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Galeorhinus galeus Tope shark

Galeorhinus galeusis commonly referred to as Tope shark. Difficulty in the aquarium: Only for advanced aquarists. A aquarium size of at least 20000 Liter is recommended. Toxicity: Toxic hazard unknown.


Profilbild Urheber Erling Svensen, Norwegen

copyright Erling Svensen , Norwegen


Courtesy of the author Erling Svensen, Norwegen https://erlingsvensen.no/photos/cnidaria/

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lexID:
927 
AphiaID:
105820 
Scientific:
Galeorhinus galeus 
German:
Hundshai 
English:
Tope Shark 
Category:
Sharks 
Family tree:
Animalia (Kingdom) > Chordata (Phylum) > Elasmobranchii (Class) > Carcharhiniformes (Order) > Triakidae (Family) > Galeorhinus (Genus) > galeus (Species) 
Initial determination:
(Linnaeus, ), 1758 
Occurrence:
Gambia, Straße von Gibralta, Tunesien, West Sahara, Africa, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bass Strait, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, California, Canada , Central Pazific, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Danmark, East-Atlantic Ocean, Ecuador, Egypt, European Coasts, Greece, Gulf of California, Houtman Abrolhos (Abrolhos Islands), Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Lybia, Madeira, Malta, Mauritania, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, New South Wales (Australia), New Zealand, North Atlantic Ocean, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Queensland (Australia), Senegal, Slovenia, South-Africa, Spain, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tansania, the British Isles, the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Archipelago, the Isle of Man, the Kermadec Islands, the Mediterranean Sea, Turkey, Uruguay, Victoria (Australia), West-Atlantic Ocean, Western Australia 
Sea depth:
1 - 1100 Meter 
Size:
up to 90.55" (230 cm) 
Weight:
44.7 kg 
Temperature:
50 °F - 60.8 °F (10°C - 16°C) 
Food:
Clam meat, Crabs, Crustaceans, Fish (little fishes), Lobster, Rock lobster, Schrimps, Sepia 
Tank:
4399.57 gal (~ 20000L)  
Difficulty:
Only for advanced aquarists 
Offspring:
Not available as offspring 
Toxicity:
Toxic hazard unknown 
CITES:
Not evaluated 
Red List:
Vulnerable (VU) 
Related species at
Catalog of Life:
 
Author:
Publisher:
Meerwasser-Lexikon.de
Created:
Last edit:
2023-03-06 17:32:45 

Info

If you are interested in sharks, size, weight, light, technique, finances, tank design as well as food procurement, please click on http://www.Korallenriff.de/Haie.
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Tobias Möser sent us the following info, which we gladly contribute:

Dogfish:
- Not bottom sharks, but almost purely pelagic. If they are lying on the bottom, there is a big problem. They also do not take food from the bottom.

- Tank size too small. From 100 m³ adult dogfish jump out or stop feeding soon.
They need tanks of at least 7 x 7 x 3 m, because they don't like to swim tight arcs.

- In my experience dogfish do not eat shellfish and also only certain types of fish: mackerel (preferred), pollock as well as squid. They are not easy to get tame and difficult to feed, because they always remain cautious and in company with other fish often do not get enough of the food thrown in.
enough of the thrown in food. Stick feeding is mandatory!
- They are very sensitive to disturbances such as divers, strobe lights, erratic night lights, etc.
Diving should be avoided if possible, never on feeding day. Flashing ditto.

Lighting should be controlled by timer if possible so that lights always go on and off at the same time, a dim night light (40W bulb above the tank) is mandatory. Nevertheless, it happens regularly that the animals bump their muzzles. Such injuries usually heal quickly, the faster the better the water quality.

- Dogfish like moderate to moderately strong currents, which may vary in strength at different points in the tank and may also change direction.

Synonyms:
Carcharhinus cyrano Whitley, 1930
Eugaleus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Galeorhinus australis (MacLeay, 1881)
Galeorhinus chilensis (Pérez Canto, 1886)
Galeorhinus galeo (Linnaeus, 1758)
Galeorhinus vitaminicus de Buen, 1950
Galeorhinus zyopterus Jordan & Gilbert, 1883
Galeus australis MacLeay, 1881
Galeus canis Bonaparte, 1834
Galeus chilensis Pérez Canto, 1886
Galeus communis Owen, 1853
Galeus linnei Malm, 1877
Galeus molinae Philippi, 1887
Galeus nilssoni Bonaparte, 1846
Galeus vulgaris Fleming, 1828
Galeus zyopterus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)
Notogaleus australis (MacLeay, 1881)
Notogaleus rhinophanes (Péron, 1807)
Squalus galeus Linnaeus, 1758
Squalus rhinophanes Péron, 1807

Shark bites can be quite lethal to humans, especially the 10 most dangerous shark species are considered and can launch unprovoked attacks from humans: - Great white shark - Bull shark - Tiger shark - Sand tiger shark - Blacktip shark - Bronze shark - Spinner shark - Blue shark - Hammerhead shark - Whitetip shark The bite by a shark is one of the most basic fears of humans, but the number of deaths caused by shark attacks is very low: in 2015 there were 98 attacks by sharks and in 6 cases the attack resulted in a fatal end for humans. In 2016 there were 107 attacks by sharks and in 8 cases the attack resulted in a fatal end for humans. Sources: http://hai.ch/Hai-Infos/Unfaelle/index.html http://www.focus.de/reisen/videos/auch-urlaubsorte-betroffen-schrecklicher-rekord-2016-gab-es-mehr-hai-angriffe-als-je-zuvor_id_6519581.html http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/hai-angriffe-erreichen-2015-rekordhoch-weiterer-anstieg-erwartet-a-1076339.html http://www.zeit.de/2016/37/haie-toetung-tierschutz-surfer
In 2022, there were a total of 108 shark attacks in the USA.

Conversely, however, 100 million sharks were killed by humans. http://www.zeit.de/2016/37/haie-toetung-tierschutz-surfer The risk of being bitten by a shark varies greatly from region to region, with most attacks occurring in Florida, Australia and South Africa. Please be careful not to go into the water with bleeding skin wounds, heed bathing warnings from the authorities and be very careful when using surfboards, as sharks can easily confuse the boards with seals and harbour seals. After shark bites, always call a doctor or / and the rescue service as soon as possible, as heavy bleeding can be life-threatening.

https://worldanimalfoundation.org/advocate/shark-attack-statistics/

Scientific paper

  1. Demographic history and the South Pacific dispersal barrier for school shark (Galeorhinus galeus) inferred by mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite DNA mark, Hernández, Sebastián; Daley, Ross; Walker, Terry; Braccini, Matias; Varela, Andrea; Francis, Malcolm P.; Ritchie, Peter A. , 2015
  2. Evidence for multiple paternity in the school shark Galeorhinus galeus found in New Zealand waters, Hernández, S.; Duffy, C.; Francis, M. P.; Ritchie, P. A. , 2014
  3. Characterization of 13 microsatellite loci for the tope shark,Galeorhinus galeus,discovered with next-generation sequencing and their utility for eastern Pacific smooth-hound sharks (Mustelus), Chris L. Chabot; Sergio Nigenda, 2011
  4. Reproductive biology of the school shark,Galeorhinus galeus, off Argentina: support for a single south western Atlantic population with synchronized migratory movements, Luis Lucifora; Roberto Menni; Alicia Escalante, 2004
  5. A scanning electron microscopic study of germ cell maturation in the reproductive tract of the male soupfin shark (Galeorhinus galeus), Leon M. McClusky, 2003
  6. Archival Tagging Of School Shark, Galeorhinus Galeus, in Australia: Initial Results, Grant J. West; John D. Stevens, 2001
  7. Stock assessment of school shark, Galeorhinus galeus, based on a spatially explicit population dynamics model, Punt, André E.; Pribac, Fred; Walker, Terence I.; Taylor, Bruce L.; Prince, Jeremy D. , 2000
  8. Demographic analysis of gummy shark ( Mustelus antarcticus ) and school shark ( Galeorhinus galeus ) off southern Australia by applying a generalized Lotka equation and its dual equation, Xiao, Yongshun; Walker, Terence I , 2000
  9. Movements of the New Zealand school shark, Galeorhinus galeus , from tag returns, Hurst, Rosemary J.; Baglet, Neil W.; McGregor, Graeme A.; Francis, Malcolm P. , 1999
  10. Age and growth of New Zealand school shark, Galeorhinus galeus, Francis, Malcolm P.; Mulligan, Kevin P. , 1998
  11. Stock assessment and risk analysis for the school shark (Galeorhinus galeus) off southern Australia, Punt, André E.; Walker, Terence I., 1998
  12. Sources of variation in counts of growth increments in vertebrae from gummy shark, ( Mustelus antarcticus , and school shark, Galeorhinus galeus ): implications for age determination, Officer, R A; Gason, A S; Walker, T I; Clement, J G , 1996
  13. Juvenile Tope Galeorhinus galeus L, D. T. G. Quigley and K. Flannery, 1994
  14. Age and growth studies of Gummy Shark, Mustelus antarcticus Gunther, and School Shark, Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus), from Souther Australian Waters, Moulton, PL; Walker, TI; Saddlier, SR , 1992
  15. Observations on trace metal concentrations in a carcharhinid shark, Galeorhinus galeus, from Liverpool Bay, Philip Vas, 1987
  16. The migrations of tope, Galeorhinus galeus (L), in the eastern North Atlantic as determined by tagging, Holden, M. J.; Horrod, R. G. , 1979

External links

  1. FishBase (multi). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.
  2. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (multi). Abgerufen am 06.03.2023.
  3. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) (en). Abgerufen am 06.03.2023.

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copyright Erling Svensen , Norwegen
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Hundshai / OceanPhoto E. Svenson
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