Cape Wind 462 MW Generation

FINAL DRAFT
Cape Wind 462 MW Generation
Stability and Short Circuit System Impact Study
July 15, 2005
Prepared by:
Souren Tourian
NSTAR System Planning
Executive Summary
This study was performed in order to evaluate the stability and short circuit performance and impact of
the proposed 462 MW Cape Wind generation facility.
The proposed Wind Park will consist of an array of 130 wind turbine generators (WTG) located on
Horseshoe Shoal in Nantucket Sound. The northernmost WTGs will be approximately 4.7 miles from the
nearest point of land on the mainland. The nameplate rating of each individual wind turbine is 3.7 MW
gross output with 0.9 power factor lagging or leading, measured at the 4 kV terminals of the wind turbine
generators. The 4 kV output of each WTG will be stepped up to a nominal 33 kV by means of a
transformer located at the nacelle of each WTG. The manufacturer guaranteed maximum net output of
each WTG at the 33 kV terminals is 3.6 MW. The wind-generated electricity from each of the turbines
will be transmitted via 14 - 33 kV submarine cable system to an Electrical Service Platform (ESP)
centrally located within the WTG array in Nantucket Sound. Two 18.1 mile long 115 kV circuits will
transmit the wind generated power from the ESP to the NSTAR 115 kV Barnstable Substation. Of the
18.1 mile cable 12.2 miles will be submarine cable and 5.9 miles of underground cable.
The turbine technology chosen for the WTG is the GE Wind Energy 3.6 MW off-shore wind turbine.
This wind turbine consists of a doubly-fed wound rotor induction generator coupled to the low-speed
turbine hub through a gearbox. The stator terminals of the machine are directly connected to the grid.
The rotor circuits, exposed via slip rings, are excited by the three-phase output of a four-quadrant power
converter. This design allows the wind farm to provide some degree of voltage regulation. The expected
in service date of this project is fall of 2006.
For the existing pre - Cape Wind system, installation of a Type III SPS is recommended at the Canal 345
kV Substation. This Type III SPS will trip the Canal # 2 generator following the loss of the 342/322 DCT
lines when both Canal # 1 and Canal # 2 units are in-service.
The results of the stability and short circuit analysis indicate that the following upgrades are required for
the Cape Wind project:
Breaker Upgrades
1. Install a redundant circuit breaker in series with the Canal #312 circuit breaker.
2. Replace the Canal #512 circuit breaker with IPT capability.
4. Replacing the Auburn #2130 circuit breaker with IPT capability.
5. Replace the Bourne #12272 circuit breaker with IPT capability.
Protection System Upgrades
6. Modify the proposed Canal SPS to also trip the Cape Wind generation following the
occurrence of the #342/#322 DCT contingency. The modified SPS will be reclassified as a
Type I SPS.
1
7. Modify the planned SPS at the Barnstable 115 kV Substation to ramp down the Cape Wind
generation for the simultaneous loss of the 122/120 DCT lines and overload of the #115 line in
the Barnstable to Falmouth direction.
8. Install a redundant high-speed protection system on the Falmouth to Barnstable #115 line.
9. Reduce the backup clearing time for the Canal #412 circuit breaker to 10 cycles.
Other Upgrades
10. Install differential insulation and additional grounding at each tower for the #342 and #322
DCT Cape Cod canal crossing.
11. Install 12% impedance 115/33 kV transformers at the Electric Service Platform instead of the
originally proposed 9% transformers.
With the implementation of the above described upgrades the Cape Wind generation project will have no
adverse impact on the NEPOOL transmission system.
For the existing, pre Cape Wind system, a Type III SPS at the Canal 345 kV Substation needs to be
installed that will trip the Canal #2 generator, when both Canal #1 and Canal #2 units are in-service, for
the loss of the #342 and #322 DCT lines.
It is also recommended that for the existing, pre Cape Wind system, a power system stabilizer be installed
on the Canal #1 and Canal #2 generators to avoid undamped oscillations of the Canal #1 or Canal #2
generators for faults that involve the loss of the #342 line.
Presently, a transient harmonic and switching study is being conducted by ENERNEX Co. to identify any
possible harmonic resonance issues and to identify requirements for equipment insulation levels.
Acknowledgments
The following members of the Power Technologies International group of Siemens Company contributed
significantly to the successful completion of this study:
Mr. Lengcheng Huang

Mr. Baldwin Lam
Dr. Yuriy Kazachov
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Table of Contents
Page
Executive Summary 1
List of Figures and Tables 5
1.0 Introduction 6
2.0 Project Description 6

2.1 Equipment Data 7
2.2 Station Service Load 7
2.3 Wind Turbine Generator Data 7
3.0 Study Methodology 13

3.1 Loadflow and Stability Base Case Model 13
3.2 Load Level 13
3.3 Generation Dispatch 14
3.4 Contingencies 14
3.5 Criteria 16
3.6 Low Voltage Ride-Through Capability 16
3.7 Over and Under-Frequency Protection 16
3.8 Steady State Equivalent Model 16
3.9 Dynamic Model 16
4.0 Study Results 17

4.1 Peak Load Results 17
4.2 Light Load S1D1 Results 20
4.5 342/322 and 122/120 DCTs 30
4.6 Re-runs of ECs as NCs 32
4.7 Sensitivity to Partial Loading of the Wind Farm 32
4.8 Sensitivity to the 2nd New Brunswick Tie 34
4.9 Bulk Power Substation Testing 36
4.10 N-2 Analysis 38
4.11 Short Circuit Results 38
4.12 Discussion of Results 41
5.0 Conclusions 42
Appendix A Load Flow Base Case Summaries and Plots

Appendix B Contingencies
Appendix C Equivalent Shunts
Appendix D Fault Ride-Through Capability
Appendix E Generator Data
Appendix F Cape Wind Dynamic Modeling
Appendix G S1D1 Full Plots and Voltage Plots
Appendix H S2D1 Full Plots and Voltage Plots
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Table of Contents (continued)
Appendix I S3D1 Full Plots and Voltage Plots

Appendix J P1D1 Full Plots and Voltage Plots
Appendix K S2D1 Pre-project Full Plots and Voltage Plots
Appendix L S3D1 Pre-project Full Plots and Voltage Plots
Appendix M Re-simulations of Problem Contingencies and Partial Loading Cases
Appendix N Special Protection Scheme Plots
Appendix O Extreme Contingencies Rerun as Normal Contingencies
Appendix P NRI Sensitivity Plots
Appendix Q Bulk Power Substation Testing Plots
Appendix R N-2 Testing Plots
Appendix S Steady State Equivalent Model
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List of Figures and Tables
Page
Figure 1 Interconnection of Cape Wind Generation 8
Figure 2 Cape Area Transmission System 10
Figure 3 Cape Wind 115 kV and 33 kV System One Line 11
Figure 4 Wind Turbine Generator One Line 12
Figure 5 Wind Turbine Generator Data Appendix E
Figure 6 Cape Area Breaker Diagram 9
Table 1 NEPOOL Generation Dispatch 15
Table 2 Contingencies Appendix B
Table 4 Stability Results for Peak Load Case P1D1 18-19
Table 5 Stability Results for Light Load Case S1D1 21-22
Table 8 Equivalent Shunts Appendix C
Table 9 Extreme Contingencies with GCX Entry 32
Table 10 N-2 Results for Light Load Case S2D1 39
Table 11 Short Circuit Results 40
Table 12 Results with the 2nd NB Tie In-service 35-36
Table 13 Bulk Power Substation Results 37
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1.0 Introduction
Cape Wind Associates is proposing to install a 462 MW wind power generating facility on the Nantucket
Sound approximately 6 miles from the Cape Cod shore. The output of the plant will be connected to
NSTAR’s Barnstable 115 kV Substation which is located in Cape Cod Barnstable county. The maximum
gross output capacity of the proposed plant at the terminals of the wind turbine generators (WTG) is 481
MW. However, due to cable and transformer losses and station service load, the power delivery at the
interconnection point to the NEPOOL transmission system at the Barnstable 115 kV Substation will be a
maximum of 462 MW. The expected in service date for the project is fall of 2006. Figure 1 shows the
post-project breaker diagram of the Barnstable 115 kV and offshore platform substations. Figure 2 is a one-
line diagram of the Cape area transmission system. Figure 6, on page 9, is a detailed breaker diagram of the
Cape area system.
2.0 Project Description

The turbine technology for this project is the GE Wind Energy 3.6 MW off-shore wind turbine. This
wind turbine consists of a doubly-fed wound rotor induction generator which is coupled to the low-speed
turbine through a gearbox. The rotor circuit, exposed via slip rings, is excited by the three-phase output
of a four-quadrant power converter. The 4.16 kV stator terminals of the machine are stepped up to 33 kV,
within each wind turbine generator, which is then connected to the 33 kV submarine loop. All the 33 kV
loops are connected, via 33 kV submarine cable, to the 33 kV switchgear on the Electric Service Platform.
Figure 3 shows a one-line description of the Cape Wind 33 and 115 kV systems. Figure 4 shows a detail
of the individual wind turbine generator electrical one-line.
The converter control algorithms are capable of rapidly adjusting the electromagnetic torque of the
machine and the stator reactive power. With the use of the power converter, the machine has the
capability, over the output range from 200 kW to 3.6 MW, of adjusting the machine power factor from 0.9
lagging to 0.9 leading at rated output at the 34 kV level. Below 200 kW the reactive capability of each
wind turbine is limited. Wind farms equipped with this turbine technology have the capability (called
WindVAR) of controlling the voltage at a remote substation. From a central command location, a power
factor setting is sent to each turbine to adjust the turbines power factor. The wind farm can be operated in
either of two reactive control modes. It can either operate at a set constant power factor or it can operate
to maintain a scheduled voltage at a given substation. Based on a previously conducted thermal and
voltage system impact study Cape Wind 462 MW Generation - Thermal and Voltage System Impact
Study, dated July 6, 2004, the proposed wind farm will operate to control the 115 kV voltage at the
Electric Service Platform.
Horseshoe Shoal in Nantucket Sound. The WTGs will be arranged to maximize the Wind Park’s energy
generating capacity in order to achieve an electric output of approximately 462 MW delivered at the
Barnstable 115 kV Substation. The nameplate rating if each individual wind turbine is 3.7 MW with 0.9
power factor lagging or leading, measured at the 4 kV terminals of the wind turbine generators. The
output of each WTG will be stepped up to a nominal 33 kV by means of a transformer located at the
nacelle of each WTG. The manufacturer guaranteed maximum net output of each WTG at the 33 kV
terminals is 3.6 MW, which totals to 468 MW for all 130 WTGs. The wind-generated electricity from
each of the turbines will be transmitted via a 33 kV submarine cable system to an Electrical Service
Platform (ESP) centrally located within the WTG array. Each 33 kV cable will have approximately 7 to
10 WTGs connected to it. A total of 14 – 33 kV cables will connect the output of the WTGs to the
Electrical Service Platform.
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The WTGs will be arranged in specific parallel rows with appropriate spacing to obtain an optimal
energy-generating arrangement. The northernmost WTGs will be approximately 4.7 miles from the
nearest point of land on the mainland, the southeastern portion of the Wind Park will be approximately 11
miles from Nantucket Island, and the westernmost WTGs will be approximately 5.5 miles from the Island
of Martha’s Vineyard. The spacing between the WTGs within the array is 0.34 mile by 0.56 mile. The
entire wind farm will encompass an approximate area of 25 sq. miles.
The Electrical Service Platform will be a two story facility with a foot print of approximately 100 feet by
150 feet. The lower level will contain the 33 kV switchgear and the upper level will have the 115 kV
Substation and 115kV/33 kV transformers. Two 115 kV submarine circuits will bring the power output
to the Cape shore and from there the cables will continue underground to the NSTAR Barnstable 115 kV
Substation. The Barnstable 115 kV Substation will be extended by a fifth 115 kV bay with two 115 kV
circuit breakers. A third circuit breaker will also be installed in the fourth bay. The two 115 kV circuits
will each be about 18.1 miles of which 12.2 miles will be submarine cable and 5.9 miles of underground
cable.
2.1 Equipment Data
The four 115/33 kV transformers, located at the ESP, are each rated 96/128/160 MVA (OA/FA/FOA).
The normal/LTE/STE ratings of each transformer are 160/160/160 MVA. The transformer impedance on
96 MVA base is nominally 9%. The tap range of the 115/33 kV transformers is 95% to 105% by means
of four 2.5% high voltage no load taps.
The two submarine circuits will be of solid dielectric construction. Each circuit will consist of two (2)
three-conductor cables with all three phases plus a fiber optic cable under a common jacket. There will be
approximately 20 feet of horizontal separation between circuits. The three-conductor cables of each
circuit shall be bundled together in a common trench. Each cable will consist of three 800 mm2
(approximately 1,600 kcmil) copper conductors, XLPE insulated to 123 kV and lead/PE sheathed, plus an
interstitial fiber optic cable. The entire assembly will be cabled round and protected by a single layer of
galvanized steel wire armor and an outer polypropylene strings.
On land the cable construction will be single-conductor solid dielectric cable in an underground duct bank
of PVC or fiberglass conduits. Each of the twelve cables (2 circuits x 2 cables per phase x 3 phases) will
be run in its own conduit. The duct bank will include two spare conduits and two conduits each with fiber
optic cable. Each cable will consist of one 800 mm2 (approximately 1,600 kcmil) copper conductor,
XLPE insulated to 123 kV, copper wire metallic shielding, aluminum/polymer laminate moisture barrier
and an outer polyethylene sheath. The metallic shields of the cables will be cross-bonded to minimize the
cable losses and to limit induced voltages in the shields.
The normal/LTE/STE rating of each bifurcated circuit is 231/329/817 MVA. The charging of each
bifurcated circuit is 58.7 MVARs.
2.2 Station Service Load
Each WTG is rated at 4.111 MVA and 3.7 MW gross output. The station service load at each WTG is
about 30 kwatts. The station service load at the ESP Substation is expected to be about 200 to 400 kwatts.
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FIGURE 1 – Interconnection of Cape Wind Generation
Canal
Barnstable 115 kV
Bourne 118
122 182 282 382
Harwich Tap
120
482 582 682
30 MVAR 119
782 882 982
Bourne 124 123
115 1 2 3
4 5
Hyannis
2nd Nantucket Supply
to Merchant’s Way
Substation
Cape Cod shore line
1 2 3
115 kV Off-Shore Platform

4 5 6
Substation
160 MVA (each)

7 8 9
existing 33 kV
proposed
10 11 12 13
normally closed
normally open
35 MVAR shunt
reactor
Wind Turbines
8
Table 6 – Cape Area Breaker Diagram
9
FIGURE 2 – Cape Area Transmission System Existing 345
Existing 115
Canal 1 Proposed Interconnection
Pilgrim
2
1 120
Barnstable
342
126 Wellfleet
Auburn
Carver
322 Orleans
121 118
Cape
Cod
Canal Harwich Tap 125
Bourne
Tremont 119
113 122
Falmouth
108 107
Cape Wind
124 123
offshore
10
FIGURE 3 – Cape Wind 115 kV and 33 kV System One Line
11
FIGURE 4 – Wind Turbine Generator One-Line
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3.0 Study Methodology
This analysis, performed under the NEPOOL Minimum Interconnection Standard, evaluated the
impact of the proposed project on the stability and short circuit performance of the NEPOOL
transmission system. The Power Technologies Inc. software simulation program PSS/E version 28
was used in this study.
For various generation dispatches normal and extreme criteria contingencies were simulated for a
NEPOOL 45% load level for post-project system conditions. For contingencies where unacceptable
system response was observed the pre-project system condition was also simulated in order to
determine if the unacceptable system response is due to the proposed project. Limited peak load
testing was also performed.
The study was performed with the wind farm dispatched at its full output. Some limited sensitivity
testing was performed with the wind farm dispatched at lower output levels.
3.1 Load Flow and Stability Base Case Model
The stability model and load flow base cases are based on the 2002/03 SEMARI Export and Short-
Term Upgrade study. These cases, in turn, are based on the 2000 NEPOOL library cases. The
NEPOOL bulk power system model was updated with the following projects:
1) 2nd Nantucket Interconnection

2) 345 kV NSTAR Southern Reinforcement
3) Canal 2 AVR replacement
4) Tiverton excitation model update
5) Vermont Yankee uprate to 667 MW
6) Seabrook uprate to 1318 MW
7) Pilgrim 35 MW uprate
8) Millstone #3 uprate to 1260 MW
9) Central MA upgrades
10) Four 345/115 auto-transformers at Ward Hill
11) Northwest Vermont and Northern Loop projects
12) Glenbrook and Granite 115 kV STATCOMs
The analysis in this study was conducted without modeling the 2nd New Brunswick Tie project.
Very limited sensitivity analysis was performed for post 2nd New Brunswick Tie system conditions.
3.2 Load Level
For light load 45% load level conditions the load level was 12,007 MW. This is based on the 2004
50%-probability peak load forecast for year 2006 (26,682 MW). The peak load case represents a
28,485 MW NEPOOL load level. This is the 10%-probability load forecast for year 2007 as given
in the 2004 CELT report. The corresponding light and peak load levels for the Cape Cod area are
183 MW and 544 MW, respectively.
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3.3 Generation Dispatch
The NEPOOL system was biased such that, as much as possible, the various interfaces are stressed
at their stability limits.
The various generation dispatches evaluated in the study are given in Table 1, on page 14. The
S1D1 and S2D1 base cases are very similar. In the S2D1 dispatch both Canal generating units are
in-service whereas in the S1D1 dispatch both Canal units are out-of-service. The generation with in
the Southeastern Massachusetts (SEMA) interface was maximized by placing all available
generating units within SEMA in-service. The S1D1 and S2D1 dispatches were selected in order to
insure that there is sufficient flexibility in dispatching the 462 MW of Cape Wind generation.
An alternate dispatch S3D1 was created with both Canal units are in-service, however the rest of the
generation within Southeastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island (SEMA/RI) is reduced in order to
maximize the northern interfaces and Boston generation. The S4D1 dispatch is a light load case
with the 2nd New England to New Brunswick transmission in-service. This case high northern
transfers coincident with high SEMA exports.
The P1D1 dispatch represents peak load conditions with both Canal units out-of-service in order to
stress the voltages in the Cape area.
There are no generation projects in the NEPOOL queue that are in the vicinity of Cape Wind that
would either have an impact on Cape Wind project or be impacted by Cape Wind. The Pilgrim 35
MW uprate project is the electrically closest project that is already in service and was modeled in
the study.
The Canal 1 and Canal 2 units will be modeled at their maximum gross output of 587 MW and 580
MW, respectively. The station service load for Canal 1 will be modeled at 21 MW and 13 MVAR
and the station service load for Canal 2 will be modeled at 18 MW and 11.1 MVAR. The Pilgrim
generator will be modeled at its post-uprate maximum winter gross output of 734 MW with its
station service load modeled at 25.5 MW and 14.5 MVAR. Load flow case summaries and plots
are given in Appendix A.
3.4 Contingencies
Table 2, in Appendix B, lists the contingencies that were evaluated in this study. These
contingencies are based on NEPOOL Reliability Standards and were selected as the most critical in
the area of study. The following normal and extreme criteria contingencies were tested:
- 3 phase normally cleared faults (primary protection system out of service) normal contingency
- 2 phase to ground fault on a double circuit tower (primary protection out) normal contingency
- 1 phase stuck breaker faults (with primary protection system out of service) normal contingency
- 3 phase stuck breaker faults (with all protection systems in-service) extreme contingency
EC contingencies which resulted in unit instability or GCX entry were re-simulated as an NC

contingency (single phase stuck breaker). Table 8, in Appendix C, lists the equivalent shunts used
to simulate single line-to-ground and double circuit tower faults. For contingencies that had GCX
entry 554 MW of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia generation (Coleson Cove 1, Lingan 1, BCH #3
and MACT #1) was rejected within 6 cycles of GCX entry.
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TABLE 1 - NEPOOL Generation Dispatch
Interface S1D1 S2D1 S3D1 S4D1 P1D1 Interface S1D1 S2D1 S3D1 S4D1 P1D1
Flows 45% 45% 45% 45% PEAK Flows 45% 45% 45% 45% PEAK
SEMA export: 1560 2670 1020 2670 150 SEMA export: 1560 2670 1020 2670 150
SEMA/RI export 3110 3050 - 30 2200 1780 SEMA/RI export 3110 3050 - 30 2200 1780
E-W: 2420 2370 2430 2350 2690 E-W: 2420 2370 2430 2350 2690
N-S: 1790 1790 3130 3000 3160 N-S: 1790 1790 3130 3000 3160
Conn. Import: 630 620 620 620 2650 Conn. Import: 630 620 620 620 2650
Boston Import: 1320 1320 - 490 1630 2700 Boston Import: 1320 1320 - 490 1630 2700
NNE-Scob.+394 1440 1440 2670 2310 3140 NNE-Scob.+394 1440 1440 2670 2310 3140
Orrington South 427 427 1195 1196 963 Orrington South 427 427 1195 1196 963
Surowiec South 172 172 1076 963 733 Surowiec South 172 172 1076 963 733
ME-NH: 60 60 1450 1400 1530 ME-NH: 60 60 1450 1400 1530
NB-NE: 700 700 700 1000 700 NB-NE: 700 700 700 1000 700
NY-NE: -10 50 -10 60 -130 NY-NE: -10 50 -10 60 -130
Highgate: 150 150 150 150 225 Highgate: 150 150 150 150 225
Phase II: 0 0 0 0 2000 Phase II: 0 0 0 0 2000
Generaton Generaton
RPA ---- ---- 179 ---- 272 Millstone 3 1260 1260 1260 1260 1260
AEC ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- NH Harbor 447 447 447 447 447
MIS ---- ---- 549 370 523 Devon 7 107 107 107 107 107
Bucksport ---- ---- 174 ---- 174 Devon 8 ----- ----- ----- ---- 106
Wyman #4 ---- ---- ---- ---- 636 Montville 6 ----- ----- ----- ---- 400
Westbrook ---- ---- 564 566 531 Middletown 2 ----- ----- ----- ---- 117
Vt. Yankee 667 667 667 667 667 Middletown 3 ----- ----- ----- ---- 233
Seabrook 1318 1318 1318 1318 1318 Brdg. Prt. Hr. 3 ----- ----- ----- ---- 375
Newington ---- ---- ---- ---- 561 BE ----- ----- ----- ---- 520
Newington 1 422 422 422 ---- 405 Meriden ----- ----- ----- ---- 344
Merrimack 1 ---- ---- ---- ---- 113 Norwalk Har. 1 ----- ----- ----- ---- 162
Merrimack 2 ---- ---- ---- 320 320 Norwalk Har. 2 168 168 168 168 168
Mystic 7 ---- ---- 565 565 565 Bear Swamp - 560 - 560 - 560 -560 280
Mystic 8 866 866 866 ---- 866 Northfield -1000 -1000 -1000 -1000 500
Mystic 9 ---- ---- 866 ---- 866 Brayton Pt. #3 622 622 ----- ---- 622
Kendal ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- Brayton Pt. #4 ----- ----- ----- ---- -----
Salem 1 ---- ---- ---- ---- 81 Brayton Pt. #1 ----- ----- ----- ---- 255
Salem 2 ---- ---- ---- ---- 78 Brayton Pt. #2 ----- ----- ----- ---- 253
Salem 3 ---- ---- ---- ---- 143 Ocean State 523 523 ----- 308 523
Salem 4 ---- ---- 400 ---- 400 NEA 301 301 ----- ---- 301
Cape Wind 462 462 462 462 462 ANP Blackstone 580 ----- ----- ---- 580
Pilgrim 734 734 734 734 734 ANP Bellingham 580 ----- ----- 290 580
Canal #1 ---- 587 587 587 ---- Millenium ----- ----- ----- ---- 390
Canal #2 ---- 580 580 580 ---- Hope ----- ----- ----- ---- 545
SEMASS 70 70 70 70 70 Berkshire ----- ----- ----- ---- 280
Dighton 185 185 ---- 185 ---- Manch./ Fr. Sq. ----- ----- ----- ---- 165
Tiverton 281 281 ---- 281 281
Fore River 866 866 ---- 866 866
Potter 89 89 ---- 89 89
Taunton 140 140 ---- 140 140
Somerset #6 105 105 ---- 105 105
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3.5 Criteria
For normal criteria contingencies generation instability greater than 1200 MW or GCX entry is
considered unacceptable system response. For extreme criteria contingencies GCX entry or New
England – New Brunswick tie trip is considered acceptable response. However loss of source
greater than 1400 MW is considered unacceptable unless it can be demonstrated that the likelihood
of greater than 1400 MW loss of source is very low. Loss of source greater than 2200 MW is not
acceptable under any condition.
3.6 Low Voltage Ride Through Capability
The over-voltage and under-voltage protection limits for the proposed wind turbines was provided
by General Electric and is given in Appendix D. The voltage settings apply at the 33 kV terminals
of the wind turbine. The wind turbines have a low voltage ride-through capability down to 0.15 p.u.
If the 33 kV voltage drops below 0.15 p.u. the wind turbine will trip in 1.2 cycles. The wind
turbines can withstand voltages below 0.70 p.u. and above 0.15 p.u. for 0.5 seconds.
3.7 Over and Under Frequency Protection
The wind turbines can continuously operate between 57.5 HZ and 61.5 HZ. Outside this frequency
band the over and under-frequency protection will trip the Wind Farm based on the following
settings:
Below Below Above Above
Frequency (HZ) 56.5 57.5 61.5 62.5
Pickup Time (seconds) 0.02 10.0 30.0 0.02
3.8 Steady State Equivalent Model
The Electrotek Concepts company developed the equivalent steady state load flow model for the
Cape Wind generation model complex. The development and parameters of the steady state model
is provided in Appendix S. At the end of Appendix S is a PSS/E one-line diagram that shows the
latest steady state model that was used in this study. The diagram also shows the per unit
impedances of the various model components.
3.9 Dynamic Model
The dynamic model for the Cape Wind 3.6 MW generators was developed by PTI based on the
latest General Electric white paper “Modeling of GE Wind Turbine-Generators for Grid Studies”,
Version 3.2, issued April 26, 2004 (The GE white paper is provided as a separate file and PTI’s
documentation is provided in Appendix F). PTI and GE collaborated in developing and verifying
the final PTI model for the 3.6 MW wind turbines proposed for the Cape Wind project. After the
PTI model was developed the EPRI PEAC Corporation verified that the equivalent four generator
model, initially developed by Electrotek Concepts, Inc. for Cape Wind project, was equivalent to
the detailed 130 turbine representation. In order to accomplish this we selected a number of loading
scenarios for the wind farm and simulated various contingencies for each loading case. This was
performed for the full and equivalent representations. The simulation results indicated very good
correlation and are provided in Appendix F
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4.0 Study Results
4.1 Peak Load Results
Falmouth – Barnstable #115 Line
Contingency NC-9 is a three-phase fault at Falmouth on the #115 line. Falmouth breaker #11522
clears in 5 cycles and the Barnstable breakers clear in 38 cycles. During the simulation Cape Wind
did not trip however the 33k V voltage was very close to the undervoltage protection trip setting of
0.70 pu. In order to avoid the potential trip of the Wind Farm it is recommended that the dual high-
speed protection be installed on the Falmouth to Barnstable #115 line. Dual protection systems are
required since for normal criteria faults the faster protection group is modeled out-of-service.
Falmouth – Barnstable #115 Line and 115 kV Cable to Cape Wind
Contingency EC-38 is a three-phase fault at Barnstable on the #115 line and a stuck breaker #2 at
Barnstable. Backup clearing also trip one of the new 115 kV cables to the Wind Farm. During the
fault the voltage at the Wind Farm 33 kV level drops below 0.15 pu and the Wind Farm is tripped
instantaneously by the undervoltage protection. Converting the breaker #2 at Barnstable to IPT
capability will avoid this low voltage condition on the Wind Farm and the subsequent trip. The ISO
may conclude that this upgrade would be at the discretion of developer as it is an extreme
contingency fault that results in a stable system response.
Plots for P1D1 dispatch peak load testing are given in Appendix J.
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TABLE 4 - Stability Results for Peak Load P1D1
3-Ph.
Fault Post project
NC-1 Canal 345 (342 line) System stable
NC-3 Pilgrim 345 (355 line) System stable
NC-4A Bourne 115 (121 line) System stable
NC-7 Bourne 115 (122 line) System stable
NC-8 Barnstable 115 (122 line) System stable
NC-9 Falmouth 115 (115 line) System stable
NC-10 Orleans 115 (118 line) System stable
NC-11 Tremont 115 (113 line) System stable
DCTs
Canal 345 (342 and 322) System stable
NC-14 Canal 115 (121 and 126) System stable
NC-14A Bourne 115 (121 and 126) System stable
NC-16 Barnstable 115 (120 and 122) System stable
NC-17 Bourne 115 (113 and 108) System stable
NC-19 Pilgrim 345 (342 and 355) System stable
1-Ph. Stuck

NC-22 W. Medway 345 (389 and Walth. Auto) System stable
NC-23 Orleans 115 (118 and 122) System stable
NC-23A Orleans 115 (119 and 120) System stable
NC-24A Barnstable 115 (119 and 120) System stable
NC-25 Barnstable 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable
NC-26 Bourne 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable
NC-27 Canal 115 (121, 122, 113) System stable
18
TABLE 4 - Stability Results for Peak Load P1D1
3-Ph. Stuck Post project
EC-28 Canal 345 (342 and 121) System stable
EC-30 Canal 345 (126 and Canal 2) System stable
EC-34 Pilgrim 345 342 line System stable
EC-35 W. Medway 345 (357 and 344) System stable
EC-36 Auburn 345 (335, Auburn auto, 342) System stable
EC-37 Canal 115 (121, 122, 113) System stable
Cape Wind tripped, 33kV voltage is less than 0.15
EC-38 Barnstable 115 (115 and new cable) pu during the fault
EC-39 Bourne 115 (122 and 118) System stable
EC-40 Falmouth 115 (115 and new Cable) System stable
EC-43 Orleans 115 (118 and 122) System stable
EC-43A Orleans 115 (119 and 120) System stable
EC-44 Barnstable 115 (118 and 122) System stable
EC-44A Barnstable 115 (119 and 120) System stable
EC-45 Barnstable 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable
EC-46 Bourne 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable
19
4.2 Light Load S1D1 Results
Contingency NC-9, a three-phase fault at Falmouth on the #115 line, resulted in the trip of the Cape
Wind units #2 and #4. The 33 kV voltage was below 0.7 p.u. for longer than 0.5 seconds and the
low voltage ride-through protection tripped the two units. As discussed in Section 4.1, for the peak
load testing, installing high-speed protection on the Falmouth to Barnstable #115 line will address
this issue.
Contingency EC-38, a three-phase fault at Barnstable on the #115 line and a stuck breaker #2 at
Barnstable, resulted in the trip of the Cape Wind facility due to under-voltage protection when the
33 kV voltage dropped below 0.15 p.u.. As discussed in the peak load testing replacing the
Barnstable breaker #2 with IPT capability will avoid this trip. However, since EC-38 is an extreme
contingency the system response may be acceptable.
Plots for S1D1 dispatch light load testing are given in Appendix G.
20
TABLE 5 - Stability Results for Light Load S1D1
3-Ph. Fault Post project

NC-3 Pilgrim 345 (355 line) System stable
NC-4A Bourne 115 (121 line) System stable
NC-7 Bourne 115 (122 line) System stable
NC-8 Barnstable 115 (122 line) System stable
Cape Wind unit #2 and #4 tripped, 33 kV voltage
NC-9 Falmouth 115 (115 line) less than 0.7 pu during the fault
NC-10 Orleans 115 (118 line) System stable
DCTs
NC-14A Bourne 115 (121 and 126) System stable
NC-17 Bourne 115 (113 and 108) System stable
NC-19 Pilgrim 345 (342 and 355) System stable
1-Ph. Stuck

NC-22 W. Medway 345 (389 and Walth. Auto) System stable
NC-23 Orleans 115 (118 and 122) System stable
NC-23A Orleans 115 (119 and 120) System stable
NC-24A Barnstable 115 (119 and 120) System stable
NC-25 Barnstable 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable
NC-26 Bourne 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable
NC-27 Canal 115 (121, 122, 113) System stable
21
3-Ph. Stuck Post project
EC-34 Pilgrim 345 342 line System stable
EC-35 W. Medway 345 (357 and 344) GCX entry
EC-36 Auburn 345 (335, Auburn auto, 342) System stable
Cape Wind tripped, 33kV voltage is less than 0.15
EC-38 Barnstable 115 (115 and new cable) pu during the fault
EC-39 Bourne 115 (122 and 118) System stable
EC-40 Falmouth 115 (115 and new Cable) System stable
EC-43 Orleans 115 (118 and 122) System stable
EC-43A Orleans 115 (119 and 120) System stable
EC-44 Barnstable 115 (118 and 122) System stable
EC-44A Barnstable 115 (119 and 120) System stable
EC-45 Barnstable 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable
EC-46 Bourne 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable
22
For contingency NC-9 the wind farm was very close to tripping. This contingency was discussed in
Section 4.1. The recommendation is to install dual high-speed protection on the #115 line.
#342 and #322 Double Circuit Tower (DCT)
For contingency NC-13, the #342/#322 DCT, the Canal 1, 2 and SEMASS generators become
unstable. The Canal units do not have out-of-step protection. These units were tripped in the
simulation when their rotor angles exceeded 400 degrees. The loss of source for this contingency is
about 1195 MW. The system response is the same for pre and post-project conditions.
In the simulations when the Canal units are unstable they are tripped when their rotor angles reach
400 degrees. The Canal units have electronic overspeed protection (set at 103%) and mechanical
overspeed protection (set at 110%). At 103% overspeed the electronic protection sends a signal to
close the governor and intercept valves. Since we don't have data on how long it takes for these
valves to close, it is difficult to model how the units are actually tripped. In the simulations when
the units were tripped at 400 degrees the corresponding rotor speed is 105%. This indicates that
tripping the units at 400 degrees is fairly close to when the electronic overspeed would trip them.
#342 and #121 Three Phase Stuck Breaker
Contingency EC-28 is a 3-phase fault at Canal on the #342 line, with IPT breaker #312 stuck and
tripping of the #121 auto-transformer. For pre-project system conditions this contingency results in
the instability of the Canal 1, 2, SEMASS and GCX entry. The total loss of source is 1745 MW.
Reducing the backup clearing time from 11.6 cycles to 9.5 cycles results in a stable response. For
post-project conditions Canal 1, 2 and SEMASS units become unstable, the NE to NB tie trips and
also Cape Wind trips due to over-frequency protection. The total loss of source is about 2357 MW.
Reducing the backup clearing time to 9.0 cycles is still not sufficient to stabilize the Canal units.
Installing a redundant series breaker with the #312 breaker will eliminate the high loss of source.
Loss of #126 Auto-transformer and the Canal #2 Generator
EC-30 is a three-phase fault on the #126 auto-transformer with breaker #512 stuck and the loss of
the Canal #2 generator. The loss of source for this contingency is acceptable however there is
degradation of the post-fault Canal 345 kV recovery voltage for post-project conditions. This
contingency was re-run, respectively, with the backup clearing time reduced to 11 cycles, 10.5
cycles and 10 cycles. The Canal 345 kV post-fault voltage improved to pre-project levels for a
backup clearing time of 10.5 cycles.
For contingency EC-38 the wind farm tripped (see discussion in Section 4.1). Plots for S2D1
dispatch light load post-Cape Wind testing are given in Appendix H and plots for pre-project testing
are given in Appendix K. Plots for re-simulation of problem cases are in Appendix M.
23
Loss of Loss of
Source Source
3-Ph. Fault Post project (MW) Pre project (MW)
NC-1 Canal 345 (342 line) System stable Poor damping
NC-2 Canal 345 (322 line) System stable System stable
NC-3 Pilgrim 345 (355 line) System stable System stable
NC-4A Bourne 115 (121 line) System stable System stable
NC-7 Bourne 115 (122 line) System stable System stable
NC-8 Barnstable 115 (122 line) System stable System stable
NC-9 Falmouth 115 (115 line) System stable System stable
NC-10 Orleans 115 (118 line) System stable System stable
NC-11 Tremont 115 (113 line) System stable System stable
DCTs
Canal 1, 2 and
SEMASS Canal 1, 2 and
NC-13 Canal 345 (342 and 322) unstable 1195 SEMASS unstable 1195
NC-14 Canal 115 (121 and 126) System stable System stable
NC-14A Bourne 115 (121 and 126) System stable System stable
NC-15 Canal 345 (342 and 120) System stable Poor damping
NC-16 Barnstable 115 (120 and 122) System stable System stable
NC-17 Bourne 115 (113 and 108) System stable System stable
NC-19 Pilgrim 345 (342 and 355) System stable 734 Poor damping 734
1-ph. Stuck
NC-20 Canal 345 (342 and 121) System stable Poor damping
NC-22 W. Medway 345 (389 and Walth. Auto) System stable System stable
NC-23 Orleans 115 (118 and 122) System stable System stable
NC-23A Orleans 115 (119 and 120) System stable System stable
NC-24A Barnstable 115 (119 and 120) System stable System stable
NC-25 Barnstable 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable System stable
NC-26 Bourne 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable System stable
NC-27 Canal 115 (121, 122, 113) System stable System stable
Notes:
1. NC-1, NC-15, NC-19 and NC-20 the Cape voltages are poorly damped.
The damping ratio is about .021 at oscillation frequency of about 1 HZ .
24
Loss of Loss of
Source Source
3-Ph. Stuck Post project (MW) Pre project (MW)
Canal 1, 2 and Canal 1, 2 and

SEMASS SEMASS
unstable; Tie trip; unstable; GCX
EC-28 Canal 345 (342 and 121) Cape wind tripped 2357 entry 1745
EC-29 Canal 345 (322 and 121) GCX entry 550 System stable
EC-30 Canal 345 (126 and Canal 2) GCX entry 1130 GCX entry 1130
EC-31 Canal 345 (126 and Canal 1) System stable 587 System stable 587
EC-32 Canal 345 (342 and Canal 2) System stable 580 System stable 580
EC-33 Canal 345 (322 and Canal 1) Tie tripped 1287 GCX entry 1137
EC-34 Pilgrim 345 342 line System stable Poor damping
EC-35 W. Medway 345 (357 and 344) Tie tripped 700 Tie tripped 700
EC-36 Auburn 345 (335, Auburn auto, 342) GCX entry 550 Poor damping
EC-37 Canal 115 (121, 122, 113) System stable System stable
Cape Wind
tripped, 33kV
voltage is less
than 0.15 pu
EC-38 Barnstable 115 (115 and new cable) during the fault 462 System stable
EC-39 Bourne 115 (122 and 118) System stable System stable
EC-40 Falmouth 115 (115 and new Cable) System stable System stable
EC-43 Orleans 115 (118 and 122) System stable System stable
EC-43A Orleans 115 (119 and 120) System stable System stable
EC-44 Barnstable 115 (118 and 122) System stable System stable
EC-44A Barnstable 115 (119 and 120) System stable System stable
EC-45 Barnstable 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable System stable
EC-46 Bourne 115 (122, 121, 113) GCX entry 550 System stable
Notes:
1. EC-28 the frequency protection tripped Cape Wind at 0.6 sec. (0.1 sec. before Canal tripped).
2. EC-34 and EC-36 the Cape voltages are poorly damped.
The damping ratio is about .21 at about 1 HZ.
25
For contingency NC-9 the wind farm is very close to tripping. This contingency has been discussed
in Section 4.1. The recommendation is to install dual high-speed protection on the #115 line.
#342 and #322 Double Circuit Tower (DCT)
For contingency NC-13, the #342/#322 DCT, the Canal 1, 2 and SEMASS generators become
unstable. The Canal units do not have out-of-step protection. These units were tripped in the
simulation when their rotor angles reached 400 degrees. Following this the rest of the NEPOOL
system was stable. The loss of source for this contingency is about 1195 MW. The system
response is the similar for pre and post-project conditions.
#342 and #121 Single Phase Stuck Breaker
Contingency NC-20 is a single phase fault at Canal on the #342 line, with breaker IPT #312 stuck,
requiring the clearing of the #121 auto-transformer. For post-project system conditions NC-20
resulted in the instability of the Canal 1, 2, SEMASS and the northern Maine units (MIS,
Bucksport, Harris 2, Wyman 1-3, Gorbell and Sea Strn.) are unstable. There is also GCX entry and
a corresponding 550 MW of generation rejection in New Brunswick. The resulting loss of source
is about 2620 MW. The pre-project case is stable with no loss of source. This contingency was re-
simulated by reducing the backup clearing time at Canal from 11.6 cycles to 11 cycles. The Canal
units become stable and there is no GCX entry.
#342 and #121 Three Phase Stuck Breaker
For pre-project conditions contingency EC-28 results in the instability of Canal 1, 2, SEMASS,
northern Maine and GCX entry. Total loss of source is 2654 MW. Reducing the backup clearing
time down to 9.5 cycles stabilizes the Canal and SEMASS units and the new total loss of source
becomes 1425 MW. For post-project conditions Canal 1, 2, SEMASS, northern Maine units are
unstable and there is GCX entry. Also Cape Wind trips on over-frequency protection. Total loss of
source is 3116 MW. Reducing the backup clearing time down to 9 cycles was not sufficient to
stabilize the any of the unstable units. Therefore to address this condition a redundant circuit
breaker will need to be installed in series with the Canal #312 breaker.
Loss of #126 Auto-transformer and the Canal #2 Generator
For Contingency EC-30 the recovery of the Canal #345 kV voltage, following fault clearing, is
lower and has a slower recovery. Also there is a 2005 MW loss of source for both pre and post
project conditions. This contingency was re-run with the backup clearing time reduced,
respectively, to 11 cycles, 10.5 cycles and 10 cycles – for both pre and post project system
conditions. Reducing the backup clearing time to 10 cycles, for pre-project conditions, resulted in
26
stabilizing the Maine units MIS, Harris #2, Wyman #1-3, Sea Strn., Gorbell and Bucksport. The
resulting loss of source becomes 1130 MW. For post–project conditions reducing the backup time
to 10 cycles did not stabilize the Maine units and resulting loss of source remains at 2005 MW.
Therefore it is recommended that the Canal #512 circuit breaker be replaced with IPT capability.
#322 and Canal #1 Three Phase Stuck Breaker
Contingency EC-33 is a three-phase fault at Canal on the Canal to Carver #322 line with stuck #112
breaker. The backup clearing trips the Canal #1 unit. For pre-project conditions EC-33 results in
the instability of northern Maine units (MIS, Bucksport, Harris 2, Wyman 1-3, Gorbell and Sea
Strn.) and GCX entry. The total loss of source is about 2012 MW. For post-project conditions EC-
33 causes instability of the New England system. EC-33 was re-run, for pre and post project
conditions, with the local backup time reduced to 10 cycles. For pre-project Maine units become
stable, there is GCX entry and the total loss of source becomes 1137 MW. For post-project
conditions Maine units are unstable, there is GCX entry and the new loss of source is 2012 MW.
This contingency was also simulated with breaker #112 modeled with IPT capability. The post-
project system response was stable with GCX entry. Therefore it is recommended that the #112
breaker be replaced with IPT capability.
#335 and #342 Line Three Phase Stuck Breaker
Contingency EC-36 is a three-phase fault at Auburn 345 kV on the Auburn to Holbrook #335 line
with breaker #2130 stuck. The backup clearing trips the Auburn to Canal #342 line. For pre-
project conditions the system response is stable. For post-project conditions northern Maine units
(MIS, Bucksport, Harris 2, Wyman 1-3, Gorbell and Sea Strn.) become unstable and the NE to NB
tie trips. The total loss of source is about 1575 MW. Re-simulating this contingency by replacing
the #2130 breaker with IPT capability resulted in a stable response with no GCX entry.
For contingency EC-38 the wind farm tripped. See discussion in Section 4.1.
Bourne – Barnstable #122 Line
EC-46 is a three-phase fault at Bourne on the #122 line with breaker #12272 at Bourne stuck. Local
backup at Bourne clears in 17.5 cycles and the breakers at the Barnstable end clear in 20 cycles.
The 33 kV voltage on the Wind Farm comes close to the 0.70 pu voltage protection trip setting. If
the 33 kV voltage recovery is delayed by about 8 cycles the wind farm would trip. For the S3D1
dispatch the northern Maine units become unstable and there is also GCX entry. The total loss of
source is 1425 MW. The 1425 MW loss of source is marginal however since the wind farm is very
close to tripping by the undervoltage protection the loss of source can be as high as 1887 MW. This
contingency was re-run with IPT capability for the Bourne #12272 breaker. The IPT breaker
improves the voltage recovery and provides adequate voltage margin to prevent tripping of the wind
farm.
Plots for S3D1 light load post-Cape Wind testing are given in Appendix I and plots for pre-project
testing are given in Appendix L. Plots for re-simulation of problem cases are in Appendix M.
27
Loss of Loss of
Source Source
3-Ph. Fault Post project (MW) Pre project (MW)
NC-3 Pilgrim 345 (355 line) System stable System stable
NC-4A Bourne 115 (121 line) System stable System stable
NC-7 Bourne 115 (122 line) System stable System stable
NC-8 Barnstable 115 (122 line) System stable System stable
NC-9 Falmouth 115 (115 line) System stable System stable
NC-10 Orleans 115 (118 line) System stable System stable
DCTs
Canal 1, 2 and Canal 1, 2 and
NC-13 Canal 345 (342 and 322) SEMASS unstable 1195 SEMASS unstable 1195
NC-14A Bourne 115 (121 and 126) System stable System stable
NC-17 Bourne 115 (113 and 108) System stable System stable
NC-19 Pilgrim 345 (342 and 355) System stable 734 System stable 734
1-Ph. Stuck
Canal 1, 2 and
SEMASS unstable;
Northern Maine
NC-20 Canal 345 (342 and 121) unstable; GCX entry 2620 System stable
NC-22 W. Medway 345 (389 and Walth. Auto) System stable System stable
NC-23 Orleans 115 (118 and 122) System stable System stable
NC-23A Orleans 115 (119 and 120) System stable System stable
NC-24A Barnstable 115 (119 and 120) System stable System stable
NC-25 Barnstable 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable System stable
NC-26 Bourne 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable System stable
NC-27 Canal 115 (121, 122, 113) System stable System stable
Notes:
1. NC-20: MIS, Bucksport, Harris 2, Wyman 1-3 (70361 - 70363), Gorbell (70371), Sea unstable
2. For NC-1, NC-15, NC-19 and NC-20 the Cape voltages are poorly damped.
The damping ratio is about .021 at oscillation frequency of about 1 HZ .
28
Loss of Loss of
Source Source
3-Ph. Stuck Post project (MW) Pre project (MW)
Canal 1, 2 and
SEMASS unstable; Canal 1, 2 and
Cape wind tripped; SEMASS unstable;
Northern Maine Northern Maine
EC-28 Canal 345 (342 and 121) unstable; GCX entry 3116 unstable; GCX entry 2654
EC-29 Canal 345 (322 and 121) GCX entry 550 GCX entry 550
EC-30 Canal 345 (126 and Canal 2) unstable, GCX entry 2005 unstable, GCX entry 2005
EC-31 Canal 345 (126 and Canal 1) GCX entry 1137 GCX entry 1137
EC-32 Canal 345 (342 and Canal 2) GCX entry 1130 System stable 580
Northern Maine
EC-33 Canal 345 (322 and Canal 1) New England unstable HIGH unstable, GCX entry 2012
EC-34 Pilgrim 345 342 line System stable System stable
EC-35 W. Medway 345 (357 and 344) unstable, GCX entry 1425 unstable, GCX entry 1425
Northern Maine
EC-36 Auburn 345 (335, Auburn auto, 342) unstable, Tie trip 1575 System stable
Cape Wind tripped,
33kV voltage is less
than 0.15 pu during
EC-38 Barnstable 115 (115 and new cable) the fault 462 System stable
EC-39 Bourne 115 (122 and 118) System stable System stable
EC-40 Falmouth 115 (115 and new Cable) System stable System stable
EC-43 Orleans 115 (118 and 122) System stable System stable
EC-43A Orleans 115 (119 and 120) System stable System stable
EC-44 Barnstable 115 (118 and 122) System stable System stable
EC-44A Barnstable 115 (119 and 120) System stable System stable
EC-45 Barnstable 115 (122, 121, 113) System stable System stable
Northern Maine
EC-46 Bourne 115 (122, 121, 113) unstable, GCX entry 1425 GCX entry 550
Notes:
1. EC-28 the frequency protection tripped Cape Wind at 0.6 sec. (0.1 sec. before Canal tripped).
2. EC-28, EC-35: MIS, Bucksport, Harris 2, Wyman 1-3 (70361 - 70363), Gorbell (70371),
Sea, Madison, AEI unstable
3. For EC-34 and EC-36 the Cape voltages are poorly damped.
The damping ratio is about .21 at about 1 H
4. EC-30, EC-33, EC-36, EC-46: MIS, Bucksport, Harris 2, Wyman 1-3 (70361 - 70363),
Gorbell (70371), Sea unstable
29
4.5 342/322 and 122/120 DCTs
342 and 322 DCT
The #342 (Canal – Auburn – Pilgrim) and #322 (Canal – Carver) 345 kV lines are on common
towers for one span while crossing the Cape Cod Canal. For the existing system the loss of the 342
and 322 double circuit tower lines (NC-13) can result in overloading the 115 kV Bourne – Tremont
(#108 and #113) circuits beyond their STE ratings during light load conditions. The normal / LTE /
STE / DAL ratings of the #108 and #113 circuits are 227 / 246 / 291 / 389 MVA, each. The Cape
area light load is about 200 MW. Following contingency NC-13 the Canal 1 and 2 units would
supply the 200 MW Cape area load and the rest would flow from Bourne to Tremont over the #108
and #113 lines, the two remaining 115 kV tie lines connecting the Cape area to the rest of the
system. The introduction of Cape Wind significantly increases this overload.
During light load conditions when the Canal 1 and 2 units are at their full output, contingency NC-
13 results in the instability and tripping of the Canal units and overloading the #108 and #113 lines
is not an issue. However, for existing light load system conditions, when the Canal units are
partially dispatched at a total net output of 824 MW or less they remain stable and the #108 and
#113 lines will overload above STE rating. The 824 MW limit is based on the S2D1 dispatch.
In order to address this existing overload condition an SPS at Canal will need to be installed that
will sense the occurrence of the 342/322 DCT contingency and if both Canal units are in-service the
SPS will trip the Canal #2 unit. When both units are dispatched at their full output, tripping the
Canal #2 unit results in stable but undamped oscillation of the Canal #1 unit. Installing a power
system stabilizer (PSS) on the Canal #1 unit mitigates the undamped oscillation and results in an
acceptable system response. The existing voltage regulator of the Canal #1 unit can accept the
addition of a PSS card. Since the failure of this proposed SPS to trip the Canal #2 unit can result in
the instability of both Canal units and SEMASS, with a total net loss of source of 564 MW + 560
MW + 70 = 1194 MW, this SPS would be classified as a Type III SPS.
For post Cape Wind system conditions (using the S2D1 dispatch) the Canal units remain stable,
following contingency NC-13, when their combined net output level is 549 MW or less. At 549
MW of combined Canal 1 and 2 output the loading on each of the #108 or #113 lines would be
(549 MW + 462 MW – 200 MW)/2 = 406 MW. The #109 and #113 lines would be overloaded
beyond their 389 MVA DAL rating.
For post Cape Wind system conditions the Canal SPS will need to be modified to also trip the Cape
Wind generation in addition to tripping Canal #2 when both Canal units are in-service. Tripping of
the Canal #2 and Cape Wind generation results in a stable but undamped Canal #1 response. The
undamped response of Canal #1 can be mitigated by installing a PSS on Canal #1.
The modified Canal SPS will have three failure modes. It can fail to trip both Canal #2 and Cape
Wind, or trip Canal #2 and fail to trip Cape Wind, or trip Cape Wind and fail to trip Canal #2. If
the SPS fails to trip Canal #2 and Cape Wind and the Canal units are at full output then both Canal
units will become unstable and will trip. This will result in loss of 1124 MW and acceptable system
response. However, as discussed above, if the net total output of the Canal units is below 549 MW
the Canal units will remain stable. This will result in overloading of the #113 and #108 lines which
will trip and thus result in the loss Cape load and Cape generation. The total loss of source for this
case is (549 MW + 462 MW – 200 MW) = 811 MW.
30
If the SPS trips Canal #2 but fails to trip Cape Wind, the Canal #1 unit will become unstable when
dispatched at its full output. Thus this will result in the loss of both Canal units and a total of 1124
MW source loss. However if the Canal #1 unit is dispatched below 487 MW it will remain stable.
With Canal #1 at 487 MW and Cape Wind at 462 MW the #113 and #108 lines will overload
beyond their STE ratings and will trip. This will thus result in the net total source loss of
(564 MW + 487 MW + 462 MW + 70 MW – 200 MW) = 1383 MW.
If the SPS trips Cape Wind but fails to trip Canal #2 then both Canal units will become unstable
when dispatched at their full output. The total net loss of source will be (564 MW + 560 MW + 462
MW + 70 MW) = 1656 MW. Thus the modified Canal SPS would be classified as a Type I SPS
based on the loss of source results for partial SPS failure. The inadvertent operation of the SPS,
namely tripping of Canal #2 and Cape Wind, with all lines in-service was not modeled as it is not
expected to have any significant adverse impact.
120 and 122 DCT
Presently there are plans to install a Special Protection Scheme (SPS) at the Barnstable 115 kV
Substation as a result of the 2nd Nantucket Interconnection project. This SPS is associated with the
loss Barnstable-Canal (120 line) and Barnstable-Bourne (122 line) double circuit tower (DCT)
contingency and is designed to mitigate a possible overload of the Falmouth-Hatchville #115 line
and system voltage collapse during peak load conditions. The Barnstable SPS will need to be
modified for the Cape Wind project.
For pre the Cape Wind system the Barnstable SPS will monitor the power flow into the Barnstable
Substation over the 120, 122 and 115 lines. If the total flow on these three lines, flowing into
Barnstable, exceeds about 150 MW then the SPS will be armed to shed load for the loss of the 120
and 122 DCT. Load will be shed by tripping the #118 line and also the Mashpee load.
For post Cape Wind system conditions the Barnstable SPS will need to be modified in order to
address a possible overload of the Barnstable-Mashpee #115 line during light load conditions. If
the total flow on the three 120, 122 and 115 lines flowing from Barnstable towards Bourne and
Canal exceeds the 246 MVA LTE rating of the Barnstable-Mashpee #115 line the SPS will be
armed to ramp down Cape Wind generation down to 300 MW level for the loss of the 120 and 122
DCT. The ramping down to 300 MW from full power output is expected to take less than 2
minutes.
Contingency NC-16, the loss of the 120 and 122 DCT, was modeled in the base analysis without
SPS operation. Thus in effect these cases model the event that the SPS fails to operate.
Contingency NC-16 in the S2D1 dispatch models the failure of the SPS to trip Cape Wind for light
load conditions and Contingency NC-16 in the P1D1 dispatch models the failure of the SPS to trip
the #118 line and Mashpee loads for peak load conditions.
The proper SPS operation was also simulated. Contingency NC-16 was simulated with the with the
P1D1 dispatch and at 5 cycles the #118 line and Mashpee load were tripped. Cape Wind was
dispatched in this case at a low output level of about 15%. Contingency NC-16 was also simulated
with the with the S2D1 dispatch which has Cape Wind dispatched at maximum power output. At 5
cycles half of the Cape Wind generation was tripped. Tripping half of Cape Wind was modeled
since the present Cape Wind model can not simulated the SPS action of ramping Cape Wind down
to 300 MW. The results are expected to be similar.
31
All of the simulation results indicate no significant impact. Based on the simulation results the
modified Barnstable SPS will continue to be a Type III SPS, since the failure of the SPS results in
local area impact. The inadvertent operation of the SPS is to either trip the #118 line and Mashpee
loads or ramp Cape Wind generation down to 300 MW with all lines in-service. These were not
specifically modeled as they are expected to result in significant system response. Plots for SPS
testing are given in Appendix N.
4.6 Re-runs of ECs as NCs
For three-phase stuck breaker contingencies that resulted in GCX entry the corresponding single-
phase faults were also simulated in order to insure that there was no GCX entry for the normal
criteria versions of the extreme criteria contingencies. Except for NC-20 in dispatch S3D1 the
results indicate no GCX entry for any of the NCs. NC-20 is discussed in Section 4.4 on page 26.
The summary of the simulation results is given in Table 9 below. Plots are given in Appendix O.
TABLE 9 - Extreme Contingencies with GCX Entry

EC Contingenvies with GCX Entry Corresponding NC Contingencies
S1D1
EC-35 EC-35_NC System stable
S2D1
EC-28 NC-20 System stable
S3D1
Canal 1, 2: SEMASS and Northern Maine
EC-28 NC-20 unstable; GCX entry
EC-35 EC-35 _NC System stable
4.7 Sensitivity to Partial Loading of the Wind Farm
Contingency NC-8 is a 3-phase normally cleared fault at Barnstable, on the Bourne-Barnstable

#122 line. During the fault the wind farm 33 kV voltage drops to 0.185 p.u. which is higher than
the 0.15 p.u. undervoltage protection instantaneous trip setting of 0.15 pu.
Sensitivity analysis for NC-8 was performed by evaluating wind farm dispatches with various levels
of wind turbine unavailability.
32
The S2D1 dispatch was selected for this analysis. The wind farm was dispatched with 85%, 75%,
50%, 25%, 10% and 5% of the wind turbines in-service at full output with the remaining turbines
out-of-service. The results indicate that the wind farm stays on line with 85% of the turbines in-
service. However at 75% (or with 25% of the turbines out of service) the wind farm is tripped by
the undervoltage protection. The various levels of wind farm output were obtained by adjusting the
MVA base of the equivalent generators.
However, the above scenario is not expected to be a problem during normal operation with all the
turbines available for operation. The entire wind farm will be located on a geographic area of
approximately 25 square miles. The wind farm area can be approximated by a square area of 5
miles by 5 miles. It is not expected that the wind pattern will change significantly over a 5 mile
distance such that some of the turbines are at maximum output while other turbines are out-of-
service due to lack of wind. A more likely scenario is to have a mild wind pattern where the wind
farm is just beginning to come on line. In this scenario some of the machines will be at minimum
power output such as 200 kwatts while the rest of the turbines are not synchronized yet. The entire
output of the wind farm for this condition will at about 5% output level (or 26 MW). It is during
these very light loading conditions that a three phase fault near Barnstable can result in the tripping
of the wind farm on undervoltage protection. These results indicate that the wind farm should be
operated such that less than about 15% (preferably less than 10%) of the wind turbines are
coincidentally out-of-service due to maintenance or in-operation.
Contingency NC-8 was also tested, for the S2D1 base case, with the wind farm loaded at 50%, 25%
and 15% power output with all of the turbines in service. At 50% output the wind farm remains
online. At 25% output approximately half of the turbines are tripped. At 15% output all wind
generators are tripped. Contingency NC-8 was also tested with the impedance of the four 115/33
kV transformers, on the Electric Service Platform (ESP), increased from the 9% to 12%. At a plant
output of 25% the wind farm remains on-line. At a 15% plant output half of wind farm generators
are tripped.
Additional testing for NC-8 was performed with one of the off-shore platform 115/33 kV
transformers placed out-of-service. With the remaining three transformers in-service the maximum
output of the wind farm is about 355 MW (100 turbines). Transformers #1 and #2 each supply 30
and 35 turbines at full output, respectively. Transformer #3 supplies either 35 turbines at full output
or 65 turbines at about 50% output. Two scenarios were run. In Scenario #1 transformer #1 and #2
supply 30 and 35 turbines, respectively, each at 35% power output and transformer #3 was
supplying 30 turbines with each at 35% power output. The total wind farm output is at 25% power
output. For this case the results indicate that the units on transformers #1 and #2 trip while the units
on transformer #3 remain online. In Scenario #1 transformer #1 and #2 supply 30 and 35 turbines,
respectively, each at 25% power output and transformer #3 was supplying 65 turbines with each at
25% power output. The total wind farm output is again at 25% power output. For this case the
results indicate that the units on transformers #1 trip while the units on transformers #2 and #3
remain online. Plots for the various cases with Cape Wind at partial loading are given at the end of
Appendix M.
Additional analysis was performed in order to determine system upgrades that will ensure the wind
farm completely rides through a 5-cycle 3-phase fault at the Barnstable 115 kV Substation. This
analysis was done with the wind farm at 13% total power output since GE does not recommend the
use of the dynamic model when the wind farm is dispatched below 13% output. Increasing the
115/33 kV transformer impedances to 14% resulted in the successful ride-through of the wind farm.
Placing a 75 MVA STATCOM at the ESP 115 kV level had no impact on the ride-through
performance.
33
4.8 Sensitivity to the 2nd New Brunswick Tie
Light load case S4D1 was used to evaluate the impact of the Cape Wind project with the 2nd New
Brunswick Tie (NRI) project in-service. The S4D1 is a light load case with the 2nd New Brunswick
Tie modeled and was previously used in the NSTAR 345 kV stability analysis. It was modified to
maximize the SEMA generation and to coincidentally maximize the northern transfers. In order to
achieve this the Boston area generation was turned off.
The ME-NH interface was modeled at 1400 MW and Orrington South was at 1200 MW. NNE-
Scobie was modeled at 2300 MW and SEMA export was maximized at 2670 MW.
The NRI project was modeled by a new 345 kV line from Orrington to Pt. Leprau with an
impedance of 0.0048 + j 0.07197 [1.2313] p.u.. Also a 24.5 ohm series capacitor was modeled in
the 345 kV Orrington to Maxcy’s 388 line at Orrington.
In the dynamic model the impedance relays at each end of the 388 (Orrington to Maxcy’s) and 392
(Maxyc’s to Maine Yankee) lines was modeled. In order to be conservative the DCB Overreaching
Zone impedance relay was modeled at each terminal with the following characteristics:
Overreaching Zone reach (p.u.) Characteristic Angle (degrees)

388 line at Maxcy’s: 0.0420 85
388 line at Orrington 0.0378 85
392 line at Maine Yankee 0.0202 85
392 line at Maxyc’s 0.0202 85
The characteristic center was modeled at ½ reach from the local terminal. In the simulation these
relays models were set to trip. The entire contingency set was simulated for this load flow case.
For Contingency EC-28 Cape Wind tripped on over-frequency protection and the loss of source is
1657 MW. As previously discussed, a redundant circuit breaker is recommended to be installed in
series with the Canal #312 breaker.
Contingency EC-30 resulted in the trip of the Orrington-Maxcy 388 line. Re-running EC-30 at 10
cycles resulted in a stable response.
For contingency EC-32 the wind farm tripped due to under-voltage protection due to a low voltage
swing following post-fault clearing. Reducing the backup clearing time to 10 cycles mitigates the
low voltage condition.
For contingency EC-38 the wind farm tripped. See discussion in Section 4.1.
Plots for NRI sensitivity testing are given in Appendix P.
34
Table 12 - Results with the 2nd NB Tie In-service
Loss of Loss of
Source Source
3-Phase Stk. Post project (MW) Pre project (MW)
NC-1 System stable
NC-2 System stable
NC-3 System stable
NC-4 System stable
NC-4A System stable
NC-5 System stable
NC-6 System stable
NC-7 System stable
NC-8 System stable
NC-9 System stable
NC-10 System stable
NC-11 System stable
NC-12 System stable
DCTs
Canal 1,2 and Canal 1,2 and
NC-13 SEMASS unstable 1195 SEMASS unstable 1195
NC-14 System stable
NC-14A System stable
NC-15 System stable
NC-16 System stable
NC-17 System stable
NC-18 System stable
NC-19 System stable 734 734
1-Phase Stk.
NC-20 System stable
NC-21 System stable
NC-22 System stable
NC-23 System stable
NC-24 System stable
NC-25 System stable
NC-26 System stable
NC-27 System stable
35
Table 12 - Results with the 2nd NB Tie In-service
Loss of Loss of
Source Source
3-Phase Stk. Post project (MW) Pre project (MW)
Canal 1, 2 and SEMASS
unstable; Cape Wind
EC-28 tripped on over-frequency 1657 Canal 1, 2 unstable 1195
EC-29 System stable
1780 Canal 1 unstable. Line 1780
EC-30 Line 388 tripped. (Note 3) (Note 4) 388 tripped. (Note 3) (Note 4)
EC-31 System stable 587 587
System stable, Cape Wind
tripped by the voltage
EC-32 protection (Note 1) 1042 580
EC-33 System stable 587 587
EC-34 System stable
EC-35 System stable
EC-36 System stable
EC-37 System stable
System stable, Cape Wind
EC-38 tripped (Note 2) 462
EC-39 System stable
EC-40 System stable
EC-43 System stable
EC-43A System stable
EC-44 System stable
EC-44A System stable
EC-45 System stable
EC-46 System stable
EC-47 System stable
Note 1: The 33 kV voltage is lower than 0.7 for 0.5 seconds.

Note 2: The 33kV voltage is less than 0.15 pu during the fault.
Note 3: Simulation terminated at 5 seconds because the angles of MIS and NB units
are higher than 1000 degree.
Note 4: Based on the loss of the Orrington South Interface flow.
4.9 Bulk Power Substation Testing
BPS testing was performed, using the S2D1 and S3D1 dispatches, at various 115 kV and 345 kV
substations in the vicinity of the study area. The BPS results are summarized in Table 13, on page
37.
36
Table 13 Bulk Power Substations
Fault location Post project S2D1 Preproject S2D1 Post project S3D1 Preproject S3D1
115 KV Substations
Bourne NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable
Barnstable System stable System stable System stable System stable
Falmouth Tap System stable System stable System stable System stable
SEMASS unstable; Northern SEMASS unstable; Northern
SEMASS unstable; SEMASS unstable; NE unstable (NOTE 1), NE unstable (NOTE 1),
Tremont GCX entry GCX entry GCX entry GCX entry
Hatchville System stable System stable System stable System stable
Orleans System stable System stable System stable System stable
System stable, wind System stable, wind farm is
Sandwich farm is tripped (NOTE 2) System stable tripped (NOTE 2), GCX entry System stable
345 kV Substations
Canal NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable
Carver NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable
Pilgrim NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable
Holbrook NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable
West Walpole NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable
Auburn NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable NE unstable
NOTE:
1. MIS units, HARRIS#2, W.S. Wywan #1~3( #70361~70363),Sea, Bucksport, Madison, Gorbell(#70371) and AEI, OTIS units unstable.
2. Wind farm tripped by the voltage protection. (less than 0.7 pu)
37
The results indicate that the proposed Cape Wind project does not change the BPS classifying of
existing substations. For the Sandwich BPS test there was GCX entry for the post project case in
the S3D1 dispatch (no GCX entry in the pre-project case). However, since the loss of source is less
than 1200 MW GCX entry is not considered a trigger for BPS classification. Plots for BPS testing
are given in Appendix Q.
4.10 N-2 Analysis
N-2 analysis was performed, on the S2D1 dispatch, by individually removing critical transmission
lines out of service and evaluating the impact of selected design criteria contingencies. Table 10
summarizes the simulation results for the N-2 conditions that were evaluated. For the initial
simulations generation was not backed down prior to simulating the N-2 contingency. As can be
seen from Table 10 several N-2 contingencies, involving the N-1 outage of the #322 or #342 lines,
caused instability of the Canal generators. Backing down the total Canal generation by 600 MW
(300 MW for each Canal unit) resulted in a stable result for contingencies NC-1, NC-2, NC-14A,
NC-15 and NC-17. In order to obtain a stable result for NC-20 and NC-21 the Canal generation
was reduced down to 200 MW for each unit.
The backdown rate for each Canal unit is 25 MW / minute. The backdown rate for the Cape Wind
generation is about 92 MW / minute, though Cape Wind was not selected as a backdown unit. Plots
for N-2 testing are given in Appendix R.
4.11 Short Circuit Results
The impact of the Cape Wind project on the short circuit levels was evaluated by adding the Cape
Wind generation in the Aspen short circuit program. In order to model worst case fault
contributions from the wind farm it was assumed that for faults in the vicinity of the Barnstable 115
kV Substation the wind turbines will “crawbar” by short circuiting the rotor circuit thus providing
the highest fault contribution to the system.
The 115/33 kV transformers on the Electric Service Platform have Y-grounded 115 kV and Y-
grounded 33 kV windings with an imbedded delta tertiary winding. The wind farm was modeled by
an equivalent positive, negative and zero-sequence representation at the Barnstable 115 kV
Substation based on wind farm fault current contribution at the Barnstable, provided by the project
developer.
The results presented in Table 11, on page 39, indicate that the additional fault current contribution
from the wind farm does not result in any circuit breakers exceeding their interrupting capability.
At the West Medway 345 kV Substation two circuit breakers (#111 and #112) presently have an
interrupting rating of 40 kA. The rest of the breakers at West Medway have a 50 kA interrupting
capability. The results indicate that the fault duty of the #111 and #112 breakers exceeds their
interrupting capability, however this condition exists prior to the Cape Wind project and is therefore
not caused by Cape Wind. The interrupting capability of the #111 and #112 breakers is presently
being reviewed.
38
TABLE 10 - N-2 Results for Light Load Case S2D1
Canal and Cape Wind at full output
N-1 Line Out NC-1 NC-2 NC-14A NC-15 NC-17 NC-20 NC-21
Canal units Stable; Out of Canal units Stable; Out of Canal units
322 unstable GCX unstable GCX unstable
Canal units Canal units Stable; Out of Canal units
342 unstable unstable GCX unstable
Stable; Out of Stable; Out of Stable; Out of Stable; Out of
113 GCX GCX GCX GCX
Stable; Out of Stable; Out of Stable; Out of Stable; Out of Stable; Out of
120 GCX GCX GCX GCX GCX
Stable; Out Stable; Out of Stable; Out of Stable; Out of
126 of GCX GCX GCX GCX
Stable; Out Stable; Out of Stable; Out of
122 of GCX GCX GCX
Canal output reduced
NC-1 NC-2 NC-14A NC-15 NC-17 NC-20 NC-21

(Canal (Canal (Canal (Canal (Canal (Canal (Canal
reduce by reduce by reduce by reduce by reduce by reduce by reduce by
N-1 Line Out 600 MW) 600 MW) 600 MW) 600 MW) 600 MW) 770 MW) 770 MW)
Stable; Out of Stable; Out Stable; Out of
322 GCX of GCX GCX
Stable; Out of Stable; Out of Stable; Out of
342 GCX GCX GCX
113
120
126
122
NOTES:
-- Indicates that this condition was not evaluated
39
TABLE 11 - Short Circuit Results (in amperes)
Breaker Interupting Pre-Project Post-Project
Rating (in amperes) Fault Type Fault Duty Fault Duty Delta Increase
3PH 18,247 19,341 1,094
Canal 345 37000, 50000 2PH-GND 20,174 21,170 996
1PH-GRD 20,845 21,813 968
3PH 13,316 13,649 333
Carver 345 40000 2PH-GND 13,286 13,576 290
1PH-GRD 11,735 11,909 174
3PH 20,087 20,303 216
Auburn 345 40000 2PH-GND 19,408 19,595 187
1PH-GRD 15,135 15,217 82
3PH 19,529 19,935 406
Pilgrim 345 40000 2PH-GND 20,130 20,482 352
1PH-GRD 19,686 19,961 275
3PH 22,844 23,048 204
Holbrook 345 40000 2PH-GND 22,329 22,505 176
1PH-GRD 18,015 18,099 84
3PH 44,609 44,897 288
W. Medway 345 40000, 50000 2PH-GND 44,172 44,417 245
1PH-GRD 39,228 39,377 149
Canal 115 3PH 16,228 17,607 1,379
40000 2PH-GND 17,724 18,979 1,255
(#120 line) 1PH-GRD 18,399 19,611 1,212
Canal 115 3PH 23,168 24,718 1,550
40000 2PH-GND 25,022 26,407 1,385
(#121 line) 1PH-GRD 25,803 27,112 1,309
3PH 24,008 26,596 2,588
Bourne 115 40000, 50000 2PH-GND 24,277 26,606 2,329
1PH-GRD 22,361 24,054 1,693
3PH 8,177 9,241 1,064
Hatchville 115 40000 2PH-GND 7,690 8,633 943
1PH-GRD 5,375 5,859 484
3PH 11,763 13,819 2,056
Sandwich 115 40000 2PH-GND 11,196 13,041 1,845
1PH-GRD 8,364 9,374 1,010
3PH 8,890 9,897 1,007
Falmouth Tap 115 40000 2PH-GND 8,383 9,275 892
1PH-GRD 5,900 6,347 447
3PH 10,148 15,930 5,782
Barnstable 115 40000 2PH-GND 9,606 14,835 5,229
1PH-GRD 6,927 10,075 3,148
Orleans 115 3PH 3,516 4,018 502
40000 2PH-GND 3,221 3,655 434
(#118 line) 1PH-GRD 2,197 2,438 241
3PH 19,272 19,922 650
Tremont 115 40,000 2PH-GND 18,484 19,036 552
1PH-GRD 15,552 15,850 298
3PH 18,657 19,200 543
SEMASS 115 40000 2PH-GND 17,939 18,399 460
1PH-GRD 15,598 15,861 263
3PH 20,120 20,461 341
Carver 115 40000 2PH-GND 20,901 21,193 292
1PH-GRD 20,978 21,226 248
3PH 8,174 8,682 508
Hyannnis Jct. 23 kV 12500 2PH-GND 9,390 9,860 470
1PH-GRD 9,703 10,174 471
3PH 8,077 8,422 345
Oak Street 23 kV 12500 2PH-GND 7,376 7,653 277
1PH-GRD 5,880 5,999 119
3PH 5,747 5,886 139
Mashpee 23 kV 12500 2PH-GND 6,526 6,651 125
1PH-GRD 6,769 6,896 127
40
4.12 Discussion of Results
Contingency NC-8 is a 3-phase normally cleared fault at Barnstable, on the Bourne-Barnstable

#122 line. During the fault, at full wind farm power output, the wind farm 33 kV voltage drops to
0.185 p.u.. This is 0.035 pu above the 0.15 p.u. undervoltage trip level. When 25% of the wind
turbines were modeled out-of-service the wind farm is tripped by the undervoltage protection.
Based on this it is recommended that the wind farm be operated such that less than about 10% of
the wind turbines are coincidentally out-of-service due to maintenance or in-operation.
Also, when the wind farm is operating at 25% power output approximately half of the wind turbine
trip for a three-phase fault at Barnstable. At 15% output all wind generators are tripped. Increasing
the impedance of the four 115/33 kV transformers, on the Electric Service Platform (ESP), from the
9% to 12% prevents a trip of the wind farm at 25% power output. At a 15% plant output half of
wind farm generators still trip due to undervoltage. This performance is considered acceptable by
NSTAR.
For NC-9 the Wind Farm is very close to tipping, due to undervotlage protection, for every dispatch
that was evaluated. It is recommended that a dual high-speed protection system be installed on the
Falmouth to Barnstable #115 line in order to prevent a possible trip of the Wind Farm.
For NC-20, a single-phase fault at Canal on the #342 line and a stuck #312 breaker that takes out
the #121 auto-transformer. For the S3D1 dispatch the total loss of source is 2620 MW. Reducing
the backup time from 11.6 cycles to 11 cycles stabilizes the system response. However, EC-28
requires that a redundant breaker be installed in series the #312 breaker which will reduce the
clearing time to 4 cycles.
EC-28 is the 3-phase fault version of NC-20. The total loss of source is 2399 MW for S2D1, 3121
MW for S3D1 and 1657 MW for S4D1. For pre-project conditions reducing the backup time to 9.5
cycles results in an acceptable system response. For post-project conditions reducing the backup
time down to 9 cycles is still not sufficient to obtain acceptable system response. Therefore, it is
recommended to install a redundant series breaker with the #312 breaker.
EC-30 is a three-phase fault on the #126 auto-transformer with breaker #512 stuck and the loss of
the Canal #2 generator. For S2D1 the loss of source is acceptable. The loss of source for S3D1 is
2005 MW. EC-30 resulted in the trip if the Orrington South interface at 1200 MW for the S4D1
dispatch. Therefore it is recommended that the Canal #512 circuit breaker be replaced with IPT
capability.
For contingency EC-32 the wind farm tripped due to under-voltage protection. However, this is an
acceptable response for an extreme criteria contingency. The post-fault clearing Canal 345 kV
voltage for post-Cape Wind conditions is below 0.6 p.u.. EC-32 was re-simulated with a reduced
backup time of 11 cycles for breaker 412 and the Wind Farm remained on line and the Canal 345
kV voltage response improves to about 0.7 p.u.. Reducing the clearing time to 10 cycles further
improves the Canal 345 kV voltage response.
EC-33 is a three-phase fault at Canal on the #322 line with the #112 breaker stuck and the loss of
the Canal #1 unit. The #112 breaker is non-IPT. For the S3D1 dispatch EC-33 causes instability of
the New England system. This contingency was re-simulated by modeling breaker #112 with IPT
capability. The post-project system response was stable with GCX entry. Therefore it is
recommended that the #112 breaker be replaced with IPT capability.
41
EC-36 is a three-phase fault at Auburn 345 kV on the #335 line and a stuck #2130 breaker that
takes out the #342 line. The loss of source in the S3D1 dispatch is 1575 MW (northern Maine units
MIS, Bucksport, Harris 2, Wyman 1-3, Gorbell and Sea Strn. Are unstable and the NE-NB tie
trips). Replacing the #2130 breaker with IPT capability results in a stable system response.
EC-38 is a three-phase fault a Barnstable 115 kV with a stuck breaker that also takes one of the new
115 kV cables to the wind farm. The wind farm trips by the undervoltage protection. However,
since this is an extreme criteria contingency the loss of the wind farm is acceptable. Converting
breaker #2 at Barnstable to IPT capability will avoid this low voltage condition on the Wind Farm
and the subsequent trip. The ISO may conclude that this upgrade would be at the discretion of
developer as it is an extreme contingency fault that results in a stable system response.
EC-43 and EC-43A are three-phase faults at the Orleans 115 kV Substation with a stuck breaker at
Barnstable. The wind farm 33 kV voltage is within about 0.035 p.u. of the 0.70 p.u. voltage
protection trip setting. If the fault was modeled closer to Barnstable it is very likely that the wind
farm would trip on under-voltage protection as the 33 kV would voltage would be less than 0.7 pu
for longer than 0.5 seconds. In-order to avoid a trip of the wind farm a single high speed protection
system should be installed. However, the ISO may conclude that this upgrade would be at the
discretion of developer as it is an extreme contingency fault that results in an acceptable system
response.
EC-46 is a three-phase fault at Bourne on the #122 line with breaker #12272 at Bourne stuck. For
the S3D1 dispatch the total loss of source is 1425 MW. However the wind farm is very close to
tripping by the undervoltage protection with a possible loss of source can be as high as 1887 MW.
It is recommended that the Bourne 12272 breaker be replaced with IPT capability.
For contingency NC-13, the loss of the Canal 345 kV #342 and #322 DCT lines, an SPS is
proposed for the existing system to avoid overloading the Bourne-Tremont #108 and #113 lines
above their STE ratings of 291 MVA during light load conditions. The SPS would trip the Canal #2
unit when both Canal units are in-service. For post Cape Wind system conditions the SPS needs to
be modified to also trip Cape Wind. For existing system conditions the SPS would be a Type III
SPS for post Cape Wind system conditions the SPS would be a Type I SPS.
For contingency NC-16, the loss of the 120 and 122 DCT, presently planned Type III Barnstable
SPS will need to be modified to ramp Cape Wind down to 300 MW for light load system conditions
in order to avoid overloading the Barnstable-Mashpee #115 line above its STE rating. The
modified SPS would continue to be a Type III SPS.
5.0 Conclusions
This study evaluated the stability and short circuit impact of the 462 MW (delivered at Barnstable)
wind power generation project proposed by Cape Wind.
Horseshoe Shoal in Nantucket Sound. The nameplate rating of each individual wind turbine is 3.7
MW with 0.9 power factor lagging or leading, measured at the 33 kV terminals of the wind turbine
generators. The power from the wind turbines will be transmitted via 13 - 33 kV submarine cable
system to an Electrical Service Platform (ESP) centrally located within the WTG array in Nantucket
Sound.
42
Two 18.1 mile 115 kV circuits will transmit the wind generated power from the ESP to the NSTAR
115 kV Barnstable Substation. Of the 18.1 mile cable 12.2 miles is submarine cable and 5.9 miles
is underground cable. The expected in service date of this project is fall of 2006.
For the existing pre - Cape Wind system, installation of a Type III SPS is recommended at the
Canal 345 kV Substation. This Type III SPS will trip the Canal # 2 generator following the loss of
the 342/322 DCT lines when both Canal # 1 and Canal # 2 units are in-service.
It is also recommended that for the existing, pre Cape Wind system, a power system stabilizer be
installed on the Canal #1 and Canal #2 generators to avoid undamped oscillations of the Canal #1 or
Canal #2 generators for faults that involve the loss of the #342 line.
Based on the stability and short circuit analysis the following are the required upgrades for the Cape
Wind project:
Breaker Upgrades
1. Install a redundant circuit breaker in series with the Canal #312 circuit breaker
4. Replacing the Auburn #2130 circuit breaker with IPT capability.
5. Replace the Bourne #12272 circuit breaker with IPT capability.
Protection System Upgrades
6. Modify the proposed Canal SPS to also trip Cape Wind generation following the
occurrence of the #342/#322 DCT contingency.
7. Modify the planned SPS at the Barnstable 115 kV Substation to ramp down the Cape
Wind generation for the simultaneous loss of the 122/120 DCT lines and overload of
the Barnstable to Mashpee #115 line.
8. Install a redundant high-speed protection system on the Falmouth-Barnstable #115 line.
9. Reduce the backup clearing time for the Canal #412 circuit breaker to 10 cycles.
Other Upgrades
10. Install differential insulation and additional grounding at each tower for the #342 and #322
DCT Cape Cod canal crossing.
11. Install 12% impedance 115/33 kV transformers at the Electric Service Platform instead
of the originally proposed 9% transformers.
It is also recommended that the Wind Farm be operated so as to maintain availability of 85% of the
wind turbines. With the implementation of the above described upgrades the Cape Wind generation
project will have no adverse impact on the NEPOOL transmission system.
43
Appendix A
Load Flow Base Case Summary and Plots

S1D1 Light Load – With Cape Wind
P1D1 Peak Load – With Cape Wind
S2D1 Light – Pre Cape Wind
S3D1 Light – Without Cape Wind
LIGHT LOAD and PEAK LOAD
BASE CASE SUMMARIES

S1D1 Dispatch w/ Cape Wind
1999 SDDWG LIBRARY OUTSIDE WORLD - 2000 NE LIBRARY NE
2006 SUMMER LIGHT LOAD - SEMARI CASE (FROM 2006 SUMMER LL)
GENERATION
~~~~~~~~~~
# V MW MX # V MW MX # V MW MX
73562 MILL#2 0.000 0 0* 73563 MILL#3 1.014 1260 411 73538 AESTH PF 0.000 0 0
73555 MIDDTN#2 0.000 0 0 73556 MIDDTN#3 0.000 0 0 73557 MIDDTN#4 0.000 0 0
73551 NORHAR#1 0.000 0 0 73552 NORHAR#2 0.985 168 6 73646 BPTHBR#1 0.000 0 0
73647 BPTHBR#2 0.000 0 0 73648 BPTHBR#3 0.000 0 0 73649 BPTHBR#4 0.000 0 0
73553 DEVON#7 1.020 107 46 73554 DEVON#8 0.000 0 0 73574 MILFD#1 0.000 0 0
73575 MILFD#2 0.000 0 0 73651 NH HARBR 0.946 447 0 73558 MONTV#5 0.000 0 0
73559 MONTV#6 0.000 0 0 72372 BP #1 GN 0.000 0 0 72375 BP #2 GN 0.000 0 0
72370 BP #3 GN 1.000 622 48 72371 BP #4 GN 0.000 0 0 72377 BELL #1 1.042 290 66
72378 BELL #2 1.042 290 66 71095 ANPBLCK1 1.032 290 44 71096 ANPBLCK2 1.032 290 44
72661 MANCH09A 0.000 0 0 72662 MANCH10A 0.000 0 0 72663 MANCH11A 0.000 0 0
72666 FRSQ SC1 0.000 0 0 72667 FRSQ SC2 0.000 0 0 72668 FRSQ SC3 0.000 0 0
72671 HOPE G1 0.000 0 0 72672 HOPE G2 0.000 0 0 72673 HOPE G3 0.000 0 0
73565 LAKERD#1 0.000 0 0 73566 LAKERD#2 0.000 0 0 73567 LAKERD#3 0.000 0 0

71531 OSP1 PF 0.987 77 0 71532 OSP2 PF 0.987 77 0 71533 OSP3 PF 0.986 108 0
71084 NEA GTPF 1.007 111 16 71085 NEA GTPF 1.007 110 16 71086 NEA STPF 1.010 80 16
71522 SOM G6 0.939 105 0 72669 TIVER G1 1.026 189 21 72670 TIVER G2 1.027 92 11
71394 EMI_GEN 0.960 185 0 71251 CANAL G1 0.000 0 0 71252 CANAL G2 0.000 0 0
71094 PLGRM G1 1.042 734 260* 70909 EDG GT1 1.019 277 20 70910 EDG GT2 1.019 277 20
70911 EDG ST1 1.017 312 20 72243 MILLENCT 0.000 0 0 72244 MILLENST 0.000 0 0
71060 MYST G4 0.000 0 0 71061 MYST 5G 0.000 0 0 71062 MYST G6 0.000 0 0

71063 MYST G7 0.000 0 0 71067 MYS8 GTS 0.976 554 -75 71068 MYS8 ST 0.974 312 -39
71069 MYS9 GTS 0.000 0 0 71070 MYS9 ST 0.000 0 0 71946 SALEM G1 0.000 0 0
71073 N.BOST 1 0.000 0 0 71126 SEI-KEND 0.000 0 0 71946 SALEM G1 0.000 0 0
71947 SALEM G2 0.000 0 0 71948 SALEM G3 0.000 0 0 71949 SALEM G4 0.000 0 0

72869 SBRK G1 1.002 1318 209 72868 NWNGT G1 0.997 422 67 72866 MERMK G1 0.000 0 0
72867 MERMK G2 0.000 0 0 70381 RPA CG1 0.000 0 0 70382 RPA SG2 0.000 0 0
70060 MIS GT1 0.000 0 0 70061 MIS GT2 0.000 0 0 70062 MIS ST 0.000 0 0
70377 AEC G1 0.000 0 0 70378 AEC G2 0.000 0 0 70379 AEC G3 0.000 0 0

70386 WBK G1 0.000 0 0 70387 WBK G2 0.000 0 0 70388 WBK G3 0.000 0 0
70365 WF WY #1 0.999 57 3 70366 WF WY #2 0.000 0 0 70367 WF WY #3 0.000 0 0
70368 WF WY #4 0.000 0 0 70705 VTYAK G 0.972 667 150* 73083 NRTHFD12 0.980 -500 90*
73084 NRTHFD34 0.980 -500 90* 72512 BRSWP G1 0.971 -280 66 72513 BRSWP G2 0.971 -280 66
70389 BUCKS G4 0.000 0 0
MW MX MW MX MW MX
MILLSTONE 1260 411 MIDDLETOWN 0 0 NORWALK_HBR 168 6
BRIDGEPORT_HBR 0 0 DEVON 107 46 MILFORD 0 0
NHHARBOUR 447 0 MONTVILLE 0 0 BRAYTONPT 622 48
ANP-BELLINGHAM 580 132 ANP-BLACKSTONE 580 89 MANCHSTRST 0 0
PAWTKTPWR 0 0 LAKE_ROAD 0 0 FPLE_RISEP 0 0
OSP 523 0 NEA 301 47 MASS_POWER 0 0
SOMERSET 105 0 EMI-TIVERTON 281 32 EMI-DIGHTON 185 0
CANAL 0 0 PILGRIM 734 260 FORE_RIVER 866 61
MILFORD 0 0 MILLENNIUM 0 0 STONY_BROOK 0 0
MYSTIC 866 -114 NEWBOSTON 0 0 SALEMHBR 0 0
SEABROOK 1318 209 NEWINGTON 422 67 SCHILLER 0 0
MERRIMACK 0 0 AEC 0 0 RPA 0 0
MIS 0 0 WESTBROOK 0 0 WYMAN 57 3
VTYANKEE 667 150 BEARSWAMP -560 132 NORTHFIELD -1000 179
INTERFACE FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NB-NE 700 66 SUROWIEC-SOUTH 172 -102 Orrington-South 427 -124
MEYANKEE-SOUTH 258 -25 MAINE-NH 59 -63 NNE-SCOBIE+394 1490 11
SEABROOK-SOUTH 1219 71 NORTH-SOUTH 1836 81 CMFD/MOORE-SO 82 -91
SNDYPOND-SOUTH 189 166 CONN EXPORT -625 51 CONN IMPORT 626 -170
SW CONN IMPORT 580 -56 NORWLK-STAMFORD 281 -138 BOSTON IMPORT 1324 -311
SEMA/RI EXPORT 3104 -737 SEMA EXPORT 1552 -83 GREATER RI EXP 1680 -8
EAST-WEST 2464 -152 NY-NE -50 30 PV-20 105 -3
MOSES-SOUTH 714 -329 DYSINGER EAST 1270 -160* VOLNEY EAST 3188 175
WEST-CENTRAL 1020 -125* CENTRAL-EAST 2028 -37<1 TOTAL-EAST 4077 -131
GILBOA EAST 1362 12 UPNY-CONED 2801 -54 SPBK-DUNW SO 1884 -852
LILCO IMPORT 1084 -444 OH-NYPP 196 -68 PJM-NYPP 492 -329
NB-NS 0 -10
HVDC TRANSFERS FROM H-Q
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
CHAT-1 = 0 CHAT-2 = 0 HIGHGATE = 150
MADAWSKA = 0 EELRVR-1 = 0 EELRVR-2 = 0
PHII-P1 = 0 PHII-P2 = 0
BUS VOLTAGES
~~~~~~~~~~~~
V LMT V LMT V LMT
70001 CHESTER 345 342. 17.1 70002 ORRINGTN 345 348. 70003 MAXCYS 345 352.
70086 ME YANK 345 352. 70087 SUROWIEC 345 351. 70090 BUXTON 345 354.
72691 DRFLD345 345 355. 72692 NWGTN345 345 357. 72693 SCOB 345 345 355.
70486 VTYNK345 345 354. 70487 COOL 345 345 355. 72926 NRTHFLD 345 351.
72925 LUDLOW 345 349. 71796 CARP HL 345 350. 71797 MILLBURY 345 352.
71786 SANDY PD 345 355. 0.0 71789 TEWKS 345 354. 71790 WARDHILL 345 355.
71781 GLDN HIL 345 354. 70759 MYSTIC 345 354. 70758 NO. CAMB 345 353.
70756 WOBURN 345 353. 70772 W MEDWAY 345 351. 70781 HOLBROOK 345 350.
71327 AUBURN 345 351. 70783 PILGRIM 345 355. 71326 BRIDGWTR 345 352.
71193 CANAL 345 353. 71801 BRAYTN P 345 352. 71811 KENT CO. 345 349.
71337 WFARNUM 345 350. 71336 SHERMAN 345 350. 73108 CARD 345 353.
73112 MANCHSTR 345 352. 73107 SCOVL RK 345 352. 73663 E.SHORE 345 351.
73113 HADDM NK 345 352. 73109 MONTVILE 345 354. 73110 MILLSTNE 345 357.
73106 SOUTHGTN 345 351. 73104 FRSTBDGE 345 350. 73105 LONG MTN 345 351.
73115 PLUMTREE 345 351. 71817 COMERFRD 230 234. -40.0 70496 GRAN 230 230 239.
71961 TEWKSBRY 230 236. 72385 BRSWAMP 230 230. 72074 PRATTS J 230 234.
70027 ORRINGTN 115 117. 201.0 * 70125 SUROWIEC 115 123. H 0.0 70120 MAXCYS 115 123. H 100.0
70121 MASON 115 123. H 0.0 70165 S.GORHAM 115 121. 0.0 72712 BEEBE 115 117. 0.0
72734 MERRMACK 115 118. 0.0 72766 SCOBIE1 115 121. 0.0 70512 ESX B-2 115 116. 0.0
70521 RUTLAND 115 116. 0.0 72397 HARRIMAN 115 116. 72962 AGAWM PF 115 118. 0.0
72972 LUDLOW 115 120. 72096 MILLBURY 115 115. 63.0 * 72102 PRATTS J 115 117. 63.0 *
71995 SANDY PD 115 118. 71996 TEWKSBRY 115 118. 63.0 70869 W FRMNGH 115 114.
72265 NBORO RD 115 114. 70866 MEDWAY 115 114. 71347 BRIDGWTR 115 116.
71139 CARVR CE 115 118. 71217 BOURNE 115 119. 71377 SOMERSET 115 116.
72569 FRSQ 115 116. 0.0 72584 HARTAVE 115 116. 72565 KENT CO 115 117. 63.0 *
72572 W.KINGST 115 116. 73177 MYSTICCT 115 116. 73244 N.BLMFLD 115 117. 0.0
73242 MANCHSTR 115 116. 52.4 73154 SGTN B 115 116. 52.4 73202 FROST BR 115 117. 0.0
73243 BERLIN 115 115. 0.0 73170 PLUMTREE 115 117. 0.0 73168 GLNBROOK 115 119. 37.8
73267 DARIEN 115 118. 0.0 73162 WATERSDE 115 119. 39.6 * 73210 MONTVLLE 115 117. 0.0
73172 NORWALK 115 118. 0.0 73668 E.SHORE 115 117. 0.0 73671 NO.HAVEN 115 116. 0.0
73672 SACKETT 115 117. 0.0 73700 PEQUONIC 115 117. 73195 DEVON 115 117.
AREA/ZONE TOTALS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NEPOOL_GEN 11161 NEPOOL_LOAD 11628 NEPOOL_LOSS 312
GENERATION
~~~~~~~~~~
73559 MONTV#6 0.000 0 0 72372 BP #1 GN 0.000 0 0 72375 BP #2 GN 0.000 0 0
72370 BP #3 GN 1.006 622 91 72371 BP #4 GN 0.000 0 0 72377 BELL #1 0.000 0 0


71084 NEA GTPF 1.029 111 40* 71085 NEA GTPF 1.029 110 40* 71086 NEA STPF 1.047 80 55*
71394 EMI_GEN 0.965 185 6 71251 CANAL G1 1.022 587 211 71252 CANAL G2 1.004 580 100*


70377 AEC G1 0.000 0 0 70378 AEC G2 0.000 0 0 70379 AEC G3 0.000 0 0

70386 WBK G1 0.000 0 0 70387 WBK G2 0.000 0 0 70388 WBK G3 0.000 0 0
70365 WF WY #1 0.999 57 4 70366 WF WY #2 0.000 0 0 70367 WF WY #3 0.000 0 0
70389 BUCKS G4 0.000 0 0
MW MX MW MX MW MX
INTERFACE FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NB-NE 700 66 SUROWIEC-SOUTH 172 -102 Orrington-South 427 -123
SEABROOK-SOUTH 1217 77 NORTH-SOUTH 1836 89 CMFD/MOORE-SO 82 -91
SW CONN IMPORT 581 -54 NORWLK-STAMFORD 281 -138 BOSTON IMPORT 1325 -330
SEMA/RI EXPORT 3045 -792 SEMA EXPORT 2664 -91 GREATER RI EXP 519 69
EAST-WEST 2405 -171 NY-NE 6 20 PV-20 105 -3
NB-NS 0 -10
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BUS VOLTAGES
~~~~~~~~~~~~
V LMT V LMT V LMT
72691 DRFLD345 345 355. 72692 NWGTN345 345 357. 72693 SCOB 345 345 355.
AREA/ZONE TOTALS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GENERATION
~~~~~~~~~~
73559 MONTV#6 0.000 0 0 72372 BP #1 GN 0.000 0 0 72375 BP #2 GN 0.000 0 0
72370 BP #3 GN 0.000 0 0 72371 BP #4 GN 0.000 0 0 72377 BELL #1 0.000 0 0



71394 EMI_GEN 0.000 0 0 71251 CANAL G1 1.025 587 250* 71252 CANAL G2 0.997 580 100*

71063 MYST G7 1.007 565 132 71067 MYS8 GTS 1.012 554 87 71068 MYS8 ST 1.010 312 45
71947 SALEM G2 0.000 0 0 71948 SALEM G3 0.000 0 0 71949 SALEM G4 0.989 400 -14
72869 SBRK G1 1.004 1318 375* 72868 NWNGT G1 1.016 422 180* 72866 MERMK G1 0.000 0 0
70377 AEC G1 0.000 0 0 70378 AEC G2 0.000 0 0 70379 AEC G3 0.000 0 0

70386 WBK G1 1.040 185 28 70387 WBK G2 1.040 185 28 70388 WBK G3 1.040 195 30
70365 WF WY #1 0.000 0 0 70366 WF WY #2 0.000 0 0 70367 WF WY #3 0.000 0 0
70389 BUCKS G4 1.040 174 69
MW MX MW MX MW MX
MYSTIC 2297 353 NEWBOSTON 0 0 SALEMHBR 400 -14
INTERFACE FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NB-NE 700 66 SUROWIEC-SOUTH 1076 -30 Orrington-South 1195 57
SEABROOK-SOUTH 1432 214 NORTH-SOUTH 3182 -50 CMFD/MOORE-SO 72 -83
SW CONN IMPORT 581 -57 NORWLK-STAMFORD 281 -138 BOSTON IMPORT -488 -460
SEMA/RI EXPORT -32 -646 SEMA EXPORT 1015 41 GREATER RI EXP -921 -19
EAST-WEST 2471 -225 NY-NE -50 58 PV-20 107 -2
NB-NS 0 -10
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BUS VOLTAGES
~~~~~~~~~~~~
V LMT V LMT V LMT
72691 DRFLD345 345 346. 72692 NWGTN345 345 353. 72693 SCOB 345 345 344.
70027 ORRINGTN 115 119. 201.0 * 70125 SUROWIEC 115 123. H 150.0 * 70120 MAXCYS 115 123. H 100.0
70121 MASON 115 122. H 100.0 * 70165 S.GORHAM 115 120. 100.0 * 72712 BEEBE 115 116. 0.0
AREA/ZONE TOTALS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
P1D1 Dispatch w/ Cape Wind
2006 SUMMER PEAK LOAD
GENERATION
~~~~~~~~~~
73555 MIDDTN#2 1.020 117 54* 73556 MIDDTN#3 0.999 233 87* 73557 MIDDTN#4 0.000 0 0
73647 BPTHBR#2 0.000 0 0 73648 BPTHBR#3 1.024 375 260* 73649 BPTHBR#4 0.000 0 0
73553 DEVON#7 1.010 107 47* 73554 DEVON#8 1.007 107 47* 73574 MILFD#1 0.000 0 0
73575 MILFD#2 0.000 0 0 73651 NH HARBR 0.968 447 175* 73558 MONTV#5 1.008 81 27*
73559 MONTV#6 1.016 400 172 72372 BP #1 GN 1.025 255 99* 72375 BP #2 GN 1.025 253 99*
72370 BP #3 GN 1.026 622 95 72371 BP #4 GN 0.000 0 0 72377 BELL #1 1.089 290 150*
72378 BELL #2 1.089 290 150* 71095 ANPBLCK1 1.096 290 150* 71096 ANPBLCK2 1.096 290 150*
72661 MANCH09A 1.010 119 35* 72662 MANCH10A 0.000 0 0 72663 MANCH11A 0.000 0 0
72666 FRSQ SC1 0.991 46 -4 72667 FRSQ SC2 0.000 0 0 72668 FRSQ SC3 0.000 0 0

71084 NEA GTPF 1.045 111 40* 71085 NEA GTPF 1.045 110 40* 71086 NEA STPF 1.061 80 55*
71394 EMI_GEN 0.000 0 0 71251 CANAL G1 0.000 0 0 71252 CANAL G2 0.000 0 0

71069 MYS9 GTS 1.083 554 271* 71070 MYS9 ST 1.103 312 200* 71946 SALEM G1 1.023 81 15
71073 N.BOST 1 0.000 0 0 71074 N.BOST 2 0.000 0 0 71946 SALEM G1 1.023 81 15
72869 SBRK G1 1.004 1318 375* 72868 NWNGT G1 1.007 405 100 72866 MERMK G1 1.046 113 41
70377 AEC G1 1.040 57 10 70378 AEC G2 1.040 57 10 70379 AEC G3 1.040 57 10

70386 WBK G1 1.040 172 32 70387 WBK G2 1.040 172 32 70388 WBK G3 1.040 187 35
70365 WF WY #1 1.013 57 7 70366 WF WY #2 1.013 57 7 70367 WF WY #3 1.012 125 15
70368 WF WY #4 1.045 636 242* 70705 VTYAK G 0.954 667 150* 73083 NRTHFD12 0.981 250 80*
73084 NRTHFD34 0.981 250 80* 72512 BRSWP G1 0.993 280 68 72513 BRSWP G2 0.000 0 0
70389 BUCKS G4 1.040 174 59
MW MX MW MX MW MX
PAWTKTPWR 75 -7 LAKE_ROAD 0 0 FPLE_RISEP 545 248
MYSTIC 2297 811 NEWBOSTON 0 0 SALEMHBR 702 152
VTYANKEE 667 150 BEARSWAMP 280 68 NORTHFIELD 500 160
INTERFACE FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NB-NE 700 47 SUROWIEC-SOUTH 733 -52 MEYANKEE-SOUTH 630 -125
MAINE-NH 1534 -46 NNE-SCOBIE+394 3137 231 SEABROOK-SOUTH 1742 216
NORTH-SOUTH 3161 -101 CMFD/MOORE-SO 188 -42 SNDYPOND-SOUTH 2713 74
CONN EXPORT -2625 232 CONN IMPORT 2646 -98 SW CONN IMPORT 1935 161
NORWLK-STAMFORD 1015 -17 BOSTON IMPORT 2696 -343 SEMA/RI EXPORT 1780 -108
SEMA EXPORT 148 -24 GREATER RI EXP 1794 544 EAST-WEST 2693 85
NY-NE -133 56 PV-20 108 -2 MOSES-SOUTH 275 -374
DYSINGER EAST 1455 -62* VOLNEY EAST 4233 156 WEST-CENTRAL 521 -150*
CENTRAL-EAST 2130 -32<7 TOTAL-EAST 3763 -62 GILBOA EAST 2673 34
UPNY-CONED 3996 -40 SPBK-DUNW SO 2829 -761 LILCO IMPORT 1006 -366
OH-NYPP -161 -34 PJM-NYPP 644 207 NB-NS 200 -48
Orrington-South 963 34
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PHII-P1 = 1000 PHII-P2 = 1000
BUS VOLTAGES
~~~~~~~~~~~~
V LMT V LMT V LMT
72691 DRFLD345 345 348. 72692 NWGTN345 345 357. 72693 SCOB 345 345 346.
73115 PLUMTREE 345 336. 71817 COMERFRD 230 240. 0.0 70496 GRAN 230 230 243. H
70521 RUTLAND 115 113. 0.0 72397 HARRIMAN 115 116. 72962 AGAWM PF 115 117. 104.8 *
71995 SANDY PD 115 117. 71996 TEWKSBRY 115 117. 126.0 * 70869 W FRMNGH 115 114.
72572 W.KINGST 115 111. 73177 MYSTICCT 115 113. 73244 N.BLMFLD 115 116. 157.2 *
73242 MANCHSTR 115 116. 314.4 * 73154 SGTN B 115 116. 157.2 * 73202 FROST BR 115 116. 157.2 *
73243 BERLIN 115 115. 119.4 * 73170 PLUMTREE 115 116. 79.6 * 73168 GLNBROOK 115 119. 190.8 *
73267 DARIEN 115 118. 39.6 * 73162 WATERSDE 115 118. 39.6 * 73210 MONTVLLE 115 117. 104.8 *
73172 NORWALK 115 117. 79.4 * 73668 E.SHORE 115 116. 84.0 * 73671 NO.HAVEN 115 115. 42.0 *
73672 SACKETT 115 114. 42.0 * 73700 PEQUONIC 115 118. 73195 DEVON 115 116.
AREA/ZONE TOTALS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_GEN 25603 _LOAD 27617 _LOSS 818
S2D1 Pre-Cape Wind
GENERATION
~~~~~~~~~~
73559 MONTV#6 0.000 0 0 72372 BP #1 GN 0.000 0 0 72375 BP #2 GN 0.000 0 0
72370 BP #3 GN 1.000 622 51 72371 BP #4 GN 0.000 0 0 72377 BELL #1 1.045 290 72



70377 AEC G1 0.000 0 0 70378 AEC G2 0.000 0 0 70379 AEC G3 0.000 0 0

70386 WBK G1 0.000 0 0 70387 WBK G2 0.000 0 0 70388 WBK G3 0.000 0 0
70365 WF WY #1 0.999 57 3 70366 WF WY #2 0.000 0 0 70367 WF WY #3 0.000 0 0
70389 BUCKS G4 0.000 0 0
MW MX MW MX MW MX
INTERFACE FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NORTH-SOUTH 1790 82 CMFD/MOORE-SO 83 -91 SNDYPOND-SOUTH 179 167
CONN EXPORT -622 60 CONN IMPORT 623 -179 SW CONN IMPORT 581 -53
SEMA EXPORT 2214 -95 GREATER RI EXP 992 62 EAST-WEST 2385 -153
NY-NE 26 17 PV-20 107 -3 MOSES-SOUTH 723 -329
OH-NYPP 200 -67 PJM-NYPP 557 -332 NB-NS 0 -10
Orrington-South 427 -123
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BUS VOLTAGES
~~~~~~~~~~~~
V LMT V LMT V LMT
72691 DRFLD345 345 355. 72692 NWGTN345 345 357. 72693 SCOB 345 345 355.
AREA/ZONE TOTALS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_GEN 11172 _LOAD 11677 _LOSS 311
S3D1 – Pre Cape Wind
GENERATION
~~~~~~~~~~
73559 MONTV#6 0.000 0 0 72372 BP #1 GN 0.000 0 0 72375 BP #2 GN 0.000 0 0
72370 BP #3 GN 0.000 0 0 72371 BP #4 GN 0.000 0 0 72377 BELL #1 0.000 0 0




71069 MYS9 GTS 0.983 554 -8 71070 MYS9 ST 0.999 312 37 71946 SALEM G1 0.000 0 0
71947 SALEM G2 0.000 0 0 71948 SALEM G3 0.000 0 0 71949 SALEM G4 0.988 400 -18
72869 SBRK G1 1.002 1318 375* 72868 NWNGT G1 1.016 422 180* 72866 MERMK G1 0.000 0 0
70377 AEC G1 0.000 0 0 70378 AEC G2 0.000 0 0 70379 AEC G3 0.000 0 0

70386 WBK G1 1.040 185 21 70387 WBK G2 1.040 185 21 70388 WBK G3 1.040 195 23
70365 WF WY #1 0.000 0 0 70366 WF WY #2 0.000 0 0 70367 WF WY #3 0.000 0 0
70389 BUCKS G4 1.040 174 69
MW MX MW MX MW MX
MYSTIC 2297 244 NEWBOSTON 0 0 SALEMHBR 400 -18
INTERFACE FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NORTH-SOUTH 3140 -83 CMFD/MOORE-SO 73 -85 SNDYPOND-SOUTH 826 -9
NORWLK-STAMFORD 281 -138 BOSTON IMPORT -489 -366 SEMA/RI EXPORT -27 -479
SEMA EXPORT 566 95 GREATER RI EXP -473 48 EAST-WEST 2432 -176
NY-NE -13 39 PV-20 109 -2 MOSES-SOUTH 717 -329
Orrington-South 1195 57
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BUS VOLTAGES
~~~~~~~~~~~~
V LMT V LMT V LMT
72691 DRFLD345 345 346. 72692 NWGTN345 345 353. 72693 SCOB 345 345 345.
70121 MASON 115 123. H 100.0 * 70165 S.GORHAM 115 121. H 100.0 * 72712 BEEBE 115 117. 0.0
AREA/ZONE TOTALS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_GEN 11324 _LOAD 11677 _LOSS 425
S4D1 with 2nd NB and Cape Wind
GENERATION
~~~~~~~~~~
73551 NORHAR#1 0.000 0 0 73552 NORHAR#2 0.980 168 -3 73646 BPTHBR#1 0.000 0 0
73559 MONTV#6 0.000 0 0 72372 BP #1 GN 0.000 0 0 72375 BP #2 GN 0.000 0 0
72370 BP #3 GN 0.000 0 0 72371 BP #4 GN 0.000 0 0 72377 BELL #1 0.000 0 0
72378 BELL #2 1.076 290 150* 71095 ANPBLCK1 0.000 0 0 71096 ANPBLCK2 0.000 0 0


71063 MYST G7 0.983 565 -70 71067 MYS8 GTS 0.000 0 0 71068 MYS8 ST 0.000 0 0

72869 SBRK G1 1.010 1318 375* 72868 NWNGT G1 0.000 0 0 72866 MERMK G1 0.000 0 0
70060 MIS GT1 1.074 179 103* 70061 MIS GT2 0.000 0 0 70062 MIS ST 1.081 191 118*
70377 AEC G1 0.000 0 0 70378 AEC G2 1.040 58 17 70379 AEC G3 1.040 58 17

70386 WBK G1 1.040 185 25 70387 WBK G2 1.040 185 25 70388 WBK G3 1.040 196 27
70365 WF WY #1 0.996 57 2 70366 WF WY #2 0.000 0 0 70367 WF WY #3 0.000 0 0
70389 BUCKS G4 1.040 0 0
MW MX MW MX MW MX
MILLSTONE 1260 354 MIDDLETOWN 0 0 NORWALK_HBR 168 -3
INTERFACE FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NORTH-SOUTH 2998 -27 CMFD/MOORE-SO 78 -90 SNDYPOND-SOUTH 671 55
SEMA EXPORT 2667 -84 GREATER RI EXP -328 115 EAST-WEST 2354 -184
NY-NE 59 9 PV-20 107 -3 MOSES-SOUTH 728 -329
Orrington-South 1196 -191
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BUS VOLTAGES
~~~~~~~~~~~~
V LMT V LMT V LMT
70001 CHESTER 345 344. -125.0 * 70002 ORRINGTN 345 351. 70003 MAXCYS 345 345.
72691 DRFLD345 345 351. 72692 NWGTN345 345 354. 72693 SCOB 345 345 351.
70027 ORRINGTN 115 117. 0.0 70125 SUROWIEC 115 122. H 150.0 * 70120 MAXCYS 115 121. H 100.0
AREA/ZONE TOTALS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_GEN 10951 _LOAD 11677 _LOSS 431
Appendix B
Contingencies
TABLE 2 – Contingencies
Stuck Normal Backup

Fault Location Breaker IPT Clearing Local Remote
(cycles) (cycles)
3-Phase Normally Cleared
NC-1. Canal 345 (342 line) 4
NC-2. Canal 345 (322 line) 4
NC-3. Pilgrim 345 (355 line) 4
NC-4. Canal 115 (121 line) 5
NC-4A. Bourne 115 (121 line) 5, (Canal 115 – 29cyc)
NC-5. Canal 115 (126 line) 5
NC-6. Canal 115 (120 line) 5
NC-7. Bourne 115 (122 line) 5, (Barnstable – 20cyc)
NC-8. Barnstable 115 (122 line) 5, (Bourne – 29cyc)
NC-9. Falmouth 115 (115 line) 5, (Barnstable – 38cyc)
NC-10. Orleans 115 (118 line) 5, (Barnstable – 20cyc)
NC-11. Tremont 115 (113 line) 5, (Bourne – 29cyc)
NC-12. Tremont 115 (108 line) 5, (Bourne – 29cyc)
Double Circuit Towers

NC-13. Canal 345 (342 and 322) 4
NC-14. Canal 115 (121 and 126) 5
NC-14A. Bourne 115 (121 and 126) 5, (Canal 115 – 5cyc for 126 line, Canal 115 – 29cyc for 121 line)
NC-15. Canal 345 (342 and 120) 4, (5cyc for 120 line)
NC-16. Oak Street 115 (120 and 122) 5, (Bourne – 29cyc for 122 line)
NC-17. Bourne 115 (113 and 108) 5, (Tremont – 22cyc)
NC-18. Barnstable 115 (118 and 119) 5
NC-19. Pilgrim 345 (342 and 355) 4
SPS Failure to Operate and Inadvertent SPS Operation

122/120 DCT SPS
342/322 DCT SPS
TABLE 2 – Contingencies (continued)
Stuck Normal Backup
Fault Location Breaker IPT Clearing Local Remote
(cycles) (cycles)
1-Phase Stuck Breaker
NC-20. Canal 345 (342 and 121) 312 4 11.6 (Canal 115 – 12.6cyc)
NC-21. Canal 345 (322 and 121) 212 4 11 (Canal 115 – 12cyc)
NC-22. W. Medway 345 (389 and Walth. Auto) 111 4 9 10.25
NC-23. Orleans 115 (118 and 122) Barnstable 282 20 (382 brk) 31 (182 brk) 82 (at Bourne)
NC-23A. Orleans 115 (119 and 120) Barnstable 582 20 (682 brk) 31 (482 brk) 7 seconds (at Canal 115)
NC-24. Barnstable 115 (118 and 122) Barnstable 282 5 (382 brk) 16 (182 brk) 20 (at Bourne)
NC-24A. Barnstable 115 (119 and 120) Barnstable 582 5 (682 brk) 16 (482 brk) 54 cyc (at Canal 115)
NC-25. Barnstable 115 (122, 121, 113) Bourne 12272 5 41.5cyc at Bourne
NC-26. Bourne 115 (122, 121, 113) Bourne 12272 20cyc at Barnstable 17.5cyc at Bourne
NC-27. Canal 115 (121, 122, 113) Bourne 12172 5cyc at Canal 115 17.5cyc at Bourne
3-Phase Stuck Breaker

EC-28. Canal 345 (342 and 121) 312 yes 4 11.6 (Canal 115 – 12.6cyc)
EC-29. Canal 345 (322 and 121) 212 yes 4 11 (Canal 115 – 12cyc)
EC-30. Canal 345 (126 and Canal 2) 512 no 5 11.6
EC-31. Canal 345 (126 and Canal 1) 612 yes 5 11.6
EC-32. Canal 345 (342 and Canal 2) 412 yes 4 11.6
EC-33. Canal 345 (322 and Canal 1) 112 no 4 11
EC-34. Pilgrim 345 342 line 103 yes 4 10.25
EC-35. W. Medway 345 (357 and 344) 105 yes 4 9 10.25
EC-36. Auburn 345 (335, Auburn auto, 342) 2130 no 4 (115 kV – 5 cyc) 8
EC-37. Canal 115 (121, 122, 113) Bourne 12172 no 5 17.5
EC-38. Barnstable 115 (115 and Cape Wind cable) Barnstable 2 no 5 16.0 17.25
EC-39. Bourne 115 (122 and 118) Barnstable 282 no 5 16.0
EC-40. Falmouth 115 (115 and Cape Wind Cable) Barnstable 2 no 5 16.0 17.25
EC-43. Orleans 115 (118 and 122) Barnstable 282 no 20 (382 brk) 31 (182 brk) 82 (at Bourne)
EC-43A. Orleans 115 (119 and 120) Barnstable 582 no 20 (682 brk) 31 (482 brk) 7 seconds (at Canal 115)
EC-44. Barnstable 115 (118 and 122) Barnstable 282 no 5 (382 brk) 16 (182 brk) 20 (at Bourne)
EC-44A. Barnstable 115 (119 and 120) Barnstable 582 no 5 (682 brk) 16 (482 brk) 54 cyc (at Canal 115)
EC-45. Barnstable 115 (122, 121, 113) Bourne 12272 no 5 41.5cyc at Bourne
EC-46. Bourne 115 (122, 121, 113) Bourne 12272 no 20cyc at Barnstable 17.5cyc at Bourne
EC-47. Canal 115 (121, 122, 113) Bourne 12172 no 5cyc at Canal 115 17.5cyc at Bourne
Appendix C
Equivalent Shunts
Table 8 – Equivalent Shunts
Double Line to Ground Faults G (in MVA) B (in MVA)
Canal 345 kV 2013 -28228
Canal Crossing 345 kV 2776 -26165
Pilgrim 345 kV 2130 -23206
Canal #120 115 kV 388 -8205
Canal #121 115 kV 748 -11204
Barnstable 115 kV 371 -2800
Bourne 115 kV 1102 -8530
Single Line to Ground Faults
Canal 345 kV 408 -6692
West Medway 345 kV 1561 -10391
Auburn 345 kV 816 -3931
Pilgrim 345 kV 524 -5813
Bourne 115 kV 307 -2120
Barnstable 115 kV 130 -578
Orleans 115 kV 50 -167
Canal #120 115 kV 83 -1955
Canal #121 115 kV 164 -2707

Cape Wind 462 MW Generation

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Cape Wind 462 MW Generation

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FINAL DRAFT

Cape Wind 462 MW Generation

Stability and Short Circuit System Impact Study

July 15, 2005

2. Replace the Canal #512 circuit breaker with IPT capability.

3. Replace the Canal #112 circuit breaker with IPT capability.

4. Replacing the Auburn #2130 circuit breaker with IPT capability.

5. Replace the Bourne #12272 circuit breaker with IPT capability.

Protection System Upgrades

Mr. Lengcheng Huang

List of Figures and Tables 5

2.0 Project Description 6

3.0 Study Methodology 13

4.0 Study Results 17

Appendix A Load Flow Base Case Summaries and Plots

Appendix I S3D1 Full Plots and Voltage Plots

Figure 1 Interconnection of Cape Wind Generation 8

Figure 2 Cape Area Transmission System 10

Figure 3 Cape Wind 115 kV and 33 kV System One Line 11

Figure 4 Wind Turbine Generator One Line 12

Figure 5 Wind Turbine Generator Data Appendix E

Figure 6 Cape Area Breaker Diagram 9

Table 1 NEPOOL Generation Dispatch 15

Table 2 Contingencies Appendix B

Table 4 Stability Results for Peak Load Case P1D1 18-19

Table 5 Stability Results for Light Load Case S1D1 21-22

Table 6 Stability Results for Light Load Case S2D1 24-25

Table 7 Stability Results for Light Load Case S3D1 28-29

Table 8 Equivalent Shunts Appendix C

Table 9 Extreme Contingencies with GCX Entry 32

Table 10 N-2 Results for Light Load Case S2D1 39

Table 11 Short Circuit Results 40

Table 12 Results with the 2nd NB Tie In-service 35-36

Table 13 Bulk Power Substation Results 37

2.0 Project Description

2.1 Equipment Data

2.2 Station Service Load

115 kV Off-Shore Platform

160 MVA (each)

3.1 Load Flow and Stability Base Case Model

1) 2nd Nantucket Interconnection

3.2 Load Level

EC contingencies which resulted in unit instability or GCX entry were re-simulated as an NC

3.6 Low Voltage Ride Through Capability

3.7 Over and Under Frequency Protection

3.8 Steady State Equivalent Model

3.9 Dynamic Model

4.1 Peak Load Results

Falmouth – Barnstable #115 Line

Falmouth – Barnstable #115 Line and 115 kV Cable to Cape Wind

NC-20 Canal 345 (342 and 121) System stable

Falmouth – Barnstable #115 Line

Falmouth – Barnstable #115 Line and 115 kV Cable to Cape Wind

3-Ph. Fault Post project

NC-20 Canal 345 (342 and 121) System stable

Falmouth – Barnstable #115 Line

#342 and #322 Double Circuit Tower (DCT)

#342 and #121 Three Phase Stuck Breaker

Loss of #126 Auto-transformer and the Canal #2 Generator

Falmouth – Barnstable #115 Line and 115 kV Cable to Cape Wind

Canal 1, 2 and Canal 1, 2 and

Falmouth – Barnstable #115 Line

#342 and #322 Double Circuit Tower (DCT)

#342 and #121 Single Phase Stuck Breaker