Subterranean clover

Appearance

* ''T. subterraneum'' subsp. ''subterraneum'' is the generalist subspecies, and it can be grown in the widest range of environments.
⤷  ''T. subterraneum'' subsp. ''yanninicum'' is grown in moist areas that are prone to flooding.
⤷  ''T. subterraneum'' subsp. ''brachycalycinum'' is a more sensitive plant, requiring dry, cracked soil for its germination.

Some systematists consider the three plants to be separate species. There are many strains and varieties of these subspecies, but few are in wide use. The technique of mixing the subspecies in one field is popular as a method of ensuring a dense crop. Also, subterranean clover is sometimes mixed with alfalfa for a longer-lasting grazing pasture.

Distribution

It can thrive in poor-quality soil where other clovers cannot survive, and is grown commercially for animal fodder. There are three distinct subspecies used in agriculture, each with its own ideal climate and soil type, allowing for wide distribution of the plant over varied environments.

Reproduction

This species is self-fertilizing, unlike most legume forage crops such as alfalfa and other clovers, which are pollinated by insects, especially honeybees. The flowers of subclover are often located beneath its leaves and are low in nectar, making access both difficult and unappealing for bees. These characteristics also make the plant less attractive to certain types of pest insects.