (scochone, k. p.)

Scolde, chydare.^
(ti)gatrix.

Scu-

k. p.)

tellum, cath. (^scutulum, p.)

schryne.

Scrinio.
RicjeO, C. F.

Contentrix, li~

SCHRYNKYN.'

SCHRYNKYNGE. liif/iclitaS, VG. Schryvyn', orbena-knowe synnys yn schryfte (ben a knowen of

Scole, of clerkys. Scola. Scole, to wey wythe (scole, balawnce, k. p.) Libra, bcdanx, vel hilanx, cath. lanx, ug. in lateo. Scole, of ple^ynge gamys, or werre, or other lyke (gavdys werre or odyr lyk ])ynkys. s.) Gigncisium, c. f. ScoLE hyre. Scolagium.

synnes, p.)

Confiteor.

Schryvyn', orhere schryftys. Audire confessiones, nicliil aliud in-

(^Scapusecunduni Levsay, s.) Schruggyn'. Frigulo. ScHUDDE, Ijlylle howse. Teges, c. f. gurgustium, cath. ScHUDDE, or to-falle (schud or
lagito,
'

veni per grammaticam.

ScoLARE. Scolaris. ScoME, or scum of fletynge.* Spuma,

CATH.
;

*
^

by J. Notary shouten, by "W. de Worde. MS., doubtless an error for schryne, as in k. s. p. This word seeins to have the siguification of rubbish, such as broken stones, broken
Sic, probably for shutyn, as printed

ScHRYVE,

in

straw, &c.
*

Compare Robows, supni, p. 435. Compare Fletynge of lycoure, sjmmacio,

siipva, p. 167.

450

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOKOI.
Scowryn' a-wey ruste
(scoryn, p.)

Scummyn' lycurys. Despumo. ScoMowRE, cokys instrument.

Despumariuin. ScoxcE. Sconsa,
lanternula.
vel

Erugino, enibigino. Scowryn' i wythe a baleys (scoryn,

p.) Verbero, disciplino, scopo, ug,

absconsa,

Scow(r)yxge.
Vatila, cath.
lucidacio.

Pernitidacio, per-

ScoPE, iiistmment.
alveolus.

ScoRE,

nowmere

(noimibre,

p.^

Scoria, vicenariuin.

ScoREL, or squerel, beest. Esperiolus, C0M3I. e.xperiolus, c. f. necc.

scurellus, necc. cirogrillus, c. f.
et

CATH. dicunt cirogrillum aniFlagcllurn, scutica,

c. F.

Scrapyn', or schavyii a-wey (shrapyn awey, p.) Abrado. Scrapyn', a(s) bestys (schrapyn, s.) Scalpo, CATH. et VG. V. scalpito. ScRAPYx', as heimys. Busjwr, CATH. ScRAPYXGE, or schawynge. JRasura,
abrasio.

inql sjnnosum, vrchon.

ScoRGE.
in

ScRAPYXGE, of hennys (and fowlys,

K.) or o|)er lyke.

(ScoRGYNGE wjthe a
STRYPE.) Scoryn' talyj's. CATH. C. F.

baleys, infra

ScRAPYXGE KXYFE.
Tallio, c. f. dico,

Buspatus, c. f. ScaljieUum,

ScoRKLYD.
ScORKELYK'.

UstiUatus.
Ustulo, CATH. UStillo.
Ustillacio,

CATH. Scrattyn', or scratchyfi' (cratchyn, Scrato, CATH. in scaljyo, p.) grado, c. f. in scabio.

ScoRKLYXGE.
lacio,

ustu-

ScREXE

(or scu, or spere, infra)

CATH.
Derisor, irrisor, deri-

Scrinium, ventifuga.

ScoRXARE.

satrix, irrisatri.r.

ScRETE, or lethy (ly^th, or weyke, K. ley or weyke, p.) Gracilis,

lentus, c. F.

ScoRNE, or (lysdeyne.
ScoRNYx'. Derideo,
irridco.

Indignacio,

derisio, irrisio, dedignacio.

ludijico,

ScRYKYXGE, of chyh]yr (screkynge

or schrekynge, k.)
Vagitus,
c. f.

cath.

ScoRPYOXE, wyrme. Scorp)io. ScoTLOXD. Scocia. ScoT, mann. Scotus, Scota, Scoticus.

Sco',vLE,

m'the eyne.
Radiatus.

Oboculo,

KYLW. ScowLYD.
'

SCRYPPE. Peixi. ScRYVEXER. Scnptor. ScRow (or BYLET, supra.') Cedida. Scu, spere in a howse, ideni quod SCREXE. Scrineum, ventifuga. ScuLLE, of the heede. Craneum. ScuLLE, of a iysshe (scul of fysh,
s.)2

Examen, cath.

Sic. This word seems to he synonymous with scourging. Compare Strype, or schorynge with a baleys, infra, where the reading in MS. s. is scorgynge; also Wale, or strype after scornynge, infra. A Baleys is a rod or whip, virga, sujira, p. 22, and is so explained as a Norfolk word by Wats, Gloss. to M. Paris, " e.v pluriOus longioribiis vioiinibus; quaiihi.s iduntar padagogi severiores in scholis." Compare yrde, baleys,

tn/ra.
*

"There

is

eome a
Vos.,

scoole of fysshe, examen."

Horm.

runne together."

Acts and Mon., Martyrdom of St. Agnes.

" The youth in sculs flocke and A. S. sceol, a shoal.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ScuLCARE. Lu)'co, clepSjClejjtes^c.F. ScULKYNGE. Cleptura. ScuMMowRE, {rleiu qiiod scomowre. ScURF, of scabbys. Squama, squamula.

451

Sege, of a privey (sege or preuy,

p.)

Secessus,

c. f. (latrina, p.)

Segoe, of fenne, or wyld gladon (segge of the fcn, or ghidoiie,

K. sedge, p.)

Accorus.

ScuRFE, of metel.

Scorium,

c. f.

ScuT, or schort.i Curtus, brevis. ScuT, garment. Ne]->ticula, c. f. ScuT, bare, supra in H. litera. See, grete watyr. Mare, equor,fretum, pelagus,2^ontus, salum, cath. Sechelle. SacceUus. Secyn', or levyii'. Cesso. Secyn', or styntyii'. Desisto. Secyn',2 or styllyn', or staunchyii' (secyn, styllyn, or pesyn, v.) Cedo, CATH. ua.

Segge, star of the fenne.^ Carix. Segge reeke. Caretum, cath. Seyl. Velum, carbasus, c. f. Seyl kepare, or rewlare. Freta,
c. F.

Seyl 3ERD

(seyle yard', p.)

An-

tenna, cath.

Seylyn', yn watyr. Vellifico, cath. Seylyn' ovyr. Transvellifico.

(Seylynge,
Seyn'.

p.

Velificatio.)

Secynge. Cessacio, desistencia. Secretary, manne of privyte (of

priui counsel, k. p.) Secretarius.

Dico, {for, p.) Seyn' or synge messe. Misso, cath. Seynt, holy. Sanctus, {almus, p.) Seynt, or cors of a gyrdylle.'*

Secretary,
councelle

or

place

in

privy

Textum, dicc.

(place

of privyte or

Seyntrelle. Sanctillus,

sanctilla.

Secretarium. Secunde. Secundus. Seed. Semen, semens, (^seminum, p.) Sedyn', as corne or o])er herbis. Semento, cath. Sedyr, or sydyr, drynke. Cisera. Sedyr, tree. Cedrus. Seedlep, or hopur. Satorium,
cowncel, s.)

Sek, of clothe or le]>yr. Saccus. Seek, or sekenesse. -E^rer, infirmus,

egrotus.

(or executowre, supra, seketom- or exseketour, p.) Executor, executrix. Sekyn'. Quero, inquiro. Seekly, or ofte seke. Valitudi-

Seketowre

supra in H. (^satitolimi, p.) Sege, of syttynge (sege or

p.)

narius,
sete,

c. f.

Sedile, sedes.
k.

Sekenesse. Egritudo, infirmitas. Seekenyn', or be scke. Infirmor,

egroto.

Sege, of cyte or towne (sege ajen

a toun, castel, or cyte, Ohsidium.
'

p.)

Seel. Sigill-um. Seel, tyme.5 Tempus.

p.

Compare Schort or stukkyd garment, supra,

448; Stuk, short, and Stuk or short

infra.

garment, &c. infra.

-

Cecyn, MS.

Compare Styntyn, and Swagyn,

Compare Cegge, supra, p. 64, and Stare, infra. See CooRs, supra, p. 94. "Seynt of a gyrdell, tissu.'''' Palsg. " Ceinct, a girdle." COTG. * Forby gives " Seal, time or season, as hay-seal, wheat-seal, &c." See also Ray, who mentions the word as used in Essex. So also P. Langt. p. 334 " It neghed nere raetesel." A. S. Ssel, opportunitas. Corapare Barlysele, supra, p. 25, and Gele, p. 65.
^ *
:

452

PROMPTORIOI PARVULORUM.
Semely, or yn semely maner. Decenter.

Sellare. Venditor, venditrix. Sellare,! of dowcet metys (sellere of dowsete metjs and smale thynges, k., dowcet metell and smale thynges, p.) Velaber, veluhra, c, f. et cath.

Semely, or propyrly (goodly,

Eleganter.

P.)

Semelyxesse, yn syghte.
cia.

Decen-

Selkow,

or seeldami seyne (sel-

Semelyxesse, or comelynesse of
schappe.

coAvthe, K.)

Rams.
Raritas, cath. Venditus.

Selcowtnesse.

Semy

(sotil, K.

Elegancia. semy or sotyll, p.)

SubtiUter.

Seld, or solde. Seldom. Raro. Sele, fysche. Poi^ciis raarimts. Sele, horsys harneys.2 ArquiUus,
DICC.

SubtiUs.

Semyly

(semely, p.)

Selle, stodyynge howse. Selere. Cellarium.

Cella.

Semyn', or be-semyii". Decet. Semyxge, or semys. Apparencia. Semly, gaderynge to-gedyr of men (semly or congrecacion, k.) Congregacio.

CeUorius, promus. Sely, or happy.3 FeUx, fortunatus.

Selererre.

Semlyxge, or metynge to-geder.

Semlyxge

Concursus. to-gedere

yn warre.
Assimi-

Sellyn'. Vendo, venundo. Seelyn', wythe a scele in vax (wythe sel and wax, k.) SigiUo. Selyx', wythe syhire. Celo.

Congressio.

Semlyxge, or lykenesse.
lacio.

Semow,
Sexce,
thus.

biyd.
or

Aspergo, cath. alincense.

Seelynge, of letterys. SigiUacio. Sellynge, of chaffare. Vendicio. Selwylly, or he |jat foh:!wythe hys owne wylle only (selwillyd, k.
selfe

cio, c. F.

alcedo.

Incensum,

Sexcere

wyly,

s.)-*

Effrenatus, cath.

(or thon-ble, infra). ribulum, ignibulum, cath.

Tu-

effrenus.

Seem, of a
CATH.

clothe.

Sutura, ug.

Seem, of come.

Quarterium.
plesaunt,

(Sexcyx, infra in turryblox.) Sexcyxge. Turifcatio, cath. Sexdel. Sindon, cath. Sexdyx'. Mitto.

Semelawnt. VuUus. Semely, yn sygh'te (or

K. p.)

Sexdyxge.
Seex, to
see.

Missio.
Video, aspicio, res-

Decens.
Formosiis, elegans.

piceo, intuor, contemplor.

Semely, comely of schap (wylshapyn, k.)

Sexe, or be-sene.
nifestus.

Ap^jmrens,

ma-

Sallare, MS. " Vilar, venditor minutorum comestibilium in nundinis." Ortus. " Seale, horse harnesse." Palsg. " Arqui/ltis, a.n oxe bowe." Ortus. Possibly from the French selle. ^ " ^elix, sely or blisful Felicio, to make sely."' jMed. In a poeni in Add. MS. 10053, it is said of Heaven, " There is sely endeles beyng and endeles blys.'" Cliaucer uses selynesse, in the sense of happiness A. 8. Sel, henc.
'
^

Compare Celwylly,

stqira, p. 65.

PR0311'T0RIUM PAIIVUI.ORUM.

453
sercle.

Seene, o(f) clerkys (or cene, supra).

Serklyn', or make a
culo.

Cir-

Siiwdus, cath.

Sengyl, iiowt dobyl. Singularis. Sengyl, or symple. Simplus. Sengyl, or one a-lone. Singulus,
sohis.

Serclynge.
Seergyn', or

Circulacio.
serchyii'.

Scrutor,
s.)

lustro, iierlustro.

Seergynge (serchynge,

Scru-

Sengyl, nowt maryd ne weddyd. Agamus, agama, cath. solutus,

(^iiiiiuptus, p.)

tinium, perscnitacio, scrutacio.

Se(r)iawnt, of maner place. Assecla, kylw. cath. Seriawnt, nndyi- a domys mann, for to a-rest menn, or a catche-

Seengyn', wythe CATH. UStillo.

brent.

fyyr.

Ustulo,

Seengynge (seengyd,
Ustillacio.

s.)

sum what
h. p.

pol (or baly, supra.) Apparitor,

c. F. et

cath.

satelles, c. f.

an-

Sengt^ wythe

fyre (seyrdvt,
fyre, s.)

garius, cath.

sengyd wj-the
tus, ustulatus.

Ustilla-

Seriowre, or serchowre.
tator, perscrututor.

Scru-

.(Sengrene, herbe, supra in howsleke.) Seny, or to-kene.2 Signum. Seny, of a boke. Indula. SENYE,of an mne orostrye. Texera, CATH. et UG. in taxo, tessera, c. r.

Seryows,
Seriosus.

sad

and

feythefulle.

(Seriowste, h. p. Seriositas.) Seeryn', or dryj^ii (or welkyii, infra,

dryynup, k.)
or
herbis

Seernesse, or
treys

up-dryynge^
(sernesse

Areo, aresco. of
or

Senowrye

(senery, k.)

Senatus.

Sentence. Sentencia. Sentencyowse, or full of sentence.

Sentenciosus.

di-ying of trees, k.)

Ariditas,

marcor.

(Senvyne, herbe, supra

TARD.)

in

mus-

Serteyne, or sekyi*. Securus. Serteyne, wythe owt fayle. Certus. Serteyj^ly (or sertys, k.) Certe.
Sertys,
idein est.
(^Procertis, aclv.

Septembyr, monythe. Septemher. Septer, mace. Septrum, clava,

CATH.

Sepulture, or beiyynge.
tura.

Sepul-

Servage, or bondage. Servitus. Servawnt, mann. Servus,famulus, vernaculus.

Seere, or dry, as treys or herbys.

Aridus.

Servawnt, womann.

Serva, &c.

Sercle
lus,

(or v}'me, infra.)

c. f.

Circu-

gims,

Servaavnt, pat folowythe hys mayster or maystresse. Assecla, CATH. pedissequa.

Serclyd.
'

Circidatus.

Servyowse, or servyable
;

(sei-vy-

Senlt, MS., doubtless an error of transcript

the reading of

MS.

k.

is

as above

Sengt.
2 Semi', MS., doubtless an error for seny, as the word reads in k. s. p. Compare ceny, supra, p. 66. ^ Up-dryiikynge, MS. Doubtless an error of transcript for updryynge, as in MS. s.,

Vpdriynge.

p.

454

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Settyn', and plantyii. Planto. Settyn', and ordeynyii. Statuo. Settyn', puttyii', or leyyii'. Pono,
colloco.

cyows, or seiTicyable, s. servysObsequiosus, serviciable, p.)

osus, {servilis, p.)

Servyce, of a sei-vawnt.
famulatus.

Se?^-

vicium, obsequium, ministerium,

Servyce, don foi' dede menn and vromen (oi* diryge, p.) Exequie. Servyce, done yn bolychyrche.
Officium, servicium.

Settyn' at NOW3TE, or dyspysyn.'. Vilipendo, floccipendo, parvipendo, nicliilipendo. Settynge, or puttynge. Deposicio, collocacio.

Servyn', a servaunte ^ (or serServio, famulor, vandys, s.)

ministro.

Settynge, orplantynge. Plantacio. Seware, at mete. Dejjositor, dapifer, sepulator.

Sessyons.
K. P.)

Possessiones
o])er

(sessio,

Sesonyd, yn lond and

goodys

Sew. Cepulatum, kylw. Sevene. Septefn. Seventene. Septem decem, vel decem et septem, sectmdum correccionemfratrumpredicatorum,etc. supra in C.

(sesoned in gode, p.) Sesinatus. (Sesonyd, as mete, k. h. s, p,

Temperatus.') Sesyn', or jeue^ sesun in lond or oJ>er godys (sesyn in londys, k.)
Sesino.

(Seventy,

p.

Septuarjinta.)

Seventy tymys.

Septuagesies.

Sesyn' metys, or ofer

j)ero.

lylce,

Temre-

Sevennyjhte. Septimana. (Seven hundryd, k. Septingenti.) Sewyn', at mete, or sette mete.

Ferculo, sepulo.

Sesterne, or
Cisterna.

cystenie

))at

Sewstare, or sowstare (soware

Sutrix.

s.)

ceyv}"the water

and

o{)er lycure,

IVmjnis (tempoSesun,3 tyme. raneum, k.) Sesun, yn good taky (n)ge. Sesina,
vsucapcio,
c. f.

Sett, or putt.

Positus, coUocatus.

Seete. Sedes, serJile. Sete, for worthy menn. Orcestra,

UG. vel orcistra, c. f.

Sethyn', or sethe mete (seyine, or sethyne, s.) Coquo. Sethyn', only yn water. Lixo, CATH. elixo. Sexe. Sex. Vide supra in C. (Sext, p. Sextus.) Sextene. Sexdecem. (Sexty, p. Sexaginta.

Sethynge ofmete.
K. setwaly, p.)

Coctura,coctio.

(Sexhundred, (Sexteyne, h,
(Sextrye,
sub S

p.

Sexcenti.)

p. Sacrista.)

SETUALE,orseduale,herbe(setwale,

k. p, Scicristia.)

Omnia

Zedoarium. Settyn', yn ese and rest. Quieto.

cdia quevidentur hic esse ponerida

liteixt

quere sujira in

C litera.

Possibly written by the first hand " Servyn, as servaunte." Sesyn a^eue (azene?) MS. This reading seems to be an error, which may be corrected by that of MS. s. "or ^eve sesyn." "I wyll sease hym in his landes, je le says' Cesun, MS. iray en ses ttrrts.'''' Palsg.
'

Sic.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Sybbe, or of kynne.
nei(s, contribulis.

455

Consanguik.

Sybyle, propyr name (Sibbe,

Sybbly, p.) SibiUa.

Sygh'ty, or glarynge, or glyderynge (sity or staring, k. clarynge or glytherynge, s. staringe or

glaringe, p.)

Rutilans.

Sybrede
CATH.

(or bane, p.)i

fnite.
tree.

Bantui,

Sygnyfyyn',3 or to be tokenyiV.
Significo, denoto.

Sycomowre, Sycomowre,
relsa,

Sicomorum.
Sicomorus,

Syynge

dOwne,

or

swonynge.

cath.
(syde
et

Sincopacio. Syynge, or clensynge (syftynge,

8.

Sydebynche
Syde KYLW.

Siibseliium, cath.

benche, p.) vo. Assidella, borde, or tabyl.

siffinge, p.)

Colacio, colatura.
k.

Syhghyn',

for

mornynge (syhyn,
Suspii'0.

sighen, p.)

Talaris. Syyd, as clothys.2 Syde, of a beeste, or oper thynge, what so hyt be. Latus. Sydyr, drynke. Cisera. Sydnaxdys, or a-syde (or on syd, s.

Syjhynge,-* (syhynge, k. sy^ynge, Suspirium. 8. sighynge, p.)

Sykyl.
et

Falcillus, fcdcicula, dicc.

(or serteyne, sup)ra.)
ttitus.

cath. (falx, p.)

Sykyk

Se-

curus,

(Sydenedde
Siftyn'.

Oblique. or a-sleet, infra.) of a roof, vide infra Elevacio.) in stepnesse.

Cribro.

Sykeryn', or make sykyr (make

sm-e, p.)

Securo, assecuro.

Sykyrly. Secure, tide. Sykyrnesse. Securitas.

Sillaha. Sillable. Sylence. Silencium. Sylke. Sericum.

Cribracio. Syftynge. Visus. Syghte.

Sygh'ty.
'

Visibilis.

Compare cybrkde,
tlie
;

sv])ra, p. 77.

Ray

gives Sibberidge or Sibbered, signifying in

Suffolli

words

banns of matrimony, and Sir T. Browne ineludes Sil)rit amongst Norfolk It has been derived from A. S. Syb, cognatio, see also Forby, under Sybbrit.

and byrht, munifestus.

cognaii,

" Affinis, viri et uxoris It has also the signification of affinity. " Consanguinitas, i. affinitas, Whitint. Gramm. alyaunce or sybberid." sybrade." Wilbr. Dict. " A syhredyne, C07isa7igui7iitas." cath. a\g. ^ See the note on cyyd, supra, p. 77. In the Paston Letters it is stated that Clement Paston had, when at College in 1457, " a chort blew gowne yt was reysyd, and mad of a " Syde as a hode, j^iolixus, jJrolixitas ; Syde as a govvue, syd gowne." Vol. i. p. 145. DeAuxus, taluris." cath. ang. " Rohon, a side cassoclve reaching below the Ivuees." COTG. Bishop Kennett remarks that, in Lincolnshire and in the North, the following expressioiis were in use, a " side " field, i.e. long; a " side '' house or mountain, i.e. high; and, by metaphor, a haughty person was called " side." In the description of Coveitise, P. Ploughm. Vis. V. 2,857, his lolling cheeks are said to be " wel sidder than his chyn and chyveled for elde;" and, in the Mayster of the Game, a light deer and swift in running is contrasted with such as have " side bely and flankes," that is loose or hanging down, so as to hinder

his speed.
'

A. S. Side, longus.

This word occurs aniongst the verbs, between symentyn and syngyn; possibly as having been written by the first hand syngnyfyyn. " Syjbynge, MS. Doubtless an error; the word (occurring here between Syy, and Compare Sy^hynge, Syk,) having probably been written Syh^hynge by the first hand.
infra.

CAMD. SOC.

o N

456

PEOMPTOUICM PARVULORUM.
Syngyn'. Canto, psallo, cath. cano, pango, cath. SyNGE MASSE. MisSO, CATH. Ct UG. Synge swetely. Modulor.
Cantacio, modulacio. S^^ngynge, of messys. Celebracio. Sy(n)gynge 5YFTE, or reward for syngynge. Syparium, cath. Synyn', or a-signyil' (ordeyne or assynyn, k. p.) Signo, assigno. Synke, forwater receyvynge (synke Exor receyte of water, p.) ceptorium, c. f. Synke, of a lampe (holdinge the risshe, p.) Mergulus, cath.

Sylke wyrme. Bombix, cath. Sylle, of an howse. Silla, soliva,

KYLw. (cilla, p.) Sylogysme. Silogis)7ius. Sylveryn'. Argento, (deaj-gento, p.) Sylure, of valle, or a nother thynge (syhire of a walle, s.)
Celatura, celamen, cath.*

Syngynge, of songe.

Syluryd.
Symbale.''

Celatus.

Simhalum, c. f. Symextyn'. Simento. Symxel, brede." Artocopns, c. f. Sympylle. Simplex. Sympvlxesse, or hi;ylle of valew.
Exilitas.

Sympylxesse. Simplicitas. Sympul, or lytylle worthe. Exilis. Sympylle, or sengyll, no^t dobyl.
Simplus,
c. F.

Synkynge.

Subrnersio.
c. f.

Synnyn', or do syii'. Pecco. Synopyr, colowre. Sinopis,

et

Symond, propyr name. Simon. Synchone, herbe (synyon, s. synthon, p.) Senecion, camadreos. Syxdyr, of smythys colys. Casma,
C. F.

UG. in sinzurus.

Syyntyr, or masoiirye (sintyr of masonry, k. syyntii- of masunry,

p.) Sinctoriurn,(cingatorium, p.)

Syne

tokyn, SENY, supra.

(or

k.)

idem quod an
in,

(Syse of an
Synxe.

ostry, p. of

k.

Syppyn', now^t fully drynlve. tisso, stibbibo, cath. Syppynge, lytyl drynkvnge. tissacio, cath. subbibitura.

PoPo-

supra in seny.) Peccatum, piaculum, Kervus.

Syprees,
vi-

tree.

Cipressus, cipa-

rissus, c. F.

cium, facinus, crimen.

Syrcumsycyon.
Syr,
or
Inrd.

Circumsisio.

Synewe.
Synfulle.
Syntfully.
ciositas.

Dominus,

herrts.

Criminosus, viciosus. Criminose, viciose.

Peccabilitas,
vi-

kirius.

Synfulnesse.

Syse, or a-syse, dome of lond. Syse, for bokys lymynynge (sise

coloiu-, k. p.)

Synggare.
tatrix.
'

Cantor, cantator, can-

Sysmatyk. Scismaticus. Sysowre, schcre. Forpex.

In the Assisa Panis, which regup. 48. lated the weight of bread of various kinds, it is said, " Panis vero de siminello ponderabit minus de wastello de duobus solidis, quia bis coctus est." Stat. of Realm. " Simnell, " Artocopns, panis cum lalore factus. P/ac^nto, a wastelle hT%d.de, sirrdnioM."' palsg.
or a symnelle." med. Boorde, in the Breviary of Health, in regimen for the stone, says, " I refuse cakebreade, saiTron breade, rye bread, leven bread, cracknels, simnels, and all manner of crustes."' &c. " Esrhatide, a kind of wigg or symnell." cotg,

Compare chtmme belle, supra, p. 75. Compare brede twyys bakyn, &c., supra,

PUOMPTORIUM PAKVULOKUM.
Systerne, idem quod sesterne,
supra.

457

(siveyer, seve niakere, k. syuyer',

p.)

Cribrarius.

Syster, only by fe fader ys syyde. Soror, CATH. et ug. in sereno. Syster, only be the moder ys syde. Geimana, cath. et ug. ibid.

Syvys, herbe (or cyvys, supra in Nasturcium, s.) C. Syvn, of a tree. Vitulainen, cath.
surculus.

Syster yn lawe, broders wyyf.

Fratrissa, cath.
et c. f.

(SlTHE, K. Vicis.) Sythe, instnmient of

(sithe

mowynge
corne,
k.)

Syster
bandys
B.

yn

lawe, as howsolde
wyfys syster (as hus-

to

mowyu

syster, or

syster, or

wyues

syster,

Falx. Sythvn', or clensyn' lycurys (syffyn,

s.

p.)

Glos,

c. F.

syuyn, p.)

Colo.
s.)

Syttare. Sessor, sestrix. Syttare, at mete. Conviva. Syte. Urbs, civitas.

(Syth5,
h.

Syjhynge (syynge,

Suspiracio.

Si que alia sunt habencia sonum Sy in prima sillaba, quere supra

in Cy,
h.
ifi

Visus.)

C. litera.

(Sythy, h. Visibilis.) (Sythy, or staring, or glaryng,

Rutilans.)

Skey, as hors (or schey, supra.)

Umbraticus, ug.

Skeymowse,
(siyiii,

or

Sythethyn'
sythen, p.)'

sythyn, s. Postmoduyn, postea,

k.

mows

or queymows.

sweymows (skeyAbhomiFilipulum,

nativus, s.)

cleinde, deinceps.

Skeyne, of threde.
Skeppe.

Sedeo. Syttyn', on a sete. Recumbo, disSyttyn', at mete. cumbo.

Syttitstge.
Sessio.

versofilum, c. f. in gyrgyllum.

Sporta, corbes.
Corbio, cath.

Skeppe makere.

Syttynge clothe, Strigium, kylw. Syttynge place.

or

streythe.

Skerel. Larva, ug. et c. f. Skeryn' a-wey. Abigo, cath. Skerynge a-wey. Abjectio.
Skye.3
Nubes, nebula, nubicula,
{nvbila, v.)

Sedile, c. f.

Syve, for to syfte wythe (syflfe, p.) Cribrmn, cribellum. Setarium, (SivE, infra in tem^e. CATH.)
Sya'edys,
or brynne, or palyys.2
or

Skyl. Racio. Skylfulle. Racionabilis. Skylfulnesse. Racionabilitas.

Furfur.

Skynne. Pellis, cutis. Skynnare. PeUiparius,

lifex, c. F. in

cxTYi.jyel-

Syvyjere,
'

maker

of

syvys

mureligus.

" D<m5, longe sythen." ortus.

A. S. Syddan,

deitide,

postm.
p.

Compare bren, or bryn, or paley, supixi, p. 49, and paly of brynne, " Nubes, a skye." MED. Thus in Lydgate's Minor Poems,
" Thi somerys day
is

379.

nevir or seelden seyn

is

With som
Compare Clowde, S!(pm,
p.

cleer liayr, but that ther

som skye."

84, where the reading in MSS. K. H. is Ciowde or skye; Clowdy, or fulle of skyys; see aiso iiovyS yn {>e eyre, asskyis, &c., p. 251. A. S. Skua, timhra.

458

PROJIPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(or lawnche, siipra.) Scdtits, Saltator, saltatrix.

Skvp
VG.

Skyppare.

Salto. Skyppyn'. Trames, Skyrt, of a gamient. c. F. syrina, cath. Skyrwyt, herbe or rote (skenYji;h, 8.) Pastinaca, c. f. bancia,c. f. Skytte, or flyx (flux, s.) Fluxus,
lienteria, dissenteria, (d//aria, p.)

Saraballum, sarrabarrum, COMJI. et Dicc. birrus. c. F. endromades, cath. et ug. vel endroma, (endromis, c. f., p.) Slavyr. Orexis, ug. v. inL.. et kylw.
clothe, K.)

Slaverynge.
UG. V.

Orexacio,

orexia,

Slaveron. Orexo, cath. Slawly. Tepide, pigre, tarde. Slaunder, or sclaunder. Scandalum, calumjmia, c. f. Slal^nderyd. Ccdumpniatus,
scandulizatus.

Skyveyne, of a gylde (skvwen, s.) (Skochox, supra in scochun, s.) Skomyn'. Suprain ^co; etcetera
alia sillaba.

Slawnderon.
Slawnesse,

Slabbarde
tardus.

(slabbar, J.) Jlorosus,

Scandalizo, cabtmpnior, cath.

of mewynge.

Morosi-

Slak. Laxus. Slag, or fowle wey (slak as fowle wey, k.) Luhncus, lutosus, lirnosus.

tas,tarditas,pigritia,(7noritas,K.)

Slawnesse, or dulnesse of egge.

Ebetudo, ohtusitas.

Slawthe (supra

in slawnesse, p.)

LanaSlay, webstaiys loome. rium, radius, Cath. et c. f. Slakyn'. Laxo, cath. Slakynge. Laxacio. Slaknesse. Laxatura. Slat stone, idem quod sclat. Ymhrex. Tardus, Slaw, yn meAvynge.
piger, torpiclus, morosus.

Pigricia, accidia.

Slawtyr, of beestys. Mactacio. Slede (instrument, k. p.) to draw

Sleythe

wythe.i Tha, trava, c.f. traha,VG. (or quentyse, supra, or slynesse or wyle, infra, sleight, p.) Astucia, cautela. Sleythe, of falsehed (or wyle,
infra,
sleyth,

or

falnesse,

s.)

Slaw,

or dul of QgQ (dulle of wyt, K.) Ebes, obtusus.

Versucia, dolositas,

calliditas,

meander,

c. f.

Slaveyne,
'

garment

(slaueyn.

Slekyston (sleken

stone, k. h.)^

See HAROWE, siipra, p. 228. " Amiathoii, a slyke stone (al. a sclykstone).'' med. " Linatoriuin, a sleke stone. Lucihncimicthim, a sleyght stone." ortus. " A sleght stone, lamina, licinitonum, luci'' Slyckestone, " Sleeke stone, hricunculuni.'''' cath. a>g. lisse a papier, lice." palsg. pierre calendrine.^'' sherw. In former times polished stones, impleraents in form of a muller, were used to smooth linen, paper, and the like, and likewise for the operation termed caiendering. Gautier de Bibelesworth says,
^

" Et priez la dame qe ta koyfe luehe (slike) De sa luchiere (slikingston) sur la huche."

In directions for making buckram, &c., and for starching cloth, Sloane MS. 354S, f. 102, " cum lapide slycstone levifica." the finishing process is as follows Slick-stones occur in the Tables of Custom-house Rates on Imports, 2 James I. and about that period large stones inscribed with texts of Scripture were occasionally thus used. See Whitaker, Hist.
:

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Linito)'ium, lucibriuncubm, lici-

459
Astute,

Slyly

(or warely, infra.)

nitorium, dicc.

caute (^callide, v.)

Slekyn'. LicibricinnuIo,(l) kylw.

Slymanne, and doggyd. Ardulio,

C. F.

Slekkyn' (sleckyn or vvliechyu,

Extinguo.

k.)

Slyme
or qwenchynge.

(or slype, infra.)

Limus,

Slekkynoe,
tinctio.

Ex-

uligo, c. F. et vo. in xdva.

Sleen', or slee bestys (slene or

killyn bestis, p.)

(Slymows, orlymows, p. JJmosus.) Slynesse, idem quod sleythe,

supra.

Occido, tru-

cido, interficio, interimo.

SLEN,orkyllyiibeestys as bocheiys.
Ilacto.

Slyngare. Fundibularius, c. f. Slynge. Funda, balea, c.F.etCAin. Slyngyn'. Fundo, cath. fundibalo, c. F.

Slendyr. Gracilis. Slepe. Somnus, sopor, dormicio. Slepare. Dormitor, somniosus. Slepy, or hevy of slepe. Sompnolentus.

Slyp, or skyrte. Lascinia

Merarii.

glossa
idein

Slyp, (slype,

s.

slypp,

p.)

quod slyme.
Slytyn', or weryfi. Attero, vetero, cath. invetero. Sly^ty55, orweryd. Veteratus, cath. vetustus, vetustate consumptus. Slytynge. Veteracio, consumpcio. Slyvyn' a-sundyr (or ryvyn, p.) Findo, ejjisso, kylw. Slyvynge, cuttynge a-wey. Avulsio, abscisio.

Slepyn'. Donnio, soporo. Oblique. Sleet, or a-sleet. Sleet, of snowe. Nicula, cath.

Sleve.

Manica.

Sleve garmentys (slevyn or settyn

on sleuys, k.) Manico, cath. Slewth'e, icle^n quod slawnesse,
supra.

Slewthyn', or sluggon'.
torpesco.

Torpeo,

Slyvynge, of a
Fissula.

tre or oj^er lyke.

Sly. Cautus, astutus, callidus. Sly, and false to-gedyr. Subdolus,

dolosus, versutus, versipellis,
c. F.

Slo, frute.
c. F. et

Prunum., vel spinum,

kylw. jyrunellum.
im-

Slyce, instrument. Spata, sjiatula,

DICC.

(Sloo tree, p. Prunus.) Feces Slobur, or slobere.

Slyderyn' Slydynge.

(slidyn,

k.)

Labo,

vel labor, cath.

Slydyr
fra.)

(or

Lapsus. swypyr as a wey,

Labilitas.

munde. Slobur, or blobur of fysshe and Burbulium, ug. in o]jer lyke.

burgo.

in-

Lubricus.

Sloffynge, or on-gentyll etynge

(onkyndely etynge, k.) Voracio,

Slydyrnesse.

Sly'ke, or sniothe, Lenis,

cum

n.

devoracio, lurcacitas.

non V. Slykeston, idem qiiod slekeston.

Sloknyn', idem quod sleknyn, su2)ra (slokkyn supra in slekkyn, p.)

Craven, p. 401, n. There was a speeimen in the Leverian Museum. Bishop Kennett, in " to sleek his Glossarial Collections, v. Slade, alludes to the use of such an appliance,

clothes with a sleek-stone."

460

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

8L0K?fYNGE, or qwenchyiige (sloke-

Sluggydnesse

(slugnes, k.)

Tor-

nynge
tinctio.

or whencliinge, k.)

Ex-

2)or, segnicies, ignavia.

(Slomeryxg, k.) Dormitacio. Slomeron'. Donnito, nictitor, KYLW. Sloppe, gannent (slop, clotlie, k.
p.)

Sluggyn'. Desidio, torpeo, pigritor, CATH.

Slummerare.
mitatrix.

Dorrnitator,

dor-

Ilutatorium,

c. f.

Slutte. Slutty.

Cenosus, cenosa. Cenulentus, cath.

(shitly,

Sloor, or

sowi- (slory or sowre, k.

s.

Sluttyly
p.)

k. sluttysshly,

slore or soore or cley,

h. p.)i

Cenulente.

Cemim, Sloryyd.

limus.

Cenosus,

cenolentus,

lutulentus, c. f.

Sloot, or schytyl of sperynge (slot Pessuhua. or shetil, p.) Slot, or schytyl of a dore. Verolium, coMM. Slothe, where fowle water stondythe (or poyel, supra.) Lacuua,

(Sluthnes, k. Cenositas.) Smak, or taste. Gustus. Smakyn', or smellyfi. Odoro. Smalyv, or uiake lesse. Minoro. Smalle, as a wande. GraciUs. Smalle, or lytylle. Parvus, modicus.

CATH.

Smal wyne. ViUum. Smeke, or smoke. Fumus. Smekyn', or smokyii'. Fumo, fumigo.

Slothe,

where

swyne

or

ojjer

bestys han dwellyd (slonghe, w. ye hoggys welw;s'n, k. han wellyAvj^d, s.

Smekyn', or sniokyn' as hote lycure.

Vaporo.
])le-

where hoggys walowen,

(Smekynge, or mevyii wythe

Volutabrum, cath. Slothe, where water stondythti

p.)

aftp* reyne.
vies, vel

CoUuvium,

collu-

sauute tokenys, infraiu styryn".) Smel. Odor, vel odos. Smel, of rostyd mete. Kidor,
C. F.

coUuvio, UG. in luo.

k.
s.

Sloturburgge (slotyrbngge,
p.)

Smellyn,

idern

quod

smakyn',

Cenulentus, maurus, cath.

l.

supryi, et olfo, c. f.

obcenus, ug. v. in
C. F.

putihundus,

Sloteron', or defowlyn' (sloteryu or done fowly, p.) Maculo, cleturpo.

Slugge. Sluggy.

Deses, segnis. DesicUosus, torpiclus, ig-

Smellyn' sw^ete. Fragro. Smellynge. Odoracio, olfactus. Smelte, fysche. (Stingus, p.) Smert. Ustio." Smertyn'. U7-0. Smet, or sm)i;yii'. Percussus. Smethe, or smothe (smethenes, k.)^
Planicies.

navus, CATH.

' Coinpare gore, or slory, supra, p. 203. " To slorry or make foul, noi-dido.'''' gouldm. "Souille, soiled, slurried, sinutehed, &c.; Sozuller, to soyle, slurrie; Ordi, fouled, slurried, slubbered.'" cotg. 2 risilo, MS. Usdo, MSS. S. P., is doubtless the true reading. ^ Forby gives Smeath, signifying in Norfolk aii open level of considerable extent, for instance Markam Smeath (pronounced Smee,) famed in the sports of the SwatTliam coursing

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOUUM.
Smylyn'.
Subrideo.
catii.

461
Anguis,

Snake, wyrme.
in anguilla.

cath.

Smylynge. Subrisus. Smythe. Faber^ ferrnrius,

Snare.

Laqueus, pedica, cath.

Smytyn'. Ferio, percutio. SmYTE FYYR. FuijiUo, CATH.

tendicula.

Snaryd, or snarlyd (or marlyd,

supra.)
Illaqueatus, laqueatus.

Smytynge.
sura.

Percussio,

percus-

Smythy.
..p.)

Fabricia

(fabrateria,
herthe.

Snaryn', or snarlyn'.2 Illaqueo. Snarynge, or snarlynge (or rufflynge, supra.)

Illaqueacio.

Smythys chymney, or Smythys hamyr. Smythys tongge

nella,

Fa-

brica, c. f. (epicastorium, p.)

Marcus, cath.
(tongys, k.)

(Snarlid, k. Illaqueatus.) Snattyd, or schor(t) nosyd.^ mus, c. F.

Si-

Te-

Snekke,

or

latche.

Clitorium,

cath.
Camisia, intenilo,

Smok,

schyrt.

instita, ug. v. (subocula, vel sub-

uncula, p.)

Smoke, reke, iclem quod reke. Smoky. Fumosus. Smore, wythe smeke. Fumigo. Smoryd. Fwuifjatus. Smorynge. Fumigacio. Smothe, pleyne. Planus. Smothe, or softe. Lenis, cum n. non V. Snayle, crepare. Limax, limata,
cath.

pessulum, kylw. pessum, necc. Sneke, or the poose (pose, k. h. s.) Catarrus, c. F. corisa, rupea. Snybbyn', or vndnr-takyn. Peprehendo, deprehendo. Snybbynge, or vndyrtakynge. Dejyreheticio,

redargucio,

(repre-

hencio, k.)

Snype, or snyte, byrde.

Ibex.

Snyvelard, or he

J^at

spekythe yn

(Snayle, as of pentys, supra Spira.y CERCLE.

in

Nasitus, kylw. the nose. Snytyn' anese or a candyl. Emungo, mungo. Snytynge, of a nose or candyl. Munctura, cath. emunctura. Snytynge,4 of a candel (snytele.

meeting. An extensive level tract near Tiynn, formerly fen, is called the Smeeth; and to the south-west of Lynn there is a very fertile plain, celebrated as pasture for sheep, called Tyhiey Smeeth. A. S. Smseth, ^J^rtJiJc/cs. " Testudo, a snayle, curva camera templi, curvatura, lacunar, a voute." med. ^ Compare intrykyn, supnt, p. 262, marlyn, p. 327, and ruffelyn, p. 439. Palsgrave gives the verb " I snarle, I strangle in a halter, or corde, Je eslrangle : My grayhounde had almost snarled hym selfe to nigbt in his own leesse." See Forby's Norfolk Cotgrave gives dialect, v. "Snarl, to twist, entangle, and knot together as a skein." " Grippets, the rufflings or snarles of ouer-twisted thread." ^ " All mooris and men of Ynde be snatte nosed, as be gotis, apis, &c." HORM. In K. Alis. v. 6447, " fuatted nose " should doubtless be read snatted. " Instrument " ought here probably to be supplied.according to the readings K. p. " Emunctorium, ferrum cum quo candela emundatur, a snuffyng yron." ortus. Thc following description of a pairof snuffers, about 1450, is found in the curious poem on the their duties, appended to the Boke of Curtasye, Sloane MS. officers of a household and 1986, f. 46, b. where, after describing various kinds of candles made by the " Chandeler," we read that that official
'

462
8.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
snytinge
instrmnent,
k. p.)

SocowRE.

Refugium, confugium,
JDefensus, sttpporta-

Munctorium, einnnctorium, cath. (Snuffe, of a candel, s. 2Ii(co.) (Snoke, k. p. Mustilacio.') (Snok\-n, or smellyn, k. p. Nicto-Y Snokynge. OlfdCtUS. Snorare. Stertor., (stei^tens, s.) Snoryn', yn sleep. Sterto. Snorynge. Stertura. Snothe, fylthe of the nose (snotte,
8.)

tutela, {refrigerium, p.)

SocowRYD.

tus, contutatus, {i-efugitus, p.)

Socowryn', yn helpynge or defendyii.

Tuor, contutor, cath.

succurro.

Lacteo, SocoN, or soke mylke. lallo, sugio, cath. SoDARY, or sudary. Sudarium.

PolipuSj CATH. {pus, mucus,

Snow. JVtx. Snowyn'. Ningit. Snowte, or bylle. Eostrum,

pro7nussida,
c. f.

SoDEYNE. Suhitaneus, repentinus. SoDENLY. Suhito, i'epentine. S0DEYNTE.4 Subitanemn. Sodekene, or subdekene. Suhdiaconus, nathineus, cath.

c. f.

Snvrtyn', or frowne 2 wythe j^e nese for scome or schrewdenesse. Nario, cath. Soo, or cowl, vesseL Tina, cath. So, or on tliys wyse (so or that
wyse, p.) Sic, siccine, Sobbyn'. Sinrjulto, UG.
taliter.

Sofyme. Sophisma. Sofyster. Sopht/sta.

Sofysyn'. Sufficio. SoFTE, yn felvuge or towchvnge.
Mollis.

SoFTE, or myykl (meke,

mansuetiis, suavis.

s.)

Pius,

SoBBYNGE. Singultus, (singulcio,K.) SoBUR. Modestus, sobrius.

Soberyn', or make sobyr. Sohrio. SoBURNESSE. Sohrietas, modestia. SocKE.3 Soccus, cath. et VG. in
sagio (peda, k. jyedana, v.)

SoFTE, or esy wythe owte grete dene (dvnne, s.) Tranquilhis. SoFTE, in mevj-nge. Lentus. SoFTE and smothe. Lenis, ^jZanus.

Softyn', or cath.
dose a-way

make

softe.

Mollio,

" The snof

of

hom

Wyth
The

close sesours, as I

30W

say,

sesours ben schort and rownde y close, AVyth plate of irne vp on bose."

" iWrfo, to snoke as houndes dooth when following game.'" ortus. " Indarjo, to snook, to seek or search, to vent, to seek out as a hound doth." gouldm. Compare baffyTJ, and ba%nge, svpra, p. 20, and wappyn, itifra. ^ Srowne, MS. Compare FROw.Ny.N wythe the nose, svpra, p. 181, where Xiislo is the reading ofthe Latin word, here correctly written. Nano, i. subsannare, nares fricare, &c. to scorne or nioeke.'" ortus. ^ Compare PY.NSONE, sokke, s?'pr, "Socke for ones fote, cTiaussoyi." palsg. p. 400. " Cernu, a socke without sole." med. Linipedium, a hose or a socke of lynnen cloth." ORTUS. A satirical writer, t. Edw. II., says of the monks that this is the penance they do for our Lord's love, " Hii weren sockes in here shon, and felted botes above." Polit. Songs, p. 330. ^ Compare haste, yn sodente, inpetus, sppra, p. 228.
'

^^"

''

l'ROMPTOniUM PARVTJLORUM.
Softyn', or esyfi of peyne (softyn wit resone, k.) Mitigo^ allevio.

-163

SoKYiJ'
to

Softyn', or comfortyn yn sorowe

and mornynge. Delinio. SoFTENEssE, j\\ towchynge. MoJlicies,

thyng, k.) or other ellys (as thinge to be soft, p.) Infundo; et istud habetur a pht/sicis medicincdibus (as ly(as

yn lycm-e

be cawsys

made

softe,

cowris, 8.)

mollicia, cath.

SoFTENESSE, or myldcnesse.
siictudo, benignitas.

Man-

Sokyn' yn, as lycure yn dyuerse jjyngys, or drynkyn yu' (sokyn

in diuers Jjyngys, s.)

Libibo.
in

SoFTENEssE, or smotliencsse. Lenitas, cum n. non cnm v. (SoCxGOn', infra in water soggofi'.
Aquosus.^ (SoHowE, howiitynge crye, supra

SoKYNGE, or longe lyynge

cure.

ly-

Infusio, inbibitura.
tete.

SoKYNGE, of a pappe or
tacio, succio.

Lac-

H.) (SoYLE, infra

in

SOKYNGE GRYCE. NefrenduS, CATH. SoKYNGE GROWNDE, as sondy

grownde and other lyke (soking
in as a sondy

in sule, et supra in moold.) Sdiowryn',1 or go to boorde (soiwryn, k.) Convivor, UG. i^^erpendino, 0. F. (prehendino, s.)

growud, k.)

Bi-

buJus, CATH. (et Boetius, 8.) (Sokyngly, ideni quod esyly.)

Soiurnaunt
mensalis,

(soioraut, p.)
in

Comvivo,

SooKNE, or custome of hauntynge (soken or custome, p. custome

or
acio,

mansionarius, convi-

vator, convivatrix, ug.

liawntynge, concursus.

s.)

Frequentinfra.)

mansiona)-ia.

SoLACE
}>at

(or spooi-t,

So-

SoKERE, or he

sokythe.

Su-

laciuni, soJamen.

SoKAKE

gens, (lactens, p.) of mylke, or sokerel that

SooLE, beestys teyynge ^ (teyinge, TrimembraJe, K. teiynge, p.)

longe sokythe. Mammotrepus, CATH. et c. F. SoKELYNGE, herbc (or suldynge, Locusta. infra.) SoKELY'NGE, or he \&t sokythe. Sububer, ug. vel sububis, ug. v.

KYLw\ muligo, KYLW. JigacuJum, KYLW. boia, CATH.

SoJia, cath. SoLE, fj^sche. SoLE, of a foot. PJanta. SoJea, cath. SoLE, of a schoo. SoLEYNE, or a mees of mete for on a-lone (soleyne or a mele of mete SoJinum. of one alone, p.) SoLEYNE, of maners, or he ])at lovythe no cumpany. SoJitarius,

m
et

L.

SoKET, of a candylstykke or ojjer lyke. AJorica, veJalarica, kylw.

UG. V.
probably for Soiowrnyn.
for a tynie, or
I

Palsgrave gives " I sejounie, I boorde in anotber I sojourne," larye in a place for a season, Je sejoiirne. " Cunrit'0, to fceste or to geste, vel simul vivere, to lyue togyder." ORTUs. &c. id. ' " Sole, about a beestes necke." palsg. " Jicsds, a sole to tie beasts." a bowe GOULDM. A. S. Sol, Sole, a wooden band to put rouml the neck of an oxe or a cow when tied up in a stall. The word is still in use in certain local dialects, as in Herefordshire and Cheshire.
'

Sic,

mannes house

CAMD. 80C.

3 O

4(vl

PUOMPTORIU.M PAUVULORUM.

aceronicMS, cath. vel acheronicus, c. F.

(SoMYR GAME, supra

Estivo,
c. F.

iu play.)

Somoron, or a-bydyn' yn' somyr.^

s.)

SoLEMXE
nis.

(solenne,

Solemp-

SoLEMPNE,
K. s.)

or feestfulle (solenne,
(solennite, s.)

Festivus, celeber.

SoLEMPNYTE
lempnitas.

So-

Somownyn'. Cito. Cicius. SoNNARE, or rathere. SoND. Sahulum, cath. SoND, or grayel. Arena.

SoND HYLLE,
of a fecst.

01

pytte.

So7'ica,

SoLEMPNYTE,
tas.

Festivi-

CATH.

SoLERE,
Solfon'.

orlofte.i

Solarium, hec-

theca, c. f.

menianum, comm.
P.)

SoND, or sendynge. 3Iissio. SoND, or 5yfte sent (^eft y-send, s.) Eccennium {encennium, xennium,
SoNE.
Films.
iN

Solfo.

SoLFYNGE. Solfacio {soluacio, (SoLVYN, supra in onbvyndyn.)

SoNE

LAWE.

Genev,

C. F.

SoLWYD
tus,

(solowed,

p.)

Macula-

deturpatus, sorclidatus.
or fowlyii (solowyn, p.)
p.)

SoLWY'x',

SoNE, not longe a-bydynge. Cito. SoNGE. Cantus, canticum. SoNGE, yn halle or chambyr. Cantilena.

Maculo, deturpo, (sordido,

SoLWYNGE (solowynge,
turpacio,
cio, p.)

p.)^

De-

sordidacio,
Citator.

{macula-

SoMENOWRE. So mekyl (so

mocli, p.)
p.)

Tantum.
et

(tantummodo,

SoMER

hors.3

Gerulus, cath.

comm. somarius, cath. summarius, COMM. {hajulus, sellio, p.) SoMER tyme. Estas. SOMYR CASTELL.* FaUl, C. F. Somyr laylond. Novale.

SoNGE, of a manne a-lone. Monodia, KYLw. vel monoci{iii)um. SoNGE, of twey menne. Bicinium, KYLW. Tricinium, SoNGE, of thre menn. KYLW. SoNGE, of many menn. Sincinnium, KYLw. Nota eciam tetraci{ni)um
aliis.
et

pentaci{iii^um

de

Sonyon', idemquod soynyn (soynpi or assonyyn, p.)

" Sollar a chambre, solier. " Hecteca, dicitur Soller a lofte, gariuer.'''' PALSG. solarium dependens de parietibus cenaculi. Meiiianum, solarium, dictum a menibus, i, muris, quia muris solent addi." ORtus. In the Boke for Travellers, the hostess says of persons arriving at an inn " Jenette, lyghte the eandell and lede them ther aboue in the solere to fore." Compare garytte, hey solere, sv/pra, p. 187.
'

*
^

Compare SOWlynge,
CompSiTe

iiifra.

yiA-LE HonsE,fferuliis, soriiarius, su2)ra. p.

823.

" Sompter horse,

sovimier.''''

PALSG.

" Fala, Angl. a toure of tree." of tymbyr, /aZa, ivfra. 'Sonimer castell of a shyppe." palsg. In the translation of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 8 A. XII., mention oecurs of "somer castell or bastyle " brought against the walls by an enemy, f. 103; and of " somercastelles, bastelles, and piles," to protect the supplies of provisions, f. 68 b. ' This verb occnrs in the MS. between soposy.v and sorwy>'.
*

Compare towre made oonly

ORTUS.

PROMPTORIUM rAUVULOHUM.
SopARE, marcliaunt (or chapiuan, P.) Saponarius, kylw. SooPE. Smigma, c. f. sapo. SoppE. Offa, offnla, (offella, v.) (SoppE, yn M^atyr, k. Tpa.^ (SoppE, in Avyne, k. h. Vipa.) (SoPER, K. Cena.) (SoPHYM, supra in sofym, k.) Soposyn'. Suppono, estimo, susjncor.

465
syn, wylfully

SoRow
SoRow

for

takyn'.

Contricio.
for syn, take for drede of

peyne more than for drede of Godde (more than for displesawnce of God, k ) Attricio.

SoRowFULLE, or

fulle

of sorow.
tristis,

Merens, lugubris, c. F, gemibundus. Doleo, gcvio, Sorwyn'.

ejulo.

lugeo,

(SoposYNGE, mf7'a in supposynge.) SooRE, wonde or botche, Morbus. SooRE, or grevows and dyshesyd for sorenesse. Morhosus, viorbidus.

(SoRWYNGE, supra in sorowe, H.) SoRPORRYD, wythe mete or dry nke,

supra in agrotonyd.) Soortyn', or settyii yn a soorte.
Sortior.

SoRE, or grevowsnesse. Gravamen. SooRE, fylthe or sovr (sowre, filthe, Limxis, cenum, lutum. 8. p.) Sorcery, wyche crafte. Sortilegium.

Sos,

SoREL, herbe.
DICC.

Surella, c, f. ac-

Cantahrum, CATH. et UG. in Canaan.. SooT, of reke or smoke. Fvligo. SoTTE, idem quod folte or folett,
supra.^

how(nd)ysmete ^ howndys mete, h. s.)

(soos,

cidula, c. F. acetosa, solatnim,

SoTHE,
Tristis,

or

Fatuellus, stolidus. trewe (trowthe, k.)

{dul-

SoRY, and hevy yn herte.

mestus, molestus.

Vems, veridicus. SoTHE mete. Bulciharium

ciharium,
s.)

SoRYLY. Triste, moleste. SooRY, or defowlyd yn sowr or fylthe (sowiy or defiled in soure,
p.)

SoTHEFAST
Verax.

maun

or

womann.

Cenosus, cenulentus, lutu-

{limosus, lutuosus, p.) TrisSoRYNEssE, or hevyuesse.

lentus,
ticia, luctus, molestia, mesticia.

Vcraciter. SoTHEFASTYLY. SoTHEFASTENEssE (or sotheuesse,

p.)

Veracitas, veritas.
Vei^e, veraciter.

SoTHLY.
ginos^is;

SoRYP.

Sorypus,

c. f. et

comm.

SoTY, or fowlyd wythe soot. Fuliglossa Merarii.

subtyll, p.)
Subtilis.

SooRT (sort or lotte, h. s. p.) Sors. SoROWE. Dolor, meror, tristicia,

gemitus.

SoTYLE (or

SoROW,

for lost of

gudde

(for losse

of godes, s.)

Dividia,{l) glossa

Merarii.
'

Suhtiliter. SoTYLY. SoTYLE, and wytty. Ingeniosus. SoTYLE, and crafty. Artificiosus. Subtilitas. SoTYLTE.

other
for
''

Howysmete, MS. Tliis appears doubtless an error which may be correeted by the MSS. and Pynson's text, " houndis mete." Palsgrave gives " Sosse, or a rewarde houndes whan they have taken their game. hvttee.'"' Forby gives Soss or Suss, a mixed
dialeet.

mess of food, a term always used in contempt, in East Anglian Compare also amsote, or a fole, svpra, p. 11.

466
SoTYLTE, of crafte.
(SoTYLTE, of wytte. Soo TRE, or cowl

rROMPTOniUM PARVULORCM.
Artijjciositas.
I)igeniositas.
tre.

SOUNDYNGE A-ZENE
ynge, supra.) acio, CATH.

(OT

rcbownd-

Resonatus, reboSorbeo, ab-

Falanga,

KYLW. {yectatorium, cath., k.) SowcE, mete. Succidium, kylw. Sowcyn'. Succido, c. f. et kylw. SowD, mede or rewarde of hyre.
Stipendium salarium (municipium, p.) SowDE, metel. Consolidum, solidarittm (soudarium, p.)

SowpoNE, or
sorbeo.

so^vpe.

SowpYNGE. SuppYNGE AL
sorhicio.

Sorbicio. vp, or al owte.

Ab-

SowPYNGE METE,
pinge fode, k.
hiciuncula,

or diynke (sowSorbile, sor-

p.)

c. f.

SowDYOw^RE.

Stipendarius,

mu-

niceps, trihunus, c. F.

SowDoN. Soldanus. SowE, swyne. Sus, porca,

CATH.

(SowRE, filthe, K. or soore, supra. Cenum, lutum.^ (SowRY, or defowlyd wythe fylthe,
K. Limosus, cenosus, lutosus.) Sow^RE, as frute or o])er lyke. Acidus, acer, acerbus. SowRE, as dowe. Fermentatus. SowRE CHERE. Acrimonia, c. f.

scrofa,

SoTEREYXE,
perior.

yii

wyrschy^jpe.

Su-

SovERENTE. Superioritas. Sowyn' corne or ofier sedys.

*SV-

SowRE DOKKE

mino, sero, cath. SowE clothys or oj^er thyngys. Suo. SowYNGE, of corne and oj^er sedys. Sacio, CATH. et c. f. seminacio. SowYNGE, of clothys and o])er thyngys. Sutura.

(hcrbe, K.) idem quod SOREL, supra. SowRE DOWE. Fe?mentum. SowRE MYLKE. Occigulum. SowRENESSE. Acredo, c. f. acritudo, acritas.

Sowryn', or wax
sowre,
s.)

SowLE. Anima. SowLYNGE, or dyj-nge.

vel exalacio.

Obitus,

sowre (make Aceo, cath. acesco. SowYR dowyn', or menge paste wythe sowyr dowe. Fermento.

SowsTARE, idem quod sewstare,

sujnri.

SowLYNGE,
or

or solw}'nge (solwynge
fohve,i k.)

makynge

Macu-

SowTARE, or cordewaner (cordynare, s.)

la,

lacio, deturpacio, sordidacio.

Sutor, alutarius.
(last, p.)

SowNDE,

or dyne.

Sonitus, sonvs.

SowTARYS LEST

Formu-

SouNDE, of a fysche (sown, k.)

Veniigina.

Sow(n)don' (sowndyn, k.) Sono. (Sowndyn', as newe ale and other lycnre, ?'??/m in swowyn.) Sou(n)dynge. Sonatus. (Sowndyn a-zene, supra in reBOWNDYN.)
'

formella, calopodium, cath. calopodia, c. f. (forniipodium, v.) Sowthe. Austcr. Sowthe eest. Etiroauster.

Sowthely, or sum what be

Austrcdis.

sowth'e.

Sowthystylle, or thowthystylle, Rostrum p>orcinum. (herbe, p.)

Sic,

probablv for fowle.

See solwy.n, solwtnge, &c., svpra.

PROMPTORUTM PARVULORUM.

467
(of

SowTHEWEST. Favonius, c. f. SowTHERNE, idcm quod sowthely. SowTHERNE wooDE, herbe (sotherwode,
s.)

Spargettynge, orpargcttyngc
wallis, p.)

Litura, gipsura.

SpARYii', or to spare.

Parco.
k.)

Abrotomim.
Coctus.

SoTHEN

(sodyn, p.)

Sparynge. Parcimonia. Sparkle, of fyyr (sparke,

Scintilla, favilla, cath.

SoTHYN, yn water only. Elixus. Space. Spacium. Spade. Vcmga, fossorium (dcfossorium, k.)

Sparklyn' (sparkyn, 8.) Scintillo. Spartlynge. Scintillacio. Sparplyn' (spartelyn, k.)'^ Spergo,
dispergo.

Spayne, lond.

Hispania.
s.

Spakle

(spakkyl, Scutula, CATH.

spackyll, p.)

Splarplynge,3
(spartelynge,

scaterynge or sundrynge, k.
Dissipacio.

Spaklyd. Scutulatus, cath. Spalle, or chyppe (spolle,

Quisquilia, assida,
c. f.

sparkelyng,
k.)

s.)

Sparthe,
CATH.

wepne.
(byrde, k.)

Bipennis,

Spanne, mesure of the hand. Palmus, CATH. i^cdmata, kylw. Spangele, or losangle (spangyll, losange, h. p.)^ Lorcde, kylw. Spaynyel, hownde. Odorinsecus, quia aurem sequens, venaticus. Spanyn', or wene chylder (wenyn
chyldryn, k.)
Ablacto, elacto,

Sparowe,
soorys.

Passer.
c.

Spatyl, instrument to clensewythe

Pessaria,
F.

tasta,

[siringga, p.)

Et

hic nota

quod si-

ringa est fistula quam medicina mittitur in vesicam ; hec c. F.

Spawde. Spatula, armus, cath. Spaveyne, horsys maledy (sore,

K. p.)

CATH.

Spanynge, or wenynge of chylder.

Ablactacio.

Spawnyn', as fyschys (spanyn, k.) Pisciculo, KYLW.

Sparare,

or he J)at sparythe. Parcus, parca. Sparre, of a roof (of an howus, Tignum, cath. k.) Spargettyn', or pargette wallys (sparchyn or pargetyn, s. a.)

Spawnynge,

of fysche.

Pissicu-

lacio, vel p>iscicxdatus.

Spece, or kende. Species. Si'Eche. Loquela, sermocinacio. Speche, feyny(d) be-twene man

and best (fayned,

p.)

Lahisca,

Gipso, limo.
'

c. F. {lihistica, k. p. libista, s.)-*

Compare losange, sv^^ra, p. 313. Compare dysparplyn, svpra, p. 122. " To sparpylle, spergere, dividere, ohstipare.^'' " I sparkyll a broode, I sprede thynges asonder, Je disparse and je espcu-s. CATH. ANG.
^

the sowdiers of a capitayne be sparkylled a brode, what ean he do in tyme of nede." In the Legenda Aurea it is said of Calvary, " many sculles of hedes were there sparteled all openly."

Whan
^ *

PALSG.

Lihistiea from Ai^ustTxos, Libyan, this term

Splarplynge, MS. The l after sp, is a correction added over the line. " Libistita, fabula, fatera," occurs in a glossary cited in Ducange. If we derive may have reference to some African writer of fables, as Apuleius, whose Metamorphoseon was familiar to the medifeval scholar. "Fabulae aut jEsopicse (sunt) aut Libysticse. ./Esopicse sunt, cum animalia muta inter se sermocinasse finguntur, vel quae animam non habent, ut urbes, &c. Libysticfe autem, dum hominum cum bestiis aut bestiarum cum hominibus fingitur vocis esse commercium." Isidor. Orig. lib. l.c. 39.

468

PUOMPTOIilUM PAKVULOKUM.

Spectalle, or princypalle.
cipalis, specialis.

Prin-

thyngys. kyn, p.)

pense.

(spelkyuge, k.
Fissulatus.

spel-

Specyal, concubyne, tlie manne. Amasius, et idem quocl lemann

(leefman,
s.)

Spence, or expence.

Expense, im-

Specyal, concubyne, fe womann. Coacu(speciall or leman, p.)

bina, amasia.

Spence, botery or celere. Cellarium, promptuarium, c. F. dispensatorium, comm. Spencere. Cellerarius, pincerna,
jjromus.

Sped. Expeditus. Speed, or spedynge. Expedicio. Spedyn'. Expedio. Spedyn' wele. Prospero}'. Speyr, of a garment (speyer of a Cluniculum, cath. clothe, K.)' manuhium, ky"lw. et necc. mamdia, ky'lw.

Spendare.

Dispensator.
in waast.

Spendare

Prodigus

nota alia in wastowre. Spendy^n'. Expendo, dispenso.

Spendynge.
dicio.

Dispensacio, expenwast.

Spendynge yn
litas.

Prodiga-

Spekke,

clowte.

Pictacitim.

Spekyn'. Loquor,for, sermocinor. Spekyn owte. Exprimo. Spekynge. Locucio, sermocinacio.

Spent. Expensus, disjiensatus. Spere, or fi-es (fi'esLe or brityl, k.

britill
gilis.
^

or

breliyll,

p.)'

Fra-

Speketacle. Spectaculum. Spellare. Sillahicator. Spellyn' (letters, s.) Sillahico. Spellynge. SiUahicacio. Spelke. Fissula. Spelte,- broke bonys or o])or
Jjyngys (spelke, a. spelkyn, k. p.) Spellynge, broke bonys or oper

Spere, or scuw (scliw, k. screne, s.) Scrineum, ventifuga. Spere, of the fyrmament. (Spera,
K. p.)

Spere, instrument of werre. Lancea, hasta.

Sperehawke (sparhawke, p.) Nisus, c. F. alietus,

cath.

' " C^Mnz(;/2/)/i, an hole or a spayre of a womans smoke or kyrtell." ortus. " Sparre In the curious chapter De Vestihus, in Vocab, Roy. of a gowne,/nfe de la rohe.'''' palsg. MS. 17 C. XVII. oticUT,"Manicipiiim, spayere; apei-tura, spayere; transmearium, sparebokylle," the latter being probably a brooch whicli closed the vent or fent of a dress.

Compare fente, fihuluiorinm, su^rru, p. 156. " Lacentma, a speyre ; Urla, a speyrehole." The term may have designated the openings in the dress, either at the neck, or at the sides, like pocket-holes, as seen in mediaeval costume. The Cathol. Ahbrev. 1497, thus explains '^ cluniculuM, le pertuis qui est es vestemens des femmes iouste le coste." Skelton gives a lament of the nun for her favourite bird " wont to repayre and go in at my spayre," or creep in " at my gor of my goune before."' Philip Sparow. ^ Amongst the Verl)s. Sic MS. The noun spellynge may possibly be an error, corrected by other readings. Compare, however, " Spels, or broken pieces of stones coming of hewing or graving, Assuhe, micge, segmina, secamenta." gouldm. See also spalle or chyppe, assuke, supra. In Will. and AVerwoIf, we find Spelde, with the same signification as Spalle. See Brockett. ^ Compare brokdol, supra, p. 53.

PUOMPTORIUM PARVUI.OIIUM.
Sperel, of a boke (speryng of a
boke,K.) Offendix,^ VG.infendo, signacuhun.

469

Spyllynge, or lesynge or schendynge.

Confusio, depierdicio.
p.)^

Spynnare, or erany (arreyne,

Aranea.

Sperel, or

closel

yn schetxnge
Firmacidum.

(closynge, k.)

Spynnare
Cista,

(of wolle or other lyke,

Filatrix,filak.

Speryn', or schettyii. Claudo. Speryn', and close Avytlie in (or

closyn
in, k.)

K.) or spyustare.

CATH.

Includo.

(Spinnar webbe,
nee.y

Tela ara-

Speryn', and schette wythe lokkys.

Sero, obsero.

Speryn', or aske aftcr a pynge.

Scissitor, ^^ercunctor, inquiro.

Spyndyl. Spynnyn'.

Fusus,

(fusi'llus, p.)

Spynnynge.
neccio.

Neo,filo. Filatura, c.f. netura,

Spereworte,

herbe.

Flammula.

Spyce, or spycery. Species. Spycere. Apot{]i)ecarius, dicc. Spy, or watare (waytere, s.) Explorator, comm. Spyyn', or a-spyyii'.2 Exploro,
c. F.

(^perciinctor, s.)

Spyre, of corne or herbe. Hastida. Spyryn', as corne and oj)er lyke. Spico, CATH. Spyryte, (or gooste, p.) Spiritus. Spyrlynge. Epimera. Spyt, or spotle. Sputum, screa,
saliva.

Spygot. Clipsidra, ducillus, cath.

ductileum.

Spyk,

or

fet

flesche

(spike

of

Spyyte, repref or scliame (spite, repreve or schame, k.) Obprohrium.

Popa, c. f. Spykenarde. Spica narda,

fleshe, K.)

c. f.

nardostacium.

Spytefulle. OhprohrioSus. Spyte, for rostynge (spete,

p.)

Spykynge nayle(spyI3'nge iiayle,s.)

Spylkok, or whyrlegygge,
derys pley (or
prylle,
cliyl-

supi-a.)

Veru, {yerutum, p.) Spyte mete (or done, p.) on a spete. Veruo.

Giraculum, c. f. Spyllyn', or puttyii owte (powryn owte, k.) Effundo. Spyllyn', or lesyn, or dystroyyn. Confundo.

Spytylle howse.
Spyttyn'.

Leprosorium.

Screo, spuo, exspuo.

Splene, or niylte (or niylche, sup>ra.) Splen. Splente.'* SroKOKE^ of a whele (spok, k.

Spyllynge,
Effusio.

or

owt

powryiigc.

s.

p.)

liadius, c. F.

' " ComOffendix, nodus quo liber ligatur, Angl. a knotte or clospe of a boke." ORTUS. pareCLOSPE, supra, p. 83, and ondovnge, or opynynge of schettillys, or sperellys, p. 365. 2 This word occurs amongst the verbs, seemingly misplaced, between spyte mete, and SPYTTYN. Compare araynye, p. 14, and eranye, p. 140, supra. " Spynner or spider herigne.'''' PALSG. See, in Trevisa^s version of Bartholom. de propr. rerum, a long account of the lib. 18, c. iii. various kinds of " Spinners" No Latin word is here given. Palsgrave has " Splent for an house, Laite ; Splent, harnesse for the arme, Ganh de bras." Laite, however, signifies the niilt or soft roe of a fish. * Si<\ probably an error for spoke.
*

470
Spole, or

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
scytTl, vrebstarrs instru-

ment
nulea,

(schetyl, s.)

Spolia, panavicula,

vg.

spoliare,

KYLW. et CATII. Spoylyd, or spolyYd.

spoylyn, p.)

Spoliatus.

SpoYLYJ?', or spolyoii' (spoljyn or

Spolio, dispolio.

Spowse, mann. Sponsus. Spowse, womaun. Sponsa. Spowsyn'. Desponso; quere alia infra in weddyn'. Spowte. Fistula, cath. in doma. (Spotle, idei7i quod spyt, supra.)
Sp(r)awlyn'.3
Palpito, cath.
Palpitacio.

Spylyn', or dymembryii 1 as menn doii caponys or other fo^vlys (dysmembryn, s.) Avtuo, c. f. et UG. V. in l litera. Spoy^lysge, or spoljynge. Sjwliacio, depredacio.

Sprawly^nge
Spredyn'. pando.

Dilato,

expando,

Spredynge. Dilatacio, extencio. (Spredynge, or streykynge owte,

infra.

Extencio, protencio.)
strenkelyii'.

Spoke. Coclear. Spoxge. Spongia,

CATH. Spore.
et c. F.

Sprenkelyn', or
vel

As-

sjnmgia,

pei^go, conspergo, expergo.

Sprenkely'nge, or strenkelynge.
Aspercio, conspercio.

Calcar.

Sporyare

(sporyjere, h. sporer, p.) Calcarius.

Sprete, or qvante (spret or quant,

Contus, cath. conta, c. f. contum, c. F. Sprynge, of a tre or plante (spriuge
p.)'*

Sporge, herbe.
anabulla,
c. f.

Catapucia, esuhi,
supra.)
{blutrio,

Sporgyn' (or beniiyn, Spumo, UG. blict{ri)o,^

KY'LW.
S.

or yonge tre, p.)

tula.

PIanta,plan(of vessell, w.)

P.)

Sprynge, of a welle
ale or

Sporgynge, of

wyne.

Spus.)

ScaturigOj^scatebra,

cath.

et

macio,blictricatus {latricatus,

Spornynge, or spurnjTige.
citracio.

Cal-

COMM. Spryngyk', or growyii'. Spryngyn', as a welle,

scateo, cath. scaturiso.

Cresco.

Scaturio,

Spoort, or
(Spot,
p.)

solas.

Solacium.
labes.

MacuJa,

Spottyd.
Spotton'.
'

Macidatus. Maculo.

Spryngynge, or growynge (or waxyuge, supra,) of what so hyt

be.

Crescencia.

Sic.

Tlie correct reading sliould probably

siqyra, p. 122.

dysmembryn',
mastiff."
^
^

"

was

in great

be spoylyn, or dysmembryn. Compare danger to be spoiled by a great fierce

Life of Adam Martindale, Chetbam Soe. p. 180. "Blictrum, id est (yest) unde Vinum bibulit, aqua ebulit, cervisia blictrit." Ortus. The reading of the other MSS. and of Pynson's text is " sprawlyn." " I spralle, as a yonge thing doth tliat can nat well styrre, Je crosle. He spraulleth lyke a yonge padocke (gxnoinlle). I spraule with niy legges, struggell, Je me Jebats.'''' palsg. Forby gives Sprit, a pole to push a boat forward. A. S. Spreot, coatus. In some localities the TQ^d, juncus ardcnlatits, is called the Spret. " Sprette, for water men, Picq." " Contus est quoddam instrumentum longum quo piscatores pisces scrutantur in PALSG. aquis, et est genus teli quod ferrum non habet sed acutum cuspidem longum; pertica preacuta quam portant rustici loco Uaste, Compare a poll or a potte stycke." ortus. QUANTE, supra, p. 418, and whante, infra.

""

PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM.

471

Sprynoynge, of a welle or o]>ev Scatumcio waxynge watyr.

(scatebra, p.)

Stable, and a-bydyng yn malyce.

Pervicax, pertinax.

Stabulnesse,
it.

or

stedefastnesse.

(Spryte, or
ritus.)

spirite, k.

r.

Sjii-

Stabilitas, firmitas.

Sproutyn', or bimonyii' (spriintone or burione, h. p.)

Pululo.

Stabulnesse, yn a-bydynge wythe owte secynge (stabihiesse in Perabichnge in werke, p.)

severancia.

Spudde. Cultellus vilis. Spwyn', or brakyii' (or castyii', siqira.) Vomo, evomo, cath. Spw^ynge, or brakynge (or parbrakynge, sujira) Vomitus,evoiuitus. Spurnyn' (or wj^ucyn, p.) Calcitro (recalcitro, pedito, P.)

Stahulum. Stabul, for hors. Stabul kepar, or hors kepar.

Stabularius.

S(t)abelyn', or

make

stable
s.

and
p.)

stede (stable and stedfaste,

Stabilio, solido.

(Spurnynge,

k.

h.

p.

supra in
or
oJ)er

SPORN^^NGE.)

Sqwalteryn',
p.)

for

bete

cawsys (squaltryn or swaltiyn,

Sincopo, exalo.

Stablyn hors. Stabulo. Stabyly a-bydyii' wythe owte changynge (stabelyn, k. stablyu aud bydyng, s.) Persevero.
Stacke. Acervus, arconius. Stacke, or heep. Agger. Stacio. Stacyon. Stacyonere, or he fat sellythe
bokys.
c. F.

Sqware. Quachus. Sqwared. Quadratus.

Sqware

ston.

Tessera, tesseUa.

Quadro. Squarynge. Quadracio, conquaSquaryn'.

clracio.

Stacionarius, bibliopola,

Staffe.

Baculus, fustis.
JBalea,

Sq\yyar, gentylmami(sqwyer man, K. p. sqvy^er, h.) Armiger, scutifer.

Staffe slynge.

KYhw. fun6n (stage

dibalista, kylw'.

Stage, or stondynge
to stond on,
s.

vjs

Sqvyer, rewle (sqvy^er, h. sqvyyre, s.) Amussis, comm. et ug. v. in m. Cepa maris, Sqwylle, lierbe.
bulbus, c. F. (^cepanuris, p.)

a.)

Fala, merar.

machinalis, cath. machinis, UG.

V.
171

M.

Sqwyllare,
Lixa,
P.)
c. F.

dysche

wescheare.

Sudes, (or stulpe, infra). c. F. palus, CATH. paxillus, brit. Ti(Stakeryn, or stotyn, k. h.
tubo.)

Stake

Sqwynacye, sekenesse (sqwynsy,

Squ(in)ancia, gutturna.
or swyrtyl.

Stakeryn' or waueryfi' (stakelyn.

p.)

Sqwyrtyl,

Sifons,

c. f.

Vacillo.

sifon, UG. in sibilo.

Stakerynge, yn speche (or stamerynge, infra.)

Titubacio.^

Stabbe, or wownde of smytynge.

Stigma.

Stakerynge,
Stabilis,
lacio.

in

mevynge.

Vacil-

Stable, or stedefast.
firmus.
'

(Stakkto,
Tviubacio,

s.

a.)

Arconiso.

MS.

Compare stotynge,

infra.

CAMD. SOC.

3 p

472

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(stal

Stalle, be-forne a schoppe

a-foiTie, K.)

Stampyn'. Tero, pindo, catw. pilo.

Stalh/s, fercitlum,

Lib.

eqmvocorum.

(Stal of a qwere, k. p. Stallus.) Stalle, of beestys stondjnge

Boscar,
buceturii,
c. f.

presepe, presepium,

ug. v. in v.

Stampynge. Tritiira. Stanmarche, herbe (stammarche, Macedonia, Alexandria. p.) Stapylle of a schyttynge (stapul, K.) Stapellum, kylw. Stare, or segge (or cegge, sxrpra.)
Carix,
c. f.

Stale, of fowlynge or byrdys takynge. Stacionaria, c. f. Stale, as drynke. Defecatus, c. f. merax, cath. Stalyn', or make stale drynke.
Defeco.

Starche,

Stihium, for kyrcheys. CATH. gersa.^ Staryn', wythe brode eyne (iyen, Patentihus oculis resincere. p.) Staryn', or schynyii',4 and glyderyn'.

Stalyone, hors.
cath.

Emissariii.s,

Niteo, rutilo.

Starynge, brode lokynge.

tcntacio oculonim.
k. softely,

Pa-

Stalke. Calamus. Stalkyn' (or gon softe,

s.

Starynge, or schynynge, as gaye

thyngys.
nitidus,

Serpo, CATH. c. f. et ug. cla{m)culo, et clanculo, kylw.

A.)i

Rutilans, rutilus,
styflfe,

c. f.

Stallyn'
C. F."

prelatys.
or soft

Intronizo,
sly

Stark

(or

infra.)

Rigidus,

Stalkynge,

and

goynge.
H. A. p.)

Serptmri, cath. STAv>-URTHY(stalworthy,

s.

idem quod stronge, infra. Stamerynge, yn sj^eche, idem quod STAKERl^XGE, SUpirC. (Stamerynge, in goyng, idem quod stakerynge, k. waveryng, h.) Stamyn, clothe. Stamina, dicc. linistema, cath. et ug. in lenin.
'

UG. in rigeo, artus. Starkenesse (or styfnesse, infra.) Rigor, rigiditas, artitudo. Sterlynge, bryd. Sturnus. Status. State. Stature of heythe. Statura. Statutum. Statute.
c. . et

Staunchegreyne,
Planula, necc.

for

wrytarys.-''

Staunche
(stangno,

bloode.
s.

Stanno,

c. f.

a. p.)

In the ;\IS. Arconizo oceurs here; probably an error, and properly belonging to STAKKYN, (see that verb, snpra,) accidentally oraitted by the second hand. ^ Here follovvs, in the Winchester MS., "ZTfc statela, J^e standard." Palsgrave gives " I stallce, I go softly and make great strides, Je vas a rjrans pas; He stalketh lyke
a crane."
* Sersa, MS. Gersa, K. s. p. See the Catholicon, and Ducange, v. Gersa, explained in the Ortus as signifying "Blatea, bleclie." Palsgrave gives " Starche for \a.\vr\e,folle Jlevr.'''' In Sloane MS, 3548, f. 102, is the foliowing recipe, " Ad faciendum starehing, -R. quantitatem furfuris et buUias in aqua munda et stet per iii. dies vel plus donec sit aqua amara vel acetosa; tunc exprime aquam de furfure et in claro ejus immerge tuum panniim, s. sindonem, bokeram, vel carde, aut aliud quod vis, et postea sicca et cum lapide lenifica," that is, polish the surface with a slekystonc. See that word, supra, p. 458. * SehydyiT, MS. In the other MSS. and in Pynson's text, Schynyn. * Palsgrave gives " Staunche greyne, an herbe," but the substance here intended seems to have been a composition iised hy tlio medireval scribe, possibly likc pouncc, in pre-

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOUUM.

473
Restito, c. v. obsto

Staunche wrethe, and make

Pacijico, sedo.

pees.

gate,

s.

A.)

(^resto, 8. p.)

STAUNCHYNGE,orsecynge(sessingc,
P. lessiuge, J.)

Cessacio.

Staunchyxge

of blode.
set

Cedacio,

staijnacio, c. F.

vj) (of steying Ascensus, scansile. Gradus.) (Steyle, or stcyre, p. Steyke. Carbonella, frixa, ug.

Steyle, or steyynge
up, K.)

Staunchon, to
horne.

yn an ynke
Stacio,

assa.

Foindus.^ Stathe,2 wateiys syde. cath.

Steyynge
ascensus.

(up,

K.

p.)

Scansio,

Steynyd.

Polimitus.

Stede, place. Situs. Steede, hors. Dextrxrrius, gradarius, sonipes, cath. et UG.

Stedfaste (or
firrnus.

stable.)

Stahilis,

Stedefastnesse
K.)

(or stabylnesse,

Steynyn', or stenyyii', as clothe ]jat lesythe hys colowre. Fuco, proprie in tertia persona tantum, COMM. Steynyn', as steynyowrys. Polo, cath.

Stabilitas, firmitas.

Stedefastnesse, wythe owte any chaungynge or secynge. Ferseverancia.

Steynynge. Polimitacio. Stenyowre. Polimitarius, cath. Steneyynge, lesynge of colowre

(steynynge, k. p.) Fucacio, CATH. infuco. Steel, metel. Calibs, cath. Stele, or stert of a vesselle. Ansa. Stelyn'. Furor, latrocinor.
'

Stedefastnesse, or stylle stondynge yn wyckydnes, wythe owte wylle of chaungynge. Ohstinacia, induracio.

(Stedulle, of wevynge, infra in stodul. Telarium^ Stepfadyk.3 Victricus, c. f. (vel

intricus, A.) jJCttriaster, ug.

Stelynge, or stelthe (thefte, Furtum, latrociniwn. Stelyngly, or theefly (theftely,

Furtive, latrocinaliter. Steem, or lowe of fyre.

s.)

s.)

Steyvn' vp. Scando, ascendo. Steyyn' or steppyii of gate (stopppi, K. h.

p.

Flamma.
Vapor.

styntyn or cesyn of

Steem, of hothe lycure. Stemyn', or lowyii' vp.

Flammo.

paring the smoothed surface of parchnient. It was thus made: "To makestounchegrey. Take kyddys blode and calke and medle hem to-gedyr, and make ballys tlierof and bake hem in a novyn, and sel a pece for iiij.d." Sloane MS. 3548, f. 18 b. The following is from another MS. in the same collection, 2584. f. 10 " For to make staunoliegi-eine.
:

Take quyclve lyme and floure of wlieto, of iche eliche moche, and the thride part of rosyn, and tempere hem to gidre with the white of an ey or witli gote mylkc, or ellcs witli cowe mylke, and make it ryjt thicke, and tempere it to gidere til it be soft as past, and than make smalle balles therof and drie hem atte the sonne, and when it is dried hit wele
serve."
"2^0/7^/2, i.e. bursascriptorum.'" ORTUS. " C?(m>v'(!, anynkhorneor astaunchere." MED. MS. CANT. " Staunclion, a proppe, csfancon." palsg. ^ Stache, MS. and s. staye, K. statlie, H. a. p. At Lynn are quays called " Common
'

Staith,"
^

"'

King''^ Staith," &c.; the naine occurs frequcntly iu Norfolk.

A.S.

StSBth, litlus.

This

wwd

was evidently written steffadyk, by

tlie first

hand.

474

PROMPTORIUJI PARVULORUM.

Stemyxge, or leemyBge of fyyr. Flammucio. Stemyne, or stodul, or stotlie th a webbyshonde (stemvne of clothe, K. p. in a webbys eend,
Forago,c.v. ( Fers t/s,fodder forago, Ivst cUcitur esse farago,
s.)'

Stepyd (or stept,

lycure.

p. j.) in

watyr or

Infusus, iUicpuitus. Stepyn', yn water or oper lycure.

Infundo, iUiqueo, cath.

Stepynge,

}ti

lycure.

Infusio,

iUiqueario.

Stepnesse, or sydenesse^ of

s.)

Stexte, or certeyne of valwe, or di-ede, and o]>er lyke (of value or

Taxacio. Stextyd. Taxatvs. Steppe, of a fote. Vestigium. Steepe, nowt lowe. Elevatus, ascendens. Stepbrothyr (of the fadyrs syde,
dette, s.)
6.

Elevacio. roof (stopnesse, p.) Steppyn' oyjy a thynge. Clunico.

CampanUe. Stepulle. Step, where a mast stant yn a Parastica, c. f. schyjjpe. Sterbe.3 SteUa, sidus. Sterre slyme.4 Assub, c. f. Mocio, motus, comSterynge.
mocio.

Victrigemis.)

(Stepbroder, on the moderys syd,

s.

Novercatus.)

Sterysmann, of a schyppe. Reniex. Sterne, of a schyppe. Puppis, c. f. Sterne, or di-edeful in syghte.

Terribiiis,
Ji

Stepsystyr. (^Victrigena, s. a.) (Stepsyster, on the modyrs syde,

s.

orribiUs.

Sterne, or stobm-ne (or styburne,

infra.)

Novercata.)
c. f. et

Austerus, ferox.

Stepsoxe. Prevignus,

ug.

in 2>ridem, et neos, filiaster, c. f.

Stepdowter.
UG. filiastra.

Prevignia,

c. f. et

Stepfadyr, idem quod steffadyr,

supra.

Stert, of an appiJl or o])er frute. Pediculus, c. F. et cath. Stert, of a handylle of a vesseL Ansa, c. F. Stert, of a plowe (or plowstert,
supra.)
Stina,
c. f.

Stepmodyr.
cath.
'

Noverca, matertera,

Steruyn',
supra.

idem quod deyyn',

and schrede, p. 44S. " Forago, a lyste of " Staniyne, e6'to'/;it;ie." palsg. a webhe.''' ortus. ^ Sydenedde, MS. or sydeuedde The true reading is, however, probably found (?). in the otlier MSS. Sydnesse, S. A. In the note on syyd, p. 45, it has been stated that, as Bishop Kennett observes, in some dialeets " Side " signities high, as a house or a hill, and, metaphorically, a haughty person is said to be " side." * Sterere, MS. * " Sterre slyme, li/mas." palsg. " Assub, Angl. slyme vel quedam terra." ortus. " Asub, i.e. galaxia, Senderung der Stern. Galaxia, Sternenferbung oder Reinigung." Rulandus, Lexicon Alchemice. Lat. Germ. The singular jelly frequently found after rain is doubtless here intended; the Treiaella nostoc, popularly called star-shot or star-jelly, and

Compare lyyst

of clothe, supra, p. 307;

supposed to be the recrement of the meteors called fallen stars. See Morton, Xat. Hist. Northants, pp. 353, 356; Dr. Merret's Pt/irta:, p. 219; Pennant,ZooI. vol. ii. p. 453; Brand, " Spittle of the Starres " may be alluded Pop. Antiqu. under "Will with a wisp." This
to in the

foUowing

lines

'
'

The speris craketh swithe thikke, So doth on hegge sterre stike." K.

Alis.

4437.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Stervynge, or deyynge.
exjyiracio.

475

3Iors,

Stykkynge, or tukkynge vp of
clotliys.3

Suffarcinatio,

cath.

Stevene, propyrname. Stephanus. Sty, by pathe. Semita, callis,

CATH.
traho.
orhita,

(succincio, P.)

Stykynge, or festynge
nyngeoffestnynge,
fixura.

to (styke-

trames,

UG.

in

p.)

Conjixio,

Sty, swynce cote (swynys howns,

K.

Stykynge
p.

in beestes (of beests, k.

swyn

cote,

s.

styy,

swynnen

or beestys sleynge, s.)

Stillatorium.

Ju-

cote, A.)

Ara, cath. porcariwn.

gulacio.

Styanye
eye.i

s.) yn the Egilopa, ug. in egle {Egilop)am curat quisquts com-

(or a perle,

Styllatory. Style, where

men gon over. Scankylw.

sillum, scansile, scanilhim,

mescitat illam,

s.)

Styburne, or stoburne (or

supra.)
citas.

sterne,

Austerus, ferox.
Austeritas, ferosycle.

Style, forme of indytynge, or spekynge or wrytynge. Stilus. Silens, Stylle, nott spekynge.
tacitus.

Styburnesse.

Styche, peyiie on fe
UG. V. in T.

Telum,

Stylle, in pes and reste. Quietus. Stylle, wythe-owte mevynge.

Styllyn',
mitigo.

Styffe, or starke. Rigidus, c. f. Styffe, or stronge. Fortis, robustus.

Tranquillus. or pesyn.'.

Pacifico,

Styfly,
rohuste.

or

strongly.

Fortiter,

Styllyn', or stylle waterys. Stillo, instillo, CATH. {constillo, v.) Stylnesse, nowt spekynge (with

Styfnesse, or starkenesse.
giditas, rigor.

Ris.

owtyn speche,
silencium.

k.)

Taciturnitas,
Quies, quie-

(Styfnes, or strenthe,
Fortitudo, robur.)

k. h.

a.

Stylnesse, in pees.
tudo, K.

Stykke. Ligniculum. (Stikkyd vp, p. Succinctus.) Stykelynge, fysche.2 Silurus,

gamarus, s.) Stykyn', or festyiT a thynge to a
(^stingus, k.

Stylnesse,

wytheowt

mevynge.

Tranqui/litas.

walle or a nojjer j^ynge, wha so hyt be. Figo, affi,go, glutino. Jugulo. Stykyn', or sleii. Stykkyn', or tukkyii' vp cloj^ys (stichynup clotys, k.) Suffurcino,
'

Stylte. Calepodium, lignip^odium. Stirnulo, pungo. StyngyS'. Stynk. Fetor, oletum, cath. Stynke, of fowle feet. Pedor.
QTY^SKKYii'. Feteo,oleo,puteo,cATH.

Stynkynge, or

full of

stynk. Feti-

dus, put7'idus, imtibundus.

cath. in farcino, succingo.

Styntyn'4 of werlcynge or mevynge. Pauso, desisto, subsisto.

Compare peerle yn the eye, glaucoina, supra, p. 394. " Siiurus, a lytell fysshe." ORTUS. Fylthe, MS., fyche, a. 3 Sir Amis having lost his horsc was obliged to go on foot; " ful careful was that he stiked vp his lappes," and trudged off on his journey. Amis and Amil. v. 988. knight, * Styntyn or werkynge, MS. The true reading seems to be " of " as MS, s.
2

476

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Stobul, or holmc (hahne, k.
Stijnda.
s.

Styntyn' ov make a thyuge to secjii' of hys werke or mevynge.

Obsto,
c. F.

a. p.)

Styntynge, or lesyngei (styntynggys or cesyng, a. sesyng, k. sesinge, p.) Pausacw, descistencia.

(Stoburne, or sterne, idem quod styburne.) Stodyyn'. Studeo, cath. Stothe, of a clothe (stode of cloth, K. p.) Forago, c. f. et ug. in
foris.

St(y)ryn' or mevyii'. Moveo. Styryn', to goode or backle. Excito, incito, sollicito.

Stodul, or
Telarium.
Stonyyn',-''

stedidle, of

wevynge.

Styryn'

or mevyii' wythe plesannte tokenys, pat ys cleiiyd

smekynge
sawnce, k.

(mevyn
s.

mth

ple-

Styrynge.
cio.

Blandior. Motus, commocio, moh. p.)

p.)

or stoynyii' mannys Attono, cath. iii tono, stnpefacio, percello, cath. Stonyyn, or brese werkys. Briso,

wytte.

Stokke.
Jucath.

CATH. quatio. Truncus,

bes, c. F. et

stipes.

Stykk, neet (or hecfer,

venca.

Stokke dowe.
Stokfysche.

Palumba, palumcomm. palurnbis, uo.

Strimidus, [?] ypo-

Styrop.
et

Strejxi,

scansile,

KYLW.

fungia, {fungus, p.)

Styrt, or lytyl whyle (lytyl qwyle,

a.)

Stokkyd, yn stolvkys. Cip(p)atus.

Stokkyn', or
Cippo.
settyfi

Momentum.
As-

in stokkys.

Saltus. Styrte, or skyppe. Styrte, of sodeynemevynge.

sultus.

Stokkys, of prisonment.
cath. nervus, cath. Stool. Scahellum. Stole. Stola. Stomak. Stomachus.

Cippus,

Styrtyl, or hasty. Pi^eceps.Styrtyn', or sodenly mevyn'. Impeto.

Styrtyn', or skyppyfr. Salto. Styrtyn', or brnntoii', or sodeiily comyn' a-jen a enmy (stirtyn sodeynly in an enmy, k., br make abreyde or a saute on a man, Insilio, irruo, cath. p.) Stythe, smythys instrument. InCUS, CATH.

Stomelare. Cespitator. Stomelyn'. Cespito. Stomelynge. Cespitacio.

Stone. Petra, lapis. Stone, yn a mannys bleddyr. Calculus, et inde calculosus ipui
titur calculum.

pa-

(Ston, in mannys pryui membre,

K.

Styward.
'

Senescallus.

Testiculus.)

Possibly an error for sesynge, as appears by the other MSS. and p. Presepe, MS. which signifies a manger or erib, and is probably an error for precejys, the reading in MS. s. preseps, a. Comparc schyttylle or hasty, irreceps, p. 447. ^ Tliis and the following word, wliicli oceur in the verbs between stodyyn and stokkyn, may have been written by the first hand stdyny.n'. Compare astoynyn, supra, p. 16; also a-stoyned and a-stoynynge, ibid. Stonyynge will be found liifra iu its truc placc in alphabetical arrangement.
Sic.
'^

PROMPTORIUJt PARVULORUM.

477

Stonare,

or

he

])at

stonytlie

(stonard, k.)

Stonrowe. Stoncroppe,

Lapidator. ArcuJ>a(U)sta^ kylw.

lierbe.

Stoppell, of a bottel or o])er like. Ducillus, cath. in ductilis, docillus, ductileus, c. F.

Crasmla

minor, et de hoc nota svpra in orpyn'.

Stoppyd. Obstructus. Stoppyn' a pytte or an hole. Ojnlo,

obstruo, obturo.

Stonde
stoonde

vessel

(ston
a.)i
\.

vessel,

k.

vessel,

Futitla,
cisternula,

cumula (cunula,
CATH. futis, p.) Stondyn'. Sto.

Stoppyn', or wythe stondynge a beest of goynge or rennynge.^ Sisto, cath. obsto, UG. (obsisto, p.)

Stondyn' stedfastly
nesse.

in

wykkydne

Obstino, cath.
nojjer

Stoppynge. Obstruccio. Stoor, or puiTyaunce (store, p.) Staurum. Stoor, or hard or boystows (store,
K.)3
K. A.)*

Stondynge,
walkynge.

syttynge

Austerus, rigidus.
(stroblare,

Status, cath.

Stoblare, or troblare

Stondynge
stondyn.

where Stacio, cath.

place,
ful of stonys.

mcn
LapiLapi-

Stony, or
Stonyn', or
deus.

dosus, petrosus.

Perturbator. Story. Historia. Stork, byrd or fowle. Ciconia. Storm, wedyr. Nimbns, c. f. procella, altanus, c. f.

made

of stone.

Stonyn' pott or
Stonyn'.

ojjer wessel.

La-

^nsta, CATH. et uo. in laos.

Lapido.
of

Stonynge. Lapidacio. Stonyynge, or stoynynge

Storm, yn the see. Turbo. Storme, or schowre of reyne. Nimbus, cath. Storvun, or dede (storvyn, k. h. p. storvun or deed, a.) Mortuus.
Stot, hors.
Caballus.
blesus,

mannys

wytte.

Attonitus, pre-

Stotare. Tituballus, catu.

cellencia.

Stoppe, boket. Situla, cath. haustrum (inergus, cath. a. p.) Stoppe, vessel for mylkynge (for to mylke yn, s.) Ilultra, cath. mtdtrale, multnim.

cath. bcdbus, c. F. (Stothe yn a webbyshonde, supra in STEMYNE. Forago, c. f.) Stotyjj' (or stameryn, p.) Titubo, blcdero, cath. opico, cath. et c. f. (balbucio, cath. a. p.)

^' " Stonde a vessell, they have none " (namely the French). palsg. ' Cisternula, a " 1'ine, tinne, a stand, open tub, or soe, most in use during the time of stande." ortus. vintage, and holding about foure or five paile-fulls, and commoiily borne, by a -stang, between two." cotg. " A stand (for Ale), 7"'/'." sherw.

^ ^

disseure;

" Stournesse, Estourp. 42. niake sture or rude, Jarudijs; this rubbynge of your gowne agaynst tho walle wyll make it sture to the syght, larudyra, &c." pai,sg. In Arund. MS 42, f. 25, bitter almonds are called " stoure stowro almandes;" and mention is made of the " stowrhede " of mulberries, ibid. f. 64 b. * See also sturbelare, sturbelyn, &c., infra. This word may have becn hero written storblare by tlie first hand.

Compare geynecowpyn, supra, p. 189. Compare boystows, and boystows garment, &c. supra,
Stowre of conversacyon, Estourdy;
I

478
Stotynge.1
Titubatus,
f., p.)

PROMPTOEIUM PARVULORUM.
titubacio,

Stowte, stm'dy or vubnxum.

bellis.

Re-

(balbutacio, c.

Stowe,
ij.

sti-eytlie

walljs

or

passage be-t^x hedgjs (stowwe,

Inter-

Stowtnesse, or streng(t)he. Robiir. Stowtnesse, or vnbuxumnesse.

Rebellio.

streyt passage, &c. a.)

Capcdo, CATH.

Stoye,2 of a howse (stoye, postis,

K. stothe or
A.)

Stowyn',
colloco.

or
s.

(clowchyn,

cowche to-gedyr chowche, a.) Loco,

post,

h.

p.

sto]e,

PoSticuIuS, JJOStuluS, CATH.

Stowyn', or charyiiageyue cowpyu, idem quod stoppyn' (or gayne

cowjjyu,
s.

or

Avith

stond,

H.

stowen chasyn ageyne or geyncowpyn, p.) Stowyn', or waiyii', or besettyii,

as uien don moneye or chaffer (bewaryn, p.) Commuto {exsj^endo, committo,
s.

p.)

stipatuni., coMM. Stragyn'. Patento, strigio, kylw. St(r)agyng.3 Patentacio. Stray, or a-stray. Vagacio, 2^(ilacio, CATH. Stray beest \&i goethe a-stray. Vagula, cath. Strayyn', or gon a-stray. Palo, cath. vagor, c. f. Strayle, bed clothe.'* Stamina,

Stowy-nge, or yn dede puttyuge

(in stede piittiuge, k.
s.

Dicc. stragula.

a. p.)

Locacio, coUocacio. S^T^o^vwY^NGE, or a-geyue cowpyuge or chargyuge (charyuge, s. A. stowynge or ageyne chasinge,
p.)

(STRAMAGE0rSTROWYNGE,eH/ra,P.) Strangelyn'. Suffoco, strangulo,

prefoco,
c. f.

Obsistencia, resistencia.
(or bowen, p.)

STRAPLE,of a breche( strappyl, k.)^ Fcmorale, catb.. femincde, c. f. Strawe, or stree. Stramen.

Stowpyn'
incurvo.

Liclino,

Strawbery.
K.

Fragum.
(strawberytre,

Strawbery wyse,

Stowpynge. Inclinacio. Stowt, or stronge. Robustus.

'

strawbe wyse, h. strawbyry Fragus. vyse, s.)6

p. 471.
A.

Compare stakerynge yn speche, supra,

Sic.

'^

Probably written STOJ^E by

tlie first

hand, as JIS.

A. S. Styth, stuth, a post,

pillar.

^
*

le jour et In ^e Exstragulom, couverturc de nuit, housse, courte-pointe." 2}Osicio verborum difficilivm, MS. formerly in Chalmers's Library, we find also " Tragulus, i. parvum tragum quo utuntur monachi in loco camisie et lintheaminum, AngUce, strayles." Siraffula, however, whenee this term seems derived, usually occur amongst bed-coverings. In the Compotns on the death of William Exeetre, abbot of Bury, 1429, preserved in the Register of William Curteys his successor, there occur under Camera, Garderoha, &c. " Bankeris, linth', hedschet/ item iv. paria de strayles item ij. pariadestraylis cum The Medulla explains " stragala, burelle, ray clothe, mottely ; stragusigno scaccarii." lum, id. or a strayle." * " t>e strapils of Breke, trihraca., femeralia.''^ CATH. ang. Probably a kind of braees for nether garments. ^ "i^?rt^?tv, a strabery tre." ortus. " straberi wythe,/r(;MS." cath. ang. InArundel " Fragra is calde MS. 272, f. 48, we find the following account of the strawberry plant

Stragynge iu tbe other MSS. and in p. Compare strydynge, infi-a. Lacombe gives the old French " Strcvjale, sorte d^habit dont on se couvroit
du mot
latin,

la nuit,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Straunge. Extraneiis. Strawngenesse. Extraneitas. Straungere. ExtraneuSj extraadvena, alienigena. St(r)awngere, of a-no]>er lond.
nea.1

479
Hostorium, c. cath. et oomm.
f.

or other lyke.
vel hostiorium,

Streek, of flax. (Linipulus, kylw.

A. p.)

Altellus, c. F.

Strekyn' or make pleyne. plano (plano, levigo, p.)

Com-

(Stre, siipra in strawe, p.) Streykyn' owte, Protendo, extendo.

Streykynge,

01-

spredynge owute
;

(or beyk}^ige, supra

K. stiikynge onte, p.)

strekyng, Extencio,
k.
s.

St^r^ekyn', or streke mesure, as buschellys and o])er lyke( make playne by mesure, as busshell, &C. P.) Hostio, CATH. UG. Ct 0. F. Strekyn', as menn do cattys, or
hors or howndys (strekin or stroIdn, p.) Pahnito, kylw. Strekyn', or cancellyii' a thynge wr)i:,yii' (cancellen a fals wi'itinge, p.) Cancello, cath. obelo. Strykyn', or smytyn', supra. Streeme, of watur. Decursus,
Jluentum,
c.

protencio.

StreymynV
Streymyn',

(streynyn,

p.)

Stringo, astringo, constringo.

or stresse gretely (streynyn, k. s. p.) Distringo. or

Streynynge,

constrepiynge
s.)

(sti-yvynge or constreynynge,
Constriccio, astriccio.

F.fluxus, rivus.

Stremere,
fane,
s. a.

of
p.)2

fane

Streythe

(streyt, a.

streight, p.)

(stremer or Cherucus, cath.

Strictus, angustus, artus.

Strenyowre
conlatorium,

Streytenesse.

Strictura,

(streynour, p.) Cocolatus, (constricto-

striccio, artitudo.

rium, p.)

Streytyn', or make streyte. Arto.

Strenkyl, halywater styk. Aspersorium, isopus.

(Streytynge, or
Constriccio.)

stresse,

infra.

Strenkelyd, or sprenkelyd
kled, p.)

(stren-

Streke, or longe drawthe (di'aught,

p.)

Protractio.

Aspersus. (STRENKELYN,or sprcnkelyn, k.h.s.

Asp)ergo.)

Strek, or poynt be-twyx ij. clausys yn a boke (poyntinge of ij.

clauses,
s.

Strenkelynge, or sprenkelynge.
Aspersio.

w.)

Liminiscus,

c. f.

Strek, of a mesure as of a buschel

strobery wyse or freycer, hit
and.
is

Strengthe

(strenthe,

k.

stren-

webbys

in eyene

and

Amongst
"
to

ingredients for

comyne ynoghe. The vertu therof is to hele blerede eyene gude to hele woundys. It growythe in wodys and cleuys." making a Drink of Antioch, Sloane MS. 100, f. 21 b. occurs
hit is

A. S. Wisan, planturia. A dish of Frasa> cost 4d. in 1265, according an item in the Household Book of the Countess of Leicester, edited for the Roxb. Club. Sic. There appcars to be an error here by the second hand, and also in the word following these words should probably read streynyn. '' I strayne vvith the hand, / estraynys; I strayne as a liauke doth, or any syche lyke fowlc or bcest in tlieyr clawes. Were a good glove I reede you, for your hauke straynetli harde, grippe fort ; I strayne courteysie, as one doeth that is nyce faire trop le cov.rtois.'''' palSG. ^ " Cherucus, the fane of the mast, or of avayle (Psayle), quia secundiim ventummovetur." ORTUS. " Stremar, a baner, Estandart.'''' palsg.
streberiwise."
'

camd. SOC.

3 Q

480
kyth,
s.)

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Fortitudo, vujor^ robur,

{potencia, a. p.) Strengthyn', or

Stryvyn', pletynge. Discepto. (Stry'uy'nge, supra in strife, p.)

make

stronge
ro-

(strenthyn,
boro, vigoro.

k.)

Fortifico,

Strykyn' heedys. Affulo, ug. etc. f. Strogolyn' (strobelyn, k. or toggyii, infra).

Colluctor.

Stresse, or streytjnge.
cio, constrictura.

Constric-

Strogelynge
Colluctacio.

(strokelynge, h. p.)

Stkesse, or wed take be strengthe and vyolence. Vadimonium. Strete. Vicus, strata, c. f. et

Stroy',
A. p.)

or dystroyare (stroye, k.
Destj-uctor,

dissipator,

dissipatrix.

KYLW. (platea, p.) Streete catchepol bok

Stroke.
to gader
{ol-

Ictus, lyercussura {p)er-

cussio, p.)

by mercymentys.i Stryde. Clunicatus, kylw.

mucatus,
s.)

Stronde, or see banke.

Litus.

Stronge
supra.)

(or stalwarthy, or styffe,

Fortis,potens, robustus,

Strydyn' (or

a thynge, siipra.) Clunico, ky'lw. jyatento, strigio, kylw. Vide (

steppyii

ovyr

validus.

STROwYN'HowsYs,or florys. Sterno. Strowyn' a-brode, or scateryfi'.

Spergo.

supra in stragyn, k. p.) Stry^dynge. Patentacio, stragiatvs, pantagium, kylw. Stry'fe (or stryuyuge, p.) Contencio, lis, rixa, jxirgium, litigium.

Stry^nge. Cordula, instita,funiculus {corda, p.) Stry^pe, or schorynge wythe a baleys (or wale, infra ; scorgynge, s.) Vibex, CATH. Strypyn', or streppyii, or make nakyd. Hudo, denudo. Stryppynge, or makynge [nakyd ?] (strypynge or nakynge, k.
s.

Strowyn', or lyteryii'. Stramino, kylw. Strowy'nge, or mater to sti'owe wythe (to be strowyd, k. strowynge or stramage, h. p.) Stramentum, cath. {stramagium, p.) Strowynge, or dede of strowynge.
Sternicio.

Strowpe, of the
tus, c. F.

throte.-

Ep>igIo-

Strowtyn', or bocyii owte (bowtyn, s.)

Turgeo, cath.

St(r)owtynge, nominaliter. Turgor, CATH. turgi{di)tas, cath. Strowty^nge, adjective. Turgidus. Strowtyngly^, or astm-t (strowtynge or strowte, a-sti'owt, a.
astrut, p.)

A. p.)

Denudacio.

Stry'var. Litigator, rixator, contentor, jurgator, contentrix. Stryvyn'. Confendo, litigo, rixor, jurgor.
'

Turgide.

or pety-seriawnte, avgarim, p. 58, and mercyment, mtdta, p. 333. Sonie street directory or roll of inhabitants seems to be here inteuded, whereby the niediceval poliee niight colleet amerciameiits, and whieli may have hcen familiarly designated, " The Street Catchpoll." This word is notfound in MS. K. In s. we read Strete

Uompare cacchepolle

cacchpolle boke to gedyr by mercymentys. Streete catchepollys book to In MS. A. gadir by mercymentys (no Latin.) vacat in coi)' marginal note. 2 In Norfolk, aceording to Forby, the gullet or windpipe is still called the Stroop. Isl. strapa, r/uttc.r. " Ejiiylotvm, a throte boll." ORTCS.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Strumpet.
L/upa., meretrix, scorta,

481

lena, jielex, c. f.

Stuwyn' mete (stuyn, k.) Stupho. Stuwyx menn', or bathyii' (stuyn

in a stw, K.)

(StubbyIvL, k. h. p. 01- stobul, or holme, supra. Stipvla.)

Balneo.
stro-

Sturbelare, or tm-belare (or

blare, stipra,
blar, p.)

(Studdul,

h. studdyll, p. or stodul,

sturblar or trowturbelyfi' (troblyn,

or stedulle, supra.

Telarium.)
(ste^ve,

Turbator, turbatrix.

Stwe, fysche ponde

h.)

Sturbelyn', or
p.)

Vivarium, cath. Stwe, bathe. Stupha, tenne, UG.

Stuffe, or stuffure. Staurum, CATH. instauracio. Stuffyd wythe stoore. Tnstauratus. Stuffyd, or fylt^ and fulle stoppyd (fyllyd or ful stoppyd, s. a.) Refertus,farcitus, cath. farcinatus.

Conturbo, turbo,j)erturbo. (Stureelynge, or turbelynge, k. sturblinge or troublynge, p. Turbacio, perturhacio.) Sturdy, rnbuxum. Rehellis, contumax, inobediens.

Sturdynesse.
Sturione, or

Rebellio,

inohe-

diencia, contumacia.

Stuffyjj, or

fyllyii'.

Replco,

cle-

sturiowne,
et

fysche
or sto-

fercio, (instauro, p.)

Stugge, hoggys trowghe.

Sili-

(sturgyn, k. stimowne ryon, s.) Rumhus, c. f.

kylw.
sccyn.'.

quarium, porcorium, vel alveus porcorum.

Swagyn',

or

sum what

Mitifjo, levio, laxo, mulceo.

Stuk, short (stug, stukkid, schort,

Curtus, hrevis. Stuk, or schort gannent (stidckyd clotheK.)2 Nepticula,c.. (nepK.)
tula, s.)

Swagynge,

or secynge. Laxacio. of blood.

or

Swagynge
byng, A.)
^

Stagnacio.

Swablynge,

swaggynge (swab-

SwALE

Stuknesse. Brevitas, curtitas. Stulpe, or stake.3 Paxillus, c. f.

(or shadowe, p.) TJmbra, umhraculum, estiva, cath. vm-

hrosum,

c. f.

Stumlere

(or stomelare, supra.)

Swalteryn'
wnyn,
jiizo.

for

hete,
c.

or febylf.

Cespitator.

nesse, or other cawsys (or swop.)

Stummelyn'. Cespito. Stummelyn', or hurtelyii' a-jen a

stole,

Exalo,
or

sinco-

or clogge,
s.)

(ajenastoke,
'

or oj^er lyke Impingo, cath.

Swalterynge,
Sincopa

swownynge.

(yel extasis, s.)

Stumlynge. Cespitacio. Stumpe, of a tree hewyn don.

Surcus, cath.
'

Swalowe, bryde. Irundo. Swanne, bryd. Cignus, olor,

et

c. f.

UG. in olon.
stoppyd also should pos-

sibly
*

In MS. be read

wliich seems stofiyd.

sylt,

to

be an error by the second hand

Compare scuT, garment, nepticula i also schort or stukkyd garment, supra. ' Compare pale for w-ynys, Paxillus. In Norfolk, according to ForI)y, a low post put down to mark a boundary or give support to something is called a Stulp. Su.-goth. Stolpe, caadex. Fahyan states, iu his account of Cade^s rebellion, that he drew the citizens back from " the Stulpes " in Southwark, or Bridge's foot, to the drawbridge, &c. Hall, under 4 Hen. VI. mentions likewise the " Stulpes" at London Bridge next Southwark, where there was a chain hy wliich thc wny might be barred.

482
SwAP, or stroke
Ictus.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(or sweype, infra.)

SwELLYNGE,

SwARDE,

or sworde of flesclie Coriana. (swad or swarde, s.)i

e er))e, infra in turfe.)
k.

or bolnynge. Tumor. Swelnyn',3 orbolnyii' (swellyn, k. s.p.) Tumeo, intumeo, intumesco.

(SwARDE of

(SwELTRYNGE, or swalteijuge, sup>ra, h. p. or swownynge, infra.

Sincopa.)

SwARME

(of ben,

been,

s.

p.)

Exainen.

SwELWHE,
been'.

of

water or of a
k.

Swarmyn', as

SwARMYNGE. SwARTE, of

Examino. Examinatus.
Sinopidus,
niger.

grownde (swelwe,
swelowe, p.)
p.)

swelth,

s.

colowre.

Vorago, c. f. Swelw^yn' (swellyn, k. swolowyn,

Glucio, deglucio, voro.

secundum phisicos, fuscus, SwARTNESSE. Fuscedo.

corne, h. p.)

SwATHE, of mowynge (swatbe

Falcidium.

of

Sw^elwyn' alle in. Absorheo. Swelwyn', wythe owte chowynge,

as tothles inenne. Ligurio, c. f.
et

Swathyn' chyldyi". i^rtsc20,CATH.UG.

CATH.

SwATHYNGE

Fascinatio, vel fasciacio, cath.

of chyldyi-. Suhstantia.

SwELWYY-NGE of mcte (swellpige of mete and diynke, k. p.) Decluticio, {deglucio, p.)

SuBSTAUNCE. SuBPRiowRE.
jyrior.

Suhprior, vel Sup-

SwEEM, of momynge (swemynge, or momynge, s. a.)* Tristicia,

molestia, meror.

SuBURBE, of a cyte or wallyd towne

(suburb or sowtlibarbys of cyte, K.) Suhurhium, suhurhanura.

(SwEMY^N, K.H. v.Molestor, mereo.) SwENGY'L, of a fleyle or o]?er lyke.^

Feritorium, kylw. trihulum, coMM. et CATH. et UG. V. in t. SwENGYL, for flax or hempe. Excudium, Dicc.

SuKLYNGE,

lierbe (suklinge or so-

Ivynge, h. or sucldnge herbe, p.)

Locusta. (or sodary, h. p.) Sudarium. (SwEYMOws, or skepnowse, supra. Abhonwiativus.)SwEYNE. Armiger.

SuDARYE

Swengyn', or schakyn', as menne done clothys and ojjer lyke.

(Excucio, A.) Swengy^n', and waweryii', infra in

SwEYPE,

or swappe (or strok, suAlapa. fra, swype, s.) SwEYPE, for a top, or scoorge.

WAVERYN. Swengynge. Excussio. SwEPARE. Scopator, scopatrix.

Swepyn'. Scopo, cath. Swepy^nge. Scopacio.

Flagellum.

(SwEPY'NGE of an howse,
]nlia.)

s.

Sco-

SwERARE.

Jurator, juratrix.

Forby gives Sward-pork, bacon cured in large flitches. A. S. Swserd, ctitis porcina. Compare Swamous, Craven dialect. 3 Tliis may possibly be read sweluyn, q. d. Swelwyn, or it may be only an error by the second hand for Swellyii. See bolnyn', sujjra, p. 43. " Sweam or swaim, sulitu agrotatlo." gouldm. Compare sweymowse, snpra. * See Forby, v. swingel. Compare fleyi-e, sw^ngyl, j>ra, p. 155. " Fentortum, a
'

battynge

staffe,

a batyll dur, or a betyll."

oetus.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM,
SwERARE,
Labro, Sweryn',
J)at

483

ofte

ys

forswore.

Sufferaunce,

c. f.

Sufferencia, tollerancia, paciencia.

SwERYNGE. SwERDE,!

Juro. Juracio.
Gladiiis,

Suffycyence, or ynow havynge

(suffisaunce, p,)
Sufficiencia.

nimphea,

splendona, cath, ensis. SwERD BERARE, Ensifer, CATH, spatarius, Gregorius in dialogis. SwERDE MAN, or hc Jjat vsythe a swerde, Gladiator, cath, Sweryn'. Juro. SwERYNGE. Juracio.

SuFFYCYENT, or y-now (inowe, inowugh, p.) Sufficiens.

k.

SuFFYR woo
tollero, fero.

or peyne,

Pacior,

Sufferyn', yn abydynge. Sino, CATH, siiffero, sustineo. Suffyzyn', or befi inowe (at nede, K, H. ben inoughe, p.) Sufficio.

SwETE, of maimys body

trauayle,

for hete or

Sudor.
o]jer

Suffragann. Suffraganus. (Suffrage, or helpe, k. p. Suffragium.) SuGGE,bryd. Curuca, cath. linosa.

Savete, for hete and (hete or travayle, UG, in suh, desudo,

k.)
c. f.

cawsys Sudo,

Swete, yn
Dulcis.

taste

and delycyowse.

SwYFTE. Agilis, velox, SwYFTELY. Alacriter,

agiliter.

alacer.
velociter,

Swetyn', or make a thynge swete

SwYFTENESSE,

Vclocitas, agiUtas.

mannys taste. Dulcoro. Swetynge, appulle. Malomellum,

to
c, F,

SwYCHE
Talis.

(swyhche, h, suche, p,)

hirius,

SwYYNE, Porcus,
of

cath,

et

SwETYNGE,
desudacio.

swecte.

Sudacio,

C, F,

SwYYNE kote, howse

Dulce(swinysty,
k.

for

swyyn
supra.)

SwETNEssE, yn tastynge.
do, didcor.

or

sty,

Ara, cath.

SwETNEssE, yn smellynge.
grancia.

Fras.)

SwYYNE HERD

SwETE sowND
MeloS, CATH,

(swcte songc,

SwETE souNDYNGE, or^

SwETE, of

ful of swete sownd. Melosus, catu. (j7ielus,v.)

flesche or fysche or ofer lyke (suet, due sillahe, p.) Li-

(swynshyrd, k.) Suhulcus, porcarius. SvYN, or piu-svyn' (or folwyn, k,) Persequor, insequor. Svyn', or folwyii'. Sequor. SuwYNGE, of folowynge of steppys (or sute, infra.) Sequela.

quamen, surnen,

c. f, et

kylw.

SwEVENE, SwEUENE,

or di'eme.

So^n^mium.

or slepe (swene or slep,

K.) Sompnus. Suffyrabyl. Tollerabilis, passibilis, suffera(bi)lis.

'

SmvY'NGE, or folowynge ^ yn maners and condycyons. Lnitacio. SvTOGE, or folwynge a sundry tymys (folwyng of tyme, k, folwyng of sundry tymes, a. suynge of tyme, p.) Successus. Swymmyn' yn water. Nato.
52, See also Roquefort, v,

Compare BRYGHTE swerde, Splendona,supra,p.

MS. fowlynge, MS, folwynge,

of ful of,

Lampian.

K.

s,

folowinge,

p.

484
St^-yxsy,

PROMPTORITJM PARVULORUM.
infirmyte.

Inguinaria^

SwoNGE,smal and long (orgawnte,

supra.)
Gi^aciUs.

giitturna.

SwYPYB, or delyvTi'. Agilis. SwYPYR, and sljdp", as a wey

SuKYR.
Lahilis. (slypyr as a wey, s.) Zvciira, dicc. vel sucura.

SwoBDE, idemquod swarde, supra. SwoBE BEOTHVB (swvre brodyr, s.

swome

brother, p.)

Confedeothe.
Jii-

ratus, CATH. confedustus, cath.

SuKYR PLATE. SuKYR CAXDY.

{candida,
s.)

Sucura ci^ustalis. Sucura cle Candia

SwoRYN, or chargyd be
ratus, adjuratus.

Swowyn' orsowndyn', asnewe

Locusta.
k.
soylle
tellus.

ale

SuKLYKGE, herbe, idem quod sokeLYSGE, snpra.

and other lycure (swownyn, k.)

SuLE erthe
erpe, a.)

(or soyle,

SowwYNGE,

Solum,

SoiDELE.
tulus.

Aliquantus,
fulle

aliquan-

Bulhio^ (hilhio, a. hilliso, p.) or sowndynge, as newe ale, lycure wyne, or ojjer (swowyng of lycour, or sunas ale and wyne, k. swoynge, &c. of newe ale, s. soundinge of ale or wyne, p.)

di'ynge
})e

SuMJiE,
(ful

of

nowmbyr,

k. p.)

nowmbyr Summa.

SuM, or sumwhat, or a part of a nowmyi- or a nojjer thynge (sume

party of a nowmyr, k.) Aliquis.

Bilbicio (billucio, p.)

Swownyn', or owmawtyii.
copo, sincopiso,
c. f.

Sin-

SuMNOWRE.

Citator.

Swo^vNYNGE

SuM TYME.

Literdum, olim, aliquando, quandoque, quondam.

Vicissim,alter-

SuMTYME a-monge.
natim.

(or swalteiTnge, supra.) Sincopis, c. f. Buppon'. Ceno. SuppYNGE. Cenacio, cenatus. SuppLE, or plyant. Siqyplex,
flexibilis, plicahilis.

SuM WHAT. Aliquid. SuxDAY. Dominica. SuxDRY, or dyuerce. Varius,

gulus.

sin-

SuppLUN, or make supple (softe,K.) (SupposYN, or soposyn, k. h.) SupposYNGE, or soposynge. Supjjosicio, estimacio.

SuxNE, planete. Sol, Fehus, c. f. velPlmhus secundum alios, c. f. SuxNE BEEM. Radius. Sux~N'E RYSE, or ijsynge of fe sunne (sunne ryst or lysing of
fe
suune,
a.)

SuRFET, or excesse. Excessus. Subfetyn' yn mete and diynke.

Crapulor.

Subfetyn', or forfetyn' yn trespace.

Forefacio, delinquo.

Ortus, fchella,

C. F.

(SuBGERAUNT,

K. H. sugynei', or a
s.)

SusTSE SETTYXGE, or downe. Occasus.

'

smme

gate

comynere,
conviva.-

"

Commensalis,

but ? more eorrectly Bilhio, or " hillo bibendo sonitum faeere." ORTUS. These two Latin words occur in the MS. and in MS. a. after Excessvs, under SURFET, being probably misplaced by the seeond hand, with the omission of the English tcrms to whieh they relate, which are found in the other MSS. Compare soiur.nau.nt (soioraunt, p.) commensaHs, supra, p, 463 and soiowRy.v, or go to boorde.
Sic,
"
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
SuRGERYE.
p.)
cilleo,

485

Cinirgia, cath. SuRiox, or surgen (surgyn leclie,

Cinirc/icits,
c. f.

Tabowre. Tabowre,

Timpanum.
for

fowlarys.2

Terri-

ug.

in

ficium, coMM.

cirigicus,

vel

cirugicus,

Tabowry(n).
Tachyn',
restyfi'.

Timpaniso.
a-tachyii'

UG. V. in M. aliptes,

c. f.

or

and

a-

SuRE MYLKE. Occigulum. SuRNAME. Cognomen (agno77ien,

SuRPLYCE.
Suiyerpelliciwn.

Ai^esto.

p.)

Tachynge, or a-restynge (reestyng,

A.)

Arestacio.

SuRVYOWRE.

Supervisor.

Siispectus. SusPECTE. SusPYCYON. Suspicio. SuspYCYOWSE. Susjnciosus. SpiraSusPYRAL, of a cundyte.

(SusTEYNYN,

culwn, CATH. vel suspiraculum. A. as metc, p. Sustento, sustineo.)

Tacle, or wepene. Armamentuvi. Cauda, dica. Tayle. Tayle, infra in taly.^ Caudatus. Taylyd, as bestys. Taylyn', or talyyn', iiifra. Accipio, Takyn', or receyvyn'.
sumo, capio, apprehendo, tollo, prendo, ug. suscipio. Takyn' a-wey. Aufero. Takyn' a-wey by strengthe and Extorqueo. vyolence. Take heed, or neme kepe. Asculto,

SusTEYNYN, or supportyii and vp

beiyii'.

SupjJorto.
p.)

SuTE, or pursute (pursuynge,

Insecucio, jiersecucio. SuTE, or suynge, or folowynge.

Seqtiela.

attendo, considero, intendo.

SuTE, or suynge yn maters and

cawsys.
Pi^osecucio.

Tabbard. Collohium, cath. et c. f. Tabernacle. Tabernaculum. Tabula, tahella, viensa Table.

;

Manucaj)io. Takyn', or delyueryfi a thynge to Trado. a-nother. Takyn', or betakyii' a thynge to Committo. a-nother. Takyn' on hande, Manuteneo. Takynge, or receyuynge. Accep-

Takyn' on hande.

{inensa est pauper^um

et

tabula

cio,

captura, suscepcio (capcio,

(or botun, h. p.)

divitum, K.)

Table, mete boord that ys borne a-wey whan' mete ys doon.

Cillaba, cath. et c. f.

Takke

Fibula,

KYLW. nascida, c. f. Takkyn', or some what sowyn'

fixula,

(Tabyll, to counte on, k.

Trapicetum.')

h.

p.

Tabler,! or table of pley or game.

Pirgus, cath.
'

to-gedur. consuo. Takkyn', or

Afiixido.

Sutulo,
festyii'

consutido,

to-gedur.

et

UG. v. in v.

From the french; Lacombe gives " Tallier, is.h\e de jeu de dames, ou damier." " Pyrgus, Anglice, a payre of tables or a ehecker." ORTUS. In the Liber vocatus Equua, by Joh. de Garlandia, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 114 b., the foUowing line occurs, with English " Pertica, scaccarium (checure) alea (tabelere) decius (dyee) quoque talus." glosses, Richard Bridesall of York bequeathed, in 1392, " unum tabeler cum le menyhe." Test.

Ebor.
2 3

small

Tytaly,

drum used MS.

in

fowling to rouse the game.

See tymbvr,

lytyl tabo^vre, infra.

486

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Tamyd, or a-tamyd as a
drpibe.
vessel of

Tal, or semely. Decens, elegans. Tale, of mannys spekynge. Narracio.

Attaminatiis, dicc.

Talent, or

lyste

(liist,

k.

s.

p.)i

Appetitus, delectacio.

Taly, or talye (taly or

tayle

tayle,

a.

of talinge,

p.)^

Talia,

tullia, c. F. dica, UG. v. in a. et

Tamyn', or make tame. Domo, CATH. domitO, KYLW. Tame, or attame vessellys wythe diynke or oj^er lykmys (tamyn or emptyn vessel with licour, k.) Attamino, dicc. depleo.

CATH.

apoca, UG. V. in A. antis.

Tamyxge

fro

wyyldenesse.

Do-

copa, CATH. (indica,

k.)
Chii-

mesticacio.

Talyage
dagia,

(or taske, infra.y

c. f.

Tamynge, or a-brocliynge of a
vessel of diynke (temynge, p.)

petagium.

Talyyd.
copatus.

Talliatus, dicatus, antiTallio,

AttaminaciG, deplecio.

Tannare, idem quod

supra in B.

barkare,

Talyyn, or scoryn' on taly.^

dico,

CATH.
Talliacio,

Tanggyl, or froward and angiy.

anticopaBilosus, c. F.felleus.

Talyynge.
cio,

anticopatus.
Scissor.

Tanny

colowre (tawny, p.)

Talyowre.
Talkyn'.

Taxkard.
Tannyn',
c. F.

Amphora.
or
barkyii.'

Fahulor, colloquor, con-

Frunio,

fabulor, seimocinor. Talkynge. Confabulacio, collocucio, colloquium.

Tanze, herbe (tansy,

k. p.)

Tana-

Tally, or semely and in semely

wyse.
Decenter, eleganter.
(talowe, p.) Ceposus.

Talwhe

Cepum.

setum domesticum, quia tanazetum silvestre dicitur gosys gresse, vel camerocbe. Tappe, of a vessel. Ductillus,
clipsidra (ducillus, k.)

Talwy. Talwyd. Cepatus. (Talwyn, a. talowyn, p. Sepo.) Tame. Domesticus, cath. Tamyd, or made tame. Domitus,
CATH. domesticatus.

Tapecer
tarius.

(tapesere,

k.^

Tape-

Tapet. Tapetum. Tapstare.5 Ducillaria, propinaria, clipsidraria, UG. in capio

Master Langfranc of Meleyn direets eentory to be " sethed wele in stale ale, and stamped; and the juce mixed with hony, whereof iij. sponfulle eten every day fasting shall Palsgrave gives " Talent do away the glet fro the herte, and cause good talent to mete.'" See Lacombe and Roquefort, v. Talant. or lust, taltiit.''' " Tayle of woode, taiUe de hoys. - Compare scortn talyys, su-pm, p. 450. Slytte this sticke in twayne, and make a payre of tayles." palsg. In the Northumberland Household Book it is directed to deliver to the baker " tlie stoke of the taill,'' and the " swache " or "swatche" to the pantler. So likewise in regard to beer, one part to be given to tlie brewer, the other to the butler. ^ Compare tol, or custome, Infra. Scoryn or taly, MS. An error doubtless by the second hand, corrected by the other MSS. scorj'n on tayle, k., on a taly, s. p. 5 It may deserve notice that in olden times the retailers of beer, and for the most part the brewers also, appear to have been femaies. In tbe note on Cukstoke, sv.pra, p. 107,

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
etiii

487

clipeo,bauca}-io, ug. in capio

s.)

(ganearia,

Targe, or chartyr. Carta, UG. Ta( r)get, or defence. Targea, dicc.

scutuni, ancile.

Taarte, bake mete

K.
p.)

(tart pasty,

Tarta,

dicc.

tartra,

COMM. Tasse, of corne,

7\issis, c. F.

or

ojjcr

lyke.

Gai'rynge, s. iaberinge, p.) ritus, cath. Taverne. Taberna, caupona, c. f. Tavernere. Tabernarius, caupo, tabernaria, caupona, c. f. Taxo.) (Taxyn, a. p. Taynge, of lond (ta})ing, a. taRuderacio, tliynge, k. ii. p.) 2 CATH. stercorizacio (stercoracio, s. A.)

Tassel. Tassellus. Tasyl. Carduus, vel cardo fullonis, paliurus, cath. Taske, or talyage. ^Taliagium,
taxa,
taxacio,
capiticensus,
k.

Tayin londe wythe schepys donge

(tajjin, K. A.
clero, c.

tathyn,

s.

h. p.)

Eu-

cath. in rudus, stercoro,

F.,pastino, brit. (ste7'coriso,T.)

Techyn'.
infoi-mo.

Doceo,

insti-uo,

imbuo,

CATH.

Taxyd

(taskyd,

tasked,

p.)

Techynge.
info7'inacio.

Doctrina, instruccio,

Taxatus, capiticensus, cath. Taspyn'. Palpo, UG. V. j)<dpito. Taspyxge (tappynge, k. p.) Palpacio, paljjitacio.

Tetch'e, or maner of condycyone,

(tecche, k. teche,
s.

tetche

ma-

ner or condicion,
dicio.

p.)'^

Mos, conTeca,

Taast, Gustus. Taast, or savowre. Taastyn'. Gnsto,

Sapor.
libo, preliho.

Teye, of a cofyr or
t]ieca7'ium, kylav.

forcer.

Taastynge. Taastowre.
in ainbrosia.

Gustacio.

Teyyn' wythe bondys (teyyn or

byndyn, k.)
culo, p.)

Gustator, ambro,VG.

Ligo, vincio {vin-

Tateryn', or iaueryii, or speke wythe owte resone (or iangelyii',

sup7'a, cliateryn, k. iaberyn, p.)i

Tek, or

lyfejdle

towche

(teklc or

lytyl strock, k.)

Tactulus.
turhella,

Garrio, cath. blatero, c. f. Taterynge, or iaiierynge (iape-

Tele, bryd. KYLW.

Tu7'cella,

Telle

talys.

Na7'ro, enarro.

has been stated that the trehucheturii was the punishment for the dislionest hraciatrix. {supra, p. 54,) was usually a female. In the Vision of Piers 1'loughman we have a tale of the tippling at tlie house of " Beton the Brewesterre;" and Skelton gives a curious pieture of the disorderly habits of tlie lyandoxatrix and her cu.stomcrs, at a subsequent period, in his Elinour Rumming. ' Forby gives tlie verb to Tatter, to stir aetively and laboriously. ^ An error doubtless, by the second liand, for taJpynge or taJjinge. See Spelman's remarks, in v. on a peculiar manorial right in Norfolk and Suffolk called Tath and also Forby, v. Tathe, to manure land with fresh dung by turning cattle upon it. * Horman says, " A chyldis tatches in playe sliewe playnlye what they meane (mores See, in the pueri inter ludendum)." "Offritia.', crafty and deceytfull taches." elyot. Master of Game, Sloane MS. 3501, c. xi.. " Of the maners, taeches, and condyciouns of houndes."' See also P. Ploughm. Vis. 5470.
it

The Browstar

CAMD. SOC.

3 n

488

PROMPTORIUM PARVCLORUM.
tale
foi-tlie

Telle a

to a-nofer.

Temperynge,

or

mesurynge

of

Refero. Telle a-nother,

or

schewe be

word

or tokne.

Intimo, denun-

cio, CATH. {dimonstro, s.) Tellyn', or nowmervn'. Numero. Tellynge, of talys, or spekynge. Narracio.

smidiy thyngys to-gedyr. Temperacio, cath. temperancia, temperamentum, ug. in tepeo. Tempest. Tempestas, j^rocella. Temple, holy place (tempyll,

Tellynge, or nowmerynge.
meracio.

Nuk.

Templum. churche, p.) Temple, of mannys heede.^ Temnon timpus, secundum pus,
cath.

(Tellynge,

or

grochynge,

3Iurmuracio.)

Tempre, or tempyr (tempyi* or Temperamentum. tymper, p.)

Temptyn'.
Tempto.
(temse, syue, k.
p.
et

Telte, or tente. Tentorium. Telte, hayyr (telt, hayi'e, h. a. p.) Gauda,^ 'Egidins super rhethori-

Temze,

sive
s.)

temeze,

Setarium, cath.
at

cam

Aristotelis {cauda, a.)

VG. in suo.

Teltyd. Gaudatus {caudatus, A.) Gaudacio.) (Teltinge, p. Telwyn', or thwytyii' (twhytjni,

H. twytyn,
s. p.)

Temze, water

London (Temeze,
Tamesia.
Setatio, cath.

se at London', s.)

Temzyn' wythe a tymze (temsyn

with a tenze,
s.)^

Abseco, reseco.

Telwynge, or twhytynge (telwhynge or whytynge, k. wytynge,

p.)
s.

tewynge or theytinge,

Scissulatus.

attamino, setario, UG. in suo. Tenne, nowmyi*. Decem. Tenawnte. Tenens. Ten tymys. Decies.

Teme, of a seiTaone. Thema. Temyn', ormaken empty (ortamyn,

supra; tenyn,H.) Vacuo,evacuo. of maners and condycyons (to-gedyr, s.) Temperancia, cath. moderacio. Tempery}?', or menge to-gedur

Temperaunce

Tenche, fysch'e. Tencha, comm. Tendyr. Tener. Tendyrly. Tenere. Tendyrnesse. Teneritudo. Tendrone, of a vyne (of vynys, k.)
Botrio, cath.

Tene, or angyr, or
Teneys, pley.

dyshese."*

An-

(myngyn

togedyr,
sette

k.)

Commesiire.

gustia, angaria, c. f. tribulacio.

misceo, misceo.

Teniludus {manu-

Temporyn', or
Tempero, ug.

yn

inlatus, tenisia, p.) Teneys pleyare. Teniludius.

'

Sic,

but?

Ga7i(la, gandatus, as p.

Compare havyr, supra

Ciliciam, p. 221.

^ " Setarium, a, Tcwato/jtare, a tempse." ORrus. temsyue, i. cribrum. Cerviihi, lignum quod portat cribrum, a temsynge staffe." med. " Ghyselin the mande maker In the Boke for Travellers, by Caxton, we read as follows (corbiliier) hath solde his vannes, his mandes or corttes, his temmesis to clense with " Tupiis, a searce or boulter," &c. cotg. (tajnmis).^'' In French, Thus, in the Norfolk dialect, " Teen, trouble, vexation; to Teen," &c forbt. " Tenne, peine, fatigue." lacombe. A. S. Teona, molestia.
:

infra. " Tarataniariso, to tempse or syfte.

Compare thun wonge,

PROMPTORIUM PAllVULORUM.
Tenel, vessel. Tenella. Tenel, or crele. Cartallus. Tenement, or rentere {sic a. tenemeiit jilace, k. tenement or rent place, p.) Tenementum. Texyn, or wrethyn', or ertyfi' (wrothyn, p.) Irrito, media producta (irrito, media correpta, Angliceto
;

489

Teryare, or ertare. Irritator. Teryar, or longe lytai'e (^sic a. teriar

or longe bidar, p.)3
Ter\'n',
attei'o.

Morosus.
cath.
erpe.

or weryii', as clothys or
Vete7-o,

other thyngys.

Teryn',

or hylle wythe Terriculo (terreno, k. p.)

a-bydyn.'.

make empty,

s.)

versus,

Ii^ri-

TERYYN'orlonge
pigritor.

Moror,
in

provocat iras. Tenown, knyttynge of a balke or o])er lyke yn tymbyr (teno^vre, s, tenon cuttinge in a barke or other like, p.) Tenaculum, gumtat evacuat, irritat

(Teryyn, or ertyn, supra

NYN, K. H. P.) Terryn', wythe terre. pissaigi^o, cath.

te-

Colofoniso,

fus,

c. F.

(Tenour, k. a. p.) Tenor. Tente, hyllynge made of

2)apilio, c. F.

Teryynge, or ertynge. Irritacio. Teryynge, or longe a-bydyngc.

clothe.

Ilora, pigricia.

Tentorium, cath. scena, cath.

Terynge, or werynge, or slytynge

(slintinge, p.)

Veteracio, cath.

Tente, of a wownde or a
Tenta, (inagadalis, k. p.)

soore.

inveteracio, consumpcio.

Tente clothe. Extendo,

UG. V. in L.

lacinio,

Teerme. Ternyd,

Terminus.
in pley or oJ>er

thyngys

Tenture,
V.

for clothe, (tentowre, s.)

Tensorium, extensorium, ug. v. in

tentura {constrictorium, p.)

pley or other lyk, s.) Ternatus. Ternyn', yn gamys pleyynge.

(teernyt in

Terno.

Teere, of flowre.i Amolum, c. f. Terre, or pyk, or pyche. Pissai-

Ternynge.

Ternatus, tern(a)cio

(ternacio, A. p.)

Terage,

gra, cath. colofonia, c. f. Humus, solum, erthe.2

Terwyd.

Lassatus, fatigatus.

Terwyn', or make wery (or weryyii, infra.)

terragium.

Terawnte.

Tirannus.
(tyranture, s.)

Terwynge.
Ti-

Lasso, fatigo. Lassitudo, fatigacio

Terawntrye
rannia.

Testamentum. Testament. Teester, or tethtere of a bed.

Capitellum. Uber. Tew, or tewynge of lethyr.

Tercel, hawke. Tercillus, kylw. Teere, of wepynge. Lacrima. Terrere, hownde (terryare, s. a.)
Terrarius.
'

Tete.

Fr-u-

" Pollis,

vM

pollen,

est

idem

\n tritico

quod

fios

in siligine, the tere of floure."

Wliitinton, Gramm. 1521. - In Archaeol. xxxi. 336, thetcrm " tarage" occurs, signifying the base or groundwork Cotgrave gives Tcrrage in a different sense, signifying field rent. See Halliof an object. well's Glossary, v. Terrage ; earth or mould.
^

Compare lytvn,

or longe taryyn,

and lytynge, supra,

p. 308.

490

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
of fyscliyiige.

Tew,

Piscalia, in

2)lurali, reciaria,

cath. reciacula.

Teware. Corridiator. Tevwyd. Frunitus. Tewyx' lethyr. Frunio,

(Thende, ijijra in tydy, s.) Thenkare. Cogitator, pensator. Cogito, jneditor. Thenkyx'. Thexkyn' clieryawntly (thynkyn
charvawnly,
s.

corrodio,

chargeawntly, k.

KYLW. (Tewyxge, of letlm*, sujrra in tew.) Thak, for howsjs. Saj^tatectum,

sartategmen, cath. howsys. Sartatego, cath. sarcitego, cath. Thakky^nge. Saj-tatectum, vg. in sarcio, tecmentum.
c. F.

charyteabylly, h. chariawntly, a.
chyritably, p.)

Penso.

Thexkyxge. Cogitacio, ])ejisacio. Therf, wythe owte sowi'e dowe

Therke,
Azimus. (not sowiyd, h. p.) or dyrk (or niyi-ke, supj-a.) Tenehrosus, caliginosus.
Tenehre, caligo.

Thakkyn'

T(H)ERKKEssE,orderkenesse.

Thakstare.
UG.

Sartitector, cath. et

tecto^j-), c. F. (tector, a.)

Thaxke.
Thankyn'.

Grates, graciajnim accio,

Regjxicior.
Sti-

gratulamen.

Thaarme

(or gutte, svpjxi.)

men, viscus.

Thethorne, tre (thevethorntre, Ramnus. K.JTheve, brusch (there brush, s.)^ Thewe, or pyloiy. CoUistrigiuni. Thewe, maner or condj-cyon (tiiewe or manerys, k.)^ Mos.
Thy% lymme of a beeste. Fcjnur. Thyggynge, or beggynge.^ Mejidicacio.

Thedam (or tkiyfte, ijtfi-a.)

cia.

Vigen-

Thede, bruaiys instrument.

Ins, c. F. vel calus,

Qua-

cath.i

Theef. Latj'o,fur, vesjnlio, cath. Theen, or tliiy\yn'. Vigeo, cath. Thefte. Firrtum, latrocinijtm.

Thykke, as lycm-e. Spissus. Thykke, aswodys, gresse, or corne,

or other lyke.

Densus.

THYKKECL0THE.Prt?;??'cZc?iS2/S,MER.

' "Calus, vas vimineum vel de saliee per quod musta colantur." cath. " Thede, a brewars instrument." palsg. Forby gives "Thead, the wicker strainer placed in the mash-tub over the hole in the bottom, that the wort may run offclear;" more commonly called in Norfolk a " Fead." Compare whtthe thorne, infra. In Heber MS. 8336, at Middle Hill, is the following recipe, xiv. cent.: " Anothur mete that hatte espyne. Nym the floures of theouethorn clenlichee i-gedered and mak grinden in an niorter al to poudre and soththen; stempre with milke of alemauns othur of com, and soththen; do to bred othur of amydon vor to lyen, and of ayren, and lye wel wyth speces and of leues of thethorne, and stey throu floures, and soththen dresece." In the WicL Yersion, Judges ix. 14 is thus rendered " And all trees seiden to the ramne (ether theue thorn) come thou and be lord on us." Ang. S. t^efe-horn, Christ's thorn, rhamnvs, vel rosa canina. ^ Brushwood, brambles; compare Ang. Sax. J^efe-^^om, ^?f i'('^7'. In Accounts of Works at the Royal Castles, t. Hen, IV., Misc. Records of the Qu. Rem,, are payments for repairing a '^ gvrgif flakes and herdles, &;c. pro flakis et aliis et in iij. carect' de teuet necessaris ibidem faciendis, spinas et {e-o.ette pro sepe," &c. Compare goceenyn and mesuryii in manerys and thewys, siqrra, p. 206, and jiaxer
^

of theve, p. 3-24. Ang. S. Theaw, mos. ^ A word retained in N. Country Dialect. Ang. S. higan, accijJtrecilmrii. me do mi mete to thigge." Havelok, v, 1373. See Jamieson.

" He haueth

rROMPfoRIUM PARVULORUM.

491

Thykkenesse, as of
sitiidn.

lycure.

Spis-

Thvkkenesse,
corne,
tas.

or

as of wodys, gresse, other lyke. Densi-

wodys, corays, gresse, and o])er lyke. Rareo. Thynnyn', or make thynne, as lycurys. Tenuo, cath.

Thyrce, wykkyd spyryte^

goste, K. tyrce,
s.

(thirse,

Thykkyn', or make thykke, as wodys, cornys, and oper lyke.

Condenso.

a.)

JDucius,
k.)

CATH.

et

UG. in duco.
suj)ra in

(Thyrke,
lys.)

therke,

Thvkkyn', or make thykke, as

cnrys.
/Sjiisso, inspisso.

Thyrlyn', or

pecrcyfi'

(thryllyn,

Penetro, terebro, perforo.

Thylle, of a
et

carte.

Tcino, cath.
f.

UG. in telon.

Thylle horse.
(yevedarius, p.)

VereduSj
dicc.

c.

Thyrste, or thryste. Sitis. Thrysty. Sitiens, sitihundus. Thrystyn', or pressyn'. Premo,

compi-imo.

Thymbyl.
NECC.

Theca,

digita,

Thrystyn', or
drynlfe.

thp*styii'

aftyr

Thynne, as lycm'e. Tenuis. Thynne, as gresse, come, wodys, and ofer lyke. Rarus.

cath. Thystylle. Cardo, carduus. Thyht, hool fro brekynge, not brokyii' (thythe or hole, h. p.)
Sitio,

Thynne clothe,
rylle.

that ys clepyd a Ralla, uo. v. in s. Thynnesse, or thynhede of licmys, as ale, water, and o]7er lyke.

Integer (solidus, p.)

Thyht, not hool wythe-in

thythe or hole, p.)

(sic a.

Thyhtyn', or make

Solidus. Intethyht.
s.

Temdtas.

gro, consolido, solido, cath.

Thynnesse, of wodys, cornys, and

o))er lyke.

Thyxyl, instnuiient (twybyle,

thyxill, p.2) Ascia.

Thynge. Thynnyn', or make

'

Raritas. Res.

Thoke,
thynne,
as

as onsadde fysche.^
et

Hu-

morosus, cath.

ug. insolidus.

'^Dtosius, i. devion,

a thrusse,

\>e

powke.

Ravus, a thrusse, a gobelyne." med. gr.

"

Trusse, hic prepes, hic negocivs.'''' cath. ang. "Lutin, a goblin, Robin GoodLoiip-yarou, a fellow, Hob-thrush, a spirit which playes reakes in niens houses anights. mankind wolf, &c.; also a Hobgoblin, Hob-thrush, Robin Good-fellow." cotg. See also in his Gloss. Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033, Esimt follet, Gohelin, and Luiton. Bp. Kennett, AThurs-house or Thurse-hole, a hoUow gives " thurse, an apparition, a goblin. Lanc. vault in a roek or stony hill that serves fora dwelling-house to a poor family, of which there These were looked on as enis one at Alveton and another near Wetton Mill, co. Staff. chanted holes, &c." See also Hob-thrust, in Broeketfs N. Country Glossary. Ang. S. In the earlier Wicliffite version, Isai. xxxiv. 15 is t^yrs, spectrum, iffnis fatuus, orcus. thus rendered " There shal lyn laniya, that is a thirs (thrisse in other MSS.), or a beste havende the body lic a womman and horse feet." The word is retained in various parts of England in local dialect, and may possibly be traced in names of places, as Thursfield,

Hobb

Thursley, &c. - "Celtes, a cheselle or a thyxelle, Ascia, a thyxelle, or a brode axe, or a twybylle." MED. MS. CANT. "Celtes, a chyselle or a tixil." med. Harl. MS. 2270. A. S. J>ixl, temo. ^ This term occurs in Stat. 22 Edw. IV. c. 2, in which it is enacted that fish with broken bellies are not to be mixed with tale fish. " Thokes (fish with broken bellies).

492

PR05IPT0RIUM PARVULORUM.
in-

Tholle, carte pynne (or tolpyn,

fra.)
Cavilla, dicc.
c. f. et

Thre corneryd.
angularis.

Trigonus,

tri-

necc.

Thonge

of lethyr(orladde, s?/;/;?'.) Corrigia (ligula, cath. et c. f., p.) Thorne. Spina, sentis, sentix,

Threfoold.

Triplex. as stolys, or
tres-

Thre fotyd,

tyllys, or trevetys, or other lyke.

CATH.

Tripos, CATH.
fysche.

trisilis, c. f.

Thornebak,

Uranus,

c. f.

uranoscopus, ragadies.

Tho(r)pe, or thrope, lytylle towne (thorp, litell towne or thoroughfare, k. p.) Oppidim, c. f.

Thre halpworthe. Trissis, cath. Thre hundryd. Trecenti. Thre mannys songe. Tricinnium,
KYLW.

Thre schaptyd clothe

schaftyd, a.).2
(triplex, s.)

(thre

Thowe,

of snowe, or yclys or yce. Resolucio, liquefaccio, degelacio.

as

Trilix, c. f.

Thowyn', or meltyn',
other lyke.

snowe and

Resolvo.

Threde. Filum. Thredebare. Invillosus,

losus.

devil-

Thowyn', as yce and ofer lyke (or ykelys, s.^Degelat, resolvit, cath

Thowmbe. Thownge,
c. f.

Pollex. or lanere (thonge or laynere, k.) Corrigia, ligula,

{lingula, dicc, p.)

Thoste (ortoord, infra.) Stercus. Thowhte, or thynkynge. Cogitacio, meditacio.

Threschare. Triturator, flagellator, KYLW. Threschyn'. Trituro, flagello. Threschynge. Trituracio. Threschwolde. Limen (cardo, p.) Thretare. 3Iinator.
Thretyn'.

Thretynge.
yn
herte.

Minor, comminor. Mine, comrninacio.

Thowhte,

or hevynesse

Mesticia, molestia, tristicia.

Thretty (thyrty, p.) Triginta. Thryd (thyrde, p.) Tei^cius.

Thryfte,
supra.

Thowhte, yn
licitudo.

hertyly besynesse (yn wordly besynesse, s.a.) So-

idem

quod

thedam,

Thowthystylle, herbe (or sowthystylle, supra.) Rostrum porcimnn.

Thuyfty. (Thryste,

Vigens.
sujira in thyrste.)

Thowtyn', or seyii thow to a mann (thowyn or sey ])ii, a.)i Tuo. Thral, bonde. Servus. Thraldam. Servitus. Thre, nowmyr. Trcs.

(Thristyn, sup>ra in pressyn, k.) (Thrywyn', supra in theen'.) Thronge, or grete prees. Pressura, compressio.

(Thrope,
supra.

idem quod
Op)pidum.) Quttur.

tjio(r)pe,

Throte.

Een op gesneden visch." SEWEL. Compare Thokish, in Forby's Norfolk Glossary, and Sir T. Bro\vn's Works, iv. 195. As a personal name we fincl also, in East Anglia, '' Paulinus Thoke," in an extent of the vill of Marham; it is sometimes written " Toke." In the Winehester MS. of the Promptorium, under the letter C, occurs " Cowerde, herteles, long
thoke; Vecors,
'

&e.'''

See jEETY.v, infra.

Compare toschappyd clothe,

infra; hilix

p.

497.

Ang. Sax. sceapan, /omare.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

493

Throte GOLLE.i
i7ien, c. F.

Epiglotum, fru-

Thurrok, of a schyppe.
cath.
intra.
et c. F. et

Throave, a lytyl wyle. Momentwn, morula. Throwe, womannys pronge (sekenes, K.) Erumpna. Throwyn', or castyiT.
cio, projicio.

Thurghe,

Sentina, ug. in sentio. a thynge or place. Per,

Thurwhe stone, of agrave (thwrwe

ston of a byryinge, k. throwe or thorw stou of a beryynge, h. throwe or throwstone, &c. p.) Sarcofagus, cath. et c. f. Thurghfare. Oppidum, cath. Thus. Sic. Thus many. Tot. Thus mekyl. Tantum.

Jacto^ja-

Throwe downe, yn
Precipito.

to a pytte or a valeye (pytte or odyr place, s.)

Throwyn', or turue

vessel of a tre.

Torno, cath. et c. p. Throwynge, or castynge.

tura, jactus.

Jac-

Throwynge downe,
K. p.)

fro hey place (throwynge downe to lowe place,

Tycyn', or iutycyii'. Instigo, allicio. Tycyn', or prouokyfi'. Provoco. Tycynge, or iutycynge. Incitacio,
instigacio, c. f.

Precipicium.

THROWYNGE,orturnyngeofvesselle.
Tornacio, scutellacio, tornatura. Thrvmm, of a clothe. Filamen, KYLW. villus, fractillus, ug. in

Tyyde, or tyme. Tempus. Tydy, or ou-thende3 (thende,

s.

frango.

tydy or theende, a.) Probus. Tydyn', idem quod happyii' (tydyn or betydyn, s. tydyu or thryuen, supra in theu, p.)

bryd (thrusshill or Merula, dicc. (Thywtyn', or telwyn', supra, h. k. twytyn, supra in tewyn,
thrustyll, p.)
s.)

Thrustylle,

Rumor. Tydyngys berare. Rumigenilus,

Tydyngys.
UG. in ruo.

Tyffyn', werke ydylly, idem quod tymeryn', infra.

Thwytynge,
Thundy'r.

or telwynge. Sectula-

tus, abscidula, abscindiila,

kylw.

Tonitruum.

Tyfflynge, or vnprofytabylle werkyuge (tyffynge, s. a. p.) Tyke, wyrm. Ascarabia, ascarida,

UG. V. in V.
et c. f.

Thundyr CLAPPE. Fulgur,fulmen.

Thundery55'.
Tonat. Thun wonge, of mannys heede.2 Tempus, ug. in tepeo.
'

Titillosus. Tykyl. Tykelyn'. Titillo. Tykyllynge. Titillacio.

"Throte gole or throte bole, neu de la gorge, gosier.^' palsg. " Epigloium, a throte Frumen, the ouer parte of the throte, or the throte bolle of a man." OUTUS. " Taurus (governeth) the necke and the throte boU " (le nceiul de dessoalz la gorge, orig.)
bolle.

Shepherd's Calendar. " A throte ho\\e,frMnen hominis est, rumen animalis est; ipoglottum.'''' CATH. ANG. ^ Compare Gaut. de Bibelesworth, " mo)i haterel (nol) oue les temples ())one\vonggen)." '* A thunvv'ange, tem-pus.''' cath. ang. A. Sax. J?un-wang, tempora capitis. * Sic, ? an error for thende, as in MSS. s. A. This word may be from theen, vigeo. Compare on-the.nde, i/ivalidus; and on-thende, fowl, and owt cast, supra, p. 367. Halli" Unthende, abject." " Tydy, merry, hearty." Bp. Kennett. well gives

494
Tegulator. Tylare. Tyllare, or tylmaun.
cigricola, ruricolus.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Tynynge, drye hedge. Sepes. Tynnynge wythe tynne. Stannacio.

Coloims,

TraKARE
ut

(tynnai'e, s.)

Tintinaartis,
et

Tegulo. Tylyn' howsys. Tegulacio, Tylynge, of howsys.

tegnlatus.

rius; et capiit

nomen a sono

tintinabulwn, sus,

midta

Tylestone
Tyllyn', or

(tyle, k. p. tyilstone, a.)

Tegula, later.
tylle londe.

alia, per onomotopeiam. Tynte, mesure.2 Satum, cath. Typpe, of a gyrdylle. Mordacu-

Colo.

lum.

Tyllynge,
Cultura.

of londe (tilthe, k. p.)

Typpe, or lappe of the

nula,
c. F.

ere.

Pinet

c. F.

TYMBYR,of trees (tymber or tymmer of trese, p.) Meremium. TimpaTymbyr, lytyl tabowre.
nillum.

Typ, of the nese.

Pirula, cath.

Typett. Liripipium. Tyrdyl, schepys douge.

CATH. ruder, ug. in ruo.

Rudus,

Tyme, idem quod tyyde (tyme,

whyle,
p.

Tyme,
et

hei-be.

Tempus.) Tima, timum,

Tyre,
c. f.

or

a-tyre

of

wemmene.
(^sic) c. f.

Mundum

muliehris,

in

UG.

Tyme, flowre. Timus, ug. v. in t. Tymeryn', idem qtiod tyffyn',

suj^ra.

mundanus, rediinicuhim, cath. Tyre wyne, or wyne T^y^re^ (or

Tyrrement,
in

Avyue Tyre, k. a.) or intyrrement.

Fu-

Tymyn, or make
seson.

tyme (and)

in

Temiwro,

{temp)ero, p.)

nerale {funehria, p.) Tyrf, or tyrvynge vp on an hoode

or sleue (tyrfe or turuynge vp ajen, k. tyrwynge of au hood,
s.

Tynne, metal. Stannum. Tyynde, prekyl (tynde, pryke,

Carnica.

k.)

tyrvyug of au hood, &c.

a. tyrfte

Tynyd, wj^the a tyne (tyndyt with

Caruicatus. tyndys, k.) Tynyd, or hedgydde (tyndyd, p.)
Sejjtus.

or turuyuge vp agayue,

p.)-*

Re-

solucio (revolucio, h. s.)

Tysane, diynke.
et c. F.

Ptisana, cath.

Tynnyd wythe
cath. Tynyn', or
pio, ug.

tynne.

Stannatus,

Tisis. Tysyk, sekenesse. Tyte tust, or tusmose of flowrys

make

a tynynge.i

Se-

Tynnyn' wythe tynne.

cath.
'

Stanno,

othyr herbys (tytetuste or tussemose, s.)5 Olfactorium. TYTEM0SE,bryd. Frondator, kylw. Titulus, apex, cath. Tytylle.
or

Tymyn, or make a tymynge, MS. The MSS. H. s. A. and Pynson's printed text, read Tynyn, tynynge. Tinny, a hedge, is still used in the North, and in the West of England. 2 Compare ey^tyndele, Satwm; !:upra, p. 137; and half a buschel (or tynt, K.) p. 222. 3 Sic MS. The first hand may have written or wyne of Tyre. " Tyer drinke, amer " Capricke, Aligant, Tire," occur in Andrew Boorde's Breviary of hruuaige.'^ palsg.

Health, c. 381. < " Turfe of a cappe or suche lyke, rehras.'''' palsg. * Bishop Kcnnctt gives " Tuttie, a posie or nosegay, in Hampshire.

Tussy Mussy, a

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
TvTYMALLE,
OT
fayto-vviys

495
s.)

grces
s.)'

Toggyn', or drawyri' (drattpi,

Tractulo.

(tytuvalle or fautorjs gresse,

Titimallus, lacteria,

c. f.

ToGGVNGE
ToGGVNGE,

(or, a.)

drawyngc.

At(to-

TvTHE. Decima. Tvthvn', or paye tythe.

Too, of a foot. To, or tweyne

tractulus.

Decimo.

Artictdus.

or gedyr, k. p.)

strogelyiige
Colluctacio.

(to, nowmere, k.) Duo. To BLAME, or blame worthy. Cul-

Todyshatte (or muscheron, supra.y Tuber, c. f. To hand swerd. Spata, cath.

cluniculum, cath.

pabilis, culpandus, increpandus.

Futurus, venturus. ToD, or toyid^ (tod or tothid, k. tojjid, A.) Dentatus. ToDAY. Hodie. TooDE, fowle wyrme.3 Bufo. ToDELVNGE. Bufonulus, vel bufonillus.

To CUMME.

ToKNE. Signum. ToKNE, wythe eye or wythe the

hand.

Nutus, cath.

ToKNE, of a thynge to cumme or cummynge. Pronosticam. ToKNE, or sygne of ane in, idem quod SENV, supra (signe of an
ostiy, p.)

To-FALLE, schudde.^ Apiiendicium,

c. F.

appendix,

teges,

cath.

ToFT.

Camjms. To-GEDYR. Simul, insimul, pariter,

(ToKVN, or syne where a boke faylyt, k. where a boke lakkyth,

s.

A. p.

Asteriscus.)

una, mutuo.

Toggyn', idem quod strogelvn', su^ra (toggyn, or strubbelyn, k.)

Toknyn', or make tokene.^ Signo. ToL, or custome.7 Guidagia, c.f.jjctagium, toloneum, cath. vectigal.

nosegay." Lansd. MS. 1033. Tuttie, noscgay, posie or ixizzmmnzzie, Fascicuhis, sertum olfactorium. ' GOULDM. See Tosty in Jennings' W. Country Glossary; and also " Teesty-tosty, the blossoms of cowslips collected together, tied in a globular form, and

"A

used to toss to and fro for an amusement called ti-esti/-iosfi/. It is sometimes called simply a tosty." Donne, Hist. of the Septuagint, speaks of "a girdle of tlowers and tussies of all fruits intertyed,'" &c. Compare faytowrys gresse, and see the note on faytowre, sxpra, p. 146. The
'

various species of Spurge {enphorhia, or the tithymalus of the old botanistsj were much in esteeni amongst empirics, and extraordinary effects supposed to be thereby produced, such as to niake teeth fall out, hair or warts fall off, to cure leprosy, &c to kili or stupefy fish wlien mixed with bait. See the old Herbals, and especially Langham"s Garden of

Health, under Spurge and Tjthimal. ^ Sic, doubtless for tojjid. Compare tothyd, infra. ' Compare frogge, or frugge, tode, snjyra, p. 180, and paddok, p. 376. A penthouse. See Brockett, N. Country Glossary, v. Tee-fall, and To-fall and Jamieson. Wyntown uses the term " to-falls " in his account of the burning of St. Andrews' Cathedral, in 1378, denoting, as supposed, the porches of the church. * In Arund. MS. 42, f. 3, may be seen the virtues attributed to Agaric growing " by the grounde of the fir lewede folkys callyn it tode hat." In Norfolk, according to Forby, a fungus is called a Toad^s-cap. ^ made tokene, MS. make tokyn, K. S. a. p. Palsgrave gives " I token, I signyfye, &c. I wyll token me with the crosse from their I token I signe with the sygne of the crosse companye je me croyseray,'''' &c. ' Compare talyage, siqn-a, p. 486.
;

camd. soc.

3 s

496

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
rynyth,
s.)^

ToL, of myllaiTS. Miilta, cath. in molo; etalia infra in tollynge. TooL, instrament. Instrumentum.

Sp)o.cium, tempiiSj

oportunitas.

ToLLARE, or takare of
arius.

tol.

Telone-

ToLHOwsE. Teloneum, dicc. ToLLARE or styrare^ to do goode

or
tor.

badde.

Excitator, instigatolle (take tolle,

Vacuus. TooM, or voyde. ToNEL, to take byrdys. Obvolutorium, comm. ToMEREL, donge cart, supra in d. Tongge, of a bee. Aculeus. ToNGGE, of a knyfe.4 Pirasmus. ToNGGE, fyyr instniment (tongys
to fyyr longynge, k.)

Tollvn', or
K. p.)

make

Forceps.

Gtiido, vmlto, c. f.
mevj^ii',

Tollyn', or
dooii (to
cito,

or steryiT to

done a dede, k.)

In-

provoco, excito. Tolyon', or motyii' (tolyyn, k. taylyon, s. tollyn or motyn, p.) Discepto, placito. (ToLYYNGE, supra in moty^nge.)

ToNGGE, or scharpnesse of lycure yn tastynge.^ Acumen. Levitojiarium, cath. ToNYCLE. dalmatica, comm. {levitorium, s.)

ToNOWRE,
c. F.

or fonel.6

suffusorium,

Infusorium, cath. futile

{fiitis, p.)

Tolly'nge, styrynge, or mevynge Instijacio, to good or badde.

excitacio.

Tollynge, of myllarys.- Multura,

vel molitura.

ToLPYN, idem quod tholle, supra. To MEKYL. Nimis, nirnius. TooM, or rymtlie (^sic a. toome or
'

Top, or fortop (top of the hed, k. Aqualium, cath. p.) Top, or cop of an hey thynge. Cacumen. Carchesia, Top, of a maste. cath. et c. F. Trochus, Top, of chylderys pley.
c. F.

Toppyn', or fechte be the nekke

stryare, MS. styrer, a. sterrere, Compare tol, of niyllarys, rnulta.

s.

Bp. Kennett, Glossary in Par. Ant.

v.

Molitura,

says that the term signified the toU taken tbr grindiug; moiitura libera was exemption from Palsgrave gives such toll, a privilege generally reserved by the lord to his own family.

"

his tenants for

'

The lord in some cases demanded toll from See Ducange, c. Molta. In N. counti-y dialect to teem signifies to pour out; the partieiple teem or teum signifies empty " atooni purse makes a blate merchant." N. C. Prov. See Ray, Brockett, &c. The noun, signifying space, leisure, appears to be thus used in the Sevyn Sages " I sal yow tel, if I haue tome, of the Seuen Sages of Rome," v. 4. Danish, Tom, empty, Tommer, to make void. Compare tame, s-ajxra, p. 486, and TEMYJi, or raaken empty, Tlie reading of MS. s. may be {iii extenso) toome or rymnyth. p. 488. 4 Pyrasaiiiiis, Angliee, a tongue." ortus. Possibly the part of a knife technieally termed the tang, to whieh the haft is affixed. ^ Forby gives " Tang, a strong flavour, generally, but not always an unpleasant one." Fuiler says of the best oil, " it hath no tast, that is no tang, but the natural gust of oyl." Skinner derives the word, now written commonly tvvang, from the Dutch Tanghe, acer. ^ ToNOWRE, of fonel, MS. In Norfolk, acor fonel, s. .\. See fonel, supra, p. 170. cording to Forby, the term in common use is Tunnel, a funnel ; A.-Sax. tajnel, canistrum. " liifusorium est quoddam vasculum per quod liquor infunditur in aliud vas, &c. Anglice a tonelUdvsshe." ortus.
I tolle, as

a niyller doth; je prtns

le tollyn.^''

grinding at his mill.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORtJM.
(feytyn, h. fyjth,
s.

497
(torcute, p.)

fythe, a. feigh-

Tortuce, beest
tuca, c. F.

Tor-

tyn by the nek,

debate.

p.)

Colluctor.

ToRBELARE,! or he fat makythe

Turbafor, jurr/atoi; jvrgosu^, perturbator, jurr/atrix. ToRBLE, or torblynge (torbelynge or distrubbelynge, k. tnrble or
tridilynge,
s.

TosARE,

of wulle or other lyke. Carptrix,

Bilix,
c. F.

ToscHAPPYD CLOTHE (tooschaptyd

cloth, 8.)3

ToscHE, longe tothe (toyssh, p.)*

Colomellus, culmus,
Colomellatus.
c. F.

distorblyng,

p.)

Tui-bacio, jurgimu, perturbacio,

ToscHYD, or tuskyd (toysshyd,

p.)

disturbium.

(Torbelon', idem quorl troblon, infra.y

TosYNGE, of wuUe or ofer thyngys.

Carptura. Toson' wuUe or other lyke (tosyn or tose wul, s.)5 Carpo. ToosT, of brede(toostyof breed, a.)
Tostus, tosta, UG. in torqueo.

ToRCHE. Cereiis. TooRD, or thost. Sterctis. ToRET, lytylle towre. Turricula,

CATH.

Thoryble, or sensure (or tumble,

infra.)

ToosTE brede, or
reo,

oJ?er lyke.

Tor-

Thuribidum, ignibulum,
s.)

CATH.

et

ug.
folett,

CATH. (igniculum,
supplicium.

Torment, orturment. Tormentum,

TosTYNGE. Tostura. ToTTE, su2J7'a in folte (or

or foppe, supra.)

ToRNEAMENT.
'

Tomeamen tum.

ToTEHYLLE.fi /S^eCM/a, CATH. e^C.F.

ToRKELARE, MS. torbelar, k. . p. Compare also DRTBBLYiv, or torblyn watur,

Compare thre schaptyd

siqira, p. 133,

and dysturbelyn, &c.

p. 123.
'

" Bilix est pannus duobus filis stamineis contextus a clothe witli .ij. thredes." ortus. Ang.-Sax. sceapan,ybr/wj-e. In Norfollv Tosh signifies, according to Forby, a tusk, a long curved tootli, a toshnail is a nail driven aslant. * " I toose wolle, or cotton, or suche lyke; jeforce de laine, and/e ckarpie de la kune : *' Tosing, It is a great craft to tose wolle wel." palsg. carptura ; to tose wool or lyne, carjpo, carmino gouldm, This word is used by Gower

clothe, supra, p. 492.

.''''

" What schepe that is full of wulle, Upon his backe they tose and pulle." Conf. Am.
*

Prol.

montarium, specula.'''' cath. ang. " Speculuris, Anglice a tutynge hylle {al. totynge). Arvisium, a tutynge Iiylle." ortus, " ^ptcnlare, a totynge hylle and a bekyne. Cotispisillum est locus ad conspiciendum totus, a tote hulle." med. GR. " Totehyll, moataiynette.'''' palsg. This term, of such frequent occurrc-nce in local names in many parts of England, has been derived froin Ang.-Sax. " Totian, eminere tanquam cornu in fronte." See Dr. Bosworth's A. Saxon Dict. AVefind, howcver, the verb to Tote in several old writers, signifying to look out, to watch, to inspect narrowly, to look in a mirror, &c. See P. Ploughman, Spenser, Skelton, Tusser, &c. Thus in Havelok, 2105, " He stod, and totede in at a bord ;"CTrafton, 577, describes a " totyng hole" in a tower, throughwhich the Earl of Salisbury, looking out, was slain by shotfrom a "goon," at the siege of Orleans in 1427. Gouldman gives the verb " to toot," as synonymous with to look, Mr. Hartshorne, in his Salopia Antiqua, enumerates several of tlie numerous instances of the name Toothill, Castle Tute, Fairy Tcote, &c. and the list mfglit be

"

Tute

hylle, arvisium,

498

PROMPTORIUM PARVDLORUM.

(amphitlieatrum, k. teatrum, p.)

Toow, of a
reel, k. a.

rok, or a roket (or of a

ToTE HYLLE, or hcy place of lokyuge

cath. et ug. in spicio, theatmm, cath. amphitheutrum, cath. ToTELARE. Susurro.
Consjyicillum,

towe of hempe, orflax,

or othyr Hlte, k.)

Pensum,

c. f.

Towayl,
s.

or towaly (twaly or towel,

tualy, a.)

towayle or tavayle, h. tuayl or Manitergium, togilla,

c. f.

Totelon' talys (totelyn, k. tylyn tale in ouys ere, s.)

surro, CATH.

p. to-

facitergium, gausajje,

Su-

Totelyxge.

Susurrium, cath. Toteron', or waveroii'. Vacillo. Toterynge, or waverynge. Vacillacio.

TowcHON. Tango (contracto, p.) Towne. Villa. Towghenesse (toAvuesse, k. a.

toughnes,
p.)

Tenacitas.

Towne wallys.

Menie,
of tymbyr.2

Toothe. Dens. Toothe draware. Edentator, dentraculus.

TowRE. Turris. Towre, made oouly

Fala, CATH.
c. f. et

ug. v. in a.

TooTHELEs, Tootheles,

for age. for

Edentatus. ^uugthe (for

s.

TowRYD. Turritus. TowRYNGE. Turrijicacio. ToTHYD, or tod wytlie teethe

or todd,
s.

(toyid,

5uuthe, K. yojghe,

youth, p.)

to})id

or tod, a.)^
(to|)ir

Edentulus.

Dentatus.

Totyr, or myiy totyr, chylderj's game (mery totyi', h. s. p. meiy tojm*, A.)i Oscillum, cath. Toavhhe, not tendyr (tow, a. tough, Tenax. p.)
largely extended.

ToTHERE, or the tothere

the other, k.
s.)

or

p.

toyere or toder,

Alter, reliquus, alius.

et

TRACEjOfaweyoverafelde. Trames,
CATH.
UG. in traho.

The term seems to denote a look-out or watch tower. In the version of Vegecius, lioy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. 106, we read that "A(/ffer is a Toothulle made of longe poles pighte vp righte and wounde about with twigges as an hegge, and fillede vp with erthe and stones, on whiche men mowe stonde and shete and caste to the walls." In the earlier Wicl. version, 2 Kings, V. v. 7 is thus rendered; " Forsothe Dauid toke the tote hil Syon {arcem Sion) that is, the citee of Dauid ;" and v. 9, " Dauid dwellide in the tote hil " (i/i arce) in the later version " Tour of Syon." Again, Isai. xxi. 8, " And he criede as a leoun vp on the toothil {speculam) of the Lord I am stondende contynuelly by day, and vp on my warde I am stondende alle ny^tus ;" in the later version, " on the totyng place of the Lord." Sir John Maundevile gives a curious aecount of the gardens and pleasaunce of the king of an Island of India, and of " a litylle Toothille with toures," &c. where he was wont to take the air and disport. Travels, p. 378. See MYRY TOTYR, supra, p. 338, and wa wyn, or waueryn yn a myry totyr, infra. " Oscillum, genus ludi, cum funis suspenditur a trabe in quo pueri et puelle sedentes impelluntur " Tytter-totter, hucetillue, a totoure. Petaiirus, quidam ludus, a totre." med.gr. play for childre, balenchoeres." Valsg. Forby gives Titter-cum-totter, in Norfolk dialect, " Bransle, a totter, swing, or swidge, &c. to ride on the ends of a balanced plank. Joxier a la kausse qui haisse, to play at titter totter, or at totter arse, to ride the wild mare. Baccoler, to play at titter toter or at totterarse, as children who sitting upon both ends of a long pole or timber log, supported only in the middle, lift one another up and down." COK;. See Craven Glossary, v. Merry-totter.
'

Compare somyr castell, Fala, supra,

See
TOi),

p.

461.

or toyid, supra, p. 41)5.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Tracyn', or draw strykys.
traho.

499

Pro-

Trancyte, where menn walke.2

Transitus.

Tracynoe, or di-awynge for to makfc an ymage or an other thynge (to

Tranyynge, or longe a-hydynge

(trancyynge,
s.)

Dilacio, mora.

make

a pyctm-e or gravynge, k.)

Trappe, for myce and opervermyne.

Trappe,
Muscipida, decipula. to take wythe beestys, as
borys, and o))er lyke. Tenabulum, venahulum, ug.
p.)
c. f.

Protractio.

Trayce, horsys ha(r)neys. Tenda,

c. F. traxiis, restis,

brit. trahale.
clothe. Si-

beiys,

Trayle, or trayne of a
CATH. vel trames, vg. segmentum, cath. Traylyn', a(s) clojjys. CATH. sirino, cath.

rina, cath. lacinia, c. f. tramis,

v. in t. et f.

Trapere, or trapur (trapowre,

Falera, cath. fallare,
tus.

Trappyd, wythe trapure. FaleraSegmento,

or longe
k.

Trappyd, or be-trappyd and gylyd

gylyd,

Traynyn', or
taryyii'

ti-anyyii',

(traylyn or terj^yn,

(trappyd or deceyuyd, k. or bes.) Deceptus, illaqueatus,

decipulatus.

traynyn or terryyn, h. p. or abydyn, s.) Moror, differo.

Trayne, or dysseyte.
fraus
(^deceptio, P.)

Prodicio,

Trappyn' hors. Falero, cath. Trappyn' a-bowtyn', or closyii' (or

inclosyn, k. p. or inchide,

Tramayle, grete nette for fyschynge (tramely, k. tramaly, h. p.)i Tragum. Tramaly, of a mylle, idem quod hopur supra; et faricapsia. Tramplyd. Tritus. Trampelyn' (trampyn, s.) Tero. Trampelynge. Tritura.
,

pyn a-bowte

or
in

s. trapincludyn, a.)

Vallo, circumdo.

(Trappure, stf/)ra

trappere, k.)

Travayle

(or labour, a. or robour,

Labor. s.) Travaylyn', or

Travaylowre.
Trauas.3

Laboro. Laborator, -trix. Transversum.

laboryii'.

' Conipare flwe, nette, Traffum, supra, p. 168. " Tramell to catche fysshe orbyrdes, Tremaille, treble mailed, whence alier tremaiUe, a trammell net or Trameau.'" palsg. Trameau, a kind of drag net or draw net for fish; also a treble net for partridges, &c. trammell net for fowle." cotg. ^ Compare tresawnte in a howse, Transitus, infra. In the Gesta Rom. 277, the " O my swete sone, adulterous mother confined in a dungeon thus addresses her child a grete cause have I to sorow, and thou also, for above our hede there is atransite of men, and there the sonne shynethe in his clarte, and alle solace is there !" The Emperor's steward walking overhead hears her moan, and intercedes for her. ^ A travas or travers is explained by Sir H. Nicolas in his Glossarial Index, Privy P. Exp. of Eliz. of York, p. 259, as a kind of screen with curtains for privacy, used in chapels, halls, and other large ehambers; he cites several instanees of the use of the term in household accounts and other documents, to which the foUowing may be added. In the inventory of effects of Henry V. in 1423, we find " j. travers du satin vermaille, pris viij. " trali. ovec ij. quisshons de velvet vermaill," &c. probably for the king's chapel; also a vers" fora bed see Rot. Parl. vol. iv. pp. 227, 230. Chaucer, in the Marchantes Tale, " Men it will be remembered, thus uses the term in the narrative of the nuptial festivity In a Survey of the manor of Hawsted, in 1581, dranken, and the Travers drawe anon."

500

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
of a smvthe (trongu of a
p.)*

Trawe,

(hewycl
p.)

Yjwdromus, cath. et c. F. erjastei-ium, trave, comm. Tre, whyle hyt waxythe. Arhor. Tre, hew downe, or not growynge
smythy,

downe and not waxynge, Lignum.

(halyvey, or bote a-^en Tiriaca, supra).c. f.

Treacle
|

sekenesse,

antidotum,

{treacha, p.)

it is stated that Sir William Drury possessed " Scitnm manerii, &c. uno le mote circumjaeente, uno le trave.^ ante portam messuagii predicti, et unam magnam curiam undique bene edificatam." Cullum's Hawsted, p. 142. Sir T. More was so greatly in favor during 20 years of his life at the court of Henry VIH. that, as Roper says, "a good part thearof used the liinge uppon holie daies, when he had donne his owne devotions, tosende for him into histraverse, and theare, sometimes in matters of Astronomy, Geometry, Divinity, and suche other faculties, and sometimes of his worldly affaires, to sit and converse with him." In this and other instances atraverse seems to have been a kind of state pew, or closet. So likewise we read that when Queen Elizabeth visited Cambridge in 1564, on the south side of the chapel at King's CoUege was hung a rich Travas of crimson velvet forthe queen's majesty; and when she entered the cliapel, desiring to pray privately, she " went into her Travys, under a canopy." Le Keux, Mem. of Camb. vol. ii. King's Coll. Thus also Fabyan relates that the king coming to St. PauFs " kneled in a pp. 20, 21. A Traverse is explained trauers purueyed for hym '' near the altar. Chron. 9 Hen. VI. in the Glossary of Architecture as having been a screen with curtains, in a hall, chapei, or large chamber. " A trave for to scho horse in, Ferratoriujn.^'' cath. ang. Thisterm, it will be remembered, is used by Chaucer, in his description of the Miller's young wife, where he says " she sprong as a colt in a traue " (rhyming to save). Miller's Tale. This is doubtless the frame used for confining an unruly horse wliilst being shod. According to Forby, a Edm. Heyward, of Little Walsingsmith's shoeing shed is ealled in Norfolk a Traverse. ham, blacksmith, bequeaths to his wife, in 1517, " my place wich is called the house at the travesse," a term which may probably bave been connected with that oceurring above. Norfolk Archaeology, vol. i. p. 266. Palsgrave gives only " Trough for smythes, Aoije a maHchaU'' * Antttodvm, MS. and s. p. The composition of various kinds of Theriaca, an antidote for bites of serpents and venomous animals,is given by Pliny and other writers. Scribonius Largus speaks of it as made of the ilesh of vipers. In the Middle Ages it was highiy esteemed against poison, venom of serpents, and certain diseases; the nature of the nostrum may be le;imed irom ancient medicinal treatises, such as Nic. de Hostresham^s Anlidotarium, Sloane MS. 341. The Treaele of Genoa appears to have been in very high repute; its virtues are thus e.xtolled by Andrew Borde, physician to Henry YII. " "Whan they do make theyr treacle a man wyll take and eate poysen and than he wyl swel redy to borst and to dye, and as sone as he hath takyn trakle he is hole agene." Boke of the Introd. of Knowledge, 1542. Thus also says Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, " of bestes, venemous serpentes, lizarts, scorpions, flies, wormes, who of thise worraes shall be byten he must haue triacle, yf not that he shall deye !" We cannot marvel that costly appliances were often provided wherein to earry so preeious an antidote, so as to be constantly at hand, such as the " pixis argenti ad tiriacam,'" Close RoU y Joh. the " Triacle bo.x du pere apelle une Hakette, garniz d^or," among the precious effects of Henry V. the Godet, holding treacle, the gift of John de Kellawe, found with relics and offerings to the shrine of St. Cuthbert at Durham, in 1383; and the " Tracleere argenteum et deauratum cum costis de bii-all," bequeathed by Henry, lord Scrope in 1415 to his sister. A curious illustration of the great esteem in which Treacle of Genoa was held, and of the difficulty of obtaining it unadulterated, occurs in the Paston Letters, vol. iv. p. 264; and in 1479, during the great sickness in England, John Paston entreats his brother SLr John to send him speedily "11 pottys of tryacle of Jenne, they shall coste xvj.d. the pepyll dyeth
'
; ;

rUOMPTOlUUM PAKVULOUUM.
Tkebelyn', or make
tlirefoldo (tros.)

501
Alimatus, presti-

Tregettynge,
ijium,

belynorthrefoldyn,

T^rrpUco.

Treble, or
tjiphis.

threfolde.

Triplex
of
s.)

Treblesonge
centus,

(trel)le

oi'gene

CATH. pancracium, cath. joculatus (pi'eclautus, s.) Tregettoavre.3 Mimus, ])antomimus, joculator, c. F. et cath.

songe, K. ti'ebyl songe,

Pre-

Tretcheuye
terye, h. p.)
lositas,

(tretcherye

or tre-

kylw.

Dolus, fraus, do(^subdolus,

(TUEBYL SYNGARE, A.) Trebgot, sly instrument to take

brydys orbeestys (trepgette,
l'endicule,
s.)i

subdolositas

Trecherowse
lentus.

plur.

VG.

tendula,
A.)

(or disseyvabyl, h.) Dolosus, versipellis, c. F.fraudu-

CATH. venabidum, excipidum, ug.

in capio {tripulum, UG. v.,
s.

Trelys, of a wyndow, or oper lyke

(or grate, supra.)
c. F. et

Trebget,

for weiTe (trepgette, s.) Trabucetim, comm. et dicc. Tredyn'. Tero (calco, K.) Tredyn vndyr fote. Pessundo, CATH. et UG. in do {intercalco, p.)

Cancellus,

Tredyngys, wythe the

tura.

foote.

Tri-

CATH. (sedicula, h. p.) Tremelyn'. Tremo, contremo. Tremelynge, or qwakynge. Tremor, trepidacio. Tre(n)chaunt, or plyaunt (trenchaunt, k. s. p.) Plicabilis,
versatilis, versabilis.

Tredyl, or
Tregettyn'.
cio, sore in
lierus'

grece.2

Gradus, pe-

dalis, CATH.

Prestigior,

pancra-

Trenchowre. Trenchowre,
DICC.

Scissorium.
knyfe.'*

Mensaculus,

UG.

Norwiche;" vol. v. pp. 260, 264. In Miles Coverdal-e's translation of WermuPrecious Pearle, it is said that " the Phisitian in making of liis Triaele occupieth serpents and adders and such like poison, to driue out one poyson with another." The term occasionally occurs to dusignate remedies differing greatly from the true t/ieriura. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 15 b. we read that juice of garlic " fordo)> venym and poyson myjtily, and J>at is J>e skyle w^hy it is called Triacle of vppelond, or ellys homly folkys Triacle." Palsgrave gives "Pitfall for byrdes, Trebo%ichet.^' The term which originally designated a warlike engine for slinging stones, and also, owing to a certain similarity in construction, the apparatus used in the punishment of the cucking stool (see p. Itl7, sujrra), signiDucange remarks, v. Trehuchetum, Trepffet, iied also a trap or gin for birds and vermin. &.C. " appellatio mansit apud Gallos instrumentis aut machinulissuspensiset lapsilibusad captandas avieulas." SeeGRECE, or tredy ],(/)?((, p. 209. In MSS. s. a. the reading is Tredyl of grece, which, See Nares, v. Grice. if grece is taken Iiere as signitying a staircase, may be more correct. ^ Compare iogulowke, snjira, p. 263. In the later Wicliffite version 2 Chron. c. 33, '' Enchaunteris (ether tregetours) that disseyuen mennis wittis." V. 6, is thus rendered, Chaucer uses tlie word, and also Treget, in allusion to marvelloiis tricks resenibling those still practised in India. See Frankelein'sTale, and Tyrwhitfs noteon line 11,453. Horman says, in his Vultjana, " a iugler with his troget castis {vaframentls) deceueth mens syght the trogettars {irra^stiyiaiores) behynd a clothe shew forth popett^ that chatre, chyde, Fr. Tresgier, magic, Tresgetteres, magicians, according to iuste and fyghte together."
'
'^

Roquefort. * such appliances were usually in pairs " Item, Probably a knife for carving paria de Trencheours." Invent. of Rie. de Ravensere, Archd. of Lincoln, 1385.
;
:

iij.

502

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

Trendelyn'

thynye a rownd witli a roon (treudlyn as thynge, s. as with a rownde thynge, A.) Trocleo, volvo,

Trete

(tretye or tretyce, h. p.

Trendyl. Troclea. Trenket, sowtaiys knyfe.i orium, kylw. (axorium,

sorium, p.)

Tractatus. Tracto, pertracto. Tretowre (traytowre, s.) Traditor, proditor.

tretyng, a.)

TretOn'.

Aaxx.

an-

Tributarye. Trihutarius. Trybute. Trihutum, multa, cath.

Tryfelare
nugax,

(tyfflare, s.)

Trufator,

Trentel. TricenaUs, (trentale, K.) Tresawnce, in a howse (tresauns,

H. p.)2

geri^o,

ug. in gero, nu-

gaculus, cath.

Transitus, transcencia,

kylw.
Trica, c. f. Tresse, of heere. Trico, ug. v. Tressyn' heere. Thesaui-us, cath. TresoW'RE.

Tryfle. Trufa. Tryflon,^ or iapyn'

ludifco, {nugo, k.)

(trifelyn,

k.

tryfloue, a. tryfflyn, p.)

Trufo,
Tri-

Tryfolye, herbe
folium, CATH.

(trj^ole, s.)

Tresowrere. (Tresowrye,
philacium
similiter.
;

Thesaurarius. K.) Erarium, gasoet est

Tryyd.

an hoordhowse

Preelectus, prohatus, examinatus, {electus, p.)

s.

Tryin' (tryyn, k.

h. p. tryin, a.)*

Trespas. Offensa, delictum, culpa,

forefactio.

Eligo, preeligo. Tryyn' a trowthe be dome.

cerno, cath.

Dis-

Trespacyn'.

Trespasowre.
tor,

Offendo, delinquo. Forefactor, delic-

TR"iTrNGE.

Eleccio, preeleccio, extrollyii'.^

malefactor.

Traditio, ^Jrodicio. Tresun. Tretable. Tractahilis. Tractatus.) (Tretyd, p.

'

aminacio. Tryllyn', or cath.

Volvo,

Trype

(or pawucheclowt, supra, or

cath. ang. " Trenket, an instrument for a A cordwayner, Batton atourner soulies.''' palsg. " Trenchet de cordouannier, a shoomaker^s In a Norninale by Nich. de Munshull, Harl. ilS. 10u2, under cutting knife." coxG. " pertinentia allutarii," occur " Anserivm, a schavjng knyfe; Gal/a idem est, Trj'nket; Pertinentia rustico. Sarculum, a wede-hoke Sar'pa, idem est, Trynket." 2 Compare trancyte, where menn walke, su.p'ra, p. 499. Horman says, in his Vulgaria, " I met bym in a Tresawne (deamlulatorio) where one of the bothe must go backe." leaf of some early elementary book, found in the Lambeth Library, printed possibly by VV. de Worde, contains part of a Nominale in hexameters. "Peryula (a galery), trarcscenna (a W. of Wyrcestre tresens), podium, cum coclea (a wyndyng steyr), (/r({rf; (a grece)." uses tbe term " le Tresance,'' p. '2S8, signifying a passage leading to a hall, &e. Palsgrave gives only " Tresens that is drawen ouer an estates chambre, Ciel." ^ Tryflom, MS. which seems doubtless an error, corrected by the other MSS. and by Pynson's printed text. See iapyn, supra, p, 257. "
Trenket, ansoriuni, sardocopium ,"

trym, erroneously, as tryflom, supra. Cbaucer uses the word to Trill, to turn or twist, in the Squire^s Tale, and speaks of
Possibly written
it is

In the translation of Yegecius, attributed to thies toures must have crafty wheles made to trille hem lightly to tbe walles." B. iv. c. 17. " I tryll a whirlygyg rounde &houte, Je 2>irouiiUe. l tryll, Je jecte.'''' palsg. See trollynge, i/'/m.
tears trilling or rolling

Trevisa,

said of the "

down the cheeks. Somer castell or

bastile,

PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.
wamclowte, infra.)
Scnttitm,

503
Succ^trsus,
suctts-

Trottynge.

CATH. tripa, CATH. et c. f. magmentum, cath. ozimiim, c. F. Trypet.i Tripula, trita, c. f. (trititra, K. p.)

satura, cath.

Tuyppyn', or stoomelyn'. Cespito. Tryyst, merke. Limes, c. f. meta. Tryyste, wyndas (tryys, k.) Machina, carchesia, cath. troclea,
c. f.

(TuEWAST, 8. A.2 Scmtarius.) Tuowaunt.' Trutannus, infira. TuowAOE. Vectigali. TuowEL,ynstrument. Tridla, cath.

Thuowhe,
KYLW.

vessel

(trow,
c. f.

k.

8.

trough, p.) Alvcus,

alveolus,

TuowGHE,
ide7n

(Troblare,

quod st(r)o-

blare, supra.) Troblon', idem quod torbelon, supra (trobelyn, k.) Trollyn', idem quod tryllyn',
supra.

of a mylle (trow, K. s. trough, p.) Farricajysa, kylw. TuowAWNT (trowent, k. trowande,

p.)

Trutannus, discolus.
s.

TuowANTYSE
antysy,

(troweutyze, k. trowtrowanderye, p.) Trutannia, cath. discolatus {tmtans. trowTrutannizo, cath.

Trollynge, or rollynge. Volucio. Trone. Tronus. Tropere (or ympner, h. or an hymnar, p.) Troparius (hymnarius, p.)

nizatio, p.)

Tuovwonton' (trownton',
antyn, p.)

Tuowthe. Veritas. Tuowthe, or feythefulnesse(trowth

and lewte,
litas.

Troste. Trosty,

Confidencia, fiducia.
sekyr.

k. leaute, p.)

Fide-

Fidus,

fidelis,

Trostyle.

(peifidus, p.) Tristellus,

kylav.

et

Tuow'TE, fysche. Truta, tructa, c. f. Tuubblyn, idem quod trobelyn',

supra.

DICC. tripOS, COMM. Trostly, or sekyrly. Confidenter,

fiducialiter.

TuwE. Vents. Tuuwely. Vere,

veraciter.

Trosty mann, havynge ojjer menys goode in kepynge (trostman,

K.)

TuuwE MANN,
Truwys,
K.)

or womaii.

Verax.

or truce of pees (trwys,

Fiduciarius,

c. f.

Troston'.

Trottare, comm. trottator, sucussator, cath.

Trotton', as hors. Succurso,
c. f.

Confido. horse. Succursarius,

Trvwe, in belevynge. Trukkon, roryii, or

Trumpe.

Treuge, vg. in trepido. Catholicus.

chaungyii'.

Camhio, campso, cath.

2\tba, buccina, tibia.

Possibly a trippet, which, according to Mr. Halliwell's Prov. Dict., is the same as trip, wood, &c. used in the game of trip, in the North of England,as deseribed by Mr. Hunter in his Hallamshire Glossary. The ball is struck with a trip-stick. Tritura is rendered in the Ortus merely in its ordinary sense of threshing. ^ Smittirius signifiesa dealer in old clothes, or a bookbinder. See Ducange. ^ The rupetition of this word here, in the Harl. MS. only, may be an error of transcript. pronunciation in Norfolk, Troant, pronounced as a monosyllable, a Forby gives, as the
'

ball of

truant;

and

to Troant, play

truant.

"

trowane, discolus, trutannus.

To be Trowane, 3 T

trutannizare.'''

cath. ang.

camd. SOC.

504
Trumpet, or a

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Trussyn', or

lytylle tnunpe, that clepvthe to mete, or inen togedur. Sistriim, c. f. (scrmtujn, s.)

make

a trasse.

Sai^-

cino, fardello.

Trumpox".

Biiccino, clango, cath.

Trumpowre.

Buccincttor, tibicen.

Trussyn, and byndyii', as menn done soore lymys. Fascio. Fasciatura, vcl Trussy^kge vp.
fasciatus.

Truxch^tste, staffe (trunchone, k.)

JTustis, ti-unculus,

kylw.
cath.

Trussynge cofur.
c. F. et

Clitella,

comm.

Tronchox, or wardere (trunchyn or

wardrere,
s.

UG. in t.

a.)i Poi-ticulus,

TuBBE,
cuva.

vessel.

Cuvula,^ vel parva

(tuclcyn

Trunchon, wyrme." Lmnhricus, hoc

tamenestfulsum, per c. f. et cath.
{tarinus, secuncluni Levesey, s.)

Tukkyn' vp,orstykkyii' \^
or stychyniTp clothis k.

Trunke,

for

kepynge of
c. F. et

fysche.
k.

Gurgustiwn,
trouthplityn,

cath. nassa.
s.

vp or stakkyn up, vp or stackyn vp

h.

tndvkyn trukkyn

clothes, p.)

Trutheplytyn' (truplytyn,
p.)'''

Affido, c. f.

Suffarcino, cath. TuKKYTfGE vp (of clothys, or styk-

Trusse,

or

fardelle.

Farclellus,

kynge, supra.)

Suffarci{naci)o.

sarcina, cath. et

c. f. (clitella, p.)

Trusselle.*
(cath.
s.)

Trussula,

kylw.

(Trussyd, of
fardellyd,

fardcl, k, trussyd or

TwEYNE, ideni quocl too, supra. TwELWE. Duodecim. TwELVETYMYS. Duodecics. TwEXTY. Viginti.

h.

p.

Furchllatus,

TwENTY

TY3IYS.

Vigesics.
of]>e

sarcinutus.)

TwEST, or twyste,

Trussy^d vp, and bowndyii (trussed vp or bounde, p.) Fasciatus.

of the iye, h. p.) c. F. et UG.

eye (tweeste Hirquus, cath.

cxplaincd in the Catliolicon to be " baeulus parvus ad portandum habilis, pcrtusculus malleolus in navi cum quo gubernator dat signum remigantibus in una vel in gemina percussione." Palsgrave gives " Warder, a staffe." Compare
'

Porticulus

is

et porticulus vel

WARDER, iiifra. * " Lwmhrkus

lumbis
sit."

vermis intestinorum et terre,

quasi lubricus, quia labitur, vel quia in

The following remedy is given " for tronelionys. Take salt, peper, and comyn, evynly, and make yt on powder, and jef it hym or here in hote water to dryiike; or take the juse of rewe and ^if it hym to drynke in leuke ale iij. tymes." Manuale P. Lcke, MS. xv. cent. Another occurs in a MS. version of ^Macer, under tlie " Solue cerfoile witli violet and vyueger, and thisy-dronkyne wole sle vir:ues of Cerfoile. wormis in the bely and the treuehis" {sic). 3 This word occurs between trumpon and trussyn, amongst the verbs, possibly as havCATH.
ing been originally written truplytyn. * In provincial dialect, in some localities, Trussel signifies a stand for a cask. Mr. Wright, in his useful Dictionary of Obsolete English, states that the word signifies also a buudle, the diminutive doubtless of truss, and, in Norfolk, a trestle, a use of the term which Forby has overlooked. Moor gives, in his Suffolk Words, Tressels or Trussels, to bear up tables, scaffolds, &c. " Trusmlla, a trussell." ortus. This word also designated " Trousseau, a trussell, the upper yron or mould that's used the puneh used in coining. in the stamping of coyne." cotg. * Cuniala, or cuuuila Compare covella, cttvelhis, cupa (?) MS. possibly for cuvvila. minor. Duc. F reneh, cuve, cuvedette, a tub.

PUOMPTORIDM PARVULOKUM.
TusTE, or croppe (trest or corfc, 8. a.)"^ Coma. Trut, or ptrot, skornefuUe word
(thprut,
s.

505
Torturu, vel
tlie

threde, infr<i.^ torsurd.

TwYNKELYXGE,

of

cye.

Con-

a.)2

Vath.

niventia, cath.

TuGURRY, schudde.3 Tugurrium. (TwHYTYNGE, supra in telWYNGE.) TwYBYL, wryhtys instrumont (a

wrytys tool K. wryjtys,
sacuta, biceps.
s.)

Twynkyn',-* wythe the eyc (or wynkyn', infra; twynkelyu, k.) Conniveo, catii. nicito, catu.
nicto, o. F. connivo, vg. in colo,

Bi-

conquinisco.

TwYNNE,
Marra,

TwYBYL,

or

mattoke.
c. F.

or twyulynge (twyuuys or twyndelynys, k.) GemeUus,

Dicc. ligo,

geiaella, geminus, c. f.

TwYGGE.
culus.

Virgula, dicc. ramusbc-fore

a-fore

TwYSTE, of the eye (or twest, siipra

twest of the CATH.
2^riolus, c.
iye, p.)

Hirquus,

TwYE LYGHTE,
TwYE LYGHTE,
Crepusculum..

the day.
ny^lite.

Diluculum, CATH.
])e

TwYSTE, of wyne holdyuge.^

F.
et

Ca-

TwYLYGHTE, be-twyx
])e

}>e

day and

UG. in capio, corimbus, cath. corimbus, UG. (TwYTYN, idern quod telwyn, su-

nyghte, or nyghtc and jje day. Hesperus, cath. hespera, UG.

or

pra, H. p.)

TuLY,

colowre.^
c. F.

Puniceus,
VI urina.

vel

Twykkyn,
Twyne,

sum-what drawyn'
Tractulo.

punicus,

(twychyn, k.)
threede.
vel fihim tortum.

Filum torsum,
or
oj)er

Twynyn' threde,
Torqueo, cath.

lyke.

Twtnynge

(or

wyn(d)ynge,

of

or grave for worschypnienne (tvnibe of gretc aud Mausoleiun, worthy men, k.) UG. in mauron. Ttnn(TvMBE, or grave, k. h. p. ba, tumulus, sepidcJwum.)
ffulle

TvMBE,

' Compare tyte tust, supra, p. 494. Palsgrave giveg " Tuske of heer, MoncMn de According to Mr. Halliweirs Archaic Glossary, cheueulx: Tufte of heer," (the same). Tuste has the same signiiication. See croppe, of an erbe or tree, supra, p. 104. " A t\vyste,/)-ofts; to twyste, defrondare ; a twyster of trees, defrondator.'''' cath. ang. * Connpare fy, supra, p. 159. * Cotgrave gives in French, " Taijure, a cottage, a shepheard's coat, shed or buUie."' * This verb is written likewise Twynkyn, in the Winchester MS. Hornian says, in the Twyplynge, Vulgaria, " Overmoche twyngynge of the yie betokethe vnstedfastncsse. coiihivens," &c. Twink, in the dialect of some parts of England, is synonymous with

Wink.

* Thetendrilsof avinearehere intended. " Corlmhi dicuntur anuli vitis, que proxima queque ligant et comnrehendunt." cath. 8 Tuly appears to have been a deep red colour; the term occurs in Coer de Lion, " trappys of tuely sylke," v. 1516, supposedhowever by Weberto heioikde soie. Gawayne,

Among the gifts of Adam, abbot of Peterborough, 1321, a chasuble is pp. 23, 33, &c. nientioned " de tule samito." Sparke, 232. See also in Sloane MS. 73, f. 214, a " Resseit for to make bokerham tuly, or tuly l^red, sevuralum Cristiane de Prake ot Beme;". the color bcing described as " a maner of reed colour as it wcre of croppe mader," which by
a
little

red vinegar was changed to a manner of redder color.

506

rROMPTORlUM PARVULORUM.
(tumblar, p.)
Volutator,

TcMLARE
TumLYn',

(TURBELARE,
lare.)

SUprtt iu

STURBE-

(volutatinx, s.)

VohltO, VoJvO, CATH.

TcMLYNGE. Vobitacio. TuMREL, donge carte. Fimaria,

comm. et cetera tomerel, et in d. TuNDYR, to take wythe fyjr. Funtitubatorium,

(TuRBYTE, spyce, TuRBUT, fysche.

C. F.

S.

A.)3

Turtur,

turho,

supra

in

gus, CATH. {napta, v.)

Gleha, gle^ TuRFE, of the fen, hella, KYLW. TuRFE, of flagge, swarde of J)e er|)e (turfe flag, or sward of
erth, s.)*

Tdnne, vesselle. Dolium. TuxGE, of a beeste. Lingua,glossa. TusGE, of a balance or scolys. Examen, cath. arnentum, cath.
trutina, c, f.

Cespes,

c. f. et

cath.

terricidium,

comm.

TuRRiBLE (or

thoryble,) idem quod SENCERE, supra. ThuriTurryblon', or sencyfi'.

Jico.

TuNGE, of a bocle. Lingula, kylw. TuNHOVE, lierbe (tunnowe, k. thomybow, s, thonnhowe, a.)*

Turmext

(or

torment,
herbe.

supra.)

Tormentum.

Edera terrestiis. TuxxoN, or put drynke or other thynge yn a tunne, or o])er vesselle.

Turmentylle,
tilla.

Tonnencath,

Turmentyn'.
affligo,

Torqueo,

Indolio.

tormento, brit.

TuNKOWRE, idem quod tonowre,

supra.^
'

Turmentyn', ordyseson',or vexou,

Vexo.

(Infusorium, cath. p.)

See the note on hove, or ground ivy, suj^ra, p. 250. Skinner derives tun hove from A. S. tun, se^yes, and hof, ungula, a hoof, from the form of the leaves; the name is, however, more probably as suggested by Parkinson, enumerating the variuus provincial appel" Gill creep by the ground, Catsfoote, Haymaides, and Alehoof most lations of the plant,

generally, or Tunnehoofe, because the countrey people use of Plants, ch. 93. * Compare fonel, or tonowre,si(;*>, p. 170.
3 is

it

much

in their ale."

Theater

The mineral Turbith, a yellow sulphate of mercury, may be here intended. The word found in the Winehester and Add. MSS. only. The term Tuiyethum, however, is explained by Rulandus in his Ltxicoit, Alckeriiiw, as derived from Arabic, and used to designate some bark or root of a plant, which may have been ihe spice with which the compiler of the Promptorium was familiar. See FLAGGE, su[jra, pp. 163, 164, and swarde, p. 482. " Turfe of thefenne, Tourhe Turfe fiagge sworde, Tourhe.'" palsg. " A Turfe, cespes, yleha. A Turfe grafte, de terre. The distinction above intended seems to be retained in East t^irharium.^'' cath. axg. Anglian dialect, according to Forby, who gives the following explanation ; " Turf, s. The dictionaries interpret the word as meaning only peat; fuel dug from boggy ground. the surface of the ground pared off. These we call flags, and they are cut from dry heaths as well as from bogs. The substance of the soil belowthese is turf. Every separate portion is a turf, and the plural is turves, which is used by Chaucer." In Somerset likewise, peat cut into fuel is called turf, and turves, according to Jennings' Glossary. In a collection of English and Latin sentences, late xv. cent. Arundel MS. 249, f. 18, compiled at Oxford for tlie use of scliools, it is said, " I wondre nat a litle how they tliat dwelle by the see syde lyvethe wlien .tlier comythe eny excellent colde, and naraely in suche costys wher {.her be no woodys; but, a.s I here, they make as great a fire of torvesas we do of woode."

PROMPTORIIBI PARVULORUM.

507

TuRMENTOWRE.
C. F.

Tortor, satiUes,

TuRNAMENT,

tdem qiiod tornaMENT, supra. TuRNARE, or he that turnythe a

spete or other lyke.
Versor.

forthe, idem quod TROLLE,^ supra. Turnon bakke (turnyn abak, p.)

Turnon'

TuRNE, Turne,

Dorsiverso. to badnesse.
to goodenesse.

Pervei^to.

Converto.

TuRNSEKE.i
UG.
iri

Vertiginosus, c. f. et

versor.

Turnon', or throwe treyne vessel (trene vessel, s.) Torno, cath.

et

TuRNYD

VESSEL, or othcr thynge, what hyt be (qwat so it be, a.) Toreuma, cath.
Versio, giroversio.

UG. in torqueo.

Turnon' vpse downe (vpsodoun or ouerqwelmyn, k. ouerwhelmyn,

H. p.)
JEverto, (subverto, a.)

TuRNYNGE A-BOWTE.

TURNY^NGE AGEYNE. ReVCrsio. TuRNYNGE, fro badde to goode (fro euyl to goodnes, K.) Conversio.

Turnon', or quelmau (whyhnene, s.y Supino. Turnowre. Tornator, cath. circulatorius, cath. scutellator. TuRTYLBYRD, OT dove (turtyl dowe,
Turtur. Glebarius. (TusMOSE, of flowrys or othyr herbys, supra in tyte xust.^
a.).

TuRNYNGE,
(fro

fro goode to badde goodnesse to euylnes, k.)

TuRVARE.

Perversio. of dyuerse weyys. Diverticulum, cath. diversiclinium, CATH. TuRNYNGE, or throAvynge of treyn of dyuerse vessel (turnynge vessel, K, thi'owynge of treen vessel, s. a.)^ Tornatura, cath. Turnon' a thynge. Verto, verso,
c. F.

TuRNYNGE,

Olfactorium.')

TuTOWRE.

Tutor.

TREE (uv
et c. F.

tre, K.)

Taxus, cath.

Turnon' A-BOWTE(tumyn abowtyn,

k.)

Vacacyone. Vacacio. Vacavnt, not occupyyd. Vacans. Vacherye, or dayrye. Vaccaria,

armentarium,
c. f.

Giro.

Turnon A-3EN'. TuRNON a-wey.

'

Revertor, cath. Averto.

Vaylyn', or
cath.

a-vaylyii'.

Valeo,

" Turn seke, verliginosus, vertigo est illa infirmitas." cath. ang. "Twyrlsoght, verVocab. Roy, MS. De lufirmitatihiis. ^ Treen is retained in E. Anglian dialect as an adjective, wooden. See Moor's Compare throwyn, and throwynge or turnynge of vesselle, Suffolk Words, v. Treen. su2>ra, p. 493. It may be observed that before the manufacture and common use of earthenware, cups, mazers, and various turned vessels of wood were much employed, and the Chaucer, in the Reve's Tale, craft of the turner must have been in constant request. describing the skill of the Miller of Trumpington in various rural matters, says he could " and turnen cuppes, and wrastlen wel and shete." pipe, and fish, make nets, ' Compare tryllyn and trollyn, supra, pp. 502, 503. * Compare ovyr qvvelmyn, siqira, p. 374, and whelmyn, iiifra. * Gouldman givcs " a tuttie, nosegay, posie, or tuzziemuzzie; Fascicuhis."
tigo.'^

508

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
or dale.
Vallis.

Vale,

Veyne, yn a beestys body.

fibi-a,

Vena,

Valva, vel valve. Vanitas. Vanyte. Vapowre. Vapor. Varyawnce, or dyiiersite.

versitas, varietas.

Valwe.

CATH.

Di-

Veel, fiesclie. Vitulina. Velyme. Membrana. Vel^et, or velwet. Velvetus.

A^ENiAWNCE.
K.)

Vindicta, ulcio.

Vario. Varyyn', or dyiiersyii'. Vampe, of an lioose (naumpe, k.)i Pedana, UG. in jyedos, j^edida,

Veniawncere (veniour or vengere,

Vendicator, idtor, vindex.
(or wrekyii', infra.) Vin-

Vengyn'
A^ENYME.

pedules, cath. et ug. Vauntage (or avauntage, k.) Profectus, proventus, cath. emoc. F.

dico, ulciscor.

liimentum, avantagium.

Venenum, virus, cath. Venymyn', or invenymyii' (venynyn or venyuiyn, h.) Veneno,

Vaunton', or
ton'.2

a-vanntofi.' or boos-

Jacto, ostento, cath.

Venymows.

Vp,beryn', or vpberyii'. Supporto.

Vbbrey^dyn, or vpbreydyii'.

Im-

cath. inveneno. Venenosus, virulentus, cath. Venysone. Ferina, cath.

p)ropero, exprohro, convicior (im-

Veerce

(verse, k.)

Versus.

probo, impero, s.) Vbbly, brede to sey wythe masse (or obly, snpra.) Nebula, dicc.
adoria.

Versyfyyn'. Versificor, c. f. cath. VERsiFYOWRE(versyowre, h.) Versificator.

(Vddyr,

of a beeste,

idem quod

iDDYR, supra.) VsE. Usus. VsE, oftyne tymys, ])at ys callyd excersyse (uce of excercyse, k. vseof oftyntyme, s.) Exercicium. Velum. Veyle. Veyyne, or ydyl. Vamis, inanis. Vane, inaniter. Veynely.

Verdyte. Veridicum. Verge, yn a wrytys werke. Vii^gata. Veriowce, sawce. Agresta. Verely. Vere, veraciter. (Verement, or buschement, sujn-a
in B.3

Cuneus,

c. f.)
c. f.

Vermylyone. Minium,
et

cath.

NECC.

Vermy^ne.

Verminium, vennis.
Vitrum.

Verre,

glasse.-*

" Pedana, dicitur pedules novus vel de veteri panno faetus quo calige veteres assuitur, ' Anglice a AVampay. Pcdano, to Wampay. Pedula pedules, pars caligarum que pedeni capit, ^Vampaye." ortus. " Vampey of a liose, Aimntpied, Vauntpe of a hose, Vanlfie.'" "Aya.m^GU,2^cdana,impedm.'''' cath. ang. See theTale of the Knight and his 1'ALSG. Grehounde, Sevyn Sages, v. 843, where, having killed the dog which had saved his child from an adder, the knight is described as leaving his home demented; he sat down in " and karf his vaumpes fot-hot,'' going forth barefoot into the grief, drew off his shoes, wild forest. Here the term designates the feet of the hose or stockings; sometimes it signifies a patch or mending of foot-coverings, as Vamp does at the present time.

'^

* *

Vaunton, as a-vauntoFi, MS. Compare weryyn, or defendyn,

In the Wicliffite version Prov.
it

infra. a. s. werian, munire.

23, v. 31 is thus rendered, " Biholde you not wyin In tlie Awntyrs of Ar^e colour Jjfer of schyne}' in a ver." thure, 444, we rcad of potations served in silver vessels, " with vernage in verrys and cowppys sa clene."
c.

whanne

8parcliJ5,

whanne

PROMPTORIUM PAnVULORUM.

509
Vestiarium, cath. vesdysese.

Vernage, ^v^ne.i Vernagiuin. Vernysche. Vernicium.

Vernyschyn'.2
Vernicio.

Vkstrye.

tibvhtm, UG. et brit.

Vexacyon, and

Vexacio.

Verte grece.
Jlos eris.

Viride

Grecum,

Vexatus. Vexid. Vexyn', or dysesyii'.

Vexo.

Vertesawce,
sawce, p.)

or vergesawce (verd Viride salsamentuvi,

Vggely

(vgly,

8.

vggyll, p.) IlorIlorri-

ridus, liorribilis.

KYLW. Vertu.

Vggely, or vggely wyse.

Vi?'tUS.
biliter.

Vertuowse. Virtuosus. Verveyne, herbe. Verbena,

vervena,
c. f.

vel

Vggelynesse. HorribiUtas. Vggoxe, or haue horrowre (vggyn,

K. H.

ugglyn,

p.)"'

Horreo, ex-

Vesselle. Vas, et plur. vasa. Vestyarye. Vestiaria, vel vestiarium, kylw.

horreo.

Vyalett, or ^'yolet, herbe. Viola. Vialet, yn colowre. Violaceus,

cath.

Vestyaryce
tyar, p.)

(vestiariere,

k.

vesp.)

Vestiarius.

Vyce, rownde grece or steyer

s.

(vicc,

Vestment
^

(or vestymente,

rounde gre,
et c. F.

k.)-*

Coclea, cath.

Vestimentum.

Vernage, Ital, vemaccia, is explained, Acad. della Crusca, to have been an Italian white wine, as Skiiiner conjeetures from Verona, qu. Veroiiaccia. See Ducange, v. Vernackia, and Garnackia ; and Roquefort gives vui de Garnacke. " Vemage and Crete " are mentioned as choioe wines, Sir Degrevant, lin. 1408; in " Colin Blo\vbolle's Testament," notes to Thornton Romances, edited for Camd. Soc. by Mr. Hallivvell, p. 301, we find in an ample catalogue of wines " Veruuge, Crete, and Raspays." In the Forme of Cury, " Regi theriacum in directions occur to " make a syryp of wyne Greke, ether vernage." vino vocato le Vernage dederunt." Ang. Sac. t. ii. p. 371. ^ See directions for making " Vernysche," about the period vvhen the Promptorium was compiled, Sloane MSS. 73 f. 125, b. 3518, f. 102. " Bernyx, or Vernyx, is a hynge y mad of oyle and lynne sed, and classe, with (which) peyntours colours arn mad to byndyn and to shynyn." Ar. MS. 42, f. 45, b. The Latin word above may be more correctly rcad Veriiico. ^ Hardyng relates that S^ Ebbe and the nuns in her company cut oflf their noses and upper lips, (which was " an hogly sight") for fear of the Danes " to make their fooes to hoge {al. houge or vgge) sowith the sight.'' Chron. c. 107. " Uglysome, horryble, exec.ra.-

PALSG. " To ll\ig, alikoniiiiari, detestan, rigere, execrari, fastidere,horrere. Hugsome, ahkomi/uicio, &c. To Vg, ahhominari, &c. ut ia H. litera. Vgsome, Vgsomnes," &C. CATH ANG. 4 4 Vyce, a tournyng stayre, Vis. Vyce of a cuppe, Vis. Vyce to putte in a vessel of wyne to drawe the wyiie outat, ChaiUepleure.''' palsg. Chaucer descrihes how suddenly waking and held the vico in the still night, he paced to and fro, " till I a winding staire found
116.""

(Chaucer's Dream). Here Vice seems to aye in my hond," softly creeping upvvards. In the Contract for building designate the newel, or central shaft of the spiral stair. " In the sayd stepyll shall be a Vyce tourFotheririghay church, 1435, is this clause, nyng, serving till the said body, aisles, and qwere both beneth and abof ;" the " vyce dore" and amongst of the steeple is mentioned in Churchwardens' accounts at Walden, Essex payments for building Little Saxham Hall, 1506, occur disbursements for a vice of freeanother of brick, which last is called in the context a " staier." Gage's SuflFoIk, stone, and " and In the earlier Wicliflfite Version, Ezek. 41, v. 7, is thus rendered pp. 141, 142. a street was in round, and stiede upward bi a vice [cockleam), and bar in to l>e soler of l^e temple by cumpas (styinge vpward by the hee^ toure" later version.) " A vyce, nhi a turne grece." cath. axg. Roquefort gives " Viz. ; escalier tournant cn forme de vis."

6ia

PROMPTORTUM PARVCLORUM.

Vyce, hood speiynge.i Sjnra. Vyce, synne or defaute. Vicium. Vycyowse. Viciosus. Vycyowsnesse. Viciositas. ViCTORYE. Victoria, trophea,
palma, triumphus.

Vyny,

})at

brj-ngythe

forjie

grete

grapys. Bumasta, cath. et c. F. Vyny leef. Pampinus, cath. abestrum, c. f. et ug. v. in b.

Vyctowre. Vygorowse.
rocitas.

Victor, triumphator.

ViGOROwsxESSE.

Vigorosus, ferox. Vigorositas, fek.)

Vycaryage
caria.

(^-ikeriage,

Vi-

Vynejerde. Vinetum, vinea. Vyntenere. Vinarius. Vyolence. Violencia. Vyolent. VioJens, violentus. Vyolently. Violenter. Virgyne, or maydene. Virgo. (Vyolet, ideyn quod vyalett.)
(VioLET, coloure, k. h.
p.

Viola-

Vyker. Vylaxye,

Vicarius.

ceus.)

or Tjdonye. verecundia.
(vilens,

Ignominia,
vjlence, s.)
k. vynegjr,

Vyrgyne wex.
Vyrne,
Vyrnyn'
(closyn
or

Cera virginea.
(cerkyll,
p.)^

sercle

Vyolens

k.

Ginis, anibitus, circulus.

Inp(ud)e7is (impudens, p.)

a-bowte,
abowtyn,

or
k.)

closyii'

Vynagere
p
)-

(v}'nagre,

Vallo,

Vinariu7n.

circunivaUo.

Vynegre
ac?'e.

(v)'ne egyr, h. p.) Acetum, vinum acidum, kylw. vinum

Vyrnyn'a-bowte, orgoii a-bowte.

Vyrolfe,
Amhio, circttmdo, cath. of a knyfe (virol,
roll, p.)*

k.

vy-

Vyny,

or vyne.

Vitis.

Sph^ula.

' Some kind of brooch. a fastening for the hood, seems to be here intended. The ccqntium, or chevesaille, was closed at the neck with some such ornament, to wliich, from certain peculiarities in its fasiiion, the name spira may have been properly assigned. Chaucer describes, Rom. of the R. v. 1080, that with a tasseled gold band and enameled knops " was shet the riche chevesaile " worn by Richesse. ' Vinarium, according to Ducange, may signify a vineyard, or a wine-vessel, poculum, The term which occurs above may, however, designate a vessel for vinegar, Vinaigrier, Fr. The cruets for wine, or hureUes, for the altar, are sometimes called vinagerice, or viaa-

cherice.

may probably be traced to the French Virohner, to veere, turne about wheel about, &c. cotg. From the rotatory movement doubtless certain mediteval machines were called Yernes, or Fearnes, as in accounts of works at Westminster Palace, i.Edw. I,, where, with payments for ropes, &c. mention frequently oceurs of " gynes voc' fernes ;" and, in the Compoius of W. de Kellesey, clerk of tlie works, 132S, many payments occur for timber and iron-work, " circa facturam cujusdam Vtrke sive Ingenii constructi pro meremio majoris pontis aquatici Westmonasterii rupti decaso et jacente in aqua Tamisie ibidem exinde levando et guyndando." Misc. Records of the Queen's Remembrancer, 2 Edw. IIT. ^^ MouUnet a brassieres, the barrell of a windlesse or feume. Chevre, the engine called by architects, &c. a Fearne." cotg. The ring of metal now termed a ferrule. The Duchess of Brabant gave to her father Edw. I., as a new year^s gift, ''j. par cultellorum magnorum de ibano et eburn' cum viroir arg' deaur." Lib. Gard. 34 Edw. I. In the St. Alban's Book, sign. h. j. are directions for makmg a fishing-rod " Vyrell the staffe at bothe endes with longe hopis of yren or laten in the clennest wyso, with a pyke in the nether ende, fastnyd wyth a rennynge vyce to take in and oute youre croppe " (j. e. the top joint).
^

This terra

Virer, to

PUOMPTORIUM PAUVULOnUM.
Vysage, or face. Fackfi. Vyserk. Larva^ c. f. Vytalere. Victuarius, kvlw. VvTALY, or vytayl. Victuale. ViUAGE, idem quod omage, supra.
(VxBUxuii, siipra in sturdy.) Vncowthe. Extraneus, excoticus, COMM. Vncowt(h)ly. Extranee. Vnderne (vndyi*ne, h. vndermele, v.y Suhmeridianuin, subinesimbria, c. f. in mesimbrta.

oU
vndeudelk.)

ynge,p.) idem quod UYNGE, supra.

Vnderneme (vndyrnymmyn,

Reprehendo, deprehendo, arguo, redarguo. Vndernemynge. Deprehensio, rcprehensio, redargucio,

(Vndyrnethyn,
Subter, suhtus.

k. vuderncthe, h.

(Vnder puttyn,

Vnder,

or vndernetlie.

Suhtus,

subter (sub, v.)

or berynup, k. vndyr' settyn, to bere vp a thyng, H. Suffulcio, cath. suppono.) Vnder puttynge (vndirput, k.)

Vnder

clothe, of a bedde. Lodix, cath. Vndersettyn'.2 Suppono.

Suhposicio,

Vndersettyn', or vnderschoryn'.
Fulcio, suffulcio, uo,

Vndersetthnge.

Vnder Vnder
p.)

et cath. Fulcimentum, delvyn. Suffodio, cath. deluynge (or grubbynge,

Vndersettynge, idem quod vnderputtynge. Vnderstondyn'. Inielligo. Vndeustondynge, yii wytte. /nteUigencia, intellectus.

Vndeustondynge,
telligens,

or wytty.

//;-

Subfossura, subfossio.
Suscipio,
Susceiicio.

VndertakyS',
Manucapio.

as

borowghe.

Vnder fongyn'. Vnder fongynge.

Vndertake, idem quod vndeuNEME, (or chalengyn', or snybbyii',)

Vndergoynge. Submeatus. Vnderleyyn', idem quod underputtyn'.

supra.

(Vndertakynge, idem quod snybinfimus.

subjecto,

Vnderlynge. Suhditus, Vnderlowton'. Suhjicio,

CATH.

Vnycorne,

Deprehencio.) Unicornis, rinoceros, cath.

beest.

BYNGE,

Vndermele.3 Postmeridies,

j^ost-

mesimbria, merarium, mer.

Vndermyndyn, zV/m quod vnderdelvyn', supra.

Universitas. Vnyuersyte. Vacuus. VoYDE. VoYDE, or vacaunt. Vacans.

VoYDAUNCE
(vnderniyn-

(or voydyiige, infra.)

Vnder myndynge,
'

Vacacio, evacuacio.

Undcrn, tlie tliird hour of tlie ilay, Ang.-S. Unclern, oeciirs in Cliaueer, Sir Launfal, Liber Festivalis, &c. Sir John Maiindevile sajs that in Ethiopia, and other hotcoun. tries, " the folk lyggen alle naked in ryveres and waterea from undurne of the day tille ii be passed the noon (a dioi hora tertia usque ad nonam)." ^ Vnderfettyn, MS. as also the verb follovi^ing. Doubtles errors of the copyist. ' Chaucer mentions " undermeles and morweninges," Wife of Bathes T. See Nares, " An orendron, meridiif; An orendrone mete, merdnhi : To ete orendrone Coles, &c. mete, merendinare.^' catii. anc. "0'oi'hir, an aunders meat, or afternoones repast." coiG.

CAMD. SOC.

"

512

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(voydid, k.

VoYDY, or a-voydjd

vovdyn, 9. voyded or auoyded, p.) Evacuatus. Vacno, Voydyn', or a-woydyii'.

evacuo.

Vpberere. Supportator. Vpberyxge. Supportacio. (Vpbreydyn, k. Impropero, convicor, exprohro.)

VoYDYNGE, idem VOYCE. VOX.

or fowlys.
Volatile.)

quocl

voydauxce.

Vpholdere, ])at selly the smal thyn Velaber, kylw. velahra. gys." Villanus, Vplosdysche mann.3
UG. in valeo.

VooK,i idem 0(7 volatylejbiyddys

Volatile.

Vpward.
K. H.
P.

Sursuin.
so doun, s.)

(VoLATiLE, wyld fowle,

A^psedowne (vp

Ever-

sus, suhve7'sus, transversus.

VoLYME, booke. Volumen. Teristrum, VoLY'PERE, kerche. CATH. ccdieiuhum, c. f. VoMYTE, or evomyte, brakynge. Vomitus, c. F. et cath. Vow, or a-vow. Votum. Vowchesaf. Dignor. Vowyn', or make a-vowe. Voveo. VowTE, of a howse. Testudo, lacunar, cath. et c. f.

Vrchone,
cius,

Erinacius, eribeest.4 utraque cath. et c. f. sine

H. litera.

Vrynal (or orynal, supra.) Urinale.

VsAGE, or vse (or osage.) Usus. Consuetudo. VsAGE, or custome. VscHERE. Hostiarius.
Vsyn'. Utor, fruor. Vsyn', in custome (or cstomyn, k.)
Usito.

VowTYD. Arculatus, testudinatus. Vowtyn', or make a vowte. Arcuo,

testudino.

Vsyn', or hawntyn'. Frequento. Vsyn', yn sacrament receyvynge.

Communico,

c. f.

Sic MS. "Vook; vox,'''' in MS. H. and P. after " Yoys; tm;" it is not found in MS. K. Possibly an error by the second hand. Volattle, wyld fowle, altile, oceurs immediately
'

after, in

Vers.

the other MSS. " Mibolis and my volatilis ben slayn." Matt. c. xxii. v. 4, Wicl. Piers of Fulham complains of the luxury of his day, when few could put up with

brawn, bacon, and powdered beef, but must fare on " volatile, venyson, and heronsewes." Hartshorne, Met. Tales, p. 125. See also Coer de Lion, v. 4225. ^ " Vpholstar, //;'^j/ji'e>-." palsg. Caxton, in the Booke for Travellers, gives '"'Vpholdsters viesu-ariers. Euerard the ^'pholster can well stoppe (estoupper) a raantel hooled, full agayn, carde agayn, skowre agayn a goune and alle old cloth.'" ^ See, in Stat. 37 Edw. III. c. 3, de victu et vestitu, regulations regarding the price of pouhry, that of a young capon not to be above 3 den., an old capon 4 den " et que es villes a marchees de Vpland soient venduz a meindre pris," as agreed between buyer and seller. " Rude, rustycal, or vplondyssche, rustirvs.'''' Whitinton Synon. " Vplandysshe man, pai/sant; vplandyssheness, rwralite.'" palsg. Horman says " Vplandysshe men (afjricoli) lyue more at hartis eese than som of us. The monk stole away in an vplandisshe mans wede (villaiico iadutus panno). In as moche as marchaundis is nat lucky witli me, I shall go dweli in Vplande (rus concedam) ." See Riley's Gloss. Liber Albus, v. Uplaund. " An Vrchone, ericius, erinacius." cath. ang. " Urchone, herisson. Irchen, a lytell beest full of prickes, herisoii." palsg. In Italian, " Riccio, an vrehin or hedgehog.'" FLORIO. Horman says that " Yrchyns or hedgehoggis be fuU of sharpe pn'ckillys Porpyns haue longer prykels than yrchyns." Aecording to Sir John Maundevile, in the Isles of Prester John's dominions " there ben Urchounes als grete as wylde swyn wee clepen hem poriz de Spyne ;" p. 352

rnoMrTouiuM parvuloruji.
Vsyn', yn ofFycc. Fungor. (VSTYLMENT, StipiXl ill UURDYSE.
UtensUe.)

513
or wauerynge.

Wagoynge,
cillacio.

Va-

VsuRERE. Usurarius. (VsuRYE, K. p.) Usura, supra ocuR, and gowle.

Wagstert, byrd. Teda, vel toda, ug. Waymentyn', or waylyiT.2 Lain

Waymentynge,

mentor, gemo, ejulor, c. F. plango. or waylynge. La-

VTTREsT,andlasteofalle(vttereste, 8. vttirmest, p.) Ultimus, extremus, novissimus.

Wayne,
Wayne,

mentacio, ^jlanctus, ejidatus. Plaustrum, reda, carte,

c. F. birota, c. f.

of a garlement (wayyn,

K. H. of a

garment,

p.)^

Laci-

Wad,

or "wode, for lystarys (lit-

nia, cath.

stars,

T.y Gando.
or wadyii.

Wadon,

AVadyn' ovyr.

Vado. Transvado.

Wayowre. Vadium, vadimonium. Wayowre, stondynge watyr (waVa-

Wadynge,
dacio.

tliorowghe watyr.

Waferare,

or waferere (wafuiTer,

K. wafyrar or wafyrer, s.)

frarius,' gafraria.

Ga-

yowr' or way^owr', water', ?.)* Piscina, cath. AYTE.^ Spec2ilator(exploi-ator,v.) Wayte, a spye. Explorator. Wayte, waker. Vigil.

Waytyn', or
after, p.)^

a-spyyii'

(waytyn

AVafur, or wafyr.

Gafra. Wage, or hyre (wagere or hyre, p.) Stipendium, salarium. Wagyn', or leyne a waiowre. Vador, cath. et UG. Wagynge, or leyyuge waiowre.
Vadiacio.

Ohservo, cath.

Waytyn',
sidior.

or

to harme, k. to

done harme (waytyn harmyn, p.) In-

Waytynge,

or a-spyynge wythe euyl menynge. Observacio, cath (Waytynge, or a-spyynge, s. Lx-

Waggyn', or mevyn'. Moveo. Waggon', or waveron', or stere

be

ploracio.)

Waytynge
grame,

to doii

harme

(to

don
Vi-

hyt

selfe

as

a
])e

thynge
self as

s.)

Insidie.

hangynge (steryn be

Waker,

or he that wakythe.

thynggys Jiat hangyn, s.) Vacillo.

gilator.

QGn

& vjiusiirj, '^Ji" vjii\\

tlj'

u.

"

X weiiiciiL, i luaive iijuiie, t/c

y/te

y c/

//ic/n-c

xi,

vjjva

mj

Lk^i*^

yll to

here the poore boye wement

whan

his

mother was gone.

AVeymentjng, Grauite."

PALSG.
^

or a garlement, MS.
oro. i'c;5^w.'"

" Lauientor, to wayment." med.

text appears preferable.

mitas vestiracuti,"

and likewise in MS. S. Compare garmente, supra, Compare trayle, or &e. cath.
ortus. Ft. guenelle
;

in Pynson's printed Lacinia, ora sive extre" Lacinia, trayne, supra, p. 499.
p.

The reading
187.
'

a hemme,
* *
*

haaderolle,
a pond. Lat.

"Wayre, where water is holde,G'o)-<." palsg. In Suffolk,AVaver, Compare spy, or watare, supra, p. 469. See also kekvvn, or priuely waytyn, scpra, p. 209.

Vivarmm.

514

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
gretely be nvgiite. Per-

Wakare,
nox.

sarciuncula,

c. r. et

hisaccia, c. f.

gardianum;

istud habetur se-

Wakyk', and noAvt slepyii'. Vigilo. Wakyn', and lysyii' or secyii' fro slepe (wakyn owt of slej), k. )
Expergiscor, cath. devigilo, evigilo, CATH. Wakyn', or reryii', or rcvyn of slepe (wakyn or reysyn, &c. k. s. renyn oute of slepe, v.
JExcito, expergcfacio.

cundum extraneos alterius ierre. Wallys, of a towne. Menia.

Walkyne

(or welkyne, infra) or the fyrmament. Firmamentum. Walkyn', or gone (goon, s.) Amhulo, 10, spacior, gradior, incedo. AValkyxge abowte, or goynge.

Walkynge
s.)

Deamhulacio, spaciatus. Deamhulaplace.

torium, co3IM. (peribolus, p.)

Wakynge,
Wakynge,
gilacio,

or wetclie (wacli,
wythe-o-\^i:e slepe

Vigilia, vel vigiUe.

Vi-

cath.

Wallyn', or make walle. Muro. Wal^iynge, of the stomake (or wamclynge, infra ; wamlyng, h.
v.amHnge,
p.)^

Wakyr. Pervigil. Wal. Murus, maceries, maceraria, c. F. (maceria, s.)

Walnote.
communis

Nausia. Avelana; hoc

dicit

scola,

Wal, wowe
welk,
s.)

Wallare. Wallare,

(wal or wowe, k. Paries. Murator, machio, c.

]:>at

p.

men

c.

f. et

contrarium tacath. dicxmt, cum

eds
sit

f.

avelana secundum parva.

nux

werkythe wythe
Ceinentarius.

stone and morter.

Waloppqn, as Waloppynge,
tacio.

horse.

Volopto.'^

of horse.

Volop-

Wale, Wale,
idein

of a schyppe. Patis, cath. or strype after scornynge,^

Waltrynge,
lutacio.

or welwynge (wal-

quod strype, supra.

seek,

teringe or walowynge, p.)^

Vo-

Walette,
'

or poke.

Siset c, f.

tarcia, vel sistercia,

cath

Walworte,

herbe.

Ehulus.

Conipare reysvn vp fro slepe, sujira, p. 428. " Probably for Compare scow"ryn wytlie a balcys, sujrra, p. 450; and scorynfje. STRYPE, or scborynge wythe a baleys, p. 480. The reading of MS. S. is stonyng (? an " Wall of a strype, E/ifleure.'^ palsg. error by the copyist for scoryng.) " Nauseo, evomere, et proprie in navi ad voniitum provocari, et voluntatem vomendi " Alhvtcr, to wamljle as a queasie stomacke to wanible." ortis habere sine affectu dothe."coTG. In Trevisa^s version of Barth. de Proprict. it is said of mint, " it abateth with vynegree parbrakiiige, and castinge, that comethe of febelnesse of the vertueretentyf ; it taketh away abhominacion of w?.ml)lyng and abatethe the yexeing." ^ To Wallop, according to Forby, signifies in Norfolk to move fast with effort and agitaCompare Jamieson. " But Blanchardyn with tion, as tlie gallop of a oow or carthorse. a glad chere waloped his courser as bruyantly as as he coude thurglie the thykkest of all Blanthe folke, lepyng here and tliere as hors and man had fowghten in the thayer." chardyn and Eglantyne, Caxton, ]4S5. Cotgrave gives the phrase " JBouiller une onde, to boyle a while or but for one bubble, or a wallop or two." * Compare welwynge, i/ifra. " Walterynge as a shyppe dothe at the anker, or one y' See Forby, v. Walter, or tourneth from syde to syde, En voultrant.^' palsg. adverbially. Woher, lo roll and twist about on the ground, as coru laid by the wind, &c. or as one
* ;

iolled in the mire.

rUOMPTORlUM PARVULORUM.
8WETE, siijmi in bytteu swETE, (walow swete, s.) Wamclowte, trype, svpra in TRYPE. Wamelon', yn the stomake (wamIvn, p.)
A^(ii(s(e)o,
]>e

515
k.

Walhwe

(Wansynge,

wasyng

or wan^p.

yng, h. wansynge or wasinge, Decrescencia.) Wantynge. Carencia.

ug. v.

Wanschon', idem quod wanson' (wanshon, idem quod wanson',

s.)

AV^^amelynge, of

stomake, ideni
or

quod WALMYNGE, supva.

Wanton',
bleyke.

or

lakkyu'.

Careo,

Wanne,

of

coloure,

cath.

Pallidus.

Wanson' (wan^yn,

Wanbeleuare. Perfidus, perfida. Wanbeleue, or wanbeleueaiesse

(wanbeleuynge, k.
s.) p.

k. wansyn, p.) Evaneo, cath. evanesco. Wanson', or wanyii', as jje monc.

wambeleve,

Decresco.

Perfidia, diffidencia.
|at

Wantowe (wantown, h.
s.

wantynge,
dis-

Wanbode, he

byddyth lytylle for a thynge (wambode, s. he that bedyt nowt to pe wbrthe, k. )5at bydyt nowt to wurth or val\',
H. Avan bode, p.) Invalidus, licitator,

wanton, p.)-

Insolens,

solutus.

Wantowhede,
hede,
p.

or wantownesse (wantownhede, k. h. s. wantonor Avyykhiesse, infira.)

cath. Wande, or wonde. Virga. Wandebare. Vagus, vaga, vacahundus, profugus.

Insolencia, dissolucio.

Wappon',3 or hyllyii' wythe clothys

or o])er lyke.

Tego, contego.
yii

Wappyn',
ck)thys.

or

wyndyiT a-bowte

Wanderyn a-bowte (wandryn

bowtyn, K.)Vagor,girovagor,

a-

Involvo.
or baffyii' as

c.f.

Wappyn',
CATH.

howndys

Wanderynge.

Vagacio.

(or snokyn, k. p. supra.) Nicto,

Wane,

or

wantynge.

Ahsens,

deessens.

Wange
'

toothe.

Wanhopyn'.^
grave gives

Molaris. Despero, difiido.

Wappon', or berkyu', idem quod BERKYN, supra.* Wappynge, happynge or hyllynge

Compare Med. Gr. Harl. MS. 2257, " Desj)ero, a spe cessare, to wanhope." Pals" Wanhope, desespoir." Horman says m the Vulgaria, " Thou shalt put them out of wanhope," {error); and, in the version of Vegetius (Roy. MS. 18 A. XII.) amongst sleights of war, it is said " They Jj' besege cities they w'drawe hem a-wey fio the sege as thoughe they were in despeire or wanhope of )>e wynnyng." The word occurs likewise, Sir J. Jlaundevile, p. 346, and in Piers Pl. jxissim. * Compare wax wanton, iiifra, where the reading of MS. K. is wantowe.

wrapping. the copy of Pynson's edition in Mus. Brit. liere supplies idem qaod wrappoiT, infra; and also Lappy.n, or whappyTi " Ilap, to cover or wrap up. Wap, to wrap. yn c\ij\>'^&, Sii.pra, T^. 2^1 . Forby gives to In Arund. MS. 42, f. 81). it is said that Vocab. of E. Angl. Sui-G. wipa, involvere.'''' " for hc frenesy is a myjty medycyn yf J>" take a whelpe and splat hyni as ho opene}> a swyn and al hot wap Jje hed {'eryn;" and, f. 41, a poultice of houseleek and tlour " wapped and hiled vvel with grene levys," is given as a rcmedy for gout. Compare Forby, ". Wappet, a yclping cur; and Yap. Dr. Caius gives " Wappc," in
'

A marginal note in

Compare wyndy.n' yn

clothys,

**

tlie

sanie scnse.

De Canibus

Brit.

516

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

(lappynge, s. lappinge, p.) Co~ opertui'a,coopencio (^involucio^v .)

Warder,
jira).

stafife

(or tronchon, suc. f. jjerticulus,

Bacillus,

Wappykge,

of howndys,

whan J>ey
])ey

folow liere pray or that they

wolde harme to (or

]>'

wold

CATH, p)orticulus. Warde rope, of clothys. Vestiaria, zaherna vel zuhanta, UG.
in saherna.

havyn

do, s.)
nicto.

Nicticio, niccio,

CATH. in

Warderopere.
k.) or

Vestiarius, za-

Wappyxge

(of howndys,

bernarius.

War,

berkynge. Bajulutus, latratus. or a-war (aware, k. p.) Cautus, CATH. precavens.

Wardone,

peere.
tree.""

Wardone
Ware,

Volemum, cath. Volemus, cath. Mercimonium,

or chaffare.

Warant. Protector, defensor. Waraxtyse. Warantizacio. Warbote, wyrme.i Emigran{e)us,

Warbrace, or bracere.2
(dextrale, p.) Warde, of herytage.
boa, UG. V. {omigramus, p.) Bracliiale

nota supra in chaffare. Warre, or knobbe of a tre (knotte of a tre, k.)* Vertex, cath.

Wareyne. Waryare,

Warina.
or bannare.

Imprecamale-

tor, -trix, anatliematizator,

Warda.
Tricatura,

dicus, cath. vel maledica.

Warde,
KYLW.

of a lokke.
et

Waryn',

C03IM.

in chaffare (warpi or chaffarynge, k. p.) Mercor.

Ward,

of

kepynge
s.)

kepynge,

(ward or Custodia, conser-

Waron,
k. p.)

or bestowyn' (in byynge,

Commuto, comparo, cath.

Imprecor,

vacio {observacio, p.) AYarde corce, clothe (wardecose, K. Avard corscloth, s. wardcorce,

Waryyn',

or ciirspT. maledico, execror.

Waryynge.5

Malediccio, impre-

Tunica, tunicella. Wardeyxe. Gardianus.

H.)3

cacio {anathematizacio, P.)

Warysone.6 Donativum, ptossessio.

' " Emigramus vermis, the mj'gryne or the heed worme " ortus. Compare in Lat. Eng. Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "/Jtio, exbane or warbodjile." In Norfolk swellings on " Warbot, the hides of cattle caused by maggots are called Warbles or Warblets. forby. a worme, escarlot." palsg. - " Wambrache or wambrase, hrachialla." Vocab, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "Dextrale, a " Dextrale, ornamentum brachiale commune viris et braser or a wardebrace." med. gr.

mulieribus (a bracell.) Dexiraliciurd,

vel brachiale." cath. ang.
'

i.

dextrale (a bracer.)" ortus.

"

A brasure, braciale

Tlie precise fasliion of this garment may be uncertain ; the name is doubtless derived from Fr. Garde-corjiS, which was, according to Roquefort, " habillement qui couvroit la

poitrine." "
*

ward

corse,

reuo.''''

" Warre or knobbe,

neu.''''

catu. ang. palsg. " JVceud, a knot, &c.

knurre, or knurle, in

trees." cotg.
* " Devoveo,to vowe, towary or to coursse. Ahhomiaor, to wlate, lothe, hate and warye. " Warryeng, cursyng, maledictioii, -I warrve, I banne Aversor, to curse or warye." MEn. or cursc, Je maulJis. This is a farre nortliren terme." palsg. Ang. Sax. Wirian, wirgian, maledicere. Tho word is used iu Laneashire.

Compare e.nuwyn, and yevc warysone, Doto, supro,

p. 2G1,

and lyflode, or wary-

sone, p. 308.

PUOMPTORIUM PARVULOnUM.

517

Warely, or (Warlare,
Traulus.)

slyly.
01*

Caute.

blaffoorde,

supra^

K.) of vessel fat wax wronge or avelonge (warpy ng or waxynge

wronge, k.)

Warlok, Warlok,

herbe.2

Eruca. a fetyr lok (warloc of

Warpynge,
water.

Ohlongacio. of the see or

o}>er

Seirt pedicalis,vel compediculis (co)npedalis, s. p.) Warme. Calidus, fervidus.

feterloc, p.)

Alluvium, UG. Warschyn', or recuryn of sekenesse."*

Convalesco, convaleo.
Co7i-

Waryschynge, of sekenesse.
valescencia.

Warmon'.

Calefacio.

Warmynge. Calefactio. Warxere. Warinarius. (Warnyxge, k. Preminucio.y

Warnon'. Moneo, commoneo (premoneo, admoneo, p.) threde for webbynge. Stamen, licium, cath. {licerium, p.) (Warpyd, or auylonge, s. supra
in A.)

Wasche, watur or forde

Vadum.

(forth,

s.y

Wasche

clothys, or o]>er thyngys.

Lavo, ahluo.

Waschynge.

Warp,

Waschynge
Waschynge
Waspe.

Locio (ahlutio, p.) betyl, or batykiore.

Feritorium, dicc. et kylw. vessel. Luter, cath.

Vesjja, scrabo,

Warpyn',
Curvo.

or

make wronge.
k. h. p.

Waspysnest.
et

cath. Vesparium, cath.

UG. in vir.

(Warpyn, or waxyn wronge,

Incurvo.)

Waste,

of a mannys myddyl (wast of the medyl, k. p.)6 Vastitas,

Warpyn',

or aveOblongo. Warpon', as webstarys. Stamino, or

wex wronge

CATH.

longe, as vesselle.
licio,

Wast,
.

or wastynge. Dispendium, consumpcio, vastacio, vastum,

UG.

prodigalitas,

kylw.
Libellus.

WARPYNGE,of webstarys werkynge.

Staminacio.

Wastel, Wastyd.

breede.

Warpynge
'

(or

waxynge wronge.

Vastatus, consumptus, devastatus.

also drotare, travlus, supra, p. 133. MS. a false reading which appears to be corrected by that of MSS. K. s. Pynson's text Warlok, herbe. Compare mustard, or warlok, or se(n)vyne, herbe, and by siqyra, p. 349. ' Sic, doubtless for premomcio. * In the version of Macer on the Virtues of herbs, it is said that by the juice of " honysouke" sodden witli salt, a woman " is warisshed of a noious bohiynge." The word "I warysshe, I recover niy occurs in Chaucer, Tale of Melib. Sevyn Sages, v. 1097, &c. This tcrrae is novve lytel used heltli after a sycknesse or daunger (Lydgat) Je me garis. thoughe Lydgate hath it often." palsg. " To warish, vidc deliver," gouldm. * The Friar Galfridus of Lynn, by whom this Dictionary is believed to have been compiled, was famihar with the great adjacent iidet of the German Ocean, the Wash, into which the fenland rivers discliarge themselves, bringing down an abundant alluvial dcposit, whieh, by the process termed warping (occurring above) may ultimately produce a In Suftblk a brook without a bridge is called vast extent of land available for cultivation. Palsgrave gives " Wasshe of water, viarre.'"' Compare foorde, vadum, supra. a Wash. Compare mvddyl, of J^e waste of mannys body, sujrra, p. 337..^
*

herbere,

Compare

*"

518

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUW.
or
s.

Wastynge,
p.)

emptyschynge *

Watrynge
byfi

(cmtvsynge,

eneyntysshjnge, Exinanicio.
Vasto, consumo
(flis-

place, where beestys wateryd (ben wattryd, k.

s.

arne,

are watteryd, p.)

Ada-

Waaston'.
sipo, p.)

quarium (piscina, p.) Watron', bestys. Adaquo.

Wastowre.
clator.

Pro^Iif/us, vastator.

Watron', herbys(or other

Irrigo, rigo, Jwmecto.

lyke, p.)

AVastowre, of

a pLice.

Dilapi-

Wawe,
or

of tlie see or other water.

c.

.Watere,

Watte, propyr name (Wateere, or Water, proper name of a man, s.) Waltenis. Watyr, element or lycm-e. Aqua, uncla, limpha, numpha, latex. Watyr berare. Aquarins, acptaria.

Flustrum, cath. fuctus, unda, venilia, cath.

f.

Waverynge.
tacio.

Vacillacio,

mu-

Waueron'. Vacillo. Waueron', yn hert for vnstabylnesse (yn hert or yn stabyhies,

s.)

Watyr

cresse. aquaticum.

jVasturciian

3Iuto

{iiuto, K.)

Waueron',
Aqnehihus,
Agito.

or mevyii' or steiyn.

Water dryxkare.
CATH. acpiehiha.

Wawyn',
in

or waueryn,

yn a myry

Waterforowe,
foore,
H.
p.
c. F. sulcus,

londe (water
s.)

totyr.3

Oscillo, ug. v.

fore,

Elicus,

Wax.

UG. V.

Waxyn',
Sanguis-

Cera. or

growyii'.

Cresco,
k. h. r.)

Watyr
suga.

leche, wyrme.

accresco (excresco, p.)

Waxyn,'
lyly. Nunfar (ninifar, v.) lesu.2 Aquagium, c. f.
Iclria.

(or anoyntyn,

Watyr Water

wythe waxe.

Cero.

Waterpott.

Water Water
Watry,
stis,

soggon'.

wey.

Aquosus. Meatus.

Wax Wax Wax

s.)

Frigesco. colde. Claresco, sereno. clere. eld, or olde (holde, k. wolde,

Seneo, senesco. dul. Ebeo. febyl, or wery. Fatesco. Pinguesco. fatte.

or fulle of water.

Aquo-

aqmlentus.
or fulle of moysture. //(/of herbys
Irrigacio.

Watry,
midus.

Watrynge,
thyngys.

and

o])er

Wax Wax Wax Wax Wax Wax Wax

grene. leene.

Viresco.

Murcesco
Mitesco.

(ina-

cresco, macesco, p.)

Watrynge,
beestys.
'

or ^e^-ynge drynke to

meke.
rype.

Adaquacio.

Maturesco.

Sk, MS. Compare anttnttschyn, or enyntyschyii, exiaavio, mpra, p. 12, and EXYYNTYSCHEN, or wastvn, 6?7;/-a, p. 1 40. dieitur aqueduetus, ^ Aquagium, according to the Ortus, canalis in quo ducitur aqua, a condyth." Here above, probably, the term signities a watered pasture or nieadow, a leese, Ang. S. Isesuw, pascuum. ^ Scc MYRY TOTTVR, chyldervs game, smira, p. 338, and totyr, p. 498. To wawe
,.
,

occurs
that
it

in tlie

nioregeneral senseofshaking, wapging, &c. as in l,

Kyng

Alis. v. 1164,

we read

was

riglit nicrr_\|iji hall

" when

tlie

burdes wawen

alle.''

I'R0M1>T0RIUM PARVULORUM.

r.i9

Waxe

seke. Egrotasco^ infirmesco

Acesco.

{injiiinor, egroto, p.)

Wed, fro noyows wedys (wede as a man wodyth conie, p.) Runcatus.

(waxjn wantowe, k. waxyn wantowne, p.) Insolesco. Wax weyke. Insolesco. Wax wery. Fatesco. Wax wylde. Silvesco. Wax wode. Insanesco. Wax 3UNGE (waxyn yonge, p.)
Juvenesco. Waxyxge, wytlie wax.
cencia.

Wax sowre. Wax wanton'

Weed,
c. F.

or wyyld herbe.
et

Aborigo,

UG.

in orior, herha sil-

vestris, vel

Wedare. Runco, Wede, clothynge.

herba nociva. cath. et ug.

Indumentum,
Runco,
f.

vestimentum. Wede, corne or herbys. cath. et UG. sarculo, c.

Ceracio.

Wax^TsGE, or growynge.

Cres-

Weddyd. Nuptus, gamus, c.f. et ug. Weddyd, to on and no moo. Mo-

Webbe. Tela. Webbare, or make(r)

clotlie.

of wollyn Lanifex, cath. lanijica, telaria, cath.

of

Webbare,

lynnyne

clothe.

Weddyd, Weddyd, Weddyd, Weddyd, Weddyd,

Linifex, ug. in lenio. Webbon', clothe of wulle.

fico,

nogamus, mono, gama. to tweyne. Bigamus. Trigamus. to three. to fowre. Quadrigamus. to fyve. Pentagamus. to sexe. Sexagamus, UG. et cath.
Runctacio, runctura. Runco, cath. COMM. sarculum, sarculus,

Lani-

Weddynge.
c.F. et

cath.
clothe of lyuLinifico, ug. in linio.

Wedynge hooke.
CATH.

Webbon', or webbe
nyne.

Webbynge,
nificium,
catio, r.)

of wi:llyne clothe.
telaria,

La-

Weddynge.

cath.

{lanifi-

Nupcie, connubium, conjugium (^desponsatio, p.) Weddynge, to oone and no moo.

Webbynge,
cinm.

of lynnyne.

Linifi-

Monogamia.

Weddynge,
(or weware, infra.) Tex-

to tweyne, &c.2

Webstar

Weddynge
ide7n

(howus, k. hous, p.)

tor, textrix.

quod

brydale

howse,

Webstarys lome. Telarium. Webstarys wevynge howse.

Textriniim.

supra.

Weddon. Nubo. Wederyn, or leyii

the wedyr.

or hangyii
eyre.

yn

Wedde,
plegge.i

or

thynge leyyd yn Vadium, jyignus, vadicaucio, c. f.

Auro.
of
J)e

Wederynge,
ries.

Tempeherbicus,

monium,

c. f.

(Wed,

take be strengthe and vyo-

Wedyr,

scheep.

Aries,

lence, supra in stresse.)

cath. bervex, cath.

Compare plegge, as a wedde, svpra, p. 404. Sir John Maundevile says that the king of France boiight the crown of thorns, spear, and one of the nails used at the Crucifixion, from the Jews, " to whom the Emperour had leyde hem to wedde for a gret summe " Wedge, a pledge, tjalge, '[deige.'" PiiLSa. Ang.-S. wed, pignus. of sylvre."

Here

follow, as before,

up

to six.

CAMD. 80C.

3 X

520

PROMPTOEIUM PARVULORUM,
of
tlie

Wedyr,

eyjr (aver, p.)

Aura, {tempus, p.) (Wedyr, idem quocl storm, supra. Nimbus, c. f. ^^^'occlla, altanus,
c. F.)

Wedyrcokke.
iclem

Ventilof/ium,

et

of hert, or hertk^s. Vecors, pusillanimus, pusillanimis. WEYKEjOf a candel. Lichinius,CATH. Weyke, of alamjie. Ticendulwn,c.Y. Weykenesse, of hert. Vecordia, ^msillanimitas.

Weyke

quod fane. Wedlok. Matrimonium.

Weykenesse,
bilitas.

of strenglrte.

De-

Wedset.

(Wed

Inpignoratus. setton, s. wed settyn, Impignoro.)

Impignoiricio.
or siimme
K.i

Weylyn',
p.

or

gretely

sorowyn'.

Wedsettvxge.

Lamentor, higeo, ejulo, c. f. Weylynge, or sorowynge. Gemitus, luctus, ejulatus, lamentacio.

Weef,

what sem^-nge to badnesse. Inclinacio ad mcdum.

Vcipor.)

(Weffe,

Weymenton, idem cptod vevlyn'. Weymentynge, idem quod weyLYNGE.

Wedge,
sujrra,

to cleve

woode (or clyte, wedge orwegge, f.)" Cu-

WEYYN',wythe wygh'tys (weightes,

p.)

neus, CATH. et c. f. et ug.

Pondero,
s.

lihro, trutino.

Wedge, wythe a wedge. Cuneo. Wetche, or wakynge (weliclie,

K.)
Vigilia, vel in plur. vigilie.
c. f.

Weyttnge, wythe whytys (whytys,

K. wytys,

weyghtys,

p.)

Pon-

deracio, libracio.

WETCHE,forenmees. Excuhie,

Wetchemak. Vigil, ug. Wecche, of a clokke. Wecchon, idem quocl wakyn',

jyra,

Weel. Welde,

su-

(welichyn, k.)

Bene. or wolde, herbe (or wad, supra.) Gandix, cittnplex, c. f. Weldon', or gouernofi (weldon or rewlyn, k. rulyn, p.) Guherno,
rego.

Weybrede,

herbe (weybred planteyu, p.) Plantago. Weyd, or wowon (wawyn,

or
s.)

Welle.

Welle
Welle,

Fons. crank.
metel.

Ponderatus, libratus.

ToUinum, cath. Fundo.

or
ojier

Wev.

Via,

iter.

VfELLE, mylke
Coagulo.

lycure.

YrEY, of a strete. Strata, platea. Wey, vndyr }>e erthe. Tracon,

cunus,
K.)3

(AVellare of
pra.

salt,

or saltare, su-

UG.

traten,

ccdheracta,

Salinator, cath.)
as

Wellyd,
Wellyd,

meteL

Fusus (con-

Weyfarere. Viator, viatrix. Weyke. Debilis, imbecillis. Weyke, or lethy. Lentus, c. f.

'

flcitilis, p.)

Coagulatus, as mylke. concoctus {inspissatus, p.)

" Weffe, tast, rjoust.'''' palsg. Forby gives the Norfolk phrase " neither whiff nor whaff," applied to flavourless food, &c. " I ean nat awaye with this ale, it hath a weife, elle est de maii.hi-aiis ffoust.'" palsg. Clyte, or clote, or vegge, supra, p. 81, oceurs out of its alphabetical place. ^ In MS. K. is here added " Est Catheracta via sub hurao, celi fenestra." The Ortus gives " Traco, id est nieatus vel via sub terra ubi aqua habet cursum."
'^

PRO.MPTORIUM rAUVULORUM.

521
or

Wellynge,
Jlatio^ p.)

of motel.

Fusio (cono])er

wcUe techyd
Morosus,

inqweryd,

8.)

vel hene morigeratus.

Wellynge,
lycm"e.

of

mylkc and

Welthe, or
felicitas.

welfare.

Prosperitas,

Coagulacio, decoccio. Wellynge, or boylynge ^^j") as water fro \>e erthe or spryiige.
Scaturicio.

Weltry55', or welwyii' (welkyn, K. walteryn or walowen, p.)*

Voluto.

Wellynge,
ynge
jjottis,

or boylynge of playi

Wele

wyllynge, or of god wylle

Benevolus.

pottys
K.

(as

plawynge

(welwyllyd, k.)

as

sethynge pottyo,

w.)
c. F.

Ebullicio, buUicio.

Welwyn', or rollyil' al thyngys ]iat may not be borne (welwyn

or rollyn
K.
jiat

Welkyd,

or walkyn'.
seryn'.2

Marcidus,

nowt
p.)^

wil be borne,

welowyn,

Volvo.
Volutacio.

Welkyn', or

Marcco,

Welwynge
Wemme,
lahes.

(or waltrynge, supra,

spotte.6

emarcesco, marcesco (^emarceo, k.)

welowynge, p.)
or

Welkynoe.

Wele

Marcor, cath. spedyn', iclem quod spedyii

Prospero.

Macida,

wele, sujyra.

Wenche.
Wendyn',

Welte,

of a schoo. Incucium, vel intercucium, dicc. et kylw.

numplmla,

Assecla, ahra, ancilla, c. f. {jiimplmla, s.) or goyii' (wendyn awey

Wel
'

tetchyd, or

inqveryd,''' (well

or gone, k.)

condiciond

or maneryd,

k.

h.

Wende,

fro

hoom

Ahio, ug. et c f. yn-to ferre

Compare PLAwyN',
to

find

Conipare seeryn, " Flenir, welke," and

as pottys, plawyn o^^yr, &c. supra, p. 403. or diyyii, Arco; siqjra, p. 453. In Harl. MS. 219, f. 148, b., we " equivoca, flinr, to welko and to fade flcint, f. 149, b.,
;

welkith and fadith." In Norfolk to welk has the like signifieation, according to Forby. ^ See tetch'e. or maner of condycyone, supra, p. 487. " I walter, I tumble. Je lae coystre. Hye you, your horse is walterynge yonder, he wyll breake his saddell but more happe be. I welter. Jc verse. Thou welterest in the myer, as thou wert a sowe." palsg. In the Mayster of Game it is said of the Hart, " and whan l^ei bene about to burnysshe hem" (tlieir horns) " J^ei smyten J>e grounde wi}> }>e fete and waltrene hem as an horse." Cott. MS. Vesp. B. xii. * Chaucer relates how the carpenter faneied he might see " Noes fiood comen walwing and again, Reve^s Tale, " They walwe as don two pigges in as the see ;" Miller's Tale a poke." So in the Wieliffite Version we read of Our Lord's burial, " and leyde hym in a sepulcre that was liewen of a .stoon, and walewide a stoon to the dore of the " The Hyrchon whan he fyndeth apples beten or blowen down sepulere." Mark xv. 46, of a tree he waloweth on them tyl he be chargid and laden with the fruyt stykyng on liis pryckes." Caxton, Mirrour of the World, pt. 2, c. 15. " I wallowe, I tourne to and fro. Je me voystre. What wylte thou gyue me, and I wyll walowe from this hyll toppe down to the grounde." palsg. ^ Wem, in the dialect of Norfolk, signifies, according to Forby, a small fretted place in Compare, in the Wicliffite Version, Song of Solomon iii. 7, " My frendesse, a garnient.
^

thou art

al faire,

and no wera

is

in thee :"

and Janies

i.

27,

"

clene religioun and

vnwemmed." Chaucer writes of the " Virgine wemmeles ;'' and Horman savs " Our Lady bare a chylde without any spotte or wem of her virginity {vircjinitatis icoxam). The auter clothis shulde be very clene, nat pollute with spotte or wemme." Ang.-Sax.

Wem,

macula.

522

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOUUM.

cuntre. Prqficiscor, migro, trans-

migro.

Wendvn', ovyr

Wexe

a water. Meo. chylder fro sokynge. Ah-

Werre. Werre, Wery.

cio,

icJem

Guerra {bellum., p.) quod batayl, supra.

Lassitudo, fatiga-

Lcissus,fessus, fatigatus.

Weryxesse.

lacto, elacto.

Wenyn',

JEstimo, or supposyii. puto, suppono {reor suspicor, p.)

fastigium, c. f. Weryd, or teiyd, or toiTon' (torn, s. weryd, or wome or tome, p.)

Attritus, vetustus, inveteratus.

Wexne.
gibbus.

Veruca,

c. f.

et

cath.

Weryyn',
of a fowle or bryde. Ala. as chylder fro sokynge.

tde7n

quod defexdyn,

Wenge, Wenyd,

Ablactatus.

supra.- (werpi or defeuden, p.) Weryn', or vsoii', as clothys and other thyngys (or teiyii, supra).
Vetero, sicut,

Wexyxge, fro sokynge. Ablactacio. Wexyxge, or supposynge. Sup)j)osicio, estimacio.

veteravi

cap)am
cope,

meam, I haue weryd

CATH. invetero.

my

Wepyn',

or gretyfi'.

Ploro, fleo,

Weryn'

lacrimor.

Wepynge. Wepne, to

Ploratus, fletus. fence or fy^hte wythe

or wax olde and fehyl [liy] vse (werynorteryn or make febyl as clothis or other like, k. werpi or teryn, and wex full feble as
clothes or other lyke, p.)
rasco, vetero, invetero.

(wepyn to fensyn or fytyn wyth, Armamentum. s.)

'WBB.CE.Pejor, cleterior; nominaliter. Werce. Pejus, cletei^ius; adv. Werlde,! orworlde (werde, k. s. p.) Munchis, seculum, orbis. Wordely (werdly, k. h. s. p,)

Vete-

Weryyn',
ter^iTii'.

or

make weiy, Fatigo, lasso.

Bello.

or

Werryn',

or fyghteyii.'

Mundanus,

munclialis, secularis.

Werk. Opus. Werkday. Feria. Werkehowse. Artificina,

cium,
c. F. et

opifi-

Werdely, orwordelywyse(werdly Munor on wordly wyse, s.)

dane, mundialiter, seculariter. Werdlynesse. Mundialitas.

cath.
Operor. Doleo,

Werke, wythe instrunient.

Werkyn',
CATH.
or heed akyn'.3

Although written werlde, it would appear by its place in alphabetical arrangement was written wekde by the first hand, as in other MSS. So in the Paston Letters, passim; for instance, vol. iii. p. 350, in allusion to troublous tinues of Henry VI., " Feyth here is a coysy werd." In the version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. xii., we read that " it happethe ofte to sonime of ther wordi dedes to be cbosen to dignities." In P. Ploughm. Crede, v. S6Q, the pIoughman's wife is described as following him " wrapped in a wynwe shete to weren hire fro wederes." In the curious deseription of armour in the Romance of Clariodes, some are said to prefer target and spear. some a strong targe, " and some a pavede his body for to were." See also Havelok, R. Brunne,
'

that this

'i

&c, A.-Sax. werian, munire. ^ Forby, Vocab. of E. Anglia, gives " Work, to ache, to throb. In violent head-ache '^ the head ' works like a clock.' A.-S. hashd-wxrc, cephalalc/io.'''' Ccphalia est humor capitis, Anglice the hedde warke (al. ed. the heed ache)." ORTUS. " Doleo, to sorowe, to warche; Dolor, sorowe, or ache," med, " t)s Hedewarke, Cephalia, cephalargia .""

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOIIUM.
akyii' as a soore Doleo, indoleo. Werkynge, or dede of werke. Operacio, factio. Werkynge, or heede ake. Ce-

523
kno^v}"u',

Werkyn', and
lymme.

(Wetyn', or
in

vide infra

wytyn'.) Wetynge. Madefaccio, madidacio.

Weware,

or webstare (weuar, p.)

(^Gur-

j^Iialia, c. F.

Werkmanne.
opifex.

Artifex, operarius,
])at

Textor, textrix. Wevyl, or malte boode.i

gidio, s.)

Werkejianne,

cann werke

Wevyn',
ordior.

as

webstarys.

Texo,

"wythe bothe handj^s a-lyke.

hidexter, ug. in do.

Am

Wherwande (werwande,
ricula.

s.)

Tur-

Wewynge. Textura. Wevynge howse. Textrinum.

Wevynge, or mevynge wythe tokne
(wewynge,
tokyn,
k. p.)
s.

Werst,
mus,

or

most badde (werst or

Pessimus
(iiequissi-

worste, s.)
s.)

or mevynge with sterynge with token,

Annutus.

(Werte, yn a mannys skynne,

idem quod wrette, infra.)

Wesaunnt,
Ysofagus,

of a beestys
c. f.

throte.

Tremo, or qvakyii'. CATH. contremo. Whakynge, or qvakynge. Trcmor.

Whakyn',

Whale,
MusOcciCctus.

or

qwal,

grete

fysche.

Weesylle,
tela.

lytylle beeste.

West,
dens.

of the fynnament.

Whann. Quando. Whante, or qvante,

or rodde.2

Westward.
liter.

Occidentalis; nomina-

Westward,
taliter,

West
Wete.

or westly. Occidenadv. wynde. Zephirus.

longe sprete Contus. Wha(r)lare, in speche (or blafTraulus. foorde, supra.) What, or qwat (what or sum
whate,
s.)

Quod, quid.

Madidus, roridus, madereyne.

lycure.

factus.

Whey, of mylke. Serum. Wheel. Hota. Whele, or whelke, sooi-e (whelle,

K. qwelke,
s.

Weet, wythe
UG. in pliio.

Complutus,
Higo, hu-

wheel, p.) Pustula.

Whelyn',

as soorys (or

whytow-

Wete, wythe

ryfi, infra.)

mecto, UG. irrigo.

Whelynge,

Pustulo. of sorys. Pustulacio.

CATH. ANG. Bishop Kennett gives " Werke, to ake or pain, as, my head werkes, my Dunehn. et Chaucer. AVark, Lanc. Sax. wa^rc, dolor. AVhence in these teeth werke. midland parts we say the working of the temples, the high beating or akeing." Lansd. MS. 1033. See also Broekett's Glossary. Compare bowde, malte-worme, supra, p. 46. Ray. states that weevils breeding in malt are cailed Bouds in Norfolk and Suffolk, as we learn also from Forby. Randal Holrae, Aead. of Anu B. iii. p. 467, says that the " Wievell eateth and devoureth corn
'

in the garners ; they are of some people called Bowds." ' See quA.NTE, supra, p. 418. Forby gives Quont, a pole to push a

boatonwards with.

524

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUJI.
vessel.

Whelmyn', a
CATH.l

Suppino,

Whvlke,
quod.

or wliyche.

Quis, que,

Wh E L M VNGE
Whelp,
catulus.

Svppinacio.

Whvk,

or qv}'k, or levynge. Vlvus.

lytyl

hownde.

Catelbis,
k.

Whvkyn', or qvykyii' (whykyn or make whyke, s. quehyn, p.)

Vivijico.

Whele

spore (welspore,
c. f. et

h.)^

Orbita, cath.

cg. in ruo.

Where. Uhi. Wherefoee. Quapropter, quamohrem.

Whvkly, or qwykly. Vivaciter. Whykenesse, or qvyknesse. ViiKicitas.

Where
Whert,

of.

Unde.
qwert.3

Whvle. Mo7nentum. Whynne. Saliunca,

Incolumis,
riiscus, est

scdiuriSy

or

herba spinosa secun-

sanns, sospes.

dum,
AcMperium, cos. Triticum, fruQuir-

c. F.

Whestone
Whete,

(or wliettyiige, infra,

Whynyn',
beestys.

as

whetstone, p.)
conie.

howndys or oJ)er Ululo, gannio, kylw.

et c. f.

mentum. Whette tethe, as borys.

rito,

Whynynge. Ululatus. Whyppe. Scutica, cath.

anf/ui/la,

cath.
as

frendeOj cath. (or make shaq^e, k.) a Acuo. knyfe or ofer tool. Whettynge, or scharpynge. Acu-

Whyppvn,

sylke

womene
in

Whettvn

(whypppi or closyn threde

sylke, k. p.)

cio.

Whettynge

(stoue,

k.

p.)

idem

quod WHESTONE, supra.

Ohvolvo, cath. Whvrlare a-bowte, or goare abowte in ydylnesse (in vanite, k. p.) Girovagus. Whyrlebone, or hole of a ioynt

Whv.

(Whvche,
HocHE.

Quare, cur, vel quur. or hntche, sup)ra

Cista, arcJta.)

(whylbone,
in

s.)*

Anca,

c.

f.

vertehrurn, c. f. vertihulum, c. f.

(^condulus, K. p.)

wlielme an holowe thyng over an other thyng. Je mets dessus. AVhelme a platter In East Anglian dialect, to Whelni signifies to to save it from tlyes." palsg. turn a tub or otlier vessel upside down, whether to cover anything with it or not. See Forby. A Whelm is half a hollow tree placed with its liollow side downwards, to form a small watercourse. See Ray, Grose, Bailey, Moor, &c. ^ Forby, Vocab. of E, Angl., observes that, in tlie old state of cross-roads in Norfolk, horse-path was in the midway between the two wheel-ruts. the Between that and each " A carte spurre, Orhita.'" cath. ang. rut was the wheel-spur, much higher than either. Vnduiii, a forde, or a forthe, and a cart spore." *' Orbita, a cart spure and a pathe. MED. " Orhita is the foroughe of a whele that makethe a depe forowghe in the wyndyng and trendlynge aboute." Trevisa's transl. of Barth. de Propr. B. xiv. c. 132, A.-Sax. Spor, vestiffium ; Hel-spura, a footstep. ^ See the note on qwert, snpra, p. 420. * " Vertehra, junctura ossium etiam ponitur pro cardine, Angl. Whyrlebone or a perser." ortds. whorlebone, interriodium, neojKllvm, vertihulum.'''' cath. ang. " Whyrlbone of ones kne, /irt/^ei rfe^g0)r(7." palsg. Compare QVYRLEBONEyn a ioynt, Ancha, supra, p. 421.
'

"

upon

it,

"A

l-IlOMrTOmUM PARVULOUUM.

525
or
of.

Whyrlegyge, chykljs game.i Giraculum, cath. et ug. in ginis. Whyrlyn', as spjnnars wythe the whele (as spynnars done, k. with hiu'e Avhele, s.) Giro, roto, cath. Whyrlyn' a-bowte, yn ydyhiesse (whyrlyn abowtyn, k.) V<i>jor, girovagor, vagurio, cath. Whyrle wynde. Turho, cath. Whysperyn'. Mussito. Whysperyxge.2 Mussitacio. Whysson tyde, idem quod PenTECOST, supra (Whitsontyde, k. supra in Pencost, p.)

Whytynge,
whyghte

matcr to make (Wliytynge to

whyte, p.) Alhatura, candidacium. (Whyte led, or blankc phimbc,

siqira in b.)

make

Whytlymyd. Calcificatus. Whytlymynge. Calcificacio.

(Why^tynge, or whit makynge,
H. p,

k.

Dealhatio.')

Whytlowe
Whytmete. Whytnesse.

(whytflowe sore,

p.) v.)

Panarucium^ {panaritium,

Whystyl.

Fistula,

ossinaria,

ossinium, ky'lw.

Lacticinium. Alhedo. Whyton', or make whyte. Dealho, candido, cath. Whyton', wythe lyme.^ Calcifico,
decalceo, c. f.

Whystelare.
ossinator.

Ossinus,
Oscino,

kylw.
{jis-

Whytowre,
kylw^
c. F.

of a soore (whitour
k.)7

Whystelyn',
tulo, P.)

or filth of sore,

Sanies,

Whystelynge.

Whyte. Whyght,
c. F.

Oscinium, kylw. Alhus, candidus. of an eye (white of an

Whytowryn,

as soorys, idem
k.

quod

whelyn', supra.

Whytrate

(whitratt,

whyt(?)

ey, k. of

an

q^,q, p.)

Alhumen,
ug. et

ratche, p.)^

Whyte
Gammarius,
stare,

marbulle.

Carnium,

Whythe thorne.3 Eamnus,

cath.

UG. in carecter.

Why(t)stare, or plejdvstare^plykfysche.'*

AVhytynge,

merlingus, comm.
'

H.whytstar or blykstar, Candidarius, candidaria.

p.)9

Compare prtlle, supra, p. 413, and spylkok, p, 469. " Giracidum, a chyldes whyrle or a hurre, cum quo pueri ludunt." ORTUS, " Whyrlygigge to play with, Pyrouette.'"
-

palsu.

Corapare mustery.vge or qwysperynge, sv^mi, p. 349, and romelynge, p. 436, ^ Compare thethorne, supva, Ramnus, p. 490. ^ Compare merlynge, supra, Gamarus, p. 334. ' Andrew Boorde, in the Breviary of Health, c. 265, says " Paiinalicium is y Latin word, in English it may be an impossumacion in the fingers and the nayles of a mans hande, and some doth say it is a white flawe vnder the nayle; he gives as a remedy to See also c. 270, '^ Perioniche a white flawe." ' Whytanoint the nails with ear wax. flowe in ones fyngre, Poil de chat." palsg. Compare lyme vvythe lyme, supra, p. 305. ^ Compare attyr, fylthe, Sanies, supra, p. 16. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 82, it is said of madder, Ruhea minor, " it is a noble drawere of quyteour and felj>e, and soris, and of

J^yngys infix in
^

i>s

flessh."

This wovd occurs in

valent.
3

all the MSS. and in Pynson's printed text, without any Latin equiThe ermine or white rat of Pontus may possibly be intended. The reading whystare seems doubtless to be an error, which is corrected hy all the

526

PEOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Quis,
qiie,

Wuoo.

quod.
p.

(Who

many, or howe maiiy, K. whow meny, s. Quot.) (Who mekyl, k. Avhowmykyl, s.

(

Wydyn", or make w}'de. Dilato. Wyydnesse. Latitudo, amplitudo.

Wyduare.
p.

Virbius.'^

Wydwe
Vidua.
hood,

(widw,

K.

wydue,

s.)

Who

Quantus.) oftyx, k.
Quotiens.)

whowe often,

H. p.

Wydewood (widwhode, k. wydows.)

Viduitas.

(Whow
quam

sone,
cito.)

s.

Quantocius, vel

Wyyfe.

(Whow,

or in

what manere,

s.

whowe or howe, p. Quo,quaUter.)

Uxor, conjunx, sponsa. Uxoratus. AYyyfhood. Wyyfles, or not weddyd (wyfles or withoute w}'fe, p.) Agamus,

Whorlwyl,

of a spyndyl (whor-

agama.

Vertebrum. Wyce (wyse, p.) Sapiens, prudens, sagax, peritus, gnarus.

whil, K. whorle, p.)

Wyfle, wepene
jjemiis, c. f.

(wylle, s.)^

Bi-

Wygge, brede (or bunne

brede, p.)^

Wyce,

werkynge and ware gouemaunce, k. p. in warre,

in

(in
s.)

Wytche
maga,

(wyche,

k.)

Magus,

sortilegus, sortilega.

Discretxis, jirovidus.

Wytchecrafte.
Latns,

Sortilegium,

Wyche, tre. Ubnus. Wyyd, large yn brcde.

amplius.

Wyyd, yn
other

space.

Sjjaciosus.

fascinum, cath. Wytche, clepyd nyghte mare (wyche, nyt mare, k.)-* Epialtes, cath. gerenoxa, strix.
bleystare, or
wj^tstare,

MSS. and by Pynsou.

Compare

also

Candidarius, sapra,

^'Vi^\ni&t&vTe, Blanckissetir de toylles.''^ palsg. p. 39. ' Virhucs, bis vir existens, seu qui binas habuit vel habet uxores," &c. cath.

See

also
'^

Ducange ift v. The precise nature of the weapon here intended hasnot been ascertained; in the Roll of effects of Sir John Fastolfe, f. Henrv VI. occur in the Great Hall at Caistor six " wifles," hanging up with cross-bows, a boar-spear, &c. Archreologia, vol. XXi. p. 272. Sir S. Meyrick supposed they were swords of wood for practice. At the great muster of citizens of London in 1539, described by Hall, there were " Wyffelers " on horseback, with " propre iavelyns or battel-axes in ther handes," and 400 Wyffelers on foot, active persons clad in white silk, &c. " euery man hauyng a javelyn or slaugh sword." Forby, Vocab. of E. Ang., describes the active Whifflers who cleared the way for the processions of the Corporation at Norwicli, bearing swords of lath or latten, whicli they keep in constant motion, '' u-hiffliny the air on either side." He proposes to derive tlie term from

A.-S. waeflere, llatero.

It appears, however, more probable that they received the name from the weapons called wyfles. Douce, in his Illustrations of Shakespeare, K. Heni-y V. " mighty whiffler 'fore tlie king," preparing his way, to have been a act 5, supposes tlie fifer. Minslieu defines him to be a club or staff-bearer. See Nares's Glossary. In Bagford's collection, Harl. MS. 5944, f. 174 b, is a curious representation of the Ages of Man, engraved by Stent, 1665. Childhood appears as the " hincli boy " to the Mayor. Youth is dressed as a " swasshing whiffler," with his staff and chain. ^ Compare bunne, brede, Placeida; sn.pra, p. 55 and the note on payn mayne, p. 375. " Wygge, jE5f/(a?((/f." palsg. " AVig or bun, a bunn or little manchet; Collyra, " Wegghe, panis tritililum.'''' GOULDM. In Herefordshire a small cake is ealled a wig. ceus, libum oblongum," &c. Kilian, Dict. Teut. " LibuM, alio noraine dicitur placenta, Anglice a wastell or a cake." ortus. * Compare mare, or nyjhte mare, supra, p. 326 ; and .nygiite mare, p. 356.
;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

r)27

Wytchon,

wythe

soorcerye

Wykkydnesse.
licia, neqnicia.

Iniquitas,

ma-

(wychyn, k. wycchyn with sorsery, s. wysshyn, p.)' Ariokr, c. F. (fascino, cath. p.)

Wykett,

or lytylle wyndowe. Fenestra, cath. fcnestrella, fenestricula.

Wytchvn',

or charmyfi'. Incanto.

WvTE,

or delyvyr, or swyfte (wyj^tj,

Wykyr,

to niake

wythe baskettys,
Vi-

K. wyht, s.

wyghte,

p.)-

Agilis,

velox.

or to bynde wythe thyngys. tuligo, cath. vimen, c. f.

Wyghte,
hevy,

of thyngys
K.

(wy])t of bodily

j^at be hevy thyngys that is

Wylgate,
acio.

or

wronge gate. Devi-

that

arne hevy,

s.)

Wyl,

Pondus.
or yvel (wykke, s.) Malus, iniquus, nequam. Wyckydly to werkyn, or don.

or hertely pui-pos (purpose of herte, k. p.) Vohintas.

WvKKYD,

Wyyld.

Sylvester, ferox, ferus, (indomitus, p.)

Wyld

Nequito.

Wyy(l)de
Male, nequiter,
ini-

Wykkydly.
qiie.

Fera, Spartus,K\hyx. ignis Pelasgus, kylw. vel ignis Gi^ecus, c. F. in fons (spercus, k.
fyyr.-'

beest.

' These words seem to have fallen out of proper alphabetical order, or the original form has been changed by the transeriber. They may have been originally writteu wyhche, wycHOil, &c. * In K. Alis. V. 5001, among marvellous folk in India are described some of a widelegged raee, who ran barefoot " michel wightnesse hv mowen don." See also v. 2685, 2780. ^ The invention of combustible or explosive compounds for purposes of war dates frora remote antiquity in the East. Their origin and nature has been fully investigated by H. M. the Emperor of the French, in his remarkable work on the History of Artillery ; we may refer also to the treatise Du Ftii Gregeois, by M!M. Reinaud and Fave, and to tlie Essai sur le Ftu Gregeois, by M. Lalanne. The term Wild Fire, here given as synonymous with Greek fire, occurs repeatedly in the Romance of Coer de Lion, written about t. Edw. I. The dromond captured by Richard between Cyprus and Acre was laden " with wylde fyr and other vytayle ;" line 2463 ; wild fire was projeeted by tubes called " trumpes ;" at the siege of a city were used " arweblast of vys," with quarrels, statf-slings, and trebuchets, and the besiegers " blewe wylde fvr in trumpes of gynne ;" line 5229. A distinction seems occasionally made in a sea-fight Richard cast out of his galley wild fire into the sky, " and fyr Gregeys into the see," so that the water appeared all burning with the dreadful compound. In Chron. of Eng. wiitten about t. Edw. II. a strange tale may be found of the hot bath concocted by King Bladud, with many things craftily combined in brass tuns, brimstone, salgemme and saltpetre, sal ammoniac and nitre, " with wylde fur ymad ther to." Ritson, Metr. Rom. vol. ii. p. 277. The popular tales regarding these inextinguishable compounds are not without interest as connected with the prototypes of those appliances of war which in our days arrest such universal attention. Caxton, in the Mirrour of the World, part ii. e. 21, says of divers fountains, that there is one towards tlie East " wlierof is made fyre grekyssh with other myxtyons that is put therto, the whiche fj-re whan it is taken and light is so hoot, that it can not be quenchyd with water, but with aysel, uryne, or with sonde only. The Sarasyns selle this water right dere aiid derrer than they doo good wyne." After the time when gunpowder came into general use the deadly volauts and compositions devised by the Arabs, as detailed in M. Reinaud"s curious treatise, were not wholly abandoned. Grafton tells us that, at the siege of camd. SOC. 3 Y

528
ignis

PKOMPTciRIUH PARVULORUM.

Pelasgus

vel ignis pelagus^

WYLYAM,propyr name (Willyham,

K.)

Willelmns.

Wyyldefowle.'
altilis,

Altile,

cath. vel

Wylke, fysche.
c. F.

In plur.
Concha,

concnle,

CATH.

volatilis.

item conchilia, ricardus.

schelle.
c. f.

Wyylde goos. Auca bruta, kylw. "Wyylde malowe, or holyhokke,

herbe." Altea, c.f. malviscus, c.f.

Wylke,

Wyllvn', or haue vyl (wihie or hauyu wille, k.) VoIo.

Wyyldernesse.
mus.

Solitudo, hereiiepe,

Wylsome,
Wylsome,
owne

or dowtefulle.

Dubius,

fluctuans.

Wyylnepe
Cucurbita,
citas.

(wild
c. f.

k.

p.)

or fohvynge only hys

brionia, c. f.

wylle. Efrenus, vel efrenis,

Wyy(l)dnesse.

Indomitas, fero-

effrenatus,

cath.
or dowtefuhiesse. oT froward wylle.

Wylsomenesse,

W^yyldnesse, orwantowheed. Insolencia, dissolucio.

Dnbium, ambiguitas.

WvLsoMENESsE,
sequela.

vyne. Labrusca. Wyl, of fredam, or fre wylle (wyl Libitus, cath. or fredam, p.)
vel libitum.

Wyyl

Effronitas, vel proprie voluntatis

Wyle, or sleythe (sleyte,K. sleyght,

p.)

Wylowe, Wymbyl. Wymbyl,

Imn,

tree (wihve, k.)

Salix.

Terebrum, UG.
or persowre.

Terebel-

Cautela, astucia. of
falsheed,
sujj^-a.

c. F.

Wyle,

idem

quod
spon-

Wymbelyn,
rebro
;

or Avymmelyn'.

Te-

sleythe,

alia in

peercyn supra.

Wylfulle.
taneus.

Voluntarius,

Wympyl.3 Wyncyn'. (Wyncyn,

Peplum.
Calcitro, cath. recal-

WvLFULLY. Voluntarie, sp^ontayiee. Cautus, astutus, cautuWyly.

losus.

citro, repedo,

cath.
fote

or

smytyn with the

as hors, k. h. p.

Repedo, cath.)

Guisnes, in 1410, the men of war within " shotte so fiercely, and east out wilde fyre in such aboundanee, that the assaylants were faine to retyre." In the following century we find evidences of the continued use of such combustible appliances of war. Amongstmunitions for a fleet whicli conveyed troops to Scotland, in 1545, under the Earl of Lennox, occur " XX. Tronckes ehardged with wylde fyer vj. morest spyckes laden with wylde fyer, vj. horstakes laden with wylde fyer." State Papers, vol. iii. p. 543. Again, in an inventory of stores in Royal Arsenals, taken on the accession of Edw. VI. in 1547, we find, at Berwick, arrows for fire-works and, at Newhaven, arrows with wild-fire, &c. MS. Soc. Ant. Lond. " Wylde fyre, Feu Saavui<je, ftu Gregeois.''' palsg. Tlie term sometimes designates some disease, possibly erysipelas, of which and of its reniedies see Sloane MS. 1571, f. 51, b. Robert of Gloucester, indeed, atfirms thatEnglish blood is so pure that the dire disorder, that men call " Holy fur or wilde fuyr," cometh not to this realm, and that French men visiting our shores are healed of that evil. The word was moreover used as signifying tinder or some inflammable fungus ; thus we find " Wildfire, Lichen, vide Liverwort." gouldm. See the notes on gunne, supra, p. 218. ' Compare volatvle, svpra. * Compare holy hokke, or wylde malowe, supra, p. 243. " Wymple for a ' This word occurs immediately after wvmbyl, apparently misplaced. jLonQ, Oiiyraple.^' Palsg. Ang. -S. winpel, jveiwMJn.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULOUUM.

529
Ventilahrum, pala,

Wyncynge,
(

of bestys.

Calcitra-

Ayndylle.5
CATH.
et

cio, recalcitracio.

UG. in venio.

Wyndas, k. wyndace, h.p. Troclea,

CATH.)
of a voof
i

Wyyndynclothe.

Wyndowe.
Lacunar,

Involucrum. Fenestra.

Wyyndbeme,
vel laquear,

Wyyn',
cath.

or wyne. or

Vinum, merum,

cath.
Ventilatiis, vel vento

Wyynd.
et

Ventus.

Wyyne, badde
menkte,
h.

Wyy(n)dyd.

watiu" (wyne,
vinelluin,

aure expositns.
clothys, idem

meuglyd wythe bad or meynt, k. Vappa, cath. p.)

Wyndyn', yn

quod

cath.

wrappon',2 supra. Wyyndyn', on a clowchon (wyndyn on clowchyn, k. s. p.)^ Glomero,

C. F.
,

Wyyne ballys (wyne balle, k. wyne

vallys, p.)^ Pilaterie, velpile tar-

taree (vel pileus tartaricus, k.)

Wyyndyn',

of t^vyne, or

threde,

or

Wyne Wyne

Torqueo, cath. tnrnyN' a-bowte (tnrnyn abowtyn, k.) Giro, verto. Wyndyn', yn pe eyre as wynde
other lyke.

Wdyn',

celer. Vinaria, cath. dreggys, or lye (drestys, K.) Tartarum, c. f. lia, c. f. Vinolentus, Wyyne drunkon'. vinOSUS, CATH.

Wyne,

(wyndynwytheyere, k.) Ventilo. Wyndyn', wythe a wyndlas

(wyndas, k.
s.)

fpie, or fyne wyne (wyne good or, &c. K.) Calenwn, c. f. Falernum, cath. tementum, ug.

Ohvolvo, cath.
Ventilacio.

Wynewynge,* wythe wyynd

(wyndynge,
k. p.)

Wyne, clere. Ifernm, cath. Wyne, medelit with water, menkt,

p.

Vinellum).
or

Wyndynge,
(wyndas, k.
'

wythe
s.)

wyndelas

Wyn(d)ynge,7
threde.

twynynge

of

Obvolucio, cath.

Tortnra, vel torsura.

is

According to Nicholson, it of a house." (no French word) palsg. It is called a span-piece in Archit. Dict. in v. Lincolnshire and Wiltshire. ^ Sic, MS., supm, p. 515, and thus also in other MSS,, and in P. ; supra 'vvrappyn, Compare wappyn', lappyn, or whappyn yn clothys, supra, p. 287. ^ See BOTME of threde, or clowchen, supra, p. 45, and clowchyn, or clowe (al. clewe), Globus and glonius signify, according to the Ortus, " coadunatio et glomeratio filop. 83.
an obsolete term for a collar beam.

" Wynde beame

rum

a clewe of threde." Clowchyn was probably a diminutive three skeyns of hempen thread are called a clue in Norfolk.
Sic, occurring
first

according to Forby

between

wyyndyd and wyndy.nge, and

probably written likewise by

the
*

hand wyndynge.

" Ventildbrum est instrumentum ventilandi paleis aptum, &c. a sayle or a wynde "A wyndowe clothe, pala, veulilahrum.'" CATH, ang. Palsgrave gives clothe." ORTts. only " yarne wyndell, Tornetie.''^ ^ Argol, or tartar, " Scoria de dolio vini,'" as explained by Joh. de Garlandia, in Synon. Chym., the concrete salt deposited by wine in casks, was probably imported in fqj-mer the best was obtained from Germany, but it comes from all tiraes in the form of balis wine-producing countries, and is much employed in dycing. In the Tonnage Rates, 12 Car. II. occurs " Argal white and red, or powder." ^ Wynvnge, MS. and MSS. H. S. and also pynson. The first hand may probably have written wyndynge. Compare twyntnqe, supra, p. 505.
;

'

530

PROMPTORIUM PARVUL0RU3I.
vp,

Wyndyxge
Ijcn

of

thyngTS fat

Wysedome.
sagacitas.

Sapiencia, prudencia,
ledyn'.

(vrvnynge aboute a thyng-e, &c. h. p.) Evolucio. WvxxYx'. Lucror. Wyxxyxge. Lucrum, eraolumentU7n, CATH. Wyxkyn', idem quod TyvYSKEhYs\ sujyi^a. Conniveo. Wyxkkynge, of the eye (with the eye, s.) Nictitacio, cath. nictus,
lievy
c. F.

Wyssyx', or AVyssyxge.

Dirigo.

Directio.

Wyspe.

Torcpies, dicc. torquillus,

KYLw. et ug. V. in x. (WisPERYx, K. wysperynge or qhysperynge, h. wyspeiynge or

Wytte,
nium

whysperynge, p. Mussitacio.) of vndyrstoudynge. Inge(intelligencia, p.)

conquinicio, c. f. connivencia.

Wyxsare. Calcitrator, calcitatrix. (Wynsyn, supra in wyxcy^x, p.) Wyxsynge. Calcitracio. Wyxtyr, colde tyme. Hyemps,
hruma, cath. hibernum,
c. r.

Wytte,
Sensus.

of or

bodyly

knowynge.
suj^ra

(Wyte,

delyuyr,

in

wyght, wyth^, H. Agilis, velox.) (Wyght, of bodyly thynge that is

heuy,

Wyxtyr

howse, or halle (-ndntyrhalle, K.) Hihernaculum, cath. Wyntryk', or kepe a thynge al the wyntyr. Yemo.
Ventilo.
k.)

Wythe
nans.

p. Pondus.) chylde. Puerpera,

p)reg-

Wythe

clepyx', or reuokyii, (with

lievoco.

Wexewyd (\vynw}xl,K.) Ventilatus.

Wyxwyx' (wynowin, p.) Wyxewyxge (wjaiwynge,
tilacio.

callyu, s.)

Ven-

Wype, biyde or h^pwynge. Upupa.

Wypyx'. Tergo. Wyp\-xge, of handys and ofer
thyngys.
Tersura, detercio.

Wythe drawyx'. Subtraho. Wythe drawyx' azexe. Retraho. Wythe hym. Secum. Wythe holdi-x'. Detineo,retineo. Wythe holdy^^e. Retencio, detencio.

Wypt, or wy|3yd. Tersus,detersus. Wyre. Filum, vel ferrijilum,mcc.

(Jflum ereuni vel ferreum, p.)

Wythe Wythe

yx'.

Iiiius, injra.

me.

Mecum.

Wyrjie.

Wyrmwode,
(Wyrste,

Vermis. herbe. Ahsinthium. of an hande, infra in

s.

WRYST. Fragus.) WYR-n-vx' (wyrwj-ne,

p.)

worowen,

Strangulo, suffoco. Wyschyx', gretely desyiyfi' (wys-

shen or wusshen,
exopto, CATH. utino.

p.)

Oj^to,

})e place (witowForas, extra, foris. Wytae-owtex, not havynge (witowtyn, k. wyth-owtyn or not havyng, s.) Absque, sine. Wvthe vs. Nohiscum. Wythe the. Tecum. Wythe yow. Vohiscum. Wythe seyxe, or geyne seyne (ageyne seyn, k.) Contradico.

Wythe-owte
tyn, K.)

Wysard

(wysar, k.)
or
ledare.

Sagaculus,
Director,

CATH. Wy'ssare,

Wythe settyx'. Obsto, obsisto, c. f. Wythe settyxge. Obsistencia. Wythe stoxdyx'. Pesisto. Wythe stoxdy^xge. Resistencia,
obstacuhim.

conductor.

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

531
c.

Wythe bonde
Boia,^
c. F.

Wytty.
piens.

(witthe vvythth, s.) et vg. v. in n. Ingeniosus, jynidens, sa-

cicella,

F.

vel

vitella,

c.

f.

CATH.

voluha, capriolus, cath. voluhilis

{yoluha major, p.)

WooDE,
Ingeniose, jJrudenter.

of treys.

Silva, nemus,

Wyttvly.
AYvTTLES.
tificacio.

(lucus, p.)

Insensatus.

Wodeberare, or caryare of fowayP

tes-

Wyttexesse.

Testimonium,

(wode berar or
c. F.

foweler',

i'.)

Calo,

Wyttexesse berare.
tificator, testificatrix.

Testis, tes-

WoDEKOK,
WooDE,
woode.

bryd.

Castrimargus,
pat

gallus silvestris, comm.

Wytyx', or

wetyii',

or knowyn'.

cmitre

ys

fulle

of

Scio, cognosco, agnosco.

Silvosa,

c. f.

or retton' (wytyn, k. wytone or rekon, s. wytyn or rettyn, p). Imputo. Wya^yl (or wevyl, supra) idem quod malt bowde, supra. Wyvyn', or weddyii' a wyfe. Uxoro. Wyse, of strawbery (or pesyn, p.)

Wytton,

WooDE,

fowayl {supra in fowaly, Focale. WoDEHAKE, or reyue fowle (or wodewale, infra, wodhack, bryd, Picus, c. f. K. or nothac, p.) WoDEHOKE, or Avedehoke. Sarcuhis, c. F. et Dicc. sarculum,
K. H. fualy, P.)

DICC.

Fragus.

WoDE
for

DOWE, or stokk dowe.

Pa-

Woo,
Woo,

or dysese. Dolor, gravamen,

lumha.
or walkarc in awode Lucarius, kylw. kepynge. Wodeschyde (woodshyde or astylTeda, c. f. {cadia, shyde, p.)*

malum, nocuum, nocumentiim. or yrkesumnesse (wo or gre-

WoDEWARDE,

vowsnesse, k. or yrkenesse, p.) Fastidium, tedium.

WooDE,ormadde(oroothe, swpjY/). Amens, furiosus, insanus {deniens, vesanus, ferus, furius, p.)

WoDEROVE,

herbe.

Hasta

regia,

WoDNESSE.

WooD,
p.)-

Insania, furia, furor. or wadde, for lysterys (for lytstarys, s. wad for lyttynge,

hastula, ligiscus, kylw. WoDEWALE, bryd, ideni

REYNEFOWLE

(oT

quod wodehake, sic-

pira,) et lucar, ug. v. in l.

WooDE
'

Gaudo, kylw. B\'NDE. CaprifoUum,

WoDEWESE (wowyse, K. woodwose,

vi-

H. p.)5

Silvanus, satirus, cath.

See also

" jBo/a, torques damnatorum, quasi

in v.

jugum

in bove,

a bos dieitur." cath.

Dueange,

or wode, (^^m, p. 513; welde, p. 520; and wold, w/ra, p. 532. Ang.-S. Wad, isatis tinctoria, glastuni. Giiedde,'^ palsg. See of fowayl, seems more correct. caryare as fowayl, MS. the reading of MS. S. FOWAYLE, Focale ; feweler, or fyyr maker, Focarius, supra, p. 174.
- Compare wad, " Wode to die with,

See ASTELLE, a schyyd, supra, p. 16. In the "Wici. faunus, an elf or a wodewose, vel Deus nemorum," med. " the vvodewose," where theglnssin liffite version, in Isai. c. 34, v. 14, pilosus is rendered Jer. c. 50, v. 39. The the Vulgate gives " homines sylvestres." Comp. Isai. c. 13, v. 21 term has been derived from Ang.-S. wode, silva, and wosan, esse; ov from wode, insanus.
*

" Satirus,

532

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(wok,
s.

WoKE
WoLD,

wooke, h.) Ehdo-

Yonynge

viada, septimana. herbe, or woode (or wad, or welde, supra.) Sandix, c. f,

{sic), of longe vsynge (wonyng, or longe vsynge, p.)

WoPNE,

WoLDE, cuntre. WoLYNGE, or stronge byyndynge

(woldynge, k. worlynge, s. w.) Provolucio, prostriccio (perstrinctio, p.)

Consuetudo, assuefaccio. or pysse (wopone of pis, s.) Urina.

WoRDE.
rentia.

WoRSCHEPE.

Verbum, sermo. Honor, Jionos,r-eve-

WoLKYXE,

tdeni

quod

welkyn,

WoRSCHYPPE, of grete name and preysynge a-monge fepejDle (and

oftyn preysynge, P.) Gloria,
c. f.

supra (wolkyng, s.) WoLCOME. Exceptus. AVoMANXE. Mulier,femina, virago.

WoRscHYPFULLE.
Worchyppyn'.

HonorabiUs,

reverendus, venerahilis.

WoMBE, bely.
WooNE,
H.
s.

Venter, alvus, uterus.

Honoro, adoro,

AVoxE, idem quod custome, supra.

or grete plente (wone, k.
p.)^

veneror, Jionorifico, eolo.

WoNGE,
Wonon', Wonon',
Usito.

Copia, habundancia. of londe. Territorium.

or dwelle.
or

(WoRWYN, supra in wyrwyn, k.) WooRT, for ale makynge. Ciromellum.

Maneo,

Jiabito.

WoRT,

berbe.

Olus, caulis.
J>at

Yse

custummably.
be

WoRT
WosE,
et

WYRME,

etytbe wortys.

Eruca, CATH.
or

Wonon',

make to

custummyd
k.

slype of tbe erthe (wose-

or vsyd2

(wonyn or vsyn,

slyp, s.)3

Gluten, bitumen,
or

c. f.

vse costumnably, s.) Assuefacio, assuesco (^soleo, usito, p.) WoNYNGE, or dwellynge. Mansio.

KYLW.
he
Jjat

WowARE,
Procus,

wowythe.

c. F. et

ug.

such sylvan ereatures being of a savage nature. In the sixteenth eentury the word beeame corrupted into Woodhouse, a familiar family name in East Anglia. Horman observes, in his Vulffaria, " Woode wosis be vpwarde nostrelde; 8ati/ri sunt siii."
In K. Alis. V. 1468, we read that " cam knyghtis muche wone," e. in numbers Coer de Lion, v. 3.5i8, "he swore lie hadde beter won of rj'che tresour thenne hast thou," &c. Mr. Halliwell, in his Archaic Glossary, quotes Chester Plays, ii. 109, where "good wonne" occurs in the same sense. * In the Winchester MS. a distinetion is here made. Wonone, or vse costunably, Usito. Wonone, or make to be costomyd and vsyd, Assuefacio. "I wonte or use, Je " Assuelado, accoustume. It is no wysdome to wont a thyng that is not honest." palsg.
'

so also in R.

;'.

wonyng." ORTUs.
Itin. voL vii. f. 70 b, describes the " polecye," whereby, in 1247, the haven was improved in old time ships came only up by Avon to a place called the Bek, where the bottom was very rougli. By cutting a channel, and introducing the waters of the river Frome there was, " made softe and whosy harborow for grete shipps." Lye, in his Add. to Junius Etyra. gives " Wos, voose, humus padulosa, vet. Angl." The narae Blakewose, a priory in Kent, may liave been taken frora the clayey or miry soiL R. Brunne, relating the landing of WilHam the Conqueror by a plank laid from liis ship to
^

Leland,

at Bristol

the shore, says,

" Als William

Into
\>e

J^er on suld go he stombled at a nayle, waise J>am fro he tombled top ouer tayle ;

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

533

WowAR,
nother.
c. F.

or he pat

wowythe

foi*

a-

Pronuba, paranimphus,
k. p.)

(Wretchyd, p. 3Iiser.) Wretchydnesse, Miseria.

Wreke,
wal (wowe or wall,
or
c. F.

of

))e

see.

Alga, norga,

WowE,

Paries, murus.

Wrek,
p.)

of a dyke, or a fenne, or

Wowyn', Wowyn'.

weyyd (wowne,

Ponderatus, libratus. Proco, j)rocito, cath. WowYNGE. Procacio. WowNDE. Vulnus, plaga.

stondynge watyr.2 Ulva, c. f. Wreke, idem quod avrake (or weniawnce,) supra. Wrenche, idem quod sleythe,
supra.

WowNDE, festryd. Cicatrix. WowNDE, made wythe swerde

other wepne.

Wrenche,
or

or sleythe of falsheed,

(sleyte, k. sleyth or falshede, s.)

Wow(n)dyn'.
CATH.

Stigma, Vulnero,

c. f.

saucio,

(Wrenche,

Dolositas, fraudulencia. or sleyght,

j.

w.

Cautela.y
or weniawnce (or wreke, veniawnce, k. vengeaunce, or vengyii'.

Wrake,
inf7'a
;

Wrenn,
Wreste,

bryd.

Reguhis.

of an harpe or other lyke.

p.)

Vindicta, ulcio.

Plectrum.
Vindico,

Wrekyn',
idciscor.

Wreston'. Plecto. Wrestyn', and wrythyfi' a-^en.

Rejlecto {i-eplecto, k.)

Wrappynge,

or hyllynge.

Coo-

percio, involucio {volucio, v.)

Wraav, froward, on-goodly.i Perversus, bilosus, protervus, exas-

Wrestynge. Wrestelare.
tator.

Plectura, plexura. Luctator, colluc-

perans.

Wrawnesse.
vitas,

Protervia, p)roterbilositas, perversitas,

Wrestelon'. Luctor, palestriso. Wrestelynge. CoUuctacio.

CATH.

Wrestelynge place.
CATH.
et

Palestra,

{impatientia, p.) Wretche. Iliser, misera.

UG. palisma, cath.

Wrette,

or werte

yn a mannys

His knyghtes vp him lyft, and byd him eft atire, William was oglyft, his helm was fulle of myre.''

Wose more commonly

in Barth.

occurs in tlie sense of juice, sap, exudations of trees or plaiits, as de Propr. passim; Forme of Cury; &c. The tanner's vat is said to be filled with ooze. Ang.-S. \\'os,iiquor,succus. ^ Compare awke, or angry, supra, p. 18, and crabbyd, awke, or wrawe, p. 99. * "Alga, herba marina, i. e. illud quod mare projicit, Wrekke or frote of the sea. Vlva, Compare ?7tet est herba palustris." ortus. wreke. iV^or(/a, fex maris, yl^/ice wreke. Reits, sea-weed, of some (see FLOT GRESE, t^/iYt., 5((/;ra, p. 168. Bp. Kennett gives " Somner) ealled reits, of others wrack or wraick, and of the Thanet men wore or woore." Ulva, reke or Elyot renders " Ali/c, reytes or wedes of the sea. Lansd. MS. 1055. weedes of the sea." In Holland's translation of Pliny we find mention of Reits, reike, On the coasts of Scotland sea-weed is called " wreck-ware." kilpes, or sea-weed. " Wrenche, a ^ Meander, i. tortuositas, decepcio, a wrenche or a sotylteliesse." med. Wrinchea or \\y\es, chariuaris," palsg. Horman says, " He sought v/yle, ffauche ruse. wrenches to saue his owne lyfe by rennynge pryuely away. I haue spyed all thy subtylThe word is used by Chaucer and other writers of the ties and wrenches (technas)." period. A.-Sax. Wrenc, do/us.

534
skyuue.i

PROMPTORIUM rARVrLORUM.
Venica, cath.
et

ta.

Wronge, a-^eu

in verro, poriurn, UG.

truthe and ryghtcw}'suesse(azeus rytewysnesse,K.)

Injuria, injusticia, p)rejudicium. of werke

Wrette,

of a pappe, or tete. Ira, iracundia.

Pa-

pilla, c. F.

Wrongnesse,
werk,
s.)

(wroug of

Weethe.
Wrethyx',

Curvitas.

or

make
Irrito,

'wrothe.-

(wrotbyu, p.)

cath.
s.)

Wryngyn'
dys,

clothys (with,
o])er lyke.

hau-

Wrotare. Versor (verror, k.) (Wrot, s. p. w. Lenticula.) Wrothe. Iratus, iracundus.

Wrotyn',
as swyne.

aud

Eetorqueo,

Verror.
Versio.

contorqueo.

Wrotynge,
rympyl (wrympyl,
playte
UG. V. in
s.

of beestys.

Wrynkyl,
p.)

or or

Wroty'nge, of a swyue.

Scrohs,

Ruga.

Wrynkyl,
Wryst,

yu

clothe Plica.

WuLLE.

(wrympyl or
Fragus.

pleyt, p.)

or wyrste of au hande.
of

Wulle WuLLE

Lana. howse. Lanarium, kylw. MANN. Lcmarius, kylw.

VilluS.

WULLOK.3
Jje

Wrytte,
i-eve.

Kyugys

coort.

Wrytte, Ypoue

a grave stone (wrytyug, k.) Epitaphiuin, cath. epigramma, cath.

Scripfor.
k.

WuLFE, beeste. Lvjms. (Wumman, supra in woman, p.) WUNDERELLE (siC, K. WUudrcl,

S.

wonder, h. wundyr, p.) Prodigium, portentum, mimm, ostenfum,

c. F.

Wrytare.
s.

Wry^hte, or carpeutere (wryte,

wiyghte, p.)
Scriho.
Sc7'iptus.
.

Wunderon'

(wouderyn,

h.

p.)

Car^pentarius.

3Iiror, admiror, stupeo.

Wrytyn'. Wrytyx'. Yv^R YTYNGE

Wundrynge. Stupor. Wundyrfulle. Mirahilis,

ficus.

miri-

Scriptura.

Wrythyn',

borde. Plufeuin,cATH. icktn quod hyllyn', sujrra (wryyn, p.) Wry'thyn', idem quod -sarestyn', supra (et torqueo, s.) Wrythyn', or wretliyii' (wretthyu
or wi'ej>yu,
s.)

Wrytynge

Wunder
giows,

grete, or hydows (hyImmanis, vehemens. Wunnynge, or dwellyuge. Mancio. Wunny'nge, or vsynge of custome. Frequentacio.
s.)

Wunt,

or vsyd.

Assuetus, assue-

Tortus, torsus.

fiactus, consuetus.

Wrythynge. Torsura, tortui^a. Wronge, iu foorme of werke.

Curvus.

Wunton',

or gretely to ^eue an other vse aud custome (to ^eve

Wronge,

avelonge (supixt in A.) Ohlongus.

or

usyu aud customeu, h. woutyn or greatly to vse aud custom, p.)

Assuefiacio, usito, (assuesco, p.)

" Wret, a wart, Belg. wratte, verruca.''' Forby, Vocab. of E. Angl. In tlie aeeount of certain lierbs, Sohequia, Eliotrojna, &c. Arund. jMS. 42, f. 67, it i.s said of the latter, ' \>e sanie erbe is called verrucaria, wrotwoik, bycause it destrujth and fordoth wrottys." ^ Compare tenyn, or wrethyn, or ertyn, snpra, p. 489. ' Compare lok of wulle, Floccus, supra, p. 311.
'

PROMPTOIUUM l'ARVULOUUM.

635
////.

WuRTHE,

or the wiirthe of walur of a thynge (wuiih or valw, k.) Valor.

to

}3ey, or thcy.
]3E,

or the, niene whyle.

Interim,

interea, vel

medio temjjore.
Ibi, ibidem, illic.

WuRTHY,
nits.

haue a thynge. DigValens.

of dygnyte.

JjERE, or there.

WuRTHY, yn pryce. WuRTHY, and grete

Illustris.

WuRTHYLY. Digne. WURTHYNESSE, of WalcW.

lor,

Vu-

valitudo

WuRTHYNEssE,
Dignitas,

of grete wurschyp.

j^irobitas.

WuscHE,
tacio,

or wuschynge.
s.)

Exop-

CATH. in opto, utinatus,

or
desyryii'.

{exaperta,

Wuschyn',

gretely Opto, exopto, utino.

IdeOy JpERE FORE, or thcrc fore. ergo, igitur, idcirco, propterea. Idem, JjE sAME, or the same. eadem. JjYDDYR, or thedyr, or thedyrwarde. Illuc, vel versus locurn illum. Tuus. JjiNE, or thyne. Iste. JjYS, or thys. Illac. J)AT AVAY, or that wey. Istac. J?YS WEY, or thys wey. Hodie. J?Ys DAY, or thys day. Ilorno, JjYs 3ERE, or thys yere. CATH. et UG. iu annus. Tu. Jjow, or thu (Jju, s.) JjowTYNGE, or thowthynge. Tuacio,
vel tuatus.

JjANNE,! or thanne.
JjAT, or that.
Ille.

Tunc.

JJowton', or thowtoii' (jjowtyn, k. H. yowtyn or thowtyng, e. p.)^

Tuo.

In the Harl. MS., which has been used as the text in preparing this edition of the Promptorium,no uniform rule appears to have been laid down in regard to the use of the Anglo-Saxon eharacter \>, in placo of which Th constantly occurs, probably through Here, however, the words thus conimencing are found in carelessness of the transcriber. the usual position assigned to J>, towards the close of the Anglo-Saxon alphabet; each being acconipanied by the same word, written with Th, as if its more recondite or
'

form required sucli explanation. Tiiese circumstances are not undeserviiig of In the King's College MS. the repetition is not fouiid, the words being written Yanne or thann Yowtyng with Jj only. In the Middle Hill jNIS. they are written thus or thowtyng, tlie character y being uniformly used in that MS. instead of J>. lu the Winchester MS. \> is commonly, but not invariably, used throughout, and the words in this Pynson and Julian Notary printed portion of the alphabet are written without uniformity. invariably witli Y for \>, and, in tlie copy of the rare edition by the former in the Koyal " All these Y. stande for Tli. Library, British Museum, the following MS. note is found acordinge as the Saxon carracte was in tliis sorte \>, and so we pronounce all tliese wordes at this day with Th." In W. de Worde's edit. 1516, the whole of the above are omitted, and, immediately after the alphabetical section W, foUow Ya, Yanynge, &c., to the close, priuted with Y. instead of 3, as in all the other te.Kts which have been available This may, however, be merely a typographical error. for collation. 2 Compare thowtyn, cr seyn thow to a mann, Tuo, svpra, p. 492; and 3EETYN, or sey 3ee, iiifra, p. 537, where the reading in other MSS.and in Pynson's text is "seyn 36 with worchep, or worship.'" The learued advocate Pasquier, in his Recherches de la Franee (liv. viii. c. 4), has discussed the origin of the use of the pronoun singular as an address of familiarity or contempt, and of the pronoun plural in accordance with respect due to Thepractise oitv.toyage in France between relations or familiar friends, and in superiors. CAMD. SOC. 3 Z
arcliaic

notice.

53G
}?U8, or tliiis.

rROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Sic, vel hoc modo.

jARNE, hastyly (^arue or

fast, p.)'

]:us, or thiis,
j)vii,

many.

Tot.

or thus, mekylle (yus moche,

r.)

Tantus.

Festinanter, celeriter, festine. jarnon', or 3yrnyn', or desyryii'. Desidero, opto, exopto.

jARNYNGE, or ^eiTiynge, or desyrynge.

Desiderium, optacio, ex-

jA (ya, w.y

Ita,

itaque,

eciam,
uo.
v.

optacio.

ymmo.
janyn', or gapyiT. OSCitO, CATH. et C.
Ilio,
F.

jARNE WYNDEL, OT ga(r)wyn.del

(or ^ai-wyndyl,
s.)^

Girgillus,
for nese

CATH.

jANYXGE, or gapynge wj^the the mowthe (or ganynge, supra^." Hiatus, c. r. et kylw. jARNE, threde. Filum.
the language of prayer,
inferiors,

JAROWE, myllefoyle, herbe

blederys (^ai-we, k. s. for nese bledare here, s.)^ Millefolixm. jATE. Porta,janua.

Of its use as betokening contempt, or in addressing is well known. examples migbt be cited froni an early period. Shakspeare describes the foolish suitor in "Twelftli Night," desirous to provoke his rival the Duke of IUyria with a challenge, and thus advised '' If t\\ovL tlioti^^st him some thrice it shall not be aniiss." Act iii. sc. 2. At an earlier period the question of monastic propriety in regard to addressing novices contemptuously by thee and thou was thought deserving of discussion at the General Chapter of Xorthampton (See c. x. de Novitiis). Erasmus in his Ado.gia relates the cralty subterfuge of a miserly patieut, who repaid his German physician with idle promises; whereupon the latter meeting him one day reminded him of the obligation, " Cum forte medicus eum Latine numero singulari appellasset, ibi, velut atroci laeessitus injuria, vah inquit, homo Germanus tuissas Anglum?" and so on that pretence the fee remained unpaid. Tlius, likewise, in his treatise " de ratione conscribendi epistolas," c, xii., Erasmus says, " Quid me tuissas? tuissa famulos tuos." ' In the edition by Wynkyn de Worde, 1.516, this and the words following are all printed with Y instead of 3. In the copy of Pynson's edit. Roy. Libr. Brit. Mus., the following note is written " All these wordes of 5 we pronounce with Y at this daye,and some of these 3 here vsed liaue tliat place of G in oure spekinge and WTitinge at this daye, 1599." 2 Compare gaxvnge, or janynge, svjJra, p. 185, See Glossary, Wycl. Version, v. janynge, ^eneden gaped, &c. " I yane, I gaspe or gape, Jt haille.'''' palsg, Ang. S, Ganian,

oscitare;
^

Ganung,

osciiatio.

v.

In the Yision of Piers Ploughman 4015. Ang. S. Georn, diligens.

workmen

are mentioned "that wroghten ful yerne,"

Achillcea millefolium, there called Yarroway. One of the serrated leaves is used to tickle the inside of the nostrils, whilst the following distich is repeated. If blood follows this charm, success in courtship is held to be certain
:

Compare garwYiNDYLLE, suprcc, p. 188, and see the notes there given. * " Yarowe, niylfoile, an herbe, Enreae." palsg, Forby mentions, under omen, a singularmode of divination practised in Norfolk by means of the yarrow,
*

plants of

" Yarroway, yarroway, bear a white blow; If my love love me, my nose will bleed now."

See Forby's Voeab, E. Angl., App. p. 424. The omen may possibly have been regarded as of greater value by the use of this particular plant because it was a homely remedy against bleeding. Thus Langham, in his Garden of Health, says of " Milfoyle or Yarrowe stampe it and apply it to wounds to stop the blood, and to stop bleeding at the nose."

PROMPTORIUIM PARVULORUM.

537

JE

(^OTTe, p.)

Vos.

jEVE couNSEL(3euyn,K. ^ocownsel,

S.)

jeeS', or ^eue leve (^euyn or ^eue Licencio. leue, p.)

Consulo, CATH.

5EEM,2 or jeve soke (^eiiyn sokyn,

s. ^en, h. jeue Lacto. jEEN, or 3eve stede and place (^euyn, k. ^en, h. ^eve, or ^evyn sted or place, s. ^eue, p.) Cedo. jERE. Annus.

JEDDYNGE, or geest, idem quod GEEST (or rowmamnce, svpra.

^eddinge oriest. suprainiQst.,^ p.)

K. 3eue or ^eve,

soulce, p.)

JELDYNGE. Reddicio. jeldgn' (or qvytviV, supra.) Reddo.

.

jeldon', or rewardyii'. Retribtio, repeudo, impendo. 3EELDE ])E GoosT, or deyyfi'. Expiro, exalo. jELKE, of an eye (ey, k. s. ^gge,
p.)

jERE BE JERE, or
atim.

^crly.

Annu-

jERDAY.

Anniversarius, vel annis.

Vitellus.

versarium. gERD, or 5orde (^eard or ^ord, Ortus. 3erde or court, p.)

jellyn', or hydowsly cryy'ii'. Vociferor, cath. jELLYNGE, or liydows cryynge.

Vociferacio.

Virr/a. jERDE, baleys. Ulna. jERDE, metwande. (jERESEFFE, s. Encennium.') jERDE, borne a-forne a worthymaii

JELPYNGE,

or

boostynge.

Jac-

(before, &c. s.) Quiris, ug. v. in a.

tancia, arrogancia.

5ELHWE

of colure (^elwe, k. k. jelhewe, s. ^elowe colowre, p.)

gERD, rope of a ^eyle ^erde (^erd or seyle ^erde, s.) Apifera, cath. jELSPE, handfulle (^espe, k. h.
3elpe,
et
s.

Glaucus.

^espjni, p.)'

Vola, ug.

jELHW,

colowi'e of ^elhwnesse (^el-

DIST.

wenesse of colour, k. ^elhewnesse, s. ^elownesse or yelowe

colowi"e, p.) Glaucedo. JEVE, or ^evyii' (^euyn, k. ^on or jevyn, s. ^en or ^euyn, p.) Do

confero, tribuo, dono, prebeo.

'

Spuma. jEEST, berme. Adhuc. jET. jeetyn', or sey ^ee (^etyn or seyn 3a wit worchepe, k. ^etyn or sey 3e with worship, p. yeyn or sey Voso. ye, w.)
v.

iStc,

but printed

&c.
*

gest by Pynson, supra. "See Halliweirs Diet. MS. Probably an error of the
^

jeddinges, tales,

iSic

copyist.

Bishop Kennett gives, as a North-country word, " A Goping full, a Goppen full, as niueh as can be held between two hands." Lansd. MS. 1033. See also Brockett, r. Gowpen, a handful, e.(/. gold in gowpens. Isl. gaupn; Su. Goth. goepn, manus concava. " Deus mayns ensemple vudes ou pleynes
sount nomes le galeynes (^yspun), Car niieux voudroie petite poignee (a littel honfol), De gyngyuere ben tryee,

En Fraunce

"

Jointe, a joynt

Que seyse cente galeynes (jyspones) De filaundre (of gosesomer) totes pleynes." G. de Bibelesworth. or double handfull of asmuch as can be held within both hands together.

In some countries of England

yaspin, or handful, T'o/(t."

it

gouldm.

iscalled ayeaspen, in othersa Goppen-ful of." cotg. " See N. and Q. 2d Ser. vol. .\. p. 210, 27(5, Zl^t.

638
(jETYN METALL,
K.

PROMPTORirM PARVn.ORtTM.
^etyn 01* jetc JFvndo.)
as
bellys,

appullys, or otker lyke.

Colli-

metel, h. ^etyn, p.^ jETYNGE, of metelle,

hium,

c. F.

pannvs, potys, and other lyke. Fusio, CATH. jYTY^xGE, -vfytlie vrurcliyp seyynge 56, and not thow (^etynge, k. seynge 56 not ]ni, s.) Vosacio.^ jEVE METE. Dcqnno, UG. (jevyn', or^eve, sxipra; ^euyn, s-

gYFTE, 50ve for wurschyppy^n^ge (^ouyn for worchepynge, k. for Honorarium, c. f. worship, p.)
cUnoditim, ug. y. in A.

jYFTE, 50ve to a dere frende for

love.

Amamen,

u.g. v.

in \.

pra

in yeu, p.

2)o.)

(gEN souKE, snpra in ^eue souke, p.) Streno, UG. in jEVE HANSAYLE.
stupeo.

gYFTE, 50ve to a lorde or mayster Xefrendiat certeyne tymys. ciian, CATH. et ug. in frendere. jYFTE, of gTace. Carisma, c. f. jYKYx' (^ekyn, k. or ykyn, s.) Prurio.

jEVE TALE, or
Curo.

reklcyu' (reknyn, p.)

jykynge, or 5ykth'e ^ (^ykyng or yschyng, s. ^ekyn or yeketh, p.)

jEVYNGE.

Dacio, donacio. Munus, donum, (donajYFTE. rinm, p.) jYFTE, of lytylle vale^, as perys.
'

jYMANNE, or 50manne.
pilo, s.jmjyido, p.)

Pruritus, pnn-igo, UG. v. in l. Valectus.

jYPPYx', as bryddys.4 Puhdo(jou-

&c. A jettynge place, and yote as a belle {al. molten and shoten. &c.) Fusorivm, in quo aliquod affunditur, a yeetyng panne." med. In the north country dialect a sraall vessel or boiler is called a yetling, probably from Cecilia de Homeldon, in being of cast metal. See Brockett and Jamieson v. Yetland. 1407, bequeaths " unum ^ettelyng et unum pelvem; item, unam ollam eream et unum jetlyng," &c. Wills and Invent., Surtees Soc. Elyot renders Statuar/a, " the crafte of grauynge or yettyng of ymages." See snpra, p. 30, belle^tare (al. bellejeter), a bellfounder; a term of nhich the tradition is preserved in Billiter Lane, London, the locality where foundries were anciently established. Ang. Sas. Geotain. fHndcre ; Geotere, fusor. 2 Compare tlie notes on \>0Vi'T:0N supra p. 535. Pasquier, in his Recherches dela France

"To

^ett,fvridere,fusnre.

To

^ett

be-twene, ^ettyd, ^ettyd

Fti.si/is,

in,

fusorinm.''''

cath. ang.

"i^/if/o, to ^ete to.

niulte

there eited, gives very curious details concerning the etiquette in ancient times of thus addressing a superior. He cites, as the earliest instance known to hini of such use of the plural pronoun, a letter of Pliny to the Emperor Trajan, in which the expression " indulgentia 'cfi^f/a " oecurs; and he shows the prevalence of sucli a praetice in later periods. See Ducange, v. Vohisare, and Vosare. An epistle, dated 1432, is there cited,
(liv. viii. c. 4),

which the writer craves his friend's indulgence for addressing him, in the manner of holy writ, in the singular instead of the plural, " nam et Christus magister omnium legitur volisasse." Marten. Ampl. CoH. t. viii. col. 177. Erasmus, ' barbaros " To je, vosare.'''' CATH. irridens," uses the words vossitare and vohissitare. ANG. " Voso, dicitur a vos, Angliee, to se." ORTUS. ^ Before the 3 in this word is apparently an I, through which a line is drawn as if for erasure. Compare ichyn', or ykyn', or jykyii', siipra, p. 258, and ICCHE, or ^iche, p. 259. " Pjvfrio, to jeke." med. " To ^eke, ;;;?///'>. '^ Porrigo, ^o\i\x\^e." Yccab. Roy. MS. A jeke, inipetigo, scoturigo, &c.'" cath. ang. See Broekett, X. Country GIoss., v. Yeuky, Prurient; Yeuk, yuck, to itch, &c. Ang. Sax. gicenes and gict>a, pruritus. * Compare pypyn, or ^yppe, as henn byrdys, pipio, pipulo, and pypynge, erj-e of jonge bryddys, lupra, p. 401.
in

nemincm umquam

PROMPTOniUM PARVULORUM.
5YS.
Ita, eciam.

539

jYSTYRDAY. Heri. jyxyn' (yexen, w.)i

Singulcio^
et ibi-

Veste?: jowRE. 50LDE MANNE, yn wen-e. Daticius. (5ONGE HORSE, S. PuIhlS.)

CATH. singulto, cath. jYXYNGE. Singultus, CATH.

juNGE.
lus,

Juvenis.

jUNGE CHYLDE.
imerulus.

Infuns, infautu-

dem secundum
joKKE.

pliisicos.

Jugum.
(jok,
s.

50KKE BEESTYs

30ckyn, p. yoken, w.) Jugo, cath. injugo, KYLTV,

JUNGE MAYDENE. JuveUCula. juNGE MANNE. Adolesceus, adolescentulus.

5UNGTh'e (yought, w.)

distich are found at the

Juventus.

The two following i^aragraphs and

end in the

MS.

in the Library at King's College,

Cambridge

% Explicit liber dictus Promptorius Parvulorum, sccundum vulgarem modum loquendi orientalium Anglorum. % Quicunque altcrius patrie vocabula a dicte patrie vocabulis, aut
litera aut sillaba aliquo

caveat, obsecro, ut

modo discrepancia, vohierit in hoc Hbro inserere, semper secunda Htera cum prima observetur; ut puta, non scribat Hond, pro Hande, nec Nose,pro Nese, in locis debitis, secundum vocem hterarum scribantur; vel sic scribat Hand or honde, Nese or

et sic de ahis; quia aliter liber cito viciabitur, et ordo scribendi confundetur, ac scrutatores vocabulorum in scrutando deficient, dum ea que scrutabuutur in locis debitis non inveniantur.2

nose,

% Nunc
Qui

legit

finem fixi, penitet me si male scripsi, emendat, scriptorem ne reprehendat.

is

The following colophon

in the edition printed

by Pynson

ad honorem omnipotentis dei. et intemerate genitricis ejus. Finit excellentissimum opus exiguis magnisque scolasticis utilissimum quod nuncupatur Medulha grammatice. Inpressum per egregium Richardum pynson. in expensis virtuosorum virorum Fredrici egmondt et Petri post pascha. anno domini. M.cccc. nonagesimo nono. Decima v*. die mensis Maii.

% Ad

laudem

et

nostrelle, soffreth nojt to galpyn,

tbe sed coct, and al hot put to i>e said of " Aiiet '-To jyske, singuUire. ne to rospyn, ne to ^exyn."' A jiskynge, siHgnlim." cath. axg. " I yeske, I gyve a noyse out of niy stomacke, Je Whan he yesketh next tell hym some straunge newes and he shall leave it. engloute. Yeske that cometh of the stomake, m/',f//o;?^ Yexing, Aoc^Mei." palsg. " Senglot, i\\& hickocke or yexiiig." COTG. Gerarde oljserves that rhubarb is commended by Dioscorides as a reraedy for " Yexing or tbe Hicket;" and, in Andrew Boorde's lireviary of Health, si/>g7dtvs is the Latin word; in English it is c. 325, " doth shewe of yexing or the hicket named the yexe or tlie liicket, aiid of some the dronken man's cough." A raee of green Dr. \V. Turner assures us that the broth of leaves ginger, he adds, is an excellent remedy. and seed of dill " swageth y hichkoke." Chaucer uses the word yexing as signifying
'

In Arund.

MS.

42,

f.

28,

it

is

sobbing. Test. of Love, 1, f. 272 b. 2 Tbis admonitory note occurs in the HarL MS. at tbe beginning, as printed p. 4, supra, sligbtly differmg from that given above from the King's Coll. MS. in which alone the distich is found.

540

PROMPTORIUM rARVULORUM.
notice
:

The following
by

and cnlophon ave

foiTnd at tlie

end in the editions

Wynkyn

de

Worde

Ad
^ And

lectorem.

yf ye can not fynde a laten worde, or englysshe worde acordynge

to yoiir pnrpose, in tliys present boke so shall ye take ortus vocabulornm,

the whyche

is

more redyer

to fynden a latyn
is

worde

after the

ABC.

aiid

englysshe therof folowynge for thys boke

laten after ony

thus ordened for to fynde a

maner of worde
more

in

englysshe for them that wyl lerne to

wryte or speke latyn. and because that no

man

or chyhle shall herafter

haue ony
fore

diffyculte

to serche for

ony latyn or englysshe worde. ther-

we haue ordened

this lybell in

smal volum for to bynde with Ortus"

vocabulorum moost necessary

for chyldren.

^ Ad laudem
finit

et

honorem omnipotentis

dei et intemerate genitricis eius

excellentissimum opus scoh^sticis angUe

quam maxime

necessarium.

quod merito medulla grammatices apud nos, vel paruulorum promptuarium nuncupatur, Impressum Londoniis per wynandum de worde in vico
angli-ce

(the fiete strete)

appellato sub solis intersignio

v.

commorantem.

Anno

domini. m.ccccc. xvi. die vero

mensis Septembris.
found

In the edition by Julian Xotary the same notice to the reader

at the end, with the following colophon
:

is

^ Ad laudem
finit

et

honorem omnipotentis

dei et intemerate genitricis eius

excellentissimum opus scoLasticis anglie

et verbale

quam maxime

necessarium,

quod Xominale
dula [sic)

iam apud nos promptorium paruulorum seu megrammatice nuncupatur. Impressmn per egregium JuHanum
et

notarium Impressorem commorantem extra temple barre sub Intersignio

Sanctorum trium regum,

sancti

venundatur apud bibliopolas in cimiterio

pauH

in

opulentissima ciuitate londoii.

Aus^usti.

Anno domiui

millesimo

ccccc. Octauo

xii. die

ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
In
this

modern

spelling.

graphy. which, although somewhat irregularly spelled, are but little out of their alphabetical place. As has been stated in the Advertisement, p. vii., the sole object has been to facilitate the reference to such words as are mis-spelled and considerably out of place.

Index are given the principal words which are irregularly spelled, together with their Those archaic words are consequently omitted wLich have no modern orthoIt has not been thought necessary to enlarge the index by the insertion of those words

Modem

word.

542
Modern word.

ORTHOUKAPHIC INDEX,

ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
llodern word.

543

544
Modern word.

OKTHOGRAPHIC

1XI)EX.

ORTHOGRAPHIC INPEX.
Modern word.

545

546
Modem
word.

ORTHOORAPHIC IXDEX.

ORTUOGKArHIC INDEX.
Modern word.

547

548
Modern word.

ORTHOGRAPHIC IXDEX.

0RTH06RAPHIC INDEX.
Jlodern word.

549
Proraptorium word.

Promptorium word.
Sterre

Slodern word.

Star
Start, to

Starve, to

Styrtyn Stervyn

Stew Steward
Stile

Stwe Styward
Steyle

Stoop, to
Store, to Strainer Strain, to
Strait

Stowpyn
Astoryn Strenyowre Streynyn

474 476 474 481 476 473 478

16

Throne Through

Trone Thurghe

Thumb
Thurible
Tire, to

Thowmbe
;

Thoryble, 497 A-tyre Tire (female dress)

503 493 492 Turrible, 506

17

Terwyn
Toost

Toast

489 497
505 506 506 502 501 501 502 502 502 502 503 497 481 603 503 495 497 497 497 495 489

Tomb
Tongue Torment,
Traitor
to

Tvmbe
Tunge Turmentyn
Tretowre Tretcherye

Strand Strange
Strike Strike, to Stroke, to

Struggling Stubble

Stubborn
Study, to Stumble, to
Stutter, to

Sub-deacon
Subtle

Such
Suck, to Succour, to Sucker

Sudden
Sue, to

Suet Sugar
Sultan

Summer Summon,
Sword

to Suppose, to Swallow, to

two-handed
Syllable

479 479 Streythe 479 480 Stronde Straunge 479 Strek 479 Streykyn, Strekyn 479 Strekyn 479 480 Strogelynge Stobul 479 475 Styburne 476 Stodyyn StumeStomelyn, 476 lyn, 481 Stotyn 477 462 Sodekene 465 Sotyle 483 Swyche 462 Socon 462 Socowryn 463 Sokere 462 Sodeyne 483 Svyn 483 Swete 484 Sukyr 466 Sowdon 464 Somer 464 Somownyu 465 Soposyn 482 Swelwyn 483 Swerde 495 To hand swerd
Cyllable

Treachery Tread, to Treason Treasure

Treat, to Trefoil Trestle

Tredyn Tresun
Tresoure Treton Tryfolye
Trostyll

Trouble
Trouble, to Trust, to

Torble Turbelyn Troston

Truth Tug, to

Trowthe

Turd
Turret

Toggyn Toord
Toret

Tusk

Tosche

Two
Tyraiit

To
Terawnte
Iddyr

Udder
Vain

258

Vane
Varnish

Veyyne Fane
Vernysche
Fate

508 148 509

151

Vat
Vault, to (a roof)

Vowtyn
Fente Verte Grece Veerce Fetche Vytaly

512
156 509 508 153 511 19

Vent
Verdigris

Verse

Vetch
Victual

77

Syrup
Tailor Tar, to Taste, to

Soryp
Talyowre Terryn
A-tastyn Teere Tete

465

Vow
Wadset, to Wail, to

A-vowe

486 489
16

Wed

setton

War
Wart Watch

Weylyn Werre
Werte, 523
;

Tear Teat Thames, the

Thaw Theme
Tliird

Temze Thowe Teme

Thryd
Tlnelty

Thirty

489 489 488 492 488 492 492

Wetche
W^ey

Way
Weapou Weak
Wealth

Wepne Weyke
Welthe

520 520 522 Wrette, 633 520 520 522 520

521

Wean,

to

Wene

522

550
Modern word.

ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
Promptonum word.

Wear, to

Weary Weasand
Weasel
Weather,
to

Weryn Wery
Wesaunnt
Weesylle

Wederyn

Week
Weep,
to

Woke Wepyn
Wylke Wedyr

Whelk
Wether

When
Whisper, to

Whann
Wisperyn Hool Holsum Hore

Whole Wholesome Whore Wick Wimple

Wing
Winnow,
Wish,
to to

Weyke Wympyl Wenge

Wynwyn
Wuschyn
Wulfe

Wolf

INDEX
OF THE PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF THE NOTES.
N.B. Such Notes as only exemplify the use of words may be found by referring to those words in the Dictionary, with the aid, when necessary, of the preceding Index."

Abacus, see Counter or Counting-board, 98 Abele, 17 Alfyn (chess piece), 18 Algorism, 18. Alure (of a castle), 10 Amice (vestment), 11
Andiron, 19

parvise, 385 parget (for walls), 283, 467; soler, 464; to-fall (penthouse), 495 travas or traverse (screen), 499 tresawnce, 502; vane or fane, 149 ; vice

382

(spiral stair),

509
:

^
;

Armour and Arms

195
;

baselard, 25

gisarme,

Appulmoce

(in cookery), 13

Architecture, alure, 10;

ceiling,

mihtary
bastille,

and domestic 26; bretache, 50;

:

65; eaves, 144; fomerel (chim169; framing (timber-work), 176; garret (guerile), 187 ground (foundation), 215 ; gurgoyl, 186 haunse (lintel), 2.30 ; hearth stock, 237 ; jetty (projecting work), 192; levecel (of a window),
ney)
:

habergeon, 220; lawncegay, 290; kettle-hat, 273; palet, 378; 392.* pennon, Askyfise (fire-blower), Ivii. 15, 560 Attyrcoppe (spider), 16 Avener (of the stable), 18
gun, 218
;

300;
*

louver,

315;

parclose

(screen).

Baleys (rod),22, 450. Banker (covering of a seat), 23 Banner, sce guidon, 197 Bar (of a girdle), 23

it would be convenient if the words illustrative of certain subjects were grouped together under general heads. For Architecture, Armour, Cookery, Dress, the Fauna and Flora with which the author seems to have been conversant, and some other subjects, this Index supplies means of reference, not only to the notes, but also to most of the kindred words occurring in the Promptorium under each class respectively, but to which only brief allusion, if any, will be found in the Notes. Of the words last mentioned the lists will be found at the foot of the page. See also clokerre (belfry), 82; coppe (finial, &c.), 91; cornel, 93; dormant tree (beam), 127; draw-bridge, 131 forcelet (strong place), 170; grate or trellice, 207, 501; grece (step), 209; hatch, 231; oilet, 363; overslay (lintel), 374; pane, 381; pikewall (gable), 397 ; portcullis, 410; postern, iizd.; roof-tree, 435, 439; shingles (for roofing), 446 spar (of a roof), 467 spargetting or pargetting, ibid.; shore (under-pinning), 448;

It

has been suggested that

special

i"

tower of wood, 498 turret, 497 527 windbeam (of a roof), 529.
; ;
^

vault,

512; weathercock, 520; wicket

(little

window),

See also arbalest, 9; bright sword, 52; broad arrow, 53; dagger, 111; dart, 114; escutcheon, 449; falchion, 152; hauberk, 230; helm, 235; leg harness, 293; mail of porael, 408; quarrel, 419 an habergeon, 320; plate of armour, 403; pole axe, 407 quiver, 421 ; scabbard, 443; shaft o/ a spear, ibid. ; sparth, 467; spear, 468; staff sling, 471 ; stone bow, 477 tacle or weapon, 485 target, 487 two-hand sword, 495 trebgot, 501 truncheon, 504 ; vyrolfe (ferrule) of a knife, 510 warbrace or bracer, 516 ; warder,
; ; ; ; ; ; ;

ibid.

CAMD. SOC.

4 B

552

INDEX OF THE
Bretache (of a castle) 50 Brewing, s.v. gyle or new ale, 193 Brooch, 52 Browesse (in cookery), 53 Browett (in cookery), 54 Brygyrdyll (dress), 51, 387 Buffalo or bugle, 55
55
;

Barbican, 23 Barnacle (bird, or shell-fish), 32 Baselard (weapon), 25 Bastille, 26 Beacon, 161 Beaker, 35 Bearward, 37 bugle (buffalo), Beasts beaver, 34
:

Buffetstool, 41

ratche, 422.*

Beaver, 34

Bug (spectre), 55 Burwhe (halo), 56

Cadas (tow, &c.), 57 Cade (of herrings, &c.), 57
Calthrop (herb), 58, 162 Caltrap (spiked iron), 59 Calvur (of salmon), 59

Benett (order in the church), 31 Beryl, 32 Bever (drinking), 34 Bice (color), 35 barnacle, 32; gant, 186; gr>'pe Birds pheasant, 158 reyn fowl (vulture), 212 (woodpecker), 428 ^ Blanket, 38 Blawndrelle (apple), 58
:

Camping

Bonschawe

(ailment),

44
Donet, 126
>

Books: Caton,
wood,

63

Bragett (drink) 46 Brake (fern), 47

Brasil
(for dyers),

47
;

(ball play), 60, 269 Canopy, 60 Carfax, 188 Carver (at table), 272 Cato (manual of ethics), 63 Caudle (drink), 64 Caul (head-dress), 270 Causeway, 64

paynmayne, 378 Bread: Breeches, 48

simnel, 77, 456

Ceiling, 65

Chalon (bed-covering), 68

* See also camel, 59, 69; doe, 124; dormouse, 127; dromedary, 133; elephant, 138, 363; fawn, 175 fox, ibid.; fouraart, 182; grey (badger), 209; greyhound, ibid. griffin, 212; heifer, 234; kenet (hound), 271; leopard, 291; lion, 306 marmoset, 327 panther, 381; polecat, 407; porcupine, 394, 409; pricket, 413; rabbit, 421; ratun, 424; squirrel, 450; spaniel, 467; stot (horse), 477; tortoise, 497; unicom, 511; roe, 435 urchone (hedgehog), 512 weasil, 523 wether, 519 wolf, 534. chaffinch, 68; colmose, 88; coo See also botowre, 45; buzzard, ibid.; cadaw, 57 or keo (chough), 84, 272, 280; coote, 95 doppar, crow, 105 cuckoo, 281 curlew, 111 127,129; dotterel, 128; dove, ibid. duck, 125; dydoppar, 121; ende (duck), 139; falcon, 152; fieldfare, 154; finch, 161; gerfalcon, 190; goldfinch, 202; goshawk, 204; hobby hawk, 242 jay, 256; kingfisher, 275; keo (chough), 272, 280; laneret, 287; lapwing, 288; lark, ibid. mallard, 323, 330 mavice, 330 merlyon, 334; martlet, 327 mew, 346; muskytte, 349 night crow, 356; nightingale, ibid.; nuthatch, 359 ostrich, 372; owl, 250; partridge, 395; peahen, 390; pelican, 391; pigeon, 396; plover, 405; popler or shoveler, 448; popinjay, 409; pullet, 416; puttock, 418; pye, 395; quail, 418; raven, 424; redbreast, 426 ruddock (redbreast), 438; seamew, 346, 452; sheldrake, 445 shoveler, 448; snipe-or snyte, 460; sparhawk, 468 sparrow, 467 starling, 472; stork, 477; sugge, 483; swallow, 481; swan, ibid.; teal, 487; tercel, 489; throstle, 493; titmouse, 494 wagstart, 513 wild goose, 528; woodturtle dove, 507 cock, 531 wood dove, ibid.; woodhack, ibid.; wodewale, 428, 531 wren, 533 wype
;
;

(lapwing), 530.
= See alsoantiphoner, 12 ; bible, 35 ; grayle, 207 ; hymnal,259, 503 ; faceet, 145, 562 journal, 268; legend, 293; manual, 325; missal *r mass-book, 334; primer, 413; porthose, 410; processional, 414 ; psalter, 442 troper or ympner, 503. ^ See also bread twice bakvn, 48; byscute, 58; cracknel, 100; schj^^-ere of bread, 447 wastel, 517.
; ; ;

PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF TIIE NOTKS.

Chandler, 71 Chanting, 71

553

Chape
Chare

(of a scabbard), 69
(vehicle), 69

Charlet (cookery), 70 Chasuble, 73 Chequers (sign of an inn), 66 Chess (game of) alfyn, 18; matyn, 329; pawn, 41 Cheverel (leather), 73
:

198; haggis, 220; hasteler (roaster of meat), 229 jusselle, 268 jowtys, 265 ; leche, 292; link (sausage), 306; noonmeat or nunchion, 360 porre, 409 rcre supper, 430 reward (dessert ?), 431.'" Coppe (pinnacle or ridge), 91 Corf, 561
; ; ; ; ;

Corn-muse

Christmas gifts, 362 Chysel (gravel), 73

Chynchone

(herb), 77

Cope, 62, 97 Citron, 78

Cittern (musical instrument), 196 Claret wine, 79

(bag-pipe), 93, 247 Corporas (for a chalice), 93 Corrody, 308 Coste (drug), 94 Coster (wall-hanging), 95 Costrel (pilgrim's botlle), 95 Counters (for calcuiation), 98 Cowl (coop or tub), 97 Cowl-staff, 97

Crapaudine (precious stone), 101

Cresset, 102 Crosier, 103

Clergy (erudition), 81, 301

Clock (orlage), 370 Coat armour, 95 Cockney, 86, 281 Cocur (ploughman's boot), 85 Cocurmete, 561 CofBn (basket, or pie crust), 86
Coif, 106

Crowd

(musical instrument), 105 (wheel-barrow), 25, 105

Cu

(half farthing), 106,

222

Coin

eu, 106, 222, Luschburue, 61, 86 ; mite, 340" Collar (oflivery), 87, 309
:

317,

Cucking-stool, 107, 281 Cumnawnte (agreement), 108, 173 Cupboard, 109 Cupping, s.v. Bledynge boyste, 38 Curfew, 110

Colysshe (in cookery), 88 Compline, 109 Coneygare (warren), 90 appulmoce, 13 Cookery and Food
:

brow-

esse, 53; browett, 54; calvur (of fish), 59; caudle, 64 ; charlet, 70 ; coffin (pie crust),

128 ; colysshe, 88 ; dowce egyr, 86 flawn, 164; frawnchemul, 177; froyse, 180; gawncely, 189; gleyre (of eggs),
;

Daggyde or jagged (garments), 1 1 , 255 Dais, 119 Dalmatic, 112 Dawbing (of walls), 114 Deye (dairy woman), 1 16 Dice play, 112 Dirge, 121 felon (sore), 154 ; mormal, 343; Diseases pose (cold in the head) 410
1
:

halfpenny, 224. See also groat, 214 broiled meat, 53 browesse, ibid. ; browett, 54 See also batter, 27 brothe, ibid. isylcheesecake, 73; collop, 88; eycake (of eggs), 266; fritter, 179; gruel, 21 1, 215 pancake, cake, 266 leek pottage, 295 meresauce, 334 myse (crumbs of bread), 339 380; paste of dough, 385; pasty, ibid. pickle, 397; pie, 395; posset, 410; pudding, 416; salad, 440 sauce, 441 sausage, ibid. sew, 454; soleyne (mess of meat), 463; vert sauce, 509 ; sour milk, 485 steak, 473 syrup, 465 tart, 487 ; verjuice, 508 vinager, 510 white meat, 525. cawepys (strangury), 71 ; chekenynge (suffocaSee also ague, 8 aposthume, 411 gout, 206; headache, tion), 72; crick (cramp), 103, 448; emerawntys, 139; fever, 163 523; hoose (cough), 248; jaundice, 258 ; leprosy, 297, 339; measles, 328; megrim, 337; morphew, 343; mowle (sore), 346; palsy, 380; pearl in the eye, 394; phthisic, 494; pock, 407; podagre, 406, 411; purcy, 416; purples, 417; quartan fever, 419; quinsey, 484 scalle, 442; schote (crick), 448; stitch redgownd, 426 ringworm, 434 in the side, 475; stone, 476; sty in the eye, 475; walmyng (qualm), 514; werkyng (headache), 523 ; whitlow, 525.
"
;

<=

554
Dole (land-mark), 126 Donet (grammar), 126
Dorlott (head-dress), 127 Dorser (of aseat), 125, 127 Doublet, 124

INDEX OF THE
Dvverowe (dwarf), 134 Eaves, 144 Ecclesiastical ornaments and appliances, Vestments, i/cfi-a

tee

Edgrow

(after-math), 135

Dough-scraper or dowrybbe, 129 Dowce egyr (in cookery), 129 Dowcet (in cookery), 128 Dragons (herb), 129

Elder (tree), 137 Elf (goblin), 138 Eme (uncle), 139

Drawke

(herb), 130 Dress, tissues, &c. ; bar (of a girdle), 23 ; blanket (cloth), breeches, 48; brygyrdyll, 51,387; caul, 270; cocur (bootj, 85; coif, 61, S6; collar of livery, 87, 309; dagged or jagged garments, 111, 255; dorlott (head-dress), 127; doublet, 124 dudde, 134; falding, 147 felt, 154; fente or vent, 156; fillet (head-dress), 160; frock (monk's garment), 179; galoche, hatyr (ragged garment), 184; gore, 203 229; hose, 248; huke, 238; hure (headcovering), 249, 252; jagged garments, 111, 255; jupon, 265; kerchief, 272

Enameling (art of), 260 Eranye (spider), 140

Erbare (herb-garden), 140 Ewer, 143 Fables (of men and animals, Libysticcv), 467 Faytowre (quack or conjurer), 146, 495 Falchion, 152 Falding (dress), 147
Falling sickness, 148, 312

Fanon

(for a priest),

149

Farthing, half, or cu, 106, 222 Fast gonge (Lent), 151 Felon (sore), 154
Felt,

154

277; label, 283; livery, 308; nouch, or ouch, 359; orfrey, 368 pal380 ; petticoat, 395 pilch, 397 purfle, 416; pynsone (sock), 400, 462; rylle, or rail, 434; shoes with longpeaks, 396; sock, 462; vampe (of hose), 508; warde corce, 516.''
kirtle,
;

tock,

Feltryke (herb), 154 Fenestral (window blind), 155 Fennel, 155 Fente (vent, in dress), 156 Feretory (bier), 157 (shrine), 157
Fillet (head-dress),

160
;

Fish

calvur

(of salmon) 59

flathe,

164;

Drift (of a forest), 132 Drugs, see Spices, infra

garfish,

186; mermaid or nykyr, 356;

348.''

mulwell,

Dudde

(dress), 134

Dwale (herb), 134

*
;
;

Flakette (bottle), 163 Flathe (fish), 164

;

See also apron, 351 cendal, 452 cors (of a girdle), 94, 451 corset, 92; cuff eyelet, 363 fingerling (of a glove), ICI frieze, 179 fringe, 178 ; fustian, 183; garter, 188; golyon, 202; gore, 203; gown, 206; gylle (apron), 194; hat, 229; huke, 239; lap (skirt), 287; mantle, 333; patten, 385; ponyet (of a sleeve), 408; riband, 432; robe, 435; satin, 441; say, 440; scut, 451; shirt, 447 ; short or stukkyd garment, 448, 4! slop, 460; smock, 461 spangle, 467; stamyn (cloth), 472 straple (of breeches), 478 straw hat, 229; tippet, 494 tyrf (of a hood or sleeve), 494 train, 499 veil, 508 velvet, ibid vice for a hood, 510 volypere, 512 wayne of a garment, 513; weed, 519; wimple, 528. ^ See also brunswyne, 54 but, 56; carp, 62 chelynge, 72 cockle, 86; codling, 85; conger, 109; crevice, 102, cuttle, 96; dolphin, 126; eel, 137; green ling, 210; gudgeon, 202; gurnet, 219; haddock, 220; hake, 222; herring, 237; hornkeke, 247; hound fish, 250; husk, 254; lamprey, 290; ling, 296; loach, 310; luce, 316; mackarel, 321; megyr, 331; miller's thumb, 337; minnow, 333; mullet, 342; mussel, 348; nusse, 360; oyster, 360; pickerel, 397; pike, 396; porpoise, 417; prawn, 411; ray, 427; razor fish, 424; roach, 435; rowhe (ray), 438; ruff, ibid.; salmon, 441; salt fish, 441 sand eel, 441; scate, 443; seal, 65, 452; shrimp, 449; smelt, 460; sole, 463; spirling (.9. v. broche), 52; stickling, 475; sturgeon, 481; tench, 488; thornback, 492; trout, 503; turbot, 506; whale, 418,523; whclk, 528.
(mitten), 106
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF THE NOTES.

(in cookery), 164 Fleet (channel, -water-course), 1G6 Fleyke (hurdle), 165 Furze (gorse), 162, 204 Fylowre (barbers' implement), 160 Fyschelle (basket), 163

555

Flawn

125, 127; dough rib, or scraper, 129 ewer, 143; flakett, 163; forccr (casket) 170 frank (for fatting animals), 177 garnish (of dishes), 187; hand-barrow 225; hutch, 254; jordan (pot), 267, leep (basket), 296 maser, 328 pricket
;

Fomerel (chimney), 169 For the nonce, 173

Forcer (casketj, 170 Forel (of a book, 171 Foyne (fur), 168 Frame (of timbered buildings), 176 Frank (for fatting animals), 177 Fraunchemul (in cookery), 177 Frayle (of fruit), 175 Frock (monk's dress), 179 Frontal (of an altar), 181 Froyse (in cookery), 180 Fruits blawndrelle, 38 ; citron, 78 * Foumart (animal), 182 Funk (of fire), 182 Furniture and household appliances andiron, 19; banker, 23; beaker, 35; buffet stool, 41; canopy, 60; coster, 95; costrel,i6trf. cowl (tub), 97 cowl stafF, ihid.; cresset, 102; dais, 119; dorser,
:

(candlestick),
;

413;

rib

(for
;
''

dressing
snuflters,

flax), 432 slickstone, 458, 472 461 strayle (bed clothes), 479 Fute (scent in thechase), 183
;

Gale (shrub), 189 Galingale (spice), 185. Galoche, 184

Games: alfyn

(chess-piece),
;

(ball play), 60,

interlude, 262 ; 338, 518; totyr, 498*:

18; camping 269 dice play, 112, 120; matyn, 329; myry tottyr,

Gant

(bird), 186

Garfish, 186 Garnish (dishes

Garret

(ffuerUe,

on a buffet), 187 watch-tower), 187

Gawncely

Gewgaw

(sauce), 189 (pipe), 218

Geeste (romance, gesta), 191

Get (fashion), 191

; ; ;

See also almond, 10 apple, 99 barbary, 23 buliace, 42 cherry, 72 chesnut, 73; costard, 94 crab apple, 99; damson, 112; date, 114; fig, 159; filbert, 160; haw, 230; Jordan almond, 257; mulberry, 348; olive, 364; peach, 388, 396; pear, 394; pear apple, i/yirf. pine nut, 400; pomegranate, 408 powmpere, 41 1 querdlynge (apple), 420; quince, 420; sycomore, 455; sloe, 459 ; swetynge (apple), 483; walnut, 514; warden,
*
;
;

(pear), 516.

See also cruskyn, 106; cuppe, 109; cupboard, ibid.; cushion, 111; dial, 120; almery, 10; dotelle (stopper), 127; dresser, 131; doubler (dish), 124, 134; donge (mattras), 127 fall (mouse-trap), 147, 347; fat or vat, 151; faucet, 152; felt or quilt, 154; fire fork, 161 fire stone (to strike fire), ibid.; fly flap, 167; form (long stoolj, 172; frying pan, 179 gylle (little pot), 194; grater (for bread, &c.), 207 ; hanging, 226; high bench, 232; juste (pot), 268; kymlyne (tub), 274; lantern, 287 ; lamp, 290; lewte (cup), 302; maund (hasket), 331 meat settle (cupboard), 335 ; mirror, 339 mortar, 344 mouse fall (trap), oil pot, 364; oven, 372; pail, 377 ; pepper 147, 347; mustard pot, 349; napkin, 351 quern,393; posnet, 410; pot spoon, 411 punder (for weighing), 416; purpoynt (bed covering), 416; quern, 420; sarce, 441; saucer, ibid.; shaping knife, 444; shave or shaving knife, ibid.; scales, 449; sconse, 450; screen, 450; scummer, tiwi.; side bench, 455; snufi"ers, 461; soo (tub), 462; soo tree or cowl tree, 466; spere (screen), 468; strainer, 479; temze (sieve), 488 tester, 489 tongs, 496; towel, 498 tunner (funnel), ibid., bOO; trencher, 501; trencher knife, ibid.; trestle, 503; trough, 503; trussing coffer, 504; tinder, 506 tun, ibid.; wardrobe, 516; washing beetle or battledoor, 517. See also bace pleye, 20; ball play, 22; buck hid, 404; chase of tennis, ^-^; daly (dice), 112; hazard, 228 laykyn (toy), 285,404; mating at chess, 329 moppe (doU), 342; popyn (doll), 409; prylle (top), 413; quintain, 421; quoit, 86; shuttlecock, 447; somyr game, 464; spylkok (top), 413, 469; running, 430; repone of a ball, 430; tabler (for the game at tables), 435; tennis, 488; ternyn, 489; top, 496; tripet, 503; whirlgig (top), 413, 525.
''

"=

556
Gibbeciere, 195 Gile (wort for ale), 193 Gimmals fhinges), 194

INDEX OF THE
Gurgoyl, 186

Gin (machine), 195

Gisarm, 195
Gittern (musical instrument), 196 Gladwyn (herb), 197 Gleyre (of an egg), 198 Golfe (rick), 202

Gonge
Gore

(privy),

203

Habergeon, 220 Haggis, 220 Hair (fashion of coloring), 294 Hale (tent), 222 Halow (sailor^s cry), 223 Hamper, 226 Hand-barrow, 225 Hansell (earnest), 236

Goose-grass, 204
(of dress), 203

Harbour (lodging-place), 226

Harlot (buffoon), 227

Gossamer, 205 Gossip (sponsor), 204 Gote (water-course), 205 Grains of Paradise (spice), 209 Grange, 208 Grayle, 207 Grece (stairs), 209 Greek fire, 219, 527
Griffin,212 Grocer, 213

Hasp

(of yarn),
(of

238 adoor), 238

Gromwell (herb), 213 Ground (foundation), 215 Grout (for brewing), 217
Gruel, 215
Grj'ce, (i^riXfur), 211 Grype (vulture), 212

(trench), 213, 216 Guidon (banner), 197 Gun, and gunner, 2l8, 219

Hassock (tuftof giass), 228 Hasteler (roaster of meat), 229 Hatch, 231 Hatyr (ragged cloaths), 229 Haunse (lintel), 230 Hay net (for rabbits), 221 Hayyr (hair-cloth), 221 Hearse, 236 Hearth stock, 237 Henchman, 233 Herbs : brake, 47; calthrop, 58, 162; dragaunce, 129; drawke, 130; dwale, 134; feltryke, 154 fennel, 155; gale. 189; gladvvyn, 197; goose-grass, 204; gromwell, 213 hove (ground ivy), 250 matfelon, 329, 442 mandrake, 324 titymalle, 495 * mugwort, 347
; ; ;

See also agrimony, 136; alexanders, 10; alkenet, ifcid.; ambrose, 11; arage, 13; baldbitter sweet, 37 borage,44; broom, 53; brownwort, (gentian), 190; betony, 34 byllerne, 36; bynde (woodbine), 36; calamint, 58; calkestoke, ibid.; 34; bur, 5G grass, 204; carraway, 62; carlock, 62; celidony, 65; camomile, 59; camoroche or goose chervil, 73; chesebolle, ibid.; chickweed, 74; chylle, 75; chynchone (groundswell), 77; comfrey, 97; cowslip, chives, 78, 457; cibol, 74; clote, 83; cockle, 86; columbine, 88 99; cress, 102; crowfoot, 105; culrage, 108; daisy, 112; darnel, 119; deaf nettle, 116; endemete (duck weed), 140; endive, 140; faytowrj-s grass, 146; dittany, 123; dock, 125 feverfew, 152; flax, 164; fumitory, 160; garlick, 187; gentian, 190; germander, ibid.; golds, 202; gourd, 203; hayiyf, 221, 319; hastybere, 228; harfs gillyflower, 194; henbane, 235 hollyhock, 243; hellebore, 138; hemlock, 253 heath, 238 tongue, 238 householrysche (bulrush), 244; honeysuckle, 245; horehound, 247; horse mint, 248 leek, 251, 371; hyssop, 266; lavender, 290; leek, 295; lettuce, 300; lily, 305; liverwort, 309; lovage, 314; madder, 319; mallow, 324; marjoram, ibid.; martagon, 344; mayde weed or maythys, 319; mercury, 333; milfoil, 337 mint, 338 morel, 343 moss, mustard, 349 nepe (wild gourd), 344; motherwort or mugwort, 341; mouse ear, 347 353; nep, ibid.; nettle, 354; oculus Christi, 361; onion, 365; orpine, 371; patience, 376; parsley, 393; pellitory, 391, 394; periwinkle, 395; pimpernel, 399; piony, 395, purslane, poppy, 409; porret, 409; primrose, 413 plantain, 403 ; polypody, 408 401 417; pylyol, 399; ramsons, 422; rape, 423; rastylbow, 424; reed, 426; ribwort, 433; rice, ibid.; rue, 438; rush, 435; sage, 441; St. John's wort, 140; sanguinary, 441
"

mony

PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF THE NOTES.

Herre (hinge), 237
Jordan (pot), 267 Jowtys (pottage), 265 Jugglcr, 263 Jupon, 265 Jusselle (in cookery), 268

557

Heyward

(cattle-keeper),

234

Hiccup, or yesing, 539 Hilling (covering), 240

Hobgoblin, hob-thrush, &c., Ixv. 491

Holm

Holly, 244 (water-side pasture, &c.), 243 Holt (wood), 244 Hoppe (Unseed), 246

Kenet (hound), 271

Kerchief, 272 Kettle-hat (helmet), 273
Kirtle (dress), 277

Hops, 245 Hornpipe, 247 Horse-litter, 247 Hose, 248 Hove (ground ivy), 250 Household appliances, see Furniture, svpra Howe (head-covering), 249 Howselyn (to give the eucharist), 250 Huckster, 252 Huke (garment), 232

Kyx

(hollow stalk as of hemlock), 277

Label (in costume), 283 Lanere (thong or points), 286 Latonere (interpreter or dragoman), 28 Latten (metal), 289 Lawncegay (weapon), 290 Leash (for a hound), 291 Leche (in cookery), 292
Lectern, 299 Leech (physician), 291

Hurds (tow), 241 Hure (head-covering), 249 Husband (thrifty man), 254 Huske (fish), 254 Hustylment (furniture), 255
Hutch, 255
Insects, &c.:

Leep (basket), 296

Leman

attyrcoppe,

(concubine), 295 Leper, 297, 328 Levecel (of a window, &c.), 300 Ling (heather), 238, 305

16; malt-bowde,

323
Interlude, 262

Jack (arraour'), 256 Jagged (garments), 255

Jape, or gawde (joke), 189, 257 Javel (base fellow), 257
Jesses,

Link (sausage), 306 Livery, 308 Lyveresone (corrody in an abbey) 309 Lollard, 311 Louver (in a roof), 315 Lurdeyne (churl or sot), 317 Luschburue (counterfeit coin), 317 Lye (for washing the hair), 294

258
Malte bowde (weevil), 323 Mandrake, 324 Manual (service book), 325 Margery (pearl), 326

Jet, 191

Jetty (of a building), 191

Jewry, 267

John (name used incontempt), 264

savory, ihid.; scabious, 442; sedge,

sengrene, 251, 453; senvyne (mustard), 64, 451 349, 453; setwall, 454; skirret, 449,458; sokelynge, 463; sorrel, 465; sour dock, 466; sow thistle, 467 ; southern wood, 467 spearwort, 469; spurge, 470; squill, 471; stanmarch, 10, 472; stare (sedge), ihld.; tansy, 486; thyme, 494; trefoil, 502; tunhoof, 506; vervein, 509; vetch, 153; violet, ihid.; woad, 513, 520, 532; walwort, 514; walhwe sweet or bitter sweet, 515 ; warlock, 349, 517 watercress, 518; water lily, ibid. ; weybread, 520; wild mallow, 528; woodbine, 531; woodrufiF, ibid. ; wormwood, 530 ; wyse (strawberry), 531 yarrow, 536. " See also aranye, eranye, &c. 14, 140, 469; arwygyll or erwygyll (earwig), 15, 143; bowde (malt worm), 46, 323 budde, fly, 54 cricket, 103 gnat, 278 ; grasshopper, 210 ; hand lyme (worm), 225; hound fly, 250; leech, 291; locchester or lokdore, 311,316, 563; loburyone (snail), 310; lumbryke, 316; scarbot (fly), 442; spinner (spider), 469 warbote, 516 wort worm, 532.
; ; ; ; ;
;

558
Martyrology, 327

INDEX OF THE
Patten, 385 Pavise, 386

Mawment
Meny

(idol, &c.),

330

Maser, 328 Matfelon (herb), 329

(family,

company), 332

Mere (boundary), 333

Mermaid, or nykyr, 356 Mestlyon (mixed grain), 130,334 Mite (coin), 340 Mormal (disease), 343 Mugvvort (herb;, 347 Mulwell (fish), 348
Musical Instruments : cittern or gittern, 196; gewgaw, 218; hornpipe, 247; nacorne, 350 organ, 369 ; recorder, 425* Must (drink), 349
;

Pawtenere (pouch), 387 Pax-board, 388 Paynmayne (in cookery), 378 Pearl, see Margery, 326 Pectoral (worn by a bishop), 389 Peddar Way (in East Angha), 389 Pellet (shot for a gun), 391 Penon, 392 Percher (candle), 393 Perdycle (precious stone), 394
Petticoat,

395

Pheasant, 158 Pilch (garment), 357 Play, playthings for children, see Games,
supra. Plash (pool), 403 Pointel (for writing), 406 Points ifor tying dress), see Lanere, 286

Muster (of soldiers), 349

Mychekyne (bread), 336 Myry tottyr (child's play), 338, 498, 518
Nacorne (military music), 350 Nickname, 352 Nouch, 359 Numbles (of a deer, &c.), 360 Noon-meat, or nunchion, 360 Nykyr (mermaid), 356
Obly (wafer for the mass), 360 Orange, 371 Orfrey, 368 Organ, 369 Orloge, 370 Ouch, 359 Owmbrer (of a helmet), 375
Paddok(toad), 376 Pageant, 377 Palet (helmet), 378
Paltock (garment), 380

Pohvygle (tadpole), 408 Popler (bird), 409 Porre (peas pottage), 409 Pose (cold in the head), 410 Precious stones, &c. beryl,
:

3'2

cre"

pawnde, 191 margery Pryket (candlestick), 413 Purfle (of dress), 416 Pynsone (sock), 400, 462
;

(pearl),

326

Quire (of parchment or paper), 418

Ratche (hound), 422

Ratchets (wild geese), Ixiv. Recorder (musical instrument), 425 Reyn fowl (woodpecker), 428 Rere supper (evening meal), 430 Reward (in cookery),43l Rib (for beating flax), 432 Rylle or rail (dress), 434

Pane

(in architecture),

381

Pantler (officer of the pantry), 381 Parclose (screen), 382 Pardoner (vendor of indulgences), 383 Parget (plaister for walls), 383 Parowre (of a vestment, /jarwra), 384
Parvise, 385

Sabrace (for dressing leather?), 440,563 Shingle (for a roof), 75 Shoe (long peaked or cracow), 396

Simnel (bread), 456

See also clarion, 80; cormuse, 93; crowde, 105 cymbal, 456; dancing pipe, 114 ; 159; flute, 168; gyterne, 196; harp, 228; lay harp, 284; lute, 318; pipe. 401 ; psaltery, 442; rybybe, 433; schalm, 443; shepherd's pipe, 445; tabor, 485; timbrel, 494 treble song, 501 trump, 503; trumpet, 504 b See also adamant, 6 alabaster, 8 amber, 19 coral, 92 crystal, 103 diamond, 120; jasper, 257; loadstone or magnet, 325 ; marble, ibid. white marbie, ibid.; perdycle, 394 perre (pearl), 394 ; sapphire, 440 ; shipmen's stone (loadstone), 447.
*
;

fiddle,

PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OK THE NOTES.

Slickstone (for smoothing linen), Sneezing, 354
Snuffers, 461
4.")S,

559

412

Turf(peat,&c.), 506 Tytymalle (herb), 495

Socks
Speyr

(for the feet), 462 Soler (of a house), 464

(in dress),

Vampe

468
:

Spices and drugs Brasil wood, 47 coste, grains of Paradise, 209 " 94 Star shot, or star jelly {(remella), Ixv. 474 Starch, 472
; ;

(of hose), 508 Vernage (wine), 509 Vestments and church appliances

Stannchegreyne Stravvberry, 478

(for

parchment), 472

Strayle (bed-covering), 478

amice, chasuble, 73 ; cope, 62, 97 corporas, 93; crosier, 103 dalmatic, 112 fanon, 149 feretory (bier), 157 feretory (shrine), ibid. frock (monk's garment), 179; lectern, 299; obly. 360, 508; orfrey, 368; parclose (screen), 382; parowre, 384 ; parvise, 385 =
:

11

Syyd

(as long garments, &c.), 77,

455

Vice (spiral stair), 509 Vyrne (windlass?), 510

Thee and thou (use of), 492, 535, 538 Thethorne (tree), 490 Thurse (goblin), 491 To-falle (pent-house), 495 Totehylle (look out), 497 Totyr (child's play), 498 Travas, or traverse (screen), 499 Treacle (medlcine), 500 Trebuchet. 501

Warbrace

Warde

(for the arm), 516 corce (garment), 516

Wheel spore (rut), 524 Wild fire, or Greek fire, 527

Wine claret, 79 vernage, 509 Wodewose (wild man), 531 Wrek (water plant), 5:53
:

^*

Wyfle (weapon),

whiffler,

&c. 526

Tree: abele,

17

elder, 137 ^

Tresawnce (in architecture), 502 Tuly (color). 505

Yarrow

(herb), divination by, 536

assenel, poison, 15; canel, 60 See also alum, 10; anise, 11 cinnamon, 78; cloves, confection of spices, 90; copperas, 91; cubebs, 421; cumin, 89; fennel seed, 156; galingale, 185; gillofyr (clove), 194; ginger, 195 grains, 209 gum, 218 licorice, 303 mace, 319; mastic, 329; mustard, 349 nutmeg, 359 quybybe (cubebs), 421; saffron, 440; scammony, 442 sugar, 484 sugar-plate and sugar candy, ibid.; spikenard, 469 ; wine dregs (tartar), ibid. turbith, 506; wine balls, 529 See also alder, 369 ash, 143 asp, ibid. ; beech, 27 ; benwyt, 31 black thorn, 38 chesnut, 73 cedar, 451 citron, 78 cork, 93 crab, 99 cypress, blrch, 36; box, 46 456 eban, 135 elrn, 138 fir, 161 hawthorn, 230; hazle, 238 hulwur, 253 hyldyr 78, laurel, 291, 313 ; lyynde, 305 maple, 325 oak, 363 elder, 137 ; juniper, 266 or old plane, 402 olive, 364 oryelle, 369 plum, 406 poplar, 408, 409 oak, ibid. pynote, 400; gwyce (furze) 421; sallow, 441 ; savine, ibid.; sycomore, 455; sloe, 459; thewhite thorn, 525,526; willow, 528; wych thorne, 490; yew, 507; warden (pear), 516 elm, 526. * See also alb, 17; bishop's shoe, 447; censer, 452; holy water sprinkler or strenkyl, rochet, 435; rood, cross or rood loft, 435; sacring 223, 479; mitre, 341 ; paten, 385 scapulary, 442 ; strenkyl, 479 sudary, 4G2 thurible, 497. See Service Books, bell, 440 &c., under Books, supra. Rumneye, 439 ; fyre winc, 194 wines (various), 529. See also Fine wine, 161, 529
*
; ;

84

*>

''

CAMD. SOC.

4o

ADDITIONAL XOTES AND CORRECTIOXS.

The word is written in the Harl. MS, must be regarded as an error of the transcript. In the Winch. MS. it is written " a-cethe." Compare Fulfyllyh, or make a-cethe in thynge >at wantythe, p. 182 and Make a-cethe, p. 321. Page 7, a, line 23, after Affynyte the word A-foyste, lirida, occurs here, as stated in the note it was thought to be possibly misplaced. Compare Fyyst, lirida, p. 163, a. In the Winchester MS. however, but not in the other MSS., is, found, after AflFynyte. Affyste, lirida, vesiculacio, secundum adamantem.
5, b. line 26, for

Page

A-cethen, read A-cethe.

a-cethe, but the final contraction

Page
Page

7, b. line 19, for 8,

usqui read usque,

note 4, in the quotation frora the metrical paraphrase of Vegecius, Cott. MS. Titus A. XXIII. the word "remue" should apparently be read " reum^ :" in the original,

" rheuma."
of the see."

Compare the curious version

is

A. XII. where the word

thus rendered
42.

attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18. " This ebbing and flowing that is callede
f.

rewme

B.

iv. c.

See also Lansd. MS. 285,

136, b.

In the French

version attributed by Caxton to Christine de Pise the

word

is

translated

" rheume."

Akyr, Eagre, Higre, or Agar,

is

name

to be traced probably to that of the great

Ocean-godof the Northern Mythology, Oegir or ^gir; the drowned were the prey of " He Ran, his consort. In Lyly's Galathea is the foUowing allusion to the Akyr
:

[Neptune] sendeth a monster called the Agar, against whose eoming the waters roare,
flie away, and the eattle of the field, for Magnussen derives .^Egir from the verb aegia, to flow. Page 11, b. line 2, dele k.

the fowies

terror,

shun the banks."

Finn

Page

15, note 3.

It

should be observed that the printed volume citedin this note, and

elsewhere, as Mr. Wilbraham's Latin-English Dictionary, has been ascertained to be

Pynson's edition of the Ortus, described in the Preface,

the rendering of Ciniflo, in

p. Ivii.

The

variations in

MSS.

of the Medulla Grammatice, are given in the Pre-

face, p. xxii. See also the note, ibid. In a Nominale xv. cent. in the possession of Mr. Joseph Mayer, F.S.A., and edited by Mr. Thomas Wright, in his Volume of

Vocabularies, cap. 4, p. 212, " Nomina dignitatum laicorum," occurs, amongst servants, " Hic ciraiflo (sic) a nask-kyste," namely, as Mr. Wright explains it, "the
askfyse, the servant

who made and blew the fire." Hexham gives, in his " Netherdutch" and English Dictionary, 1648, " Assche-vijster, one that sits ahvayes on the hearth, hanging his head over the ashes."
4, aftcr ryndell insert

Page 29, note

Ortus.

ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORRECTIONS.

Page37,
Page 41
a. line

hQ\

24, for

nemor read

nenior.

Compare

Lullyfi, p. 317.

line 26, for sepicio read sopicio.

,

a. line 10.

In Wineh.

wonde

are doubtless for

onde.

MS. Blowyn as man with wonde. Both honde and Compare Oonde, or brethe, p, 364. This ve

does not occur in MS. K.

Page 46, a. line 13. Compare Budde, fly, p. 54, and Maltebowde or wevyl, p. 323. Warbote, p. .516, may be another compound of the word boud, bode, &c. See Mr. Adams' remarks on names of certain insects, Trans. Philol. Soc 1858, p. 102.
Page 61,
b. line 7.

At the end of a MS. of the Medulla Grammatice

p.
1.)

in the editor's

possession, (described Pref. App.

is

twice

written " Dedule,

dedule, care

awey, care awey."

Page 65,

b. line 11 b.

Celf wylly, Winch.

for pentys read

MS.
serpentys.

Page 66,

line

19,

This correction

is

supplied by

the reading of

MS.

S.

which was not known to the Editor when

this page

was printed.

The sense being thus ascertained, it is obvious that the curious passage cited in the note is whoUy foreign to the purpose. Page 69, b. line 11, for Charyawnt the Winchester MS. gives Chargabyl. tetyn Page 73, a. line 8; the reading of the MS. seems questionable. Compare Fretyfi or chervyu.p. 179. The Winchester MS. however, agrees with the Harl. MS.

Page85,

and gives Cherwyn', or tetyn'. Cocurmete, MS. S. Compare Cookerynge mete, Carificio, p. 86, a. line 6. occurring amongst the nouns. Mr. Halliwell gives" Cokyrmete, clay, Pr. Parv. cor;

responding to the Spanish tupia."

cevale's Span. Dict.

Archaic Dict.

" Tdpia, a
the

mud

wall."

Per-

Page 89, note 2, See Forby, rated by the screen." Page 93,
b. line 17,

v.

" Malt-cumbs," malt-dust

S.

little

sprouts,

sepa-

Corphynn,

Jamieson

cites

Aberdeen Reg. 1543, " ane thousand

In the

corf keyling,'" corft fish being as he says boiied in salt and water.

Housepos-

hold Book of James V. King of Scots,

&c.

529, occur " mulones corf

mulones recentes,"
a Corf
;

On

the Eastern coast a floating basket for keeping

fish, is called

sibly "

Corphun" may denote herrings

a. line 13.

either salted in a corf, or packed for convey-

ance in a basket so called.

Page 96,
p.

491.

In Winch. MS. Cowerde, herteles, longe thoke. Compare Thoke, Ray, Sir T. Browne, and Forby give " Thokish, slothful, sluggish." In Lin-

colnshire

"Thoky."
5.

Page 97, transpose notes 4 and

Page 109,
Page 116,
a.

line 17, for

zeue read jeue.

read Aristoteles,

b. line 9, for Aristotelis

a. line 11, after

Page 117,
p.

androchiatorium insert k.

Compare Vacherye,

or dayrye,

507.
b. line 2; the reading of the

Page 122,
less to

MS.

is

" arbitrer," but the

word ought doubt-

have been written arbiter, according to the Catholicon.

562
Page 122,
b. line 17.

AUDITIONAL NOTES AXD COKRECTIoNS.

Holomochus, the reading of the Harl. MS.,
c. is

doubtless corrupt,

as has been noticed in the Preface, p. xxxiv. note

Aristotle repeatedly uses the

word

B<iXox;) a

low

jester.

Thus likewise
i.

find in

the Ortus

"Bomolochus,
is

j.

seurra (a brawler); Eomolochia,

scurrilitas."

Page 125, note

3.

The conjecture

that the reading of the Harl.

MS. (DoroiV)

corrupt,

and suggesting " dogon" as a correction, has been confirmed by collation of MS. A, with which the editor had not been acquainted. The reading there found is " Doion',

Dogena;" of

this Latin

word the

signification

has been sought in vain.

N.,

Dugon

seem to have been terms of contempt. See Wrigbfs Dict. of Obsolete and Provincial Words. " Dungy, cowardly," Wilts. M. de Haan Hettema, in his list of Archaic words compared F. dogeniet, D. with Frisian and Dutch, gives " Dogone, a term of contempt.
(Jamieson), dudgeon, dungeon
(N. country), dogone, A.

deugniet,

nequam."

Trans. Philol. Soc. 1858, p. 153.

" though
I

am

plain
sell

and dudgeon,
parcels."

would not be an

ass

and to

Beaum. and Fletcher

Captain.

" Think"st thou

my

spirit sliall

keep the pack-horse way,

That every dudgeon low invention goes ?"

Nares
cites

Drayton.

mottled or
It

many authorities, from which hard wood for hafting daggers,

it

to

would seem that " Dudgeon " was a which allusion is made by Shakespeare.

was likewise used for drinking bowls, or masers. Compare Ronnyn as dojoun or masere, p. 436 b. supra. Amongst gifts to St. Alban's Abbey we find " ciphum de dugun ornatum argento cum cooperculo de eodem ligno." Cott. MS. Nero D. vii.
f.

103.
b. line 20, fulle

Page 12G,
It

wroste

and page 129,

b. lines

6,

8,

Dowsty, and Dostyr.

has been suggested that in these words the s should have been printed f. Probably the author wrote " wrout, dowty, dowtyr;" a copyer may have supplied the
guttural by an
is
f,

which was possibly mistaken

for

an

s.

It

deserves notice that gh

f,

not unfrequently, especially in the Eastern counties, pronounced like

as in cough,

laugh, trough, &c. and thus also in the

name Rougham

in SufiFolk.
f.

Page 140,
is

a. line

Endemete,
in

i. e.

duckweed. See Arund. MS. 42,

80

v".

" Folium

an erbe that groweth

95
v.

Ynde and hath

leuys that spredyn a-bouyn on the water

in that londe, ryjt as lenticula,

herbarum,

ib.

f.

endemete, doth among vs." Compare Alphabetum " Lentica aquatica, lentil de ewe, enedemete." In Sloane

MS.

5,

" Henede mete."

2.

Page 143, note

In

MS.

S.

" Ese,
i.

fj-schys

mete

for a

hooke."

Compare Medulla

Gramm. MS. Cant.

" Inesco,

pascere vel per escam decipere, to bayte or ease."

Page 145, b. line 3. Faceet is the title of a popular moral work in Leonine verse supplementary to Cato, or the Liber Cathonis. See p. 63. Fabricius states that Warton affirms tliat it was written it is cited by Ugutio, who wrote about 1190.
by Daniel Ecclesienis, or Church, an
It

officer at the

court of Henry
;

II.

about 1180.
201.

was

called "

Cato parvus

'"

or " minor," and Urbanus

it

was translated into English

vol.
i.

by Benet Burghe, and also possibly by Lydgate.

Dibdin, Typ. Ant.

p.

ADDITIONAI- NOTE3 AND COIIUECTIONS.

It

503

in

was printed frequently, among the Auctores octo Morales, and separately at Lyons, 1488 and 1490 Deventer, 1496 Cologne, &c. Dom Rivet attributcs it to John de
; ;

Garlandia, but erroneously.

MSS.
;

merous
Page 310,

see Harl.
;

MS. 2251

of the Poema Faceti or 1'arvus Cato are nuNo. 1627 amongst Sir Kenelm Digby's MSS. in the
;

Bodleian

CoU. Dub. 275, &c. Mr. Wright, in a memoir on the History of the English Language read at a meeting of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire (see their Transactions, vol. ix. p. 155),
Coll. Cantabr. 10.51
p.

MS. Caius
;

MS.

Trin.

b. line 7

compare Lokdore,

311, and Lukchester, p. 316.

observes that in the vernacular of Oxfordshire a woodlouse

or lockchest.

is

called a lockchester,

Page 341,

a. line 1, for

mancus, read mantns, thus explained

in the Catholicon

" man-

tus, quia

manus
1.

tegat tantum, est enim brevisamictus," &c.

Page 440, note

In a ISominale,

MS. xv.

cent., in possession of

Mr. Joseph Mayer,

printed in the volume of Vocabularies edited by Mr. T. Wright, I find, under the head " De speciebus liguminis, Hoc poniarium, appul-juse hoc jurcellum, jur-

sylle;

hoc sarabracium, sarabrase," &c.

p.

241.

It

has been suggested that the

term sabrace may have some connection with " Sabrierium, condimentum acuti saporis," in French saupiquet. Ducange.

Page 489, note

roast

2, at

the feast on the marriage of Margaret sister of Edward IV. 1468, a

table,

swan was brought to

vi.,

" standing

in

a tarrage."
edit.

Exc. Hist. p 237.

t.

" Terrage, terrasse;'^ Gloss. GalL in

Du

Cange,

Henschel,

vii.

See also

" Terragium,"
vert."

t.

explained as signifying a terrace or raised ground; thus also

certain vessels of plate are described " k

deux terrages d'argent ez pattes esmaillez de

Page 474, note

4,

add "

sterne slyrne, Assuh," Cath. Angl.

WliSTMINSTER
rlll.NTED BY J. B.
'2b,

NICHOLS A M)

SOiNS,

PARLIAME.NT STREET.

TO THE BINDER.

This work, issued in three parts,

or in two

may
to

be bound either in one volume,

(A

to L, inclusive,

and

]\I

Z), as

may

be preferred.

Titles

are provided accordingly.

The introductory matter given

appended to
Part
I.
it,

in

Part

III.,

with the Index of Authors

should be placed

after the " Advertisement," given in

Page 439,
" Corrections."

in

Part

II.

to

be

cancelled,

and also the page of

The Facsimiles should be placed

in the Preface, as follows

The
p.

leaf lieaded

" British

Museum,

Harl.

MS.

221," to face

xxxvi.

The

leaf containing a facsimile

from " MS. at King's College,

Cambridge," with another, from

"

MS.

in

the

Collection

of

Sir

Thomas PhilHpps,
The
p. xl.

Bart." to face

p. xxxviii.

leaf

headed " British Museum, Addit. MS. 22, 55G,

to face

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE

CARDS OR

SLIPS

FROM THIS POCKET

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY